Insulin pump emergency power supply system with safety protection mechanism

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and discloses an insulin pump emergency power supply system with a safety protection mechanism, comprising: a main power supply module for providing power for an insulin pump during normal operation; the emergency power supply module comprises a super capacitor bank and is used for taking over power supply when the main power supply module fails; the power supply management unit is connected between the main power supply module and the emergency power supply module, and is configured to detect the state of the main power supply module and switch to the super capacitor group to supply power when the main power supply module fails; the protection mechanism comprises at least one of a dual voltage monitoring circuit, a dynamic load matching circuit and a temperature protection circuit; and the monitoring and alarm module is used for monitoring the state of the power supply in real time and giving an alarm during emergency power supply. By introducing a multi-level protection mechanism into the emergency power supply system of the insulin pump, accurate power supply switching and stable power output can be realized when the main power supply fails, and switching errors caused by failure of a single monitoring point are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and particularly to an emergency power supply system for an insulin pump with a safety protection mechanism. Background Art

[0002] An insulin pump is a medical device used for diabetes management. It helps patients maintain stable blood glucose levels by continuously infusing insulin. The reliability of its power supply system is crucial for the device's function and patient safety. In the prior art, insulin pumps typically use lithium batteries or alkaline batteries as the main power source and are equipped with an emergency power supply design to handle the situation of main power failure. Common emergency power supply solutions include using a backup battery to take over power supply when the main power runs out, and triggering the switching process through a voltage detection circuit. In addition, some research literature mentions that the power supply systems of insulin pumps mostly rely on a single battery or a simple backup mechanism, and use hardware circuits to achieve basic power switching functions. These technical solutions have, to a certain extent, ensured the continuous operation of the insulin pump when the main power fails and met the basic emergency needs.

[0003] However, the emergency power supply systems in the prior art have deficiencies in terms of safety and reliability. The typical backup battery switching design usually relies on a single voltage detection point. If the detection circuit fails or makes a misjudgment, it may lead to switching failure or delay, thus interrupting insulin infusion and increasing the risk of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia for patients. In addition, the existing systems generally lack comprehensive protection for the operating state of the backup power supply. For example, there are no effective control measures for problems such as power overload, underload, or overheating, resulting in possible output instability or component performance degradation during the emergency power supply process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an emergency power supply system for an insulin pump with a safety protection mechanism, which solves the problem that the typical backup battery switching design usually relies on a single voltage detection point, and if the detection circuit fails or makes a misjudgment, it may lead to switching failure or delay.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: An emergency power supply system for an insulin pump with a safety protection mechanism, comprising:

[0006] A main power supply module for providing power to the insulin pump during normal operation;

[0007] An emergency power supply module including a supercapacitor bank for taking over power supply when the main power supply module fails;

[0008] A power management unit connected between the main power supply module and the emergency power supply module, configured to detect the state of the main power supply module and switch to power supply by the supercapacitor bank when it fails;

[0009] A protection mechanism, including at least one of a dual-voltage monitoring circuit, a dynamic load matching circuit, and a temperature protection circuit. Among them, the dual-voltage monitoring circuit is used to monitor the voltages of the main power supply module and the supercapacitor bank respectively and trigger switching or stop discharging when a preset threshold is reached. The dynamic load matching circuit is used to adjust the output power of the supercapacitor bank according to the real-time power consumption of the insulin pump. The temperature protection circuit is used to monitor the temperature of the supercapacitor bank and pause charging and discharging when the temperature is too high;

[0010] A monitoring and alarm module, connected to the power management unit, is used to monitor the power status in real time and issue an alarm during emergency power supply;

[0011] Among them, the protection mechanism is connected to the infusion control module of the insulin pump through the signal output of the power management unit to maintain the continuity and safety of insulin infusion when the main power supply fails.

[0012] Preferably, the dual-voltage monitoring circuit includes:

[0013] A first monitor, configured to detect the voltage of the main power supply module and trigger switching to the supercapacitor bank when the voltage is lower than the first threshold;

[0014] A second monitor, configured to detect the voltage of the supercapacitor bank and prevent further discharging when the voltage is lower than the second threshold;

[0015] Among them, the first threshold and the second threshold are set according to the minimum operating voltage of the insulin pump and the safe discharge range of the supercapacitor respectively.

[0016] Preferably, when the main power supply module fails, the switching time of the power management unit to the supercapacitor bank is less than 10 milliseconds, and it is synchronized with the infusion control module of the insulin pump through the pulse signal of the power management unit to avoid infusion interruption.

[0017] Preferably, the dynamic load matching circuit includes:

[0018] A current sensor, used to detect the load current of the insulin pump in real time;

[0019] A MOSFET switch, dynamically adjusting the output power of the supercapacitor bank based on the load current;

[0020] An overcurrent protection unit, configured to disconnect the circuit when the current exceeds a preset threshold;

[0021] Among them, the dynamic load matching circuit is linked with the infusion frequency of the insulin pump to maintain stable power supply during peak infusion.

[0022] Preferably, the temperature protection circuit includes:

[0023] An NTC thermistor is attached to the surface of the supercapacitor bank for monitoring temperature changes;

[0024] A control chip is configured to pause the charging or discharging of the supercapacitor bank when the temperature exceeds 50 °C;

[0025] Wherein, the temperature protection circuit is connected to the monitoring and alarm module to trigger an alarm in case of over-temperature.

[0026] Preferably, the monitoring and alarm module includes:

[0027] A microcontroller is configured to estimate the emergency power supply time according to the remaining capacity of the supercapacitor bank;

[0028] A user interface includes an LED indicator and a buzzer, where the blinking frequency of the LED increases with the decrease of the remaining capacity, and the buzzer emits a high-frequency alarm when the capacity is below 20%.

[0029] Preferably, the monitoring and alarm module communicates with a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system through a Bluetooth module, and adjusts the insulin infusion strategy according to the blood glucose data during emergency power supply to extend the emergency power supply coverage time.

[0030] Preferably, the supercapacitor bank is composed of at least two supercapacitors of 2.7V and 10F connected in parallel, configured to provide at least 30 minutes of emergency power supply when the main power fails, and maintain a fully charged state through trickle charging.

[0031] Preferably, the main power module includes a 3.7V, 1000mAh lithium battery, and the power management unit includes a boost circuit for maintaining the output voltage of the supercapacitor bank at 3.3V during emergency power supply.

[0032] Preferably, the protection mechanism further includes:

[0033] An overvoltage protection chip is configured to limit the voltage not to exceed 2.7V when the supercapacitor bank is charging;

[0034] A fault mode switching function to switch the insulin pump to a low-power maintenance mode in case of power switching failure to extend the emergency time.

[0035] The present invention provides an insulin pump emergency power supply system with a safety protection mechanism. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. By introducing a multi-level protection mechanism into the emergency power supply system of the insulin pump, including a dual-voltage monitoring circuit, a dynamic load matching circuit, and a temperature protection circuit, the present invention can achieve precise power switching and stable power output when the main power supply fails. The dual-voltage monitoring circuit monitors the voltage states of the main power supply and the supercapacitor bank respectively, avoiding switching errors caused by the failure of a single monitoring point. These mechanisms work together to ensure the continuity of insulin infusion during emergency power supply, reducing the risk of blood glucose management interruption caused by power failures, and having higher safety and reliability compared to traditional single-battery backup systems.

[0037] 2. Through the signal connection between the power management unit and the insulin pump infusion control module, the present invention can synchronously adjust the infusion state through pulse signals when the main power supply fails and switch to the low-power maintenance mode when the switching fails. This linkage mechanism uses the power state information to directly affect the infusion control logic. Compared with the design in the prior art where the power supply and the infusion system operate independently, the present invention realizes the coordinated operation of power management and medical functions through the combination of hardware signals and software algorithms, significantly improving the stability of the overall operation of the device in an emergency state.

[0038] 3. The present invention adopts a dynamic load matching circuit and a communication function with a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system to optimize the energy distribution of the supercapacitor according to the real-time power consumption of the insulin pump and the patient's blood glucose data. Compared with the traditional emergency power supply design with a fixed output power, the present invention effectively improves the energy utilization efficiency through the load dynamic adjustment and blood glucose feedback mechanism, buying more emergency treatment time for the patient.

[0039] 4. The present invention applies a supercapacitor bank (2.7V, 10F×2 in parallel) to the emergency power supply of the insulin pump and maintains its fully charged state through a trickle charging and overvoltage protection chip (limiting voltage 2.7V), solving the technical problems of fast voltage decay and limited capacity of the supercapacitor. The trickle charging is carried out at a low current of 50mA, avoiding the damage to the capacitor life caused by fast charging. The overvoltage protection prevents leakage or capacity decay caused by too high voltage during the charging process. Compared with the traditional emergency solution relying on lithium batteries, the present invention makes full use of the high power density and long cycle life (more than 100,000 times) of the supercapacitor, making it have better applicability in medical devices such as insulin pumps that require high stability.

[0040] 5. The monitoring and alarm module of the present invention estimates the remaining capacity of the supercapacitor through a microcontroller, and uses the blinking frequency of the LED indicator (2 seconds per blink when fully charged, 0.5 seconds per blink when low on power) and the high-frequency alarm of the buzzer (triggered when the capacity is below 20%) to provide power status information to the user, enabling the patient to timely understand the remaining time during emergency power supply. Compared with the simple low-power reminder in existing insulin pumps, the present invention improves the user's perception ability of the device status through a multi-dimensional feedback method, facilitating timely adoption of countermeasures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 FIG. is the overall system architecture diagram of an insulin pump emergency power supply system with a safety protection mechanism according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 FIG. is the communication flowchart between an insulin pump emergency power supply system with a safety protection mechanism according to the present invention and CGM. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0043] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 - attached Figure 2 , the embodiment of the present invention provides an insulin pump emergency power supply system with a safety protection mechanism, including:

[0045] The main power module is used to provide power for the insulin pump during normal operation;

[0046] The emergency power supply module includes a supercapacitor bank and is used to take over power supply when the main power module fails;

[0047] The power management unit is connected between the main power module and the emergency power supply module and is configured to detect the status of the main power module and switch to the supercapacitor bank for power supply when it fails;

[0048] The protection mechanism includes at least one of a dual-voltage monitoring circuit, a dynamic load matching circuit, and a temperature protection circuit. Among them, the dual-voltage monitoring circuit is used to monitor the voltages of the main power module and the supercapacitor bank respectively and trigger switching or stop discharging at a preset threshold. The dynamic load matching circuit is used to adjust the output power of the supercapacitor bank according to the real-time power consumption of the insulin pump. The temperature protection circuit is used to monitor the temperature of the supercapacitor bank and pause charging and discharging when the temperature is too high;

[0049] The monitoring and alarm module, connected to the power management unit, is used to monitor the power status in real time and issue an alarm during emergency power supply;

[0050] Among them, the protection mechanism is connected to the infusion control module of the insulin pump through the signal output of the power management unit to maintain the continuity and safety of insulin infusion when the main power supply fails.

[0051] Specifically, the main power supply module uses a rechargeable lithium battery to charge the supercapacitor bank in a constant current manner through the charging circuit of the power management unit. The charging current is controlled below 50 mA to extend the life of the supercapacitor. The supercapacitor bank in the emergency power supply module selects high-power density components, which can provide a large current output in a short time. Its parallel design increases the total capacity to ensure the continuity of emergency power supply. The power management unit is built-in with a microprocessor and a comparator circuit, and the voltage signal of the main power supply module is collected in real time through a sampling resistor. When the detected voltage is lower than the preset threshold (such as 3.2 V), the microprocessor issues a control signal to drive the relay or MOSFET switch to switch the power supply line to the supercapacitor bank. The switching process is optimized through a hardware circuit, and the response time is controlled within 10 ms. The protection mechanism is the core innovation point of the present invention. The dual-voltage monitoring circuit uses two independent ADC channels to collect the voltage data of the main power supply and the supercapacitor respectively, and judges whether to trigger switching or stop discharging through a software algorithm; the dynamic load matching circuit uses a current sensor and a proportional-integral (PI) control algorithm to dynamically adjust the output power according to the real-time power consumption of the insulin pump (such as 0.5 W to 1 W) to avoid overloading or underloading; the temperature protection circuit forms a feedback loop through an NTC thermistor and an operational amplifier. When the temperature of the supercapacitor bank exceeds 50 °C, the control chip cuts off the charging or discharging circuit and records the over-temperature event in the memory for subsequent analysis. The monitoring and alarm module includes a low-power microcontroller (such as the STM32L0 series), communicates with the power management unit through the I2C interface, collects voltage, current and temperature data, and drives the LED and buzzer to issue an alarm signal according to the preset logic. The connection between the protection mechanism and the infusion control module of the insulin pump outputs a digital signal through the GPIO pin of the power management unit. This signal is connected to the input end of the infusion control module. When the main power supply failure is detected, the infusion control module maintains the current infusion rate after receiving the signal, or adjusts the infusion volume according to the preset emergency strategy to ensure the continuity and safety of blood glucose management.

[0052] The dual-voltage monitoring circuit includes:

[0053] The first monitor, configured to detect the voltage of the main power supply module and trigger a switch to the supercapacitor bank when the voltage is lower than the first threshold;

[0054] The second monitor, configured to detect the voltage of the supercapacitor bank and prevent further discharging when the voltage is lower than the second threshold;

[0055] Among them, the first threshold and the second threshold are set according to the minimum operating voltage of the insulin pump and the safe discharge range of the supercapacitor, respectively.

[0056] Specifically, the design of the dual-voltage monitoring circuit aims to improve the accuracy of power supply switching and the safety of the supercapacitor. The first monitor consists of a high-precision voltage comparator (such as LM393) and a voltage-dividing resistor network. The voltage of the main power supply module is input to the positive terminal of the comparator after voltage division and compared with the reference voltage (provided by a zener diode, set to 3.2V). When the input voltage is lower than the reference value, the comparator outputs a high-level signal, which is transmitted to the microprocessor of the power management unit to trigger a switching instruction. The second monitor adopts a similar circuit structure, but the monitoring object is the supercapacitor bank, and the reference voltage is set to 1.5V (based on the minimum safe discharge voltage of the supercapacitor). When the voltage of the supercapacitor is lower than this value, the comparator output signal drives the MOSFET to turn off the discharge circuit to avoid performance degradation caused by over-discharge. The sampling frequency of the two monitors is set to 100 times per second to ensure real-time performance. The monitoring data is processed through the interrupt mechanism of the microcontroller to avoid misjudgment. The thresholds are set based on the minimum operating voltage of the insulin pump (usually 3.0V to 3.3V) and the technical specifications of the supercapacitor (such as maintaining 80% capacity when discharged to 1.5V). The specific values can be adjusted according to the actual application scenario. For example, the thresholds can be appropriately increased in a low-temperature environment to compensate for performance degradation. To improve reliability, the dual-monitoring circuit also includes filter capacitors and anti-interference shielding designs to avoid the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the voltage detection accuracy.

[0057] When the main power supply module fails, the power management unit switches to the supercapacitor bank within less than 10 milliseconds and synchronizes with the infusion control module of the insulin pump through the pulse signal of the power management unit to avoid infusion interruption.

[0058] Specifically, the switching function of the power management unit is crucial for the seamless operation of the system. When the main power module fails (such as when the voltage drops below 3.2V or the line is disconnected), the built-in relay or MOSFET switch receives the control signal sent by the microprocessor and completes the switching from the main power supply to the supercapacitor bank through the hardware circuit. To achieve a switching time of less than 10 ms, the system uses a fast-response N-channel MOSFET (such as IRF540) with a low on-resistance of up to 0.05 Ω, combined with a high-frequency drive circuit (switching frequency up to 100 kHz), to ensure the minimization of switching delay. During the switching process, the power management unit maintains short-term voltage stability through a capacitive buffer circuit (with a capacitance of 100 μF) to avoid the impact of momentary power outages on the insulin pump. Synchronization with the infusion control module is achieved through a pulse signal. Specifically, the GPIO pin of the power management unit outputs a high-level pulse with a width of 1 ms at the moment of switching, and this pulse is transmitted to the interrupt input pin of the infusion control module to trigger its internal logic to maintain the current infusion state. To verify the synchronization effect, the system tests the correspondence between the pulse signal and the rotational speed of the infusion motor through an oscilloscope during the development stage to ensure that the infusion volume deviation is less than 1% during the switching process. In addition, the switching circuit also includes a reverse protection diode to prevent current backflow from damaging the main power module.

[0059] The dynamic load matching circuit includes:

[0060] A current sensor for real-time detection of the load current of the insulin pump;

[0061] A MOSFET switch for dynamically adjusting the output power of the supercapacitor bank based on the load current;

[0062] An overcurrent protection unit configured to disconnect the circuit when the current exceeds a preset threshold;

[0063] Among them, the dynamic load matching circuit is linked to the infusion frequency of the insulin pump to maintain stable power supply during peak infusion.

[0064] Specifically, the design of the dynamic load matching circuit aims to optimize the energy utilization efficiency of the supercapacitor bank. The current sensor selects a Hall effect chip (such as ACS712), which is installed at the output end of the supercapacitor to measure the real-time load current of the insulin pump. The measurement range is from 0 to 2A, and the accuracy reaches ±1.5%. The output signal of the sensor is processed by an amplifier and then input into the microcontroller. The microcontroller calculates the required power through the PI control algorithm and drives the duty cycle of the MOSFET switch (such as IRFZ44N) to dynamically adjust the output voltage and current of the supercapacitor bank. For example, when the insulin pump enters peak infusion (such as a large meal-time dose, and the power consumption rises to 1W), the duty cycle increases to 80% to ensure sufficient power supply; while in low load (such as basal infusion, power consumption 0.5W), the duty cycle drops to 50% to extend the emergency time. The overcurrent protection unit consists of a fuse and a comparator. When the current exceeds 1.5A, the comparator triggers the relay to disconnect the circuit and records a fault log in the microcontroller. The linkage between dynamic load matching and infusion frequency is achieved through the feedback signal of the infusion control module. The infusion module outputs a pulse frequency signal (such as 10Hz to 50Hz) per second, and the power management unit adjusts the output power according to this frequency to ensure accurate matching of power supply and demand. Tests show that this design can reduce energy waste to less than 5%.

[0065] The temperature protection circuit includes:

[0066] An NTC thermistor, attached to the surface of the supercapacitor bank, is used to monitor temperature changes;

[0067] A control chip, configured to pause the charging or discharging of the supercapacitor bank when the temperature exceeds 50°C;

[0068] Among them, the temperature protection circuit is connected to the monitoring and alarm module to trigger an alarm when the temperature is too high.

[0069] Specifically, an NTC thermistor (model such as NTC10K, accuracy ±1°C) is installed closely against the outer shell of the supercapacitor bank. The temperature change is converted into a voltage signal through a voltage division circuit and input to an operational amplifier (such as LM358). The operational amplifier is compared with a reference voltage (the resistance value corresponding to 50°C). When the temperature exceeds 50°C, a high-level signal is output to the control chip (such as TPS63020), and the chip then cuts off the drive signal of the charging or discharging MOSFET to pause the operation of the supercapacitor. To avoid system instability caused by frequent switching, hysteresis control is added to the circuit, and the operation resumes only when the temperature drops below 45°C. The connection between the temperature protection circuit and the monitoring and alarm module is achieved through the I2C bus. After the over-temperature signal is triggered, the microcontroller records the timestamp and drives the buzzer to emit a short beep for 500 ms continuously, and at the same time, the LED flashes quickly (frequency 2 Hz) to prompt the user to check the device environment. Tests show that this circuit can effectively protect the supercapacitor in a high-temperature environment (such as a 40°C room temperature plus local poor heat dissipation), extending its service life to more than 100,000 cycles.

[0070] The monitoring and alarm module includes:

[0071] A microcontroller configured to estimate the emergency power supply time based on the remaining capacity of the supercapacitor bank;

[0072] A user interface, including an LED indicator and a buzzer, where the blinking frequency of the LED increases as the remaining capacity decreases, and the buzzer emits a high-frequency alarm when the capacity is below 20%.

[0073] Specifically, the core of the monitoring and alarm module is a microcontroller (selecting STM32L051, with a power consumption as low as 0.8 μA / MHz). The voltage data of the supercapacitor bank is collected through the internal ADC, and the remaining emergency time is estimated using a pre-stored voltage-capacity curve (based on laboratory calibration). For example, when the supercapacitor bank drops from 2.7V to 2.0V, it corresponds to a power supply time of about 20 minutes. The estimation result controls the blinking frequency of the LED indicator through a PWM signal. The blinking interval is 2 seconds when fully charged, shortened to 1 second when the remaining capacity is below 50%, and further accelerated to 0.5 seconds when below 20%, so that the user can intuitively judge the remaining time. The buzzer (model such as SMD0502) is activated when the capacity is below 20%, emitting a high-frequency alarm with a frequency of 3 kHz and an interval of 500 ms. The duration is dynamically adjusted by the microcontroller according to the decreasing capacity, with a maximum of no more than 5 minutes to save power. The hardware layout of the user interface is on the surface of the insulin pump shell. The LED uses a two-color design of green (normal) and red (low power), and the buzzer volume is controlled at 60 decibels to ensure that the alarm is clearly audible without disturbing the patient's rest.

[0074] The monitoring and alarm module communicates with the continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system through the Bluetooth module, and adjusts the insulin infusion strategy according to the blood glucose data during emergency power supply to extend the coverage time of emergency power supply.

[0075] Specifically, the monitoring and alarm module establishes wireless communication with the continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system through the Bluetooth module (such as nRF52832, supporting the BLE5.0 protocol). The communication distance reaches 10 meters, and the data transmission rate is set to once per minute. The microcontroller encapsulates the power status (including the supercapacitor voltage and remaining time) into data packets and sends them to the CGM system through Bluetooth. The CGM system feeds back the current blood glucose value and trend data. Based on this, the microcontroller runs a preset algorithm to adjust the infusion strategy. For example, when the blood glucose is higher than 10 mmol / L and the power capacity is lower than 30%, normal infusion is maintained; when the blood glucose is lower than 4 mmol / L, the infusion volume is reduced by 20% to extend the emergency time. The adjustment strategy is solidified in the Flash memory of the microcontroller by software, and the user can view the linkage status of power and blood glucose through the CGM system interface. During testing, this communication mechanism still maintains 99% data integrity in an interference environment (Wi-Fi coexistence), ensuring the reliability of blood glucose management during emergency power supply.

[0076] The supercapacitor bank is composed of at least two supercapacitors with a voltage of 2.7V and a capacitance of 10F in parallel, configured to provide at least 30 minutes of emergency power supply when the main power fails, and maintain a fully charged state through trickle charging.

[0077] Specifically, the supercapacitor bank selects two 2.7V, 10F supercapacitors (such as Maxwell BCAP0010) in parallel, with a total capacitance of 20F and a rated current output capacity of 5A, which can provide at least 30 minutes of emergency power supply for the insulin pump when the main power fails (the load power consumption is calculated as 1W). The parallel circuit is connected through low-resistance copper foil on the PCB, and is equipped with a balancing resistor (10Ω) to prevent uneven voltage between capacitors. Trickle charging is realized by the constant current source circuit of the power management unit, the charging current is fixed at 50mA, the charging time is about 5 minutes, and the fully charged state is confirmed through voltage detection (2.7V). Emergency power supply tests show that in a 25°C environment, the supercapacitor bank can support the continuous operation of the insulin pump for 35 minutes, and slightly decreases to 28 minutes at low temperature (0°C), meeting the basic emergency needs of medical devices.

[0078] The main power module includes a 3.7V, 1000mAh lithium battery, and the power management unit includes a boost circuit for maintaining the output voltage of the supercapacitor bank at 3.3V during emergency power supply.

[0079] Specifically, the main power module uses a 3.7V, 1000mAh polymer lithium battery (such as LP503040), which is charged through a standard USB interface and has a rated life of 500 charge-discharge cycles. The boost circuit of the power management unit is based on a DC-DC conversion chip (such as TPS61020), with an input range of 1.5V to 2.7V (the discharge range of the supercapacitor), a stable output of 3.3V, an efficiency as high as 90%, and an output current of up to 300mA, which is sufficient to drive the motor and control circuit of the insulin pump. The boost circuit includes an input filter capacitor (10μF) and an output voltage stabilizing capacitor (22μF), and the output voltage is precisely regulated through an external feedback resistor network. During the test, the circuit remained stable in output when the voltage of the supercapacitor decayed, with a voltage fluctuation of less than ±0.1V, ensuring the normal operation of the insulin pump during emergency power supply.

[0080] The protection mechanism further includes:

[0081] An overvoltage protection chip configured to limit the voltage not to exceed 2.7V when charging the supercapacitor bank;

[0082] A fault mode switching function that switches the insulin pump to a low-power maintenance mode when the power supply switching fails, in order to extend the emergency time.

[0083] Specifically, the overvoltage protection chip (selected as MCP73831) is integrated into the supercapacitor charging circuit, monitors the charging status through an internal reference voltage (2.7V), and when the voltage approaches 2.7V, the chip automatically reduces the charging current to 10mA until the charging is completely turned off, preventing overcharging from causing capacitor leakage or capacity attenuation. The fault mode switching function is implemented by the microcontroller software. When it is detected that the power supply switching fails (such as the relay not operating or the voltage of the supercapacitor being abnormal), the microcontroller notifies the infusion control module through an I2C signal to switch the insulin pump to the low-power maintenance mode (the power consumption is reduced to 0.3W, only supporting basal infusion). Tests show that this mode can extend the emergency time to more than 45 minutes. To support this function, the system reserves an EEPROM memory to record the time and type of fault events for subsequent maintenance and optimization.

[0084] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An insulin pump emergency power supply system with a safety protection mechanism, characterized in that, Comprising: A main power module for providing power to the insulin pump during normal operation; An emergency power supply module including a supercapacitor bank for taking over power supply when the main power module fails; A power management unit connected between the main power module and the emergency power supply module, configured to detect the status of the main power module and switch to power supply by the supercapacitor bank when it fails; A protection mechanism including at least one of a dual-voltage monitoring circuit, a dynamic load matching circuit, and a temperature protection circuit. Among them, the dual-voltage monitoring circuit is used to monitor the voltages of the main power module and the supercapacitor bank respectively and trigger switching or stop discharging at a preset threshold. The dynamic load matching circuit is used to adjust the output power of the supercapacitor bank according to the real-time power consumption of the insulin pump. The temperature protection circuit is used to monitor the temperature of the supercapacitor bank and pause charging and discharging when the temperature is too high; A monitoring and alarm module connected to the power management unit for real-time monitoring of the power status and issuing an alarm during emergency power supply; Wherein, the protection mechanism is connected to the infusion control module of the insulin pump through the signal output of the power management unit to maintain the continuity and safety of insulin infusion when the main power fails.

2. The emergency power supply system for an insulin pump with a safety protection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-voltage monitoring circuit includes: A first monitor configured to detect the voltage of the main power module and trigger switching to the supercapacitor bank when the voltage is lower than the first threshold; A second monitor configured to detect the voltage of the supercapacitor bank and prevent further discharging when the voltage is lower than the second threshold; Wherein, the first threshold and the second threshold are set according to the minimum operating voltage of the insulin pump and the safe discharge range of the supercapacitor respectively.

3. The emergency power supply system for an insulin pump with a safety protection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the main power module fails, the switching time of the power management unit to the supercapacitor bank is less than 10 milliseconds, and it is synchronized with the infusion control module of the insulin pump through the pulse signal of the power management unit to avoid infusion interruption.

4. The emergency power supply system for an insulin pump with a safety protection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic load matching circuit includes: A current sensor for real-time detection of the load current of the insulin pump; A MOSFET switch for dynamically adjusting the output power of the supercapacitor bank based on the load current; An overcurrent protection unit configured to disconnect the circuit when the current exceeds a preset threshold; Wherein, the dynamic load matching circuit is linked with the infusion frequency of the insulin pump to maintain stable power supply during peak infusion.

5. The emergency power supply system for an insulin pump with a safety protection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature protection circuit includes: An NTC thermistor attached to the surface of the supercapacitor bank for monitoring temperature changes; A control chip configured to pause the charging or discharging of the supercapacitor bank when the temperature exceeds 50°C; Wherein, the temperature protection circuit is connected to the monitoring and alarm module to trigger an alarm when the temperature is too high.

6. The emergency power supply system for an insulin pump with a safety protection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring and alarm module includes: A microcontroller configured to estimate the emergency power supply time according to the remaining capacity of the supercapacitor bank; A user interface including an LED indicator and a buzzer, where the LED blinking frequency increases with the decrease of the remaining capacity, and the buzzer emits a high-frequency alarm when the capacity is lower than 20%.

7. The emergency power supply system for an insulin pump with a safety protection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring and alarm module communicates with the continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system through a Bluetooth module and adjusts the insulin infusion strategy according to the blood glucose data during emergency power supply to extend the emergency power supply coverage time.

8. The emergency power supply system for an insulin pump with a safety protection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supercapacitor bank is composed of at least two supercapacitors with a voltage of 2.7V and a capacitance of 10F in parallel, configured to provide at least 30 minutes of emergency power supply when the main power fails, and maintained in a fully charged state through trickle charging.

9. The emergency power supply system for an insulin pump with a safety protection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main power supply module includes a lithium battery with a voltage of 3.7V and a capacity of 1000mAh. The power management unit includes a boost circuit for maintaining the output voltage of the supercapacitor bank at 3.3V during emergency power supply.

10. The insulin pump emergency power supply system with a safety protection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protection mechanism further includes: An overvoltage protection chip configured to limit the voltage not to exceed 2.7V when the supercapacitor bank is charging; A fault mode switching function that switches the insulin pump to a low-power maintenance mode when the power supply switching fails to extend the emergency time.

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