Miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to a miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna, and the antenna comprises a first part which is provided with a first groove, and the arrangement of the first groove enables the first part to form a defected ground structure; the second component serves as a feed structure and is used for supplying power to the antenna; the third component is connected with the second component, the second component is used for supplying power to the third component, and the third component is of a monopole structure; one end of the fourth component is connected with the first component, and a bending part is arranged on the fourth component and used for reducing the area of the radiation structure and adjusting impedance matching of low frequency. According to the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna disclosed by the invention, a single-sided design based on a glass medium is adopted, so that the possibility that a three-dimensional structure is damaged is reduced, and the mechanical property of glass is reserved; the bandwidth covers a 4GLTE frequency band and a common 5G frequency band, and a good + z radiation pattern is formed in each frequency band; by utilizing the defected ground structure, the requirement on a large metal floor can be remarkably reduced, and meanwhile, a very good low-frequency broadband is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and particularly to a miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna. Background Art

[0002] Existing in-vehicle ultra-wideband 5G antennas often adopt monopole antennas integrated in a shark fin. This antenna design has a three-dimensional structure, stands upright on the roof, has a relatively high profile height, and is vulnerable to external influences and damage. However, with the application of panoramic sunroofs and the automotive industry's demand for streamlined vehicle bodies, the antenna layout space is severely limited. Therefore, the traditional shark fin antenna design scheme is difficult to meet the new design requirements.

[0003] Through research on existing shark fin antennas, it is found that different shark fin antennas have different problem points: 1) A broadband monopole antenna that can cover the frequency band ranges of 698 to 960 MHz and 1710 to 2690 MHz. However, such antennas often have a three-dimensional structure, a high profile height, and are vulnerable to damage by the external environment. At the same time, the shark fin antenna's requirement for a large-area sheet metal structure makes it difficult to meet the design requirements of panoramic sunroofs. On the other hand, in order to achieve a compact design of the shark fin structure, multiple antennas are often integrated in a limited space, resulting in relatively serious mutual interference, making the design more difficult.

[0004] 2) A printed planar monopole broadband antenna that successfully covers the frequency band ranges of 698 MHz - 960 MHz and 1653 MHz - 3058 MHz by introducing a ground strip and a loop structure. However, this antenna also requires a large metal ground structure to support its broadband characteristics, resulting in a large occupied area. If the area of the metal floor is reduced, the low-frequency bandwidth of the antenna will decrease sharply, making it difficult to meet the 5G broadband coverage requirements.

[0005] 3) A dual-layer 5G antenna that successfully covers 0.824 GHz to 6 GHz by using a dual-layer ground structure and radiation elements. However, this dual-layer ground structure requires via connections. If holes are drilled in the glass, its mechanical properties will be severely damaged, and it cannot be applied in the actual in-vehicle environment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the technical problems to be solved by the present invention are to overcome the following problems in the prior art: 1) The traditional monopole antenna placed in the shark fin is usually a three-dimensional structure, vertically placed on the metal floor, has a relatively high profile, and is vulnerable to damage by the external environment. At the same time, multiple antennas integrated in a limited space interfere severely with each other, making the design difficult and costly.

[0007] 2) Currently, in order to maintain the coverage of a wide frequency band, planar broadband antennas often consider using a large-sized metal environment to ensure the impedance bandwidth performance, resulting in a large occupied area and making it difficult to achieve miniaturized design.

[0008] 3) Although the use of a double-layer structure has successfully expanded the bandwidth, it still fails to cover the 4G LTE700 frequency band. At the same time, such solutions often require drilling holes in the dielectric substrate in the process, which will seriously damage the mechanical properties of the glass, increasing the antenna design difficulty and processing cost.

[0009] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna, including: Component One, which serves as a ground structure, and a groove One is provided on Component One, and the setting of the groove One makes Component One form a defected ground structure; Component Two, which is arranged on Component One, and Component Two serves as a feeding structure for supplying power to the antenna; Component Three, which is connected to Component Two, and Component Two is used to supply power to Component Three, and Component Three is a monopole structure; Component Four, one end of which is connected to Component One, and a bending portion is provided on Component Four, and Component Four is a short-circuit stub, and the bending portion is used to reduce the area of the radiation structure and adjust the impedance matching at low frequencies; Component One, Component Three, and Component Four are all installed on the automotive glass. The miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna of the present invention: 1) Adopts a single-sided design based on glass dielectric, reducing the possibility of damage to the three-dimensional structure and retaining the mechanical properties of the glass. 2) The bandwidth covers the 4G LTE frequency band and common 5G frequency bands, and has a good +z radiation pattern in each frequency band. 3) By using the defected ground structure, the demand for a large metal floor can be significantly reduced, and at the same time, a good low-frequency broadband can be obtained.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present invention, a feeding point is provided between Component Two and Component Three, and the feeding point is used to connect Component Two and Component Three.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section of Component One is rectangular, the groove One is a rectangular groove, the groove One is arranged on the long side of one side of Component One, Component Two is arranged at one end of Component One where the groove One is provided, and Component Four is connected to the long side of Component One where the groove One is provided.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present invention, Component Two is a coaxial cable, and Component Two includes Component Five and Component Six. Component Five is the inner core of the coaxial cable, Component Six is the outer core of the coaxial cable, and Component Six wraps around the outer wall of Component Five. One end of Component Five extends out of Component Six and is connected to the feeding point.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the third component has a "mouth" - shaped structure. On one side of the third component close to the first groove, there is a seventh component. The seventh component has an L - shaped bending structure, and one end of the seventh component far from the third component extends to be disposed opposite to the first groove.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, on one side of the third component close to the fourth component, there is a right - angle bending portion. The right - angle bending portion is located at the corner position of the third component close to the first component, and the right - angle bending portion is recessed into the interior of the third component.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, one end of the fourth component far from the first component extends to form a straight portion. The straight portion is parallel to the long side of the rectangle of the first component, and the straight portion extends to be disposed opposite to the first groove.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the straight portion and the bending portion are at a right - angle. The straight portion is located on the side of the seventh component far from the first component.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, one end of the seventh component is perpendicular to the side of the third component, and the side of the seventh component perpendicular to the third component is parallel to the long side of the rectangle of the first component.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the bending portion is a U - shaped reciprocating bending structure.

[0019] The miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna of the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: 1) Aiming at the problems that the traditional 5G antenna using a shark - fin structure is vulnerable to external environment influence and there is mutual interference between multiple antennas, the present invention proposes a planar design that directly integrates the antenna on the glass, greatly reducing the design requirements for the antenna profile height and reducing the possibility of damage to the three - dimensional structure. At the same time, the 5G automotive glass antenna of the present invention does not require a compact layout, has a high degree of design freedom, can effectively reduce the interference between multiple antennas, and reduces the design complexity and manufacturing cost of the antenna.

[0020] 2) Aiming at the technical problem that the current printed 5G antenna uses a large - size metal environment for bandwidth performance, the present invention successfully introduces new resonance points by using a defect - ground structure, which not only meets the broadband coverage requirements of the low - frequency band of the antenna, but also has a compact structure and small occupied area, realizing the design of miniaturized broadband.

[0021] 3) Aiming at the problem that the current double - layer 5G broadband antenna needs to punch holes in the substrate, the present invention proposes a single - side structure design, which has the advantage of independent adjustability of multiple frequency bands, and solves the technical problem of damaging the mechanical properties of the glass due to the need for via - hole connection of the antenna ground to achieve miniaturization and multi - bandwidth coverage. Description of the Drawings

[0022] To make the content of the present invention easier to be clearly understood, the following further describes the present invention in detail according to specific embodiments of the present invention in combination with the accompanying drawings, where Figure 1 is the installation position diagram of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna in the preferred embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 3 is the side view of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is the dimension marking diagram of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is the reflection coefficient simulation diagram of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is the peak gain simulation diagram of the operating frequency band of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is the radiation pattern of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna at 0.7 GHz in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is the radiation pattern of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna at 0.8 GHz in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 is the radiation pattern of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna at 2.0 GHz in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 is the radiation pattern of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna at 2.3 GHz in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 is the radiation pattern of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna at 3.8 GHz in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 is the radiation pattern of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna at 4.5 GHz in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 is the first structural evolution process of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 is the second structural evolution process of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 is the third structural evolution process of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a graph showing the performance changes during the evolution of a miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the drawings: automotive glass 1, component two 2, component five 21, component six 22, feeding point 3, component three 4, component seven 41, right-angle bending part 42, component four 5, bending part 51, straight part 52, component one 6, groove one 61. Detailed implementation manners

[0024] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and be able to implement it, but the embodiments cited do not limit the present invention.

[0025] Refer to Figures 1 - 3 As shown, the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna of the present invention includes several parts: component one 6, component two 2, component three 4, and component four 5; Component one 6 is used as a ground structure, and a groove one 61 is provided on the component one 6. The setting of the groove one 61 makes the component one 6 form a defected ground structure; Component two 2 is arranged on the component one 6, and the component two 2 is used as a feeding structure to supply power to the antenna; Component three 4 is connected to the component two 2, and the component two 2 is used to supply power to the component three 4. The component three 4 is a monopole structure; One end of component four 5 is connected to component one 6, and a bending part 51 is provided on the component four 5. The bending part 51 is a U-shaped reciprocating bending structure. The component four 5 is a shorting stub. The bending part 51 is used to reduce the area of the radiation structure and adjust the impedance matching at low frequencies; The component one 6, component three 4, and component four 5 are all installed on the automotive glass 1. Specifically, the glass has a dielectric constant of 7, a loss tangent of 0.01, and a thickness of 2.1 mm.

[0026] The miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna of the present invention proposes a new idea of co-shaped integration design of a 5G antenna and automotive functional glass, which relates to the field of wireless communication. The antenna bandwidth can cover common 4G LTE and 5G frequency bands.

[0027] In the above structure, a feeding point 3 is provided between the component two 2 and the component three 4, and the feeding point 3 is used to connect the component two 2 and the component three 4.

[0028] In the above structure, the cross-section of the component one 6 is rectangular, the groove one 61 is a rectangular groove, the groove one 61 is provided on the long side of one side of the component one 6, the component two 2 is arranged at one end of the component one 6 where the groove one 61 is provided, and the component four 5 is connected to the long side of the component one 6 where the groove one 61 is provided. The component three 4 and the component four 5 are on the same side of the groove one 61, and the component three 4 is located between the component four 5 and the groove one 61.

[0029] In the above structure, the second component 2 is a coaxial line, and the second component 2 includes a fifth component 21 and a sixth component 22. The fifth component 21 is the inner core of the coaxial line, and the sixth component 22 is the outer core of the coaxial line. The sixth component 22 is wrapped around the outer wall of the fifth component 21. One end of the fifth component 21 extends out of the sixth component 22 and is connected to the feeding point 3.

[0030] In the above structure, the third component 4 has a "mouth" - shaped structure. A seventh component 41 is provided on one side of the third component 4 close to the first groove 61. The seventh component 41 has an L - shaped bending structure, and one end of the seventh component 41 away from the third component 4 extends to be disposed opposite to the first groove 61. A right - angle bending portion 42 is provided on one side of the third component 4 close to the fourth component 5. The right - angle bending portion 42 is located at the corner position of the third component 4 close to the first component 6, and the right - angle bending portion 42 is recessed into the interior of the third component 4. One end of the seventh component 41 is perpendicular to the side of the third component 4, and the side of the seventh component 41 perpendicular to the third component 4 is parallel to the long side of the rectangle of the first component 6.

[0031] In the above structure, one end of the fourth component 5 away from the first component 6 extends to form a straight portion 52. The straight portion 52 is parallel to the long side of the rectangle of the first component 6, and the straight portion 52 extends to be disposed opposite to the first groove 61. The straight portion 52 is disposed at a right angle to the bending portion 51, and the straight portion 52 is located on the side of the seventh component 41 away from the first component 6.

[0032] The overall size of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna of the present invention is 150mm×60mm×2.1mm. It is fed through a coaxial line. The fifth component 21 is the inner core of the coaxial line, the sixth component 22 is the outer core of the coaxial line, and the feeding point 3. Preferably, the antenna of the present invention is installed at the lower right corner of the automotive glass 1. Its main structure includes: an improved monopole structure (the third component 4), a bent short - circuit stub (the fourth component 5), and a defected ground structure (the first component 6). Among them, the left stub of the monopole (the seventh component 41) has an L - shaped bending structure, and its horizontal and vertical stub parts have different line widths. The right stub of the monopole (the right - angle bending portion 42) is a right - angle structure, and the lower - right corner part forms a stepped structure from left to right. The short - circuit stub (the fourth component 5) adopts a continuously bent line structure to reduce the area of the radiation structure and adjust the impedance matching at low frequencies; the defected ground structure (the first component 6) digs out a rectangular groove in the antenna radiation ground.

[0033] Refer to Figure 2As shown in the figure, the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna of the present invention is mainly composed of a printed monopole structure. In order to better cover the required frequency band, the initial length of the left branch AB of the monopole is set to one-quarter wavelength of the 1 GHz frequency, and the initial length of the branch AC is set to one-quarter wavelength of the 2 GHz frequency. By adjusting the line width of component seven 41 and the stage structure of the right-angle bending part 42, the impedance matching characteristics of the monopole antenna can be effectively improved. When the monopole antenna is excited, broadband coverage from 1.81 GHz to 6 GHz can be achieved. However, at this time, the low-frequency coverage of the antenna is poor. Therefore, the present invention introduces a short-circuit structure component 5, the vertical bent part is connected to the rectangular ground structure, and the other end extends out to form a horizontal straight bar parallel to the rectangular ground structure. The introduction of this structure can effectively improve the impedance matching near 1 GHz. However, at this time, its low-frequency operating bandwidth is still very narrow. In order to further broaden the low-frequency operating bandwidth without affecting the characteristics of the medium and high frequencies, the present invention digs out a rectangular slot 6 on the left side of the feeding point to form a defected ground structure. This defected ground structure can generate an additional resonance point near 0.6 GHz. By adjusting the size and position of the slot, the operating bandwidth at low frequencies has been greatly improved, and finally, coverage from 0.617 GHz to 0.96 GHz has been successfully achieved, meeting the design requirements.

[0034] Refer to Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the specific dimensions of the antenna are as follows: GND_X = 30 mm; GND_Y = 150 mm; ANT_X = 30 mm; ANT_Y = 68 mm; CX = 25 mm; CY = 30 mm; C1 = 0.5 mm; L1 = 29 mm; L2 = 16.2 mm; L3 = 25 mm; T1 = 12.4 mm; T2 = 10 mm; H1 = 18.2 mm; H = 2.1 mm; D1 = 1 mm; D2 = 4 mm.

[0035] Refer to Figures 13 - 15 As shown in the figure, the structural evolution process of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna of the present invention is as follows: In order to achieve 5G multi-frequency coverage, the present invention first adopts a single basic printed monopole structure, as Figure 13 shown in Model 1. It can well meet the coverage of the medium and high frequency bands, and the magnitude of the reflection coefficient is less than -6 dB from 1.81 GHz to 6 GHz. However, its low-frequency matching characteristics are poor. In order to broaden the bandwidth of the low-frequency band, the present invention adds a short-circuit structure to introduce a new resonance point, as Figure 14 shown in Model 2. It can be seen from the figure that the reflection coefficient at 1 GHz has been improved, approaching -6 dB, and the characteristics of the medium and high frequencies remain basically unchanged. On this basis, by adding a defected ground structure, as Figure 15As shown in Model 3, the current path of the floor is changed, a new resonance point is introduced at low frequencies, and the resonance of the monopole structure at low frequencies is further compensated, thereby obtaining a low-frequency broadband that can cover 0.617 GHz - 1.1 GHz. As Figure 16 shown, it shows the performance changes of the miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 It is the simulation and measured graph of the relationship between the antenna reflection coefficient and frequency. It can be seen from the graph that the reflection coefficient of the antenna is less than -6 dB within the common bandwidth ranges of 0.617 GHz - 0.96 GHz, 1.71 GHz - 2.69 GHz, and 3.3 GHz - 5 GHz, that is, the 4G LTE and 5G frequency bands. At the same time, there are relatively good resonances, and the deepest resonance points all fall well within the working frequency band.

[0037] Figure 6 It shows the actual gain situation of the antenna within the working frequency band. The peak gain is above 2.8 dB within the range of 0.617 GHz - 0.96 GHz, the peak gain can reach about 8 dB within the range of 1.71 GHz - 2.69 GHz, the peak gain within the range of 3.3 GHz - 5 GHz can be stabilized at about 5 dB, and the maximum peak gain can reach 8 dB.

[0038] Figures 7 - 12 It shows the radiation pattern of the antenna of the present invention in the XOZ and YOZ planes at different frequency points. The antenna radiation pattern can maintain a good radiation effect in the +z direction at different frequencies.

[0039] The miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna of the present invention: 1) Utilize the idea of directly integrating the radiation unit with the automotive glass. Different from the traditional monopole antenna, the present invention adopts a conformal design of the radiation unit and the automotive glass, has two-dimensional planar structure characteristics, and reduces the possibility of the antenna being damaged by external influences.

[0040] 2) Adopt a design of improving the low-frequency resonance with a defected ground structure. The present invention adopts a defected ground structure to change the floor current path so that the floor forms an effective resonance, significantly reduces the dependence on a large-area metal floor, and effectively reduces the antenna size.

[0041] 3) Have the 5G broadband characteristics covering the entire frequency band. Compared with the existing 5G antennas, the present invention realizes the frequency band coverage from 0.617 GHz - 0.96 GHz and 1.71 GHz - 5 GHz, and has a stable radiation in the +Z direction.

[0042] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples given for clear illustration and are not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna, characterized in that, Including: Component One, which serves as a ground structure. A first groove is provided on Component One, and the provision of the first groove makes Component One form a defective ground structure; Component Two, which is arranged on Component One, and Component Two serves as a feeding structure for powering the antenna; Component Three, which is connected to Component Two. Component Two is used to supply power to Component Three, and Component Three is a monopole structure; Component Four, one end of which is connected to Component One, and a bending portion is provided on Component Four. Component Four is a short - circuit stub, and the bending portion is used to reduce the area of the radiation structure and adjust the impedance matching at low frequencies; Component One, Component Three and Component Four are all installed on the automotive glass.

2. The miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna according to claim 1, wherein: A feeding point is provided between Component Two and Component Three, and the feeding point is used to connect Component Two and Component Three.

3. The miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The cross - section of Component One is rectangular, the first groove is a rectangular groove, the first groove is provided on the long side of one side of Component One, Component Two is arranged at one end of Component One where the first groove is provided, and Component Four is connected to the long side of Component One where the first groove is provided.

4. The miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: Component Two is a coaxial line, and Component Two includes Component Five and Component Six. Component Five is the inner core of the coaxial line, Component Six is the outer core of the coaxial line, and Component Six wraps around the outer wall of Component Five. One end of Component Five extends out of Component Six and is connected to the feeding point.

5. The miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna according to claim 3, wherein: Component Three is in a "mouth" - shaped structure. A Component Seven is provided on the side of Component Three close to the first groove. Component Seven is an L - shaped bending structure, and the end of Component Seven far from Component Three extends to be arranged opposite to the first groove.

6. The miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna according to claim 5, wherein: A right - angle bending portion is provided on the side of Component Three close to Component Four. The right - angle bending portion is located at the corner position of Component Three close to Component One, and the right - angle bending portion is recessed towards the inside of Component Three.

7. The miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The end of Component Four far from Component One extends to form a straight portion. The straight portion is parallel to the rectangular long side of Component One, and the straight portion extends to be arranged opposite to the first groove.

8. The miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The straight portion and the bending portion are arranged at a right angle, and the straight portion is located on the side of Component Seven far from Component One.

9. The miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of Component Seven is perpendicular to the side of Component Three, and the side of Component Seven perpendicular to Component Three is parallel to the rectangular long side of Component One.

10. The miniaturized 5G broadband automotive glass antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The bending portion is a U - shaped reciprocating bending structure.

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