Non-linear signal compensation method, device and system

Abstract

The invention provides a nonlinear signal compensation method, device and system, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining N first signals transmitted by a first terminal through network equipment, and compensating the nonlinear distortion of the N first signals through employing a first compensation model; the first signals are signals amplified by a power amplifier of the first terminal, and the non-linear distortion is used for indicating the non-linear distortion caused to the N first signals in the processing process of the power amplifier. According to the method, the problems of high cost, high power consumption and the like of nonlinear processing in the prior art can be solved, and the complexity of nonlinear processing can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a method, apparatus, and system for compensating non-linear signals. Background Art

[0002] A power amplifier (PA) can amplify low-power signals generated by a base station or a terminal to a power level suitable for long-distance transmission, and is a core component of wireless communication devices. When performing power amplification, the PA may introduce non-linear distortion, resulting in deterioration of the performance indicators of the transmitted signal. For example, the non-linear distortion caused by the PA may lead to a decrease in the error vector magnitude (EVM) and adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of the transmitted signal.

[0003] To address this problem, a non-linear compensation algorithm at the transmitting end can be adopted. Usually, traditional methods use digital pre-distortion (DPD) to perform digital pre-distortion processing on the signal before it enters the PA to compensate for the non-linear distortion generated by the PA.

[0004] However, when processing large-bandwidth signals, traditional methods will result in a relatively complex implementation of the hardware circuit connected to the PA, leading to problems such as high cost and high power consumption for PA linearization processing; moreover, traditional methods also require training pre-distortion compensation parameters, increasing the complexity of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method, apparatus, and system for compensating non-linear signals, which can solve the problems of high cost and high power consumption in existing non-linear processing, and can reduce the complexity of non-linear processing. In a first aspect, a method for compensating non-linear signals is provided. This method can be executed by a network device, or can also be executed by a component (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system, etc.) configured in the network device, or can also be implemented by a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the network device. This application does not make any limitations in this regard. The following description is given by taking a network device as an example.

[0006] The method includes: obtaining N first signals sent by a first terminal; the first signals are signals after being amplified by a power amplifier of the first terminal; N is a positive integer; compensating for the non-linear distortion of the N first signals by using a first compensation model; the non-linear distortion is used to indicate the non-linear distortion caused to the N first signals during the processing of the power amplifier.

[0007] Based on this solution, by performing non-linear processing at the receiving end (i.e., the network device), that is, performing non-linear processing on the non-linear signals received from the terminal at the receiving end, without being restricted by power, thus eliminating the need for a feedback circuit and significantly reducing the complexity of non-linear processing. Moreover, by performing non-linear processing at the receiving end, oversampling is not required, improving the efficiency of non-linear processing, reducing the cost, power consumption, etc. of non-linear processing, and can meet the development trend of miniaturization and portability of devices (such as terminals).

[0008] In a second aspect, a communication device is provided. The communication device includes a processing module and a transceiver module. The transceiver module is used to obtain N first signals sent by a first terminal; the first signals are the signals after the power amplifier of the first terminal performs amplification processing; N is a positive integer; the processing module is used to compensate for the non-linear distortion of the N first signals by using a first compensation model; the non-linear distortion is used to indicate the non-linear distortion caused to the N first signals during the processing of the power amplifier.

[0009] The second aspect is the implementation on the device side corresponding to the first aspect. The explanations, supplements, and beneficial effects regarding the first aspect also apply to the second aspect and will not be elaborated here.

[0010] In a third aspect, a communication device is provided, including a processor. The processor is coupled to a memory and can be used to execute instructions or data in the memory to implement the method in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect. Optionally, the communication device further includes a memory. Optionally, the communication device further includes a communication interface, and the processor is coupled to the communication interface.

[0011] In one implementation manner, the communication interface can be a transceiver or an input / output interface.

[0012] In another implementation manner, the communication device is a chip configured in a network device. When the communication device is a chip configured in a network device, the communication interface can be an input / output interface.

[0013] In a fourth aspect, a processor is provided, including: an input circuit, an output circuit, and a processing circuit. The processing circuit is used to receive signals through the input circuit and transmit signals through the output circuit, so that the processor executes the method in any possible implementation manner of any aspect.

[0014] In the specific implementation process, the above-mentioned processor can be one or more chips, the input circuit can be an input pin, the output circuit can be an output pin, and the processing circuit can be transistors, gate circuits, flip-flops, and various logic circuits, etc. The input signal received by the input circuit can be received and input by, for example but not limited to, a receiver. The signal output by the output circuit can be output to, for example but not limited to, a transmitter and transmitted by the transmitter. Moreover, the input circuit and the output circuit can be the same circuit, which is used as the input circuit and the output circuit at different times respectively. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific implementation manners of the processor and various circuits.

[0015] In a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided, including a processor and a memory. The processor is configured to read instructions stored in the memory, and can receive signals through a receiver and transmit signals through a transmitter to execute the method in any possible implementation manner in any of the above aspects.

[0016] Optionally, the processor is one or more, and the memory is one or more.

[0017] In a sixth aspect, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product includes: a computer program (which can also be referred to as code or instructions). When the computer program is run, the computer is caused to execute the method in any possible implementation manner in any of the above aspects.

[0018] In a seventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program (which can also be referred to as code or instructions). When it runs on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the method in any possible implementation manner in any of the above aspects.

[0019] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip system. The chip system includes one or more processors, which are configured to call and run instructions stored in the memory, so that the methods in the above aspects or any possible implementation manner of the above aspects are executed. The chip system can be composed of chips, or can include chips and other discrete devices.

[0020] Among them, the chip system can include an input circuit or interface for sending information or data, and an output circuit or interface for receiving information or data.

[0021] In a ninth aspect, a communication system is provided, including the aforementioned terminal device and network device. Optionally, the communication system can further include other devices that communicate with the terminal device and / or the network device. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1Schematic structural diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 Schematic flow diagram of a method for compensating a non-linear signal provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 Schematic flow diagram of another method for compensating a non-linear signal provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 Schematic flow diagram of yet another method for compensating a non-linear signal provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 Schematic composition diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 Schematic composition diagram of another communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] The technical solutions provided by the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) system, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD), Sidelink communication system, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication system, Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) communication system, 5th Generation (5G) mobile communication system or New Radio Access Technology (NR). Among them, the 5G mobile communication system can include Non-Standalone (NSA) and / or Standalone (SA). The technical solutions provided by the present application can also be applied to future communication systems. The present application does not make any limitation in this regard.

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system 100 to which embodiments of the present application are applied. The communication system 100 may include network devices, such as Figure 1 the network device 110 shown. The communication system 100 may further include terminal devices, such as Figure 1 the terminal device 120 shown. The network device 110 and the terminal device 120 may communicate via a wireless link.

[0026] Figure 1 Exemplarily, one network device 110 and one terminal device 120 are shown. Optionally, the communication system 100 may further include multiple network devices and / or multiple terminal devices.

[0027] The network device in the present application may be a device on the network side such as an access network or a core network device. The access network device is sometimes also referred to as an access node. The access network device has a wireless transceiver function for communicating with terminals. The access network device includes but is not limited to base stations (base station), evolved NodeBs (eNodeB), transmission reception points (TRP), next generation NodeBs (gNB) in a 5G mobile communication system, access network devices or modules of an open RAN (ORAN) system, satellites in an NTN communication system, base stations in a future mobile communication system, or access nodes in a WiFi system, etc. The access network device may also be a module or unit capable of implementing some functions of the base station. The access network device may be a macro base station, a micro base station or an indoor station, a relay node or a donor node, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Optionally, the access network device may also be a server, a wearable device, or a vehicle-mounted device, etc. For example, the access network device in vehicle to everything (V2X) technology may be a road side unit (RSU). Multiple access network devices in the communication system may be of the same type of base station or different types of base stations. The base station may communicate with the terminal or communicate with the terminal through a relay station. The terminal may communicate with multiple base stations in different access technologies. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technologies and specific device forms adopted by the access network device. In the present application, the access network device is simply referred to as the network device.

[0028] In this application, the device for implementing the functions of a network device can be a network device or a device capable of supporting the network device to implement such functions, such as a processor, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system, etc. This device can be installed in the network device or used in connection with the network device. In the technical solution provided in this application, the case where the device for implementing the functions of a network device is a network device is taken as an example to describe the technical solution provided in this application.

[0029] The terminal device in this application can be a wireless terminal device capable of receiving scheduling and indication information from a network device. The wireless terminal device can be a device that provides voice and / or data connectivity to a user, or a handheld device with a wireless connection function, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem. For example, the terminal device can communicate with one or more core networks or the Internet via a radio access network (RAN). The terminal device can also be referred to as a terminal, a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a mobile terminal, etc. The terminal device can be widely applied to various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle to everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart city, or satellite communication, etc. The terminal can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with a wireless transceiver function, a wearable device, a vehicle, an aircraft (such as a drone, a helicopter, an airplane), a hot air balloon, a ship, a robot, a robotic arm, or a smart home device, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the form of the terminal device.

[0030] In this application, the device for implementing the functions of a terminal device can be a terminal device or a device capable of supporting the terminal device to implement such functions, such as a processor, a circuit, a chip, a chip system, etc. This device can be installed in the terminal device or used in connection with the terminal device. In the technical solution provided in this application, the case where the device for implementing the functions of a terminal device is a terminal device is taken as an example to describe the technical solution provided in this application.

[0031] The access network device and / or the terminal can be fixed or mobile. The access network device and / or the terminal can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; it can also be deployed on water; it can also be deployed on aircraft, balloons, and artificial satellites in the air. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the application scenarios of the access network device and the terminal. The access network device and the terminal device can be deployed in the same scenario or different scenarios. For example, the access network device and the terminal device are both deployed on land; or, the access network device is deployed on land and the terminal device is deployed on water, etc., and no further examples are given.

[0032] In practical applications, multiple network devices can cooperate to assist the terminal in achieving wireless access, and different network devices respectively implement some functions of the base station. For example, the network device can be a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU), etc. The CU and the DU can be set separately, or they can also be included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). The RU can be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit, such as included in a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH).

[0033] In different systems, the CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may also have different names, but those skilled in the art can understand their meanings. For example, in the ORAN system, the CU can also be called O-CU (Open CU), the DU can also be called O-DU, the CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, the CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and the RU can also be called O-RU. Any one of the CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in the present application can be implemented by a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module. The CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, and RU can implement different protocol layer functions.

[0034] To facilitate the understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the terms involved in the present application are briefly described first. Optionally, the explanations of some terms can also refer to the explanations in the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standard protocol.

[0035] 1. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) MIMO can include Single-User MIMO and Multi-User MIMO.

[0036] Among them, Single-User MIMO can be understood as: multiple parallel data streams occupying the same time-frequency resources are sent to the same terminal device, or sent from the same terminal device to the network device.

[0037] Multi-User MIMO can be understood as: multiple parallel data volumes occupying the same time-frequency resources are sent to different terminal devices, or sent from different terminal devices to the network device using the same time-frequency resources. Multi-User MIMO can also be referred to as Virtual MIMO.

[0038] 2. Channel A channel is the medium or path through which a signal is transmitted from the sending end to the receiving end in a communication system. It is the physical carrier for signal energy and information transfer, and its core function is to carry the signal and introduce specific transmission characteristics (such as distortion, noise, interference, etc.).

[0039] The types of channels can include Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channels and fading channels.

[0040] Among them, the AWGN channel is an idealized channel type that only considers the Gaussian white noise superimposed during signal transmission and ignores other distortion factors (such as multipath, non-linearity).

[0041] Among them, the fading channel is a channel type in wireless communication where the signal amplitude / phase fluctuates randomly due to multipath propagation and environmental dynamics, and its core characteristic is the time-variation of signal quality.

[0042] It should be noted that the compensation method for non-linear signals provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applicable to the scenario of AWGN channels, or to the scenario of fading channels, or to the scenarios of other types of channels, without limitation.

[0043] It should be understood that the technical terms in the present application are only examples and not limitations. For example, with the evolution of technology, technical terms may also change. In the case of the same technical meaning, other technical terms should also apply to the present application.

[0044] In the related art, digital pre-distortion is completed at the sending end (or transmitting end) of the signal. For the uplink, it is stipulated that the transmission power of the transmitting end (such as the terminal device) is usually limited below a certain threshold (i.e., the PA power of the transmitting end is limited) to prevent interference with other communication systems or causing electromagnetic pollution.

[0045] Under normal circumstances, the predistortion function (or predistortion model) of the digital predistortion algorithm is established based on the nonlinear model of the PA. The power limitation of the PA at the transmitting end will cause significant changes in the dynamic characteristics of the PA, and the original predistortion model may fail. Compensation needs to be achieved through dynamic model adaptation, feedback circuit optimization, and hardware architecture upgrade.

[0046] However, when processing large-bandwidth signals, due to oversampling, the linearization process of the PA is relatively complex, resulting in problems such as high cost and high power consumption for the PA linearization process. Moreover, this scheme also requires training predistortion compensation parameters, increasing the complexity of the system.

[0047] In addition, in related technologies, a method of nonlinear interference reconstruction can also be adopted to eliminate the influence of nonlinearity based on matrix inversion at the receiving end. However, the algorithm of matrix inversion has a high calculation delay and is difficult to meet the real-time requirement. Especially when the parameters of digital predistortion need to be updated frequently, the high calculation delay leads to low update efficiency.

[0048] In view of this, the present application provides a method for compensating nonlinear signals. This method receives nonlinear signals at the receiving end and compensates for the nonlinear distortion of the nonlinear signals through a designed nonlinear compensation algorithm, which can be used to solve the problem of nonlinear distortion of nonlinear signals caused by the PA. This method can effectively overcome the problems in the prior art such as the complex feedback circuit caused by oversampling when processing large-bandwidth signals, high cost and high power consumption for the PA linearization process. The present application can reduce the cost of PA linearization, improve the efficiency of nonlinear processing, and reduce power consumption.

[0049] The following combines the corresponding flowcharts to elaborate on the solution provided by the present application in detail. It can be understood that in the interaction flowchart provided by the present application, different devices (such as terminal devices, network devices) are mainly used as the execution subjects of this interaction schematic to illustrate this method, but the present application does not limit the execution subjects of the interaction schematic. For example, the devices (such as terminal devices, network devices) in the schematic flowchart can also be chips, chip systems, or processors that support the device to implement this method, and can also be logic modules or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the device.

[0050] A unified explanation is made here. In the interaction process of the embodiments of the present application, the message or signaling interaction involved can adopt the messages or signaling in the standard, or can also be newly introduced messages or signaling. The embodiments of the present application do not make specific limitations on this.

[0051] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a method 200 for compensating nonlinear signals according to an embodiment of the present application. It can be understood that Figure 2 the terminal in Figure 1Any of the terminal devices therein may also refer to a device in the terminal device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.). The network device may be Figure 1 any of the network devices therein, and may also refer to a device in the network device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.). As Figure 2 shown, the method 200 includes the following steps: S210, the network device obtains N first signals sent by the first terminal. N is a positive integer.

[0052] Among them, the first signal is the signal after the power amplifier of the first terminal performs amplification processing. That is, the first signal is a non-linear signal. Exemplarily, the first signal may be a reference signal or a data signal, which is not limited.

[0053] In a possible way, for the network device to obtain N first signals sent by the first terminal, it can be understood that: the first terminal sends N first signals to the network device, and correspondingly, the network device receives N first signals from the first terminal.

[0054] Exemplarily, in a single-user MIMO scenario, N first signals are sent by the same terminal device (such as the first terminal) to the network device. Correspondingly, the network device can receive N first signals sent by the same terminal device (i.e., the first terminal). It can be understood that the N first signals occupy the same time-frequency resources.

[0055] In a possible way, for the network device to obtain multiple first signals sent by the first terminal, it can also be understood that: multiple different terminals send M first signals to the network device. Correspondingly, the network device concurrently (or simultaneously) receives the first signals sent by each of the multiple different terminals, so as to obtain N first signals sent by the first terminal. Among them, the first terminal is any one of the multiple terminals, that is, the multiple terminals include the first terminal. M≥N, and M is a positive integer.

[0056] Exemplarily, in a multi-user MIMO scenario, the network device concurrently (or simultaneously) receives M first signals sent by multiple different terminals through a multi-antenna array. The concurrent reception ability of the network device depends on the spatial division multiplexing technology, which uses the spatial dimension to distinguish the signals of different terminals. That is to say, in a multi-user MIMO scenario, the network device adopts the spatial division multiplexing technology to concurrently receive M first signals sent by multiple different terminals. It can be understood that the M first signals occupy the same time-frequency resources.

[0057] Optionally, in a multi-user MIMO scenario, after the network device concurrently receives M first signals sent by multiple different terminals, the network device performs non-linear processing on the first signals sent by each terminal, that is, compensates for the non-linear distortion of the first signals sent by each terminal. For example, taking the N first signals sent by the first terminal as an example, the network device may continue to execute S220 to compensate for the non-linear distortion of the N first signals of the first terminal.

[0058] S220. The network device uses a first compensation model to compensate for the non-linear distortion of N first signals.

[0059] Among them, the non-linear distortion is used to indicate the non-linear distortion caused to the N first signals during the amplification process performed by the power amplifier.

[0060] Optionally, the first compensation model may be a generalized memory polynomial (GMP) model, and the generalized memory polynomial model is a mathematical model that is the inverse function of the non-linear characteristics of the power amplifier.

[0061] Among them, the core mechanism of the generalized memory polynomial model is to reversely compensate for the non-linearity and memory effect of the power amplifier through mathematical modeling, and finally reduce the in-band distortion and out-of-band spectrum regeneration of the non-linear signal.

[0062] Optionally, the first compensation model may also be other models other than the generalized memory polynomial model, as long as it can compensate for the non-linear distortion of the non-linear signal, it belongs to the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application. Exemplarily, the first compensation model may also be a Volterra series model, a memory polynomial model and its variants (such as non-uniform time delay), a quasi-memoryless model (Wiener / Hammerstein), a dynamic bias reduction model, etc., which are not limited.

[0063] It should be noted that the signal input to the power amplifier at the transmitting end is a linear signal, and the signal output by the power amplifier at the transmitting end is a non-linear signal. In the prior art, non-linear processing is performed at the transmitting end (such as a terminal), and digital pre-distortion is used to perform reverse distortion processing on the linear signal input to the power amplifier at the transmitting end to compensate for the non-linear characteristics of the power amplifier.

[0064] However, the solution of the embodiments of the present application performs non-linear processing at the receiving end (that is, the network device), that is, performs non-linear processing on the non-linear signal received from the terminal at the receiving end, without power limitation, so there is no need for a feedback circuit, which significantly reduces the complexity of non-linear processing. And, by performing non-linear processing at the receiving end, oversampling is not required, which improves the efficiency of non-linear processing, reduces the cost and power consumption of non-linear processing, etc., and can meet the development trend of miniaturization and portability of devices (such as terminals).

[0065] Taking the first compensation model as the generalized memory polynomial model as an example, the specific process of the network device compensating for the nonlinear distortion of N first signals in the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below.

[0066] Exemplarily, as Figure 3 shown, the network device compensates for the nonlinear distortion of N first signals by using the generalized memory polynomial model, that is, S220 may specifically include: S310. The network device expands N first signals to obtain an expanded signal matrix.

[0067] Optionally, the network device may perform a generalized polynomial expansion on N first signals to obtain an expanded signal matrix.

[0068] Exemplarily, the expanded signal matrix satisfies the following expression: .

[0069] Wherein, represents the expanded signal matrix; K represents the nonlinear order; M represents the main memory depth, which is used to characterize the number of signal delay taps; L represents the cross memory depth, which is used to characterize the long-term memory effect; represents the transpose operation.

[0070] That is to say, each column of the expanded signal matrix is composed of a specific kml combination of , and can be expressed as: .

[0071] Wherein, each is an N-dimensional vector, so the expanded signal matrix has a total of N-dimensional vectors. Therefore, the dimension of the expanded signal matrix can be expressed as: , that is, the expanded signal matrix includes N rows and includes columns.

[0072] As an example, the network device may obtain the expanded signal matrix in the following manner.

[0073] Exemplarily, the network device obtains N first signals, and may convert the N first signals into an N-dimensional first signal sequence (or referred to as a nonlinear signal sequence), and the N-dimensional nonlinear signal sequence may be expressed as: .

[0074] Wherein, represents a non - linear signal sequence; N represents the length of the non - linear signal sequence; represents the nth non - linear signal in the non - linear signal, ; represents the transpose operation.

[0075] Furthermore, use to construct an N - dimensional column vector , then, from the N - dimensional column vector construct a matrix to obtain the above - mentioned extended signal matrix . Among them, the nth element of can be expressed as: ; among them, represents the modulo N operation, represents the absolute - value operation.

[0076] It should be noted that the above - mentioned method for obtaining the extended signal matrix is only an example of this application and does not constitute a limitation to this application. Other methods that can obtain the above - mentioned extended signal matrix all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0077] In addition, it should be noted that in the embodiments of this application, "sequence" usually refers to a set of discrete signal values arranged in time or space order in signal processing. Among them, if the signal sequence does not satisfy additivity or proportionality (or, homogeneity) in the system, it is called a non - linear signal sequence; if the signal sequence follows additivity and proportionality (or, homogeneity) in the system, it is called a linear signal sequence. This is uniformly explained here and will not be elaborated further below.

[0078] S320. The network device determines the first compensation coefficient according to the extended signal matrix.

[0079] Optionally, the network device can determine the compensation coefficient (i.e., the first compensation coefficient) of each row of non - linear signals according to the extended signal matrix. Exemplarily, the extended signal matrix includes N rows, then the network device determines the compensation coefficient of each row of non - linear signals in the N rows of non - linear signals.

[0080] Exemplarily, the network device can use a second - order adaptive algorithm to calculate the compensation coefficient of each row of non - linear signals in the N rows of non - linear signals. Of course, the network device can also use high - order polynomial modeling, machine learning models (such as CNN - BiSTM), conditional denoising diffusion models, and swarm intelligence optimization algorithms, etc., which are not limited. It should be noted that in practical applications, it is necessary to balance the model complexity, real - time requirements, and compensation accuracy. For dynamic channel scenarios, deep learning or diffusion models are preferably selected.

[0081] For example, the first compensation coefficient satisfies the following expression: ; Among them, represents the compensation coefficient of the nth row signal in the extended signal matrix, , the extended signal matrix, H represents the conjugate transpose operation, and -1 represents the inverse operation, represents the desired linear signal sequence.

[0082] That is to say, the network device can determine the compensation coefficient of each row of the N rows of non-linear signals (i.e., the first signal) through the above expression.

[0083] In the above expression, represents the desired linear signal sequence. Among them, the desired linear signal sequence refers to the ideal linear signal that is expected to be restored through algorithms or hardware compensation after passing through a non-linear or lossy system.

[0084] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, when the network device determines the first compensation coefficient for the first time, the desired linear signal sequence is known. Exemplarily, when the network device determines the first compensation coefficient for the first time, the desired linear signal sequence can be a pilot. A pilot is a known reference signal inserted into the signal stream in a communication system, which is used for the receiving end to perform real-time estimation and compensation of channel characteristics (such as fading, noise, multipath effects, etc.), so as to improve the signal demodulation accuracy and system reliability.

[0085] Furthermore, when the network device determines the first compensation coefficient for the second time and later, the desired linear signal sequence is the linear signal sequence obtained after the network device compensates the non-linear distortion of the previous non-linear signal. This is uniformly explained here and will not be repeated below.

[0086] S330. The network device uses the first compensation coefficient to compensate the non-linear distortion of the N first signals, and obtains N second signals.

[0087] Exemplarily, the network device can use the following expression to perform weighted summation of the first compensation coefficients of each row of the first signals in the extended signal matrix to compensate the non-linear distortion of the N first signals.

[0088] ; Among them, represents the nth linear signal in the linear signal sequence, represents the weighted sum of the first compensation coefficients of the nth row of the first signals in the extended signal matrix.

[0089] In S330, the network device performs a weighted sum of the first compensation coefficients for each row of non-linear signals (i.e., the first signals). In essence, it constructs an inverse model and adjusts the dynamic weights to cancel the non-linear effects, thereby effectively compensating for non-linear distortion.

[0090] In summary, by adopting the solution of the embodiment of the present application, through the generalized polynomial expansion of the received non-linear signals and the weighted sum of the compensation coefficients for each row of non-linear signals in the expanded signals to compensate for non-linear distortion, it can effectively overcome the problems of complex hardware circuits, high non-linear processing costs, and high power consumption caused by oversampling when processing large-bandwidth signals in the prior art, and reduce the costs, power consumption, etc. of non-linear processing.

[0091] In addition, by adopting the solution of the embodiment of the present application, it can also effectively overcome the problem that when pre-distortion processing is performed according to the signal peak growth factor in the prior art, the non-linear compensation effect on low peak-to-average ratio input signals with large power is not obvious. The solution of the present application does not require non-linear processing according to the peak growth factor, expanding the range of non-linear signals that can be processed.

[0092] Optionally, after the network device finishes executing S330, that is, after the network device compensates for the non-linear distortion of N first signals using the first compensation coefficients, N second signals are obtained. Among them, the N second signals are obtained after compensating for the non-linear distortion of the N first signals. As Figure 4 shown, the method further includes the following steps: S410: The network device obtains the bit error rate of the N second signals.

[0093] Among them, the bit error rate is a key indicator for measuring the reliability of data transmission in a communication system.

[0094] Optionally, the network device can obtain the bit error rate of the linear signals (i.e., the second signals) in the following two ways.

[0095] Method 1: The bit error rate can be deduced by combining a mathematical model and channel characteristics.

[0096] Exemplarily, the network device first establishes a modulation model and deduces a theoretical formula according to the modulation method (for example, binary phase keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK)). For example, the formula for the bit error ratio (BER) of BPSK under AWGN is: ; where is the complementary error function, is the ratio of bit energy to noise power spectral density.

[0097] It should be noted that if there is multipath fading or inter-symbol interference in the channel, the BER model needs to be corrected by combining the channel impulse response with an equalization algorithm (such as zero-forcing (ZF), minimum mean square error (MMSE)). For example, the system performance can be analyzed by the relationship between the BER curve and the number of receiving antennas.

[0098] Method 2: The bit error rate can be obtained through actual transmission tests.

[0099] Exemplarily, the transmitting end (such as a terminal) generates a pseudo-random binary sequence (such as a pseudo-noise code (PN)) as the original data. The transmitting end transmits the signal through a linear channel (without nonlinear distortion) and introduces noise or interference (such as AWGN, multipath fading). The receiving end (such as a network device) demodulates the received signal and restores the bit rate, compares the received data with the original data bit by bit, and counts the number of error bits. For example, the bit error rate can be calculated by the following formula: BER = (number of error bits / total number of transmitted bits) × 100%.

[0100] S420: The network device determines whether the bit error rate is less than or equal to a preset threshold.

[0101] Exemplarily, if the bit error rate is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the network device outputs N second signals, that is, outputs the linear signal after nonlinear processing. If the bit error rate is greater than the preset threshold, the network device performs the following steps, such as executing S430.

[0102] S430: The network device determines the desired linear signal sequence.

[0103] It should be noted that for the explanation of the desired linear signal sequence and the example of determining the desired linear signal sequence, reference can be made to the relevant description of S320 above, which will not be elaborated here.

[0104] S440: The network device re-determines the first compensation coefficient according to the desired linear signal sequence and the extended signal matrix, and re-uses the first compensation coefficient to compensate for the nonlinear distortion of the N first signals.

[0105] That is to say, if the bit error rate is greater than the preset threshold, the network device determines the desired linear signal sequence and re-executes S320 and S330 until the bit error rate is less than or equal to the preset threshold, and the network device outputs the linear signal after nonlinear processing.

[0106] It should be noted that in S320, the expected linear signal sequence is known, such as a pilot signal. In S430, the expected linear signal sequence is the linear signal sequence obtained after compensating for the nonlinear distortion of the previous nonlinear signal.

[0107] In the embodiments of the present application, since the behavioral characteristics of the power amplifier may change over time, the nonlinearity between the pilot signal and the subsequent nonlinear signal may not be exactly the same. Therefore, recalculating the first compensation coefficient using the linear signal sequence obtained in the previous time is more accurate than calculating the first compensation coefficient through the pilot signal. Therefore, through the iterative algorithm of S410 to S440 above, the performance of nonlinear processing can be improved and the accuracy of nonlinear processing can be enhanced.

[0108] It should be understood that Figures 1 to 4 The flowchart or scenario diagram shown is only for easy understanding and does not intend to limit the embodiments of the present application to the examples in the diagram. In fact, those skilled in the art can perform equivalent transformations based on Figures 1 to 4 the examples therein to obtain more implementation manners.

[0109] As described above in conjunction with Figures 1 to 4 , the communication method provided by the embodiments of the present application has been described in detail. Next, the device embodiments of the present application will be described in detail in conjunction with Figures 5 to 6 . It should be understood that the communication device of the embodiments of the present application can execute various communication methods of the foregoing embodiments of the present application. That is, for the specific working processes of the following various products, reference can be made to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0110] In the foregoing embodiments, the terminal device can execute some or all of the steps in each embodiment; the network device can execute some or all of the steps in each embodiment. These steps or operations are only examples, and the embodiments of the present application can also execute other operations or various deformations of the operations. In addition, the various steps can be executed in different orders presented in each embodiment, and it is possible not to execute all the operations in the embodiments of the present application. Moreover, the magnitude of the sequence numbers of the various steps does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0111] Figure 5 is a schematic block diagram of the communication device provided by the embodiments of the present application. As Figure 5As shown, the communication device may include a communication module 510. The communication module 510 may implement corresponding communication functions, which may be the internal communication function of the communication device or the communication function between the communication device and other devices. Optionally, the communication module 510 may also be referred to as a communication interface or a transceiver module. Optionally, the communication device further includes an expansion module 520, a compensation coefficient module 530, a non-linear processing module 540, and a demodulation determination module 550. The expansion module 520 to the demodulation determination module 550 may implement corresponding processing functions.

[0112] Optionally, the communication device further includes a storage module, which may be used to store instructions and / or data; each module in the communication device may read the instructions and / or data in the storage module so that the communication device implements the foregoing method embodiments.

[0113] In a possible design, the communication device may correspond to the network device in the foregoing method embodiments, or be a component (such as a circuit, a chip, or a chip system, etc.) configured in the network device. The communication device may be used to execute the steps or processes performed by the network device in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0114] Exemplarily, the communication module 510 is used to obtain N first signals sent by a first terminal, and the first signals are the signals after the power amplifier of the first terminal performs amplification processing; N is a positive integer.

[0115] The non-linear processing module 540 is used to compensate for the non-linear distortion of the N first signals by using a first compensation model; the non-linear distortion is used to indicate the non-linear distortion caused to the N first signals during the amplification processing by the power amplifier.

[0116] Optionally, the communication module 510 is specifically used to receive N first signals sent by the first terminal.

[0117] Optionally, as Figure 5 shown, the communication module 510 may include a separation module, and the separation module is specifically used to receive M first signals sent by multiple terminals and obtain N first signals sent by the first terminal from the M first signals. Among them, the multiple terminals include the first terminal, M≥N, and M is a positive integer. That is to say, the separation module may use the space division multiplexing technology to distinguish the signals of different terminals in the space dimension.

[0118] It should be noted that in the single-user MIMO scenario, the network device receives N first signals sent by the first terminal through the communication module 510. In the multi-user MIMO scenario, the network device uses the space division multiplexing technology through the separation module to concurrently receive M first signals sent by multiple different terminals.

[0119] In addition, the above example shows the deployment of a separation module in the communication module 510. Exemplarily, the communication module 510 may not be deployed with a separation module, but rather the communication module 510 has space division multiplexing technology to distinguish signals of different terminals using the spatial dimension.

[0120] In addition, the modules included in the above communication device are merely examples. In actual implementation, the communication device may include more or fewer modules than Figure 5 those shown, and each module may also have other names, as long as it can implement the functions of the communication device described in the embodiments of the present application, and no limitations are imposed.

[0121] Optionally, the communication device may include a communication module and a processing module. The communication module may be used to implement corresponding communication functions, such as receiving signal lights. The processing module may be used to implement corresponding processing functions, such as calculating compensation coefficients and compensating for non-linear distortion lights.

[0122] Optionally, the expansion module 520 may be used to expand N first signals to obtain an expanded signal matrix; the compensation coefficient module 530 may be used to determine a first compensation coefficient according to the expanded signal matrix; the non-linear processing module 540 may be used to compensate for the non-linear distortion of the N first signals by using the first compensation coefficient.

[0123] Optionally, the first compensation model is a generalized memory polynomial model, and the generalized memory polynomial model is a mathematical model that is the inverse function of the non-linear characteristics of the power amplifier.

[0124] Optionally, the expanded signal matrix satisfies the following expression: ; where represents the expanded signal matrix; K represents the non-linear order; M represents the main memory depth, which is used to characterize the number of signal delay taps; L represents the cross memory depth, which is used to characterize the long-term memory effect; represents the transpose operation.

[0125] Optionally, the first compensation coefficient satisfies the following expression: ; where represents the compensation coefficient of the nth row signal in the expanded signal matrix, the expanded signal matrix, H represents the conjugate transpose operation, -1 represents the inverse operation, represents the desired linear signal sequence.

[0126] Optionally, the non-linear processing module 540 may use the following expression to perform weighted summation of the first compensation coefficients of each row of the first signals in the expanded signal matrix to compensate for the non-linear distortion of the N first signals; ; wherein, represents the nth linear signal in the linear signal sequence, represents the weighted sum of the first compensation coefficients of the first signal in the nth row of the extended signal matrix.

[0127] Optionally, the demodulation determination module 550 can be used to obtain the bit error rate of N second signals; the N second signals are obtained after compensating for the non-linear distortion of N first signals. If the bit error rate is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the demodulation determination module 550 determines the desired linear signal sequence; the demodulation determination module 550 re-determines the first compensation coefficient according to the desired linear signal sequence and the extended signal matrix, and re-uses the first compensation coefficient to compensate for the non-linear distortion of N first signals.

[0128] The above is only an example, and the detailed steps or processes can refer to the description of the foregoing embodiments.

[0129] Figure 6 is another schematic block diagram of the communication device provided by the embodiments of the present application. The communication device can be a chip, a chip system, or a processor, etc. of a terminal device or a network device for implementing the above method. The communication device can be used to implement the method described in the above method embodiments, and specifically can refer to the description in the above method embodiments.

[0130] As Figure 6 shown, the communication device may include one or more processors 610. The processor 610 may also be referred to as a processing unit or a processing module, and can implement certain control functions. The processor 610 may be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, etc. For example, it may be a baseband processor or a central processor. The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, and the central processor can be used to control the communication device (such as a base station, a baseband chip, a user, a user chip), execute software programs, and process data of software programs.

[0131] In an alternative design, the processor 610 may also store instructions and / or data, and the instructions and / or data may be run by the processor 610, so that the communication device executes the method described in the above method embodiments.

[0132] In another alternative design, the communication device may include a communication interface 620 for implementing reception and transmission functions. For example, the communication interface 620 may be a transceiver circuit, an interface, an interface circuit, or a transceiver, etc. The transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver for implementing reception and transmission functions may be separate or integrated together. The above-mentioned transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver may be used for reading and writing code / data, or the above-mentioned transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver may be used for signal transmission or transfer.

[0133] Optionally, the communication device may include one or more memories 630, on which instructions may be stored, and the instructions may be run on the processor 610, so that the communication device executes the methods described in the above method embodiments. Optionally, data may also be stored in the memory 630. Optionally, instructions and / or data may also be stored in the processor 610. The processor 610 and the memory 630 may be provided separately or integrated together.

[0134] It should be understood that in a possible design, each step in the method embodiments provided in this application may be completed by the integrated logic circuit in the hardware of the processor or the instructions in the form of software. The steps of the method disclosed in combination with the embodiments of this application may be directly embodied as being executed and completed by the hardware processor, or executed and completed by the combination of the hardware and software modules in the processor. The software module may be located in a mature storage medium in the art such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, etc. This storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and combines its hardware to complete the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.

[0135] In one implementation, the communication device may correspond to the terminal device in the above method embodiments and may be used to execute each step and / or process executed by the terminal device in the above method embodiments. The processor 610 may be used to execute the instructions stored in the memory 630, and when the processor 610 executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor 610 is used to execute each step and / or process of the above method embodiment corresponding to the terminal device.

[0136] In another implementation, the communication device may correspond to the network device in the above method embodiments and may be used to execute each step and / or process executed by the network device in the above method embodiments. The processor 610 may be used to execute the instructions stored in the memory 630, and when the processor 610 executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor 610 is used to execute each step and / or process of the above method embodiment corresponding to the network device.

[0137] It should be understood that the above processing device may be one or more chips. For example, the processing device may be a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system on chip (SoC), a central processor unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a micro controller unit (MCU), a programmable logic device (PLD), or other integrated chips.

[0138] It can be understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable PROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory of the systems and methods described herein is intended to include but not be limited to these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0139] According to the method provided by the embodiments of the present application, the present application further provides a chip system, which includes one or more processors for calling and running instructions stored in a memory from the memory, so that the method of the embodiments of the present application is executed. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0140] Among them, the chip system may include an input circuit or interface for sending information or data, and an output circuit or interface for receiving information or data.

[0141] According to the method provided by the embodiments of the present application, the present application further provides a communication system, which includes the aforementioned network device and terminal device.

[0142] According to the method provided by the embodiments of the present application, the present application further provides a computer program product, which includes: computer program code, when the computer program code runs on a computer, the computer is caused to execute each step or process executed by the network device and terminal device in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0143] According to the method provided by the embodiments of the present application, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores program code, when the program code runs on a computer, the computer is caused to execute each step or process executed by the network device and terminal device in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0144] The computer-readable storage medium may be the aforementioned volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile memory and non-volatile memory.

[0145] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms and English abbreviations are all exemplary examples given for convenience of description and should not constitute any limitation to the present application. The present application does not exclude the possibility of defining other terms that can achieve the same or similar functions in existing or future protocols.

[0146] In the above embodiments, it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, it may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated in whole or in part.

[0147] In several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect coupling or communication connection of the devices or units can be in electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0148] It should be understood that in various embodiments of the present application, the magnitudes of the sequence numbers of the respective processes do not imply the order of execution. The order of execution of the respective processes should be determined by their functions and internal logics, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0149] In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the technical solution of the present application, and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A compensation method for non-linear signals, characterized in that, Applied to a network device, the method includes: Obtaining N first signals sent by a first terminal; the first signals are signals after amplification processing performed by a power amplifier of the first terminal; N is a positive integer; Compensating for the non-linear distortion of the N first signals by using a first compensation model; the non-linear distortion is used to indicate the non-linear distortion caused to the N first signals during the amplification processing performed by the power amplifier.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The first compensation model is a generalized memory polynomial model, and the generalized memory polynomial model is a mathematical model that is the inverse function of the non-linear characteristics of the power amplifier.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The compensating for the non-linear distortion of the N first signals by using the first compensation model includes: Expanding the N first signals to obtain an expanded signal matrix; Determining a first compensation coefficient according to the expanded signal matrix; Compensating for the non-linear distortion of the N first signals by using the first compensation coefficient to obtain N second signals.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein The expanded signal matrix satisfies the following expression: ； Among them, represents the extended signal matrix; K represents the non-linear order; M represents the main memory depth, which is used to characterize the number of signal delay taps; L represents the cross memory depth, which is used to characterize the long-term memory effect; represents the transpose operation.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein The first compensation coefficient satisfies the following expression: ； Among them, represents the compensation coefficient of the n-th row signal in the extended signal matrix, the extended signal matrix, H represents the conjugate transpose operation, and -1 represents the inverse operation, represents the desired linear signal sequence.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The compensating for the non-linear distortion of the N first signals by using the first compensation coefficient includes: Using the following expression to perform weighted summation on the first compensation coefficients of the first signals in each row of the expanded signal matrix to compensate for the non-linear distortion of the N first signals; ； Among them, represents the nth linear signal in the linear signal sequence, represents the weighted sum of the first compensation coefficients of the first signal in the nth row of the extended signal matrix.

7. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtaining the bit error rate of the N second signals; If the bit error rate is less than or equal to a preset threshold, determining an expected linear signal sequence; According to the expected linear signal sequence and the expanded signal matrix, re-determining the first compensation coefficient, and re-compensating for the non-linear distortion of the N first signals by using the first compensation coefficient.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4 or 5, characterized in that, The obtaining of the N first signals sent by the first terminal includes: Receiving the N first signals sent by the first terminal; or, Receiving M first signals sent by multiple terminals, and obtaining the N first signals sent by the first terminal from the M first signals; wherein, the multiple terminals include the first terminal, M≥N, and M is a positive integer.

9. A communication device, characterized in that, Including at least one processor, the at least one processor is coupled to a memory, and a program or instruction is stored in the memory. The processor executes the program or instruction such that the communication device is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program or instruction is executed, the computer executes the method according to any one of claims 1-8.

11. A communication system, characterized in that, Including the communication device according to claim 9.

12. A chip system, characterized in that, The chip system includes one or more processors, and the one or more processors are used to call and run instructions stored in the memory from the memory, such that the method according to any one of claims 1-8 is executed.

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