Interleaving method, de-interleaving method, equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an interleaving method, a de-interleaving method, equipment and a storage medium, and the interleaving method comprises the steps: under the condition that target information needs to be retransmitted, determining a target interleaving mode of a modulation order and a code rate when the target information is transmitted for the first time under the current retransmission frequency, the combination of the same modulation order and code rate at least comprises two different interleaving modes under different retransmission times; and on the basis of the target interleaving mode, performing interleaving processing on a bit sequence subjected to LDPC coding and currently retransmitted by the target information, and modulating and transmitting the bit sequence obtained after interleaving processing. According to the embodiment of the invention, an interleaving and de-interleaving scheme in LDPC coding modulation retransmission is realized, and the data retransmission performance can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of mobile communication technologies, and particularly to an interleaving method, a deinterleaving method, a device, and a storage medium. Background Art

[0002] In the fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G), there are mainly two types of Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) technologies: Chase Combine HARQ (CC-HARQ) and Incremental Redundancy HARQ (IR-HARQ). In CC-HARQ, the sender retransmits the same data packet as the initial transmission. The receiver performs soft combining on the initially transmitted data packet and the retransmitted data packet, and then transmits it to the decoder for decoding to improve reliability; at the receiver, the signals transmitted multiple times are superimposed and combined before decoding, and each transmitted data packet can be decoded separately. In IR-HARQ, the retransmitted data packet contains incremental redundancy information not present in the initially transmitted data packet. The receiver appends the obtained incremental redundancy information from the retransmission to the initially transmitted data packet and then transmits it to the decoder for combined decoding. Since the retransmission carries additional parity bits, the effective code rate is reduced. Additionally, IR has an additional coding gain compared to CC, but it requires additional complexity.

[0003] In wireless communication, to support higher transmission rates, modulation techniques with high spectral efficiency need to be adopted. 5GNR supports optional modulation schemes including QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, and 256QAM, and corresponding row-column interleaving schemes with different depths are specified for different modulations. A bit interleaving method for a type of LDPC code in the prior art interleaves the bit sequence e0, e1,..., e N-1 according to the modulation order M = 2 m into a row-column interleaver in interleaving mode Mode-m to obtain the interleaved bit sequence f0, f1,..., f N-1 as follows:

[0004] The first step: Read out N bits from the bit sequence e0, e1,..., e N-1 in sequence and fill them into the row-column interleaver of Mode-m as shown Figure 1 in order, row by row from left to right and top to bottom. Figure 1 In it, the depth of the row-column interleaver of Mode-m is m (i.e., m rows), and the number of columns is N / m;

[0005] Step 2: Read out N bits from the N / m columns in sequence according to the column order from top to bottom and from left to right, and form an interleaved bit sequence f0, f1, …, f N-1 . The above process can be expressed as:

[0006]

[0007] Currently, the 5G system only has a single row-column interleaving scheme for high-order coded modulation, and does not discuss the row-column interleaving scheme under the retransmission system. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an interleaving and deinterleaving scheme for LDPC coded modulation retransmission. Summary of the Invention

[0008] At least one embodiment of the present application provides an interleaving method, a deinterleaving method, a device, and a storage medium, which implement an interleaving and deinterleaving scheme for LDPC coded modulation retransmission.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application is implemented as follows:

[0010] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an interleaving method for LDPC coded modulation retransmission, which is applied to a sending-end device and includes:

[0011] In the case of needing to retransmit the target information, determine the modulation order and the target interleaving pattern of the code rate at the current retransmission times when the target information is initially transmitted, where at least two different interleaving patterns are included for the combination of the same modulation order and code rate at different retransmission times;

[0012] Based on the target interleaving pattern, perform interleaving processing on the LDPC-coded bit sequence of the current retransmission of the target information, and perform modulation and transmission on the bit sequence obtained after the interleaving processing.

[0013] Optionally, determining the target interleaving pattern of the modulation order and the code rate at the current retransmission times when the target information is initially transmitted includes:

[0014] According to the current retransmission times of the target information, the modulation order and the code rate when the target information is initially transmitted, look up the interleaving pattern table to obtain the target interleaving pattern of the modulation order and the code rate at the current retransmission times when the target information is initially transmitted; where the interleaving pattern table stores the interleaving patterns of different combinations of modulation orders and code rates at different retransmission times.

[0015] Optionally, the interleaving pattern table further includes the interleaving patterns of different combinations of modulation orders and code rates at the initial transmission; in the interleaving pattern table:

[0016] The interleaving pattern of the first type of combination of code rate and modulation order under the first retransmission is different from the interleaving pattern of the first type of combination under the initial transmission, and the code rate in the first type of combination is less than the first threshold;

[0017] The interleaving pattern of the second type of combination of code rate and modulation order under the first retransmission is the same as the interleaving pattern of the second type of combination under the initial transmission, where the code rate in the second type of combination is greater than the second threshold, and the first threshold is less than or equal to the second threshold.

[0018] Optionally, in the interleaving pattern table:

[0019] The interleaving pattern of the combination of the same modulation order and code rate under the second retransmission is different from the interleaving pattern of this combination under the first retransmission.

[0020] Optionally, in the interleaving pattern table:

[0021] The interleaving pattern of the first type of combination under the third retransmission is different from the interleaving patterns of the first type of combination under the first and second retransmissions;

[0022] The interleaving pattern of the second type of combination under the third retransmission is different from the interleaving patterns of the second type of combination under the first transmission and the first retransmission.

[0023] Optionally, in the interleaving pattern table:

[0024] Modulation order 2 m The depth q of the interleaving pattern of the combination with the code rate under each transmission is less than or equal to m, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 4.

[0025] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an interleaving method for LDPC coded modulation retransmission, which is applied to a receiving end device and includes:

[0026] Receiving the LDPC coded modulation signal retransmitted by the sending end device, determining the modulation order, code rate, and the current retransmission times of the LDPC coded modulation signal during the initial transmission, and determining the target interleaving pattern of the modulation order and code rate of the LDPC coded modulation signal during the initial transmission under the current retransmission times, where the combination of the same modulation order and code rate includes at least two different interleaving patterns under different retransmission times;

[0027] Demodulating the LDPC coded modulation signal to obtain the demodulated soft value information;

[0028] Based on the target interleaving pattern, performing interleaving processing on the soft value information.

[0029] Optionally, determining the target deinterleaving mode of the modulation order and code rate of the LDPC-coded modulation signal during the initial transmission at the current retransmission count includes:

[0030] According to the current retransmission count, modulation order, and code rate of the LDPC-coded modulation signal, look up the deinterleaving mode table to obtain the target deinterleaving mode of the modulation order and code rate of the LDPC-coded modulation signal during the initial transmission at the current retransmission count; wherein, the deinterleaving mode table stores the deinterleaving modes of different combinations of modulation orders and code rates at different retransmission counts.

[0031] Optionally, the deinterleaving mode table further includes the deinterleaving modes of different combinations of modulation orders and code rates during the initial transmission, where:

[0032] The deinterleaving mode of the first type of combination of code rate and modulation order during the first retransmission is different from the deinterleaving mode of the first type of combination during the initial transmission, and the code rate in the first type of combination is less than the first threshold;

[0033] The deinterleaving mode of the second type of combination of code rate and modulation order during the first retransmission is the same as the deinterleaving mode of the second type of combination during the initial transmission, where the code rate in the second type of combination is greater than the second threshold, and the first threshold is less than or equal to the second threshold.

[0034] Optionally, in the deinterleaving mode table:

[0035] The deinterleaving mode of the combination of the same modulation order and code rate during the second retransmission is different from the deinterleaving mode of this combination during the first retransmission.

[0036] Optionally, in the deinterleaving mode table:

[0037] The deinterleaving mode of the first type of combination during the third retransmission is different from the deinterleaving modes of the first type of combination during the first and second retransmissions;

[0038] The deinterleaving mode of the second type of combination during the third retransmission is different from the deinterleaving modes of the second type of combination during the first transmission and the first retransmission.

[0039] Optionally, in the deinterleaving mode table:

[0040] Modulation order 2 m The depth q of the deinterleaving mode of the combination with the code rate in each transmission is less than or equal to m, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 4.

[0041] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a transmitting-end device, including a transceiver and a processor, where,

[0042] The processor is configured to, when retransmission of target information is required, determine a target interleaving pattern of a modulation order and a code rate at the time of the initial transmission of the target information under the current retransmission times, where at least two different interleaving patterns are included for the combination of the same modulation order and code rate under different retransmission times; based on the target interleaving pattern, perform interleaving processing on the bit sequence after LDPC encoding of the current retransmission of the target information;

[0043] The transceiver is configured to modulate and transmit the bit sequence obtained after the interleaving processing

[0044] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a transmitting-end device, including: a processor, a memory, and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, where when the program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are implemented.

[0045] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a receiving-end device, including a transceiver and a processor, where,

[0046] The transceiver is configured to receive the LDPC-encoded modulation signal retransmitted by the transmitting-end device;

[0047] The processor is configured to determine the modulation order, the code rate, and the current retransmission times of the LDPC-encoded modulation signal at the time of the initial transmission, and determine a target deinterleaving pattern of the modulation order and the code rate of the LDPC-encoded modulation signal at the time of the initial transmission under the current retransmission times, where at least two different deinterleaving patterns are included for the combination of the same modulation order and code rate under different retransmission times; demodulate the LDPC-encoded modulation signal to obtain demodulated soft value information; based on the target deinterleaving pattern, perform deinterleaving processing on the soft value information.

[0048] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a receiving-end device, including: a processor, a memory, and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, where when the program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in the second aspect are implemented.

[0049] In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described above are implemented.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the interleaving method, deinterleaving method, device and storage medium for LDPC coded modulation retransmission provided by the embodiments of the present application implement an interleaving and deinterleaving scheme in LDPC coded modulation retransmission. Among them, under the combination of the same modulation order and code rate, the embodiments of the present application can adopt different interleaving and deinterleaving modes for different retransmission times, improving the flexibility of implementing interleaving and deinterleaving, enabling the embodiments of the present application to adopt appropriate interleaving and deinterleaving modes based on specific modulation techniques and / or code rates to improve the retransmission performance. Description of the Drawings

[0051] By reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below, various other advantages and benefits will become clear to those of ordinary skill in the art. The drawings are only for the purpose of showing the preferred embodiments and are not considered to be a limitation of the present application. Moreover, throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0052] Figure 1 It is an example diagram of a row-column interleaver;

[0053] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the embodiments of the present application;

[0054] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of the interleaving method for LDPC coded modulation retransmission according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0055] Figure 4 It is a flowchart of the deinterleaving method for LDPC coded modulation retransmission according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0056] Figure 5 It is a simulation schematic diagram of Example 1 provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0057] Figure 6 It is a simulation schematic diagram of Example 2 provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0058] Figure 7 It is a simulation schematic diagram of Example 3 provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0059] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of a transmitting-end device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving-end device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Figure 10 It is a schematic structural diagram of a transmitting-end device according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 11 It is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving-end device according to another embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0063] Exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present application can be more thoroughly understood and the scope of the present application can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0064] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects and do not necessarily have to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented, for example, in an order different from those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. The "and / or" in the description and claims means at least one of the connected objects.

[0065] The techniques described herein are not limited to NR systems and Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, and can also be used in various wireless communication systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), and other systems. The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably. CDMA systems can implement radio technologies such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. UTRA includes Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) and other CDMA variants. TDMA systems can implement radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). OFDMA systems can implement radio technologies such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolution-UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are parts of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). LTE and more advanced LTE (such as LTE-A) are new UMTS versions that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, and GSM are described in the literature from an organization called the "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in the literature from an organization called the "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2).The techniques described herein can be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, as well as for other systems and radio technologies. However, the following description describes the NR system for example purposes and uses NR terminology in most of the following description, although these techniques can also be applied to applications other than NR system applications.

[0066] The following description provides examples and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration set forth in the claims. Changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements discussed without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Various examples may appropriately omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components. For example, the methods described may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0067] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 FIG. shows a block diagram of a wireless communication system to which embodiments of the present application can be applied. The wireless communication system includes a terminal 11 and a network device 12. Among them, the terminal 11 can also be referred to as a user terminal or user equipment (UE, User Equipment). The terminal 11 can be a mobile phone, a tablet personal computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile Internet device (MID), a wearable device, or a vehicle-mounted device, etc. It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, the specific type of the terminal 11 is not limited. The network device 12 can be a base station and / or a core network element. Among them, the above base station can be a base station of 5G and later versions (for example: gNB, 5G NR NB, etc.), or a base station in other communication systems (for example: eNB, WLAN access point, or other access points, etc.). Among them, the base station can be referred to as Node B, evolved Node B, access point, base transceiver station (BTS), radio base station, radio transceiver, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), B node, evolved B node (eNB), home B node, home evolved B node, WLAN access point, WiFi node, or some other suitable term in the art. As long as the same technical effect is achieved, the base station is not limited to a specific technical term. It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, only the base station in the NR system is taken as an example, but the specific type of the base station is not limited.

[0068] The base station can communicate with the terminal 11 under the control of a base station controller. In various examples, the base station controller can be part of the core network or some base stations. Some base stations can communicate control information or user data with the core network via a backhaul. In some examples, some of these base stations can communicate with each other directly or indirectly via a backhaul link, which can be a wired or wireless communication link. The wireless communication system can support operations on multiple carriers (waveform signals of different frequencies). A multi-carrier transmitter can simultaneously transmit modulated signals on these multiple carriers. For example, each communication link can be a multi-carrier signal modulated according to various radio technologies. Each modulated signal can be transmitted on a different carrier and can carry control information (such as reference signals, control channels, etc.), overhead information, data, etc.

[0069] The base station can communicate wirelessly with the terminal 11 via one or more access point antennas. Each base station can provide communication coverage for its respective coverage area. The coverage area of an access point can be divided into sectors that only form a part of the coverage area. The wireless communication system can include different types of base stations (such as macro base stations, micro base stations, or pico base stations). The base stations can also utilize different radio technologies, such as cellular or WLAN radio access technologies. The base stations can be associated with the same or different access networks or operator deployments. The coverage areas of different base stations (including the coverage areas of the same or different types of base stations, the coverage areas using the same or different radio technologies, or the coverage areas belonging to the same or different access networks) can overlap.

[0070] The communication link in the wireless communication system can include an uplink for carrying uplink (UL) transmissions (such as from the terminal 11 to the network device 12), or a downlink for carrying downlink (DL) transmissions (such as from the network device 12 to the terminal 11). UL transmissions can also be referred to as reverse link transmissions, while DL transmissions can also be referred to as forward link transmissions. Downlink transmissions can be performed using an authorized frequency band, an unlicensed frequency band, or both. Similarly, uplink transmissions can be performed using an authorized frequency band, an unlicensed frequency band, or both.

[0071] Please refer to Figure 3 , the interleaving method for LDPC coded modulation retransmission provided by the embodiment of this application is applied to a transmitting end device, and the transmitting end device can be a network device or a terminal. As Figure 3 shown, this method includes:

[0072] Step 31, in the case of needing to retransmit the target information, determine the target interleaving pattern of the modulation order and code rate at the time of the initial transmission of the target information under the current retransmission times, where at least two different interleaving patterns are included for the combination of the same modulation order and code rate under different retransmission times.

[0073] Here, when the transmitting device fails to transmit the target information for the first time, it needs to retransmit the target information. For example, in the existing 5G system, it can usually retransmit 3 times. Among them, according to the adopted HARQ technology, the bit sequences after LDPC encoding of the target information for each retransmission may not be the same. In step 31, when the embodiment of the present application needs to retransmit the target information, the transmitting device determines the modulation order and transmission code rate determined when initially transmitting the target information and the current retransmission times of the target information, and then determines the target interleaving pattern (for ease of description, referred to as the target interleaving pattern) of the modulation order and code rate at the initial transmission of the target information under the current retransmission times.

[0074] In the embodiment of the present application, the transmitting device can maintain an interleaving pattern table locally. Different combinations of interleaving patterns under different retransmission times are stored in the interleaving pattern table. The combinations include modulation order and code rate. The modulation orders of two different combinations are different, or the code rates are different, or both the modulation order and the code rate are different. In step 31, when it is necessary to retransmit the target information, the transmitting device searches the interleaving pattern table according to the current retransmission times to determine the target interleaving pattern. Specifically, the transmitting device can search the interleaving pattern table according to the current retransmission times of the target information, the modulation order and code rate determined at the initial transmission of the target information, so as to obtain the target interleaving pattern of the modulation order and code rate at the initial transmission under the current retransmission times. More specifically, the combination of the modulation order and code rate at the initial transmission can be determined first. Then, search for the interleaving pattern of this combination under the current retransmission times in the interleaving pattern table, so as to obtain the target interleaving pattern.

[0075] Step 32, based on the target interleaving pattern, perform interleaving processing on the bit sequence after LDPC encoding of the current retransmission of the target information, and perform modulation and transmission on the bit sequence obtained after the interleaving processing.

[0076] Here, the transmitting device can perform modulation and transmission processing on the bit sequence obtained after the interleaving processing. The implementation here can refer to the existing technology, and the present application will not elaborate on this.

[0077] Through the above steps, the embodiment of the present application realizes an interleaving scheme in LDPC encoding modulation retransmission. Among them, under the combination of the same modulation order and code rate, the embodiment of the present application can adopt different interleaving patterns for different retransmission times, improving the flexibility of interleaving implementation, so that the embodiment of the present application adopts an appropriate interleaving pattern based on specific modulation technologies and / or code rates to improve the retransmission performance.

[0078] Optionally, the interleaving pattern table in the embodiments of the present application may further include the interleaving patterns of combinations of different modulation orders and code rates under the initial transmission. Before step 31, when the sending device initially transmits the target information, it may select an appropriate transmission code rate and modulation order according to factors such as the current channel state information, and then look up the interleaving pattern table to obtain the interleaving pattern of the combination of the modulation order and code rate during the initial transmission under the initial transmission.

[0079] As an implementation, in the interleaving pattern table:

[0080] The interleaving pattern of the first type of combination of the code rate and the modulation order under the first retransmission is different from the interleaving pattern of the first type of combination under the initial transmission, and the code rate in the first type of combination is less than the first threshold;

[0081] The interleaving pattern of the second type of combination of the code rate and the modulation order under the first retransmission is the same as the interleaving pattern of the second type of combination under the initial transmission, where the code rate in the second type of combination is greater than the second threshold, and the first threshold is less than or equal to the second threshold.

[0082] Optionally, in the interleaving pattern table, the interleaving pattern of the combination of the same modulation order and code rate under the second retransmission is different from the interleaving pattern of this combination under the first retransmission. That is to say, the interleaving pattern of each combination during the second retransmission is different from the different interleaving patterns used by this combination during the first retransmission. This is because when the second retransmission occurs, it indicates that the first retransmission still fails. At this time, other interleaving patterns are adopted to improve the receiving performance of the receiving end.

[0083] Optionally, if the second retransmission still fails, the third retransmission may be continued according to the interleaving pattern of the third retransmission. In the interleaving pattern table of the embodiments of the present application, the interleaving pattern of the first type of combination under the third retransmission is different from the interleaving patterns of the first type of combination under the first retransmission and the second retransmission; the interleaving pattern of the second type of combination under the third retransmission is different from the interleaving patterns of the second type of combination under the first transmission (i.e., the initial transmission) and the first retransmission. Through the above method, redundant information can be added at the receiving end or bit stacking can be used to improve the receiving reliability of the retransmitted information.

[0084] In addition, in the embodiments of the present application, the modulation order 2 m The depth q of the interleaving pattern of the combination with the code rate in each transmission is less than or equal to m, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 4.

[0085] It should be noted that there may not be an entry in the interleaving pattern table that is exactly the same as the actual code rate. In this case, the table can be looked up according to the entry that is closest to the actual code rate.

[0086] Please refer to Figure 4 , the deinterleaving method of LDPC coded modulation retransmission provided by the embodiment of the present application is applied to a receiving end device, and the receiving end device may be a network device or a terminal. This deinterleaving method is used to perform deinterleaving processing on the signal transmitted by Figure 3 the interleaving method. As Figure 4 shown, this method includes:

[0087] Step 41, receive the LDPC coded modulation signal retransmitted by the sending end device, determine the modulation order, code rate, and current retransmission times when the LDPC coded modulation signal is initially transmitted, and determine the target deinterleaving mode of the modulation order and code rate when the LDPC coded modulation signal is initially transmitted under the current retransmission times, where at least two different deinterleaving modes are included for the combination of the same modulation order and code rate under different retransmission times.

[0088] Here, the modulation order, code rate, and current retransmission times when the LDPC coded modulation signal is initially transmitted can be indicated by relevant indication information, and the embodiments of the present application do not make specific limitations on this. In the embodiments of the present application, the receiving end device may maintain a deinterleaving mode table locally, and the deinterleaving modes of combinations of different modulation orders and code rates under different retransmission times are stored in the deinterleaving mode table. Therefore, the receiving device can look up the deinterleaving mode table according to the current retransmission times, modulation order, and code rate of the LDPC coded modulation signal to obtain the target deinterleaving mode of the modulation order and code rate when the signal is initially transmitted under the current retransmission times. More specifically, the combination of the modulation order and code rate of the initial transmission can be determined first. Then, look up the deinterleaving mode of this combination under the current retransmission times in the deinterleaving mode table to obtain the target deinterleaving mode.

[0089] Step 42, demodulate the LDPC coded modulation signal to obtain the demodulated soft value information.

[0090] Here, for the specific demodulation method, reference can be made to the implementation of the prior art, and the embodiments of the present application will not elaborate on this.

[0091] Step 43, perform deinterleaving processing on the soft value information based on the target deinterleaving mode.

[0092] Here, perform deinterleaving processing on the soft value information according to the target deinterleaving mode determined in step 41. For example, write the soft value information into the target deinterleaver column by column, then read it out row by row, and then send the read data to the iterative decoder for decoding.

[0093] Through the above steps, the embodiment of the present application implements an interleaving scheme for LDPC coded modulation retransmission. Among them, under the combination of the same modulation order and code rate, the embodiment of the present application can adopt different interleaving modes for different retransmission times, improving the flexibility of interleaving implementation, so that the embodiment of the present application adopts an appropriate interleaving mode based on specific modulation techniques and / or code rates to improve the retransmission performance.

[0094] Optionally, the interleaving mode table further includes the interleaving mode under the first transmission for different combinations of modulation order and code rate.

[0095] Similarly, as an implementation manner, in the interleaving mode table:

[0096] The interleaving mode of the first type of combination of code rate and modulation order under the first retransmission is different from the interleaving mode of the first type of combination under the first transmission, and the code rate in the first type of combination is less than the first threshold;

[0097] The interleaving mode of the second type of combination of code rate and modulation order under the first retransmission is the same as the interleaving mode of the second type of combination under the first transmission, where the code rate in the second type of combination is greater than the second threshold, and the first threshold is less than or equal to the second threshold.

[0098] Optionally, in the interleaving mode table, the interleaving mode of the combination of the same modulation order and code rate under the second retransmission is different from the interleaving mode of this combination under the first retransmission.

[0099] Optionally, in the interleaving mode table: the interleaving mode of the first type of combination under the third retransmission is different from the interleaving modes of the first type of combination under the first retransmission and the second retransmission; the interleaving mode of the second type of combination under the third retransmission is different from the interleaving modes of the second type of combination under the first transmission and the first retransmission.

[0100] Optionally, in the interleaving mode table: the depth q of the interleaving mode of the combination of modulation order 2 m and code rate under each transmission is less than or equal to m, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 4.

[0101] In addition, it should be noted that there may not be an entry in the interleaving mode table that is exactly the same as the actual code rate. In this case, the table can be looked up according to the entry that is closest to the actual code rate.

[0102] Next, a specific example of the interleaving mode table of the embodiment of the present application and a simulation example after adopting the method of the embodiment of the present application are provided. In this example, it is assumed that both the first threshold and the second threshold are 0.6.

[0103] Table 1

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] The interleaving method provided by this example includes the following steps:

[0107] In the first step, for the bit sequence e0, e1, …, e after LDPC encoding N-1 According to the modulation order M = 2 m , during the first transmission, it is sent to the row-column interleaver of Mode-m for interleaving. The interleaved bit sequence f0, f1, …, f N-1 is sent to a 2 m -QAM high-order modulator to complete modulation and then transmit.

[0108] In the second step, assuming the first transmission fails, a first retransmission is performed. According to the high-order modulation coding scheme interleaving pattern table shown in Table 1, a row-column interleaver with a matching corresponding depth is selected based on the code rate and modulation order. According to the 5G protocol retransmission scheme, the bit sequence after LDPC encoding for the first retransmission is sent to the row-column interleaver of Mode-q (q = 1, 2, 4 … m) for interleaving. The interleaved bit sequence is sent to a 2 m -QAM high-order modulator to complete modulation and then transmit.

[0109] In the third step, assuming the first retransmission fails, a second retransmission is performed. According to the high-order modulation coding scheme interleaving pattern table shown in Table 1, a row-column interleaver with a matching corresponding depth is selected based on the code rate and modulation order. According to the 5G protocol retransmission scheme, for the bit sequence after LDPC encoding for the second retransmission is sent to the row-column interleaver of Mode-q (q = 1, 2, 4 … m) for interleaving. The interleaved bit sequence is sent to a 2 m -QAM high-order modulator to complete modulation and then transmit.

[0110] In the fourth step, assuming the second retransmission fails, a third retransmission is performed. According to the high-order modulation coding scheme interleaving pattern table shown in Table 1, a row-column interleaver with a matching corresponding depth is selected based on the code rate and modulation order. According to the 5G protocol retransmission scheme, for the bit sequence after LDPC encoding for the third retransmission is sent to the row-column interleaver of Mode-q (q = 1, 2, 4 … m) for interleaving. The interleaved bit sequence is sent to a 2 mThe high-order modulator of -QAM completes modulation and then transmits.

[0111] The effects of this example are further illustrated by several simulation example diagrams below.

[0112] Example 1: Under 16QAM, 5G-BG1 LDPC code, information length K = 4224, code length N = 12672, code rate R = 1 / 3. NMS decoding algorithm, number of iterations 40, normalization coefficient alpha = 0.75;

[0113] For the first transmission, the transmitting end sends coded symbols with a code rate R = 1 / 3 to the receiving end, and the interleaving adopts the Mode-4 interleaving scheme; for the first retransmission, the transmitting end sends coded symbols with a code rate R = 1 / 3 to the receiving end, and the interleaving adopts the Mode-1 interleaving scheme; for the second retransmission, the transmitting end sends coded symbols with a code rate R = 1 / 3 to the receiving end, and the interleaving adopts the Mode-2 interleaving scheme; for the third retransmission, the transmitting end sends coded symbols with a code rate R = 1 / 3 to the receiving end, and the interleaving adopts the Mode-4 interleaving scheme.

[0114] The Frame Error Rate (FER) performance curve of this example is as Figure 5 shown. Among them, the first transmission is consistent with the row-column interleaver adopted by the 5G protocol. The first retransmission has a gain of 0.7 dB compared with the interleaving scheme in the 5G protocol. The second retransmission has a gain of 1.1 dB compared with the interleaving scheme adopted by the existing 5G protocol. The third retransmission has a gain of 1.2 dB compared with the interleaving scheme adopted by the 5G protocol.

[0115] Example 2: Under 64QAM, 5G-BG1 LDPC code, information length K = 4224, code length N = 6336, code rate R = 2 / 3. NMS decoding algorithm, number of iterations 40, normalization coefficient alpha = 0.75;

[0116] For the first transmission, the transmitting end sends coded symbols with a code rate R = 2 / 3 to the receiving end, and the interleaving adopts the Mode-6 interleaving scheme; for the first retransmission, the transmitting end sends coded symbols with a code rate R = 1 / 3 to the receiving end, and the interleaving adopts the Mode-6 interleaving scheme; for the second retransmission, the transmitting end sends coded symbols with a code rate R = 4 / 9 to the receiving end, and the interleaving adopts the Mode-1 interleaving scheme; for the third retransmission, the transmitting end sends coded symbols with a code rate R = 1 / 3 to the receiving end, and the interleaving adopts the Mode-1 interleaving scheme.

[0117] The FER performance curve is as Figure 6As shown in the figure. The first transmission is consistent with the row-column interleaver adopted by the 5G protocol. The first retransmission has a gain of 6.2 dB compared with the first transmission. The third retransmission has a gain of 4 dB compared with the first retransmission. The interleaving scheme adopted by the third retransmission has a gain of 1.7 dB compared with the interleaving scheme adopted by the existing 5G protocol.

[0118] Example 3: Under 256QAM, for the 5G-BG1 LDPC code, the information length K = 4224, the code length N = 6336, and the code rate R = 2 / 3. The NMS decoding algorithm, with 40 iterations and the normalization coefficient alpha = 0.75;

[0119] For the first transmission, the transmitting end sends the encoded symbols with the code rate R = 2 / 3 to the receiving end, and the interleaving adopts the Mode-6 interleaving scheme; for the first retransmission, the transmitting end sends the encoded symbols with the code rate R = 1 / 3 to the receiving end, and the interleaving adopts the Mode-8 interleaving scheme; for the second retransmission, the transmitting end sends the encoded symbols with the code rate R = 4 / 9 to the receiving end, and the interleaving adopts the Mode-1 interleaving scheme; for the third retransmission, the transmitting end sends the encoded symbols with the code rate R = 1 / 3 to the receiving end, and the interleaving adopts the Mode-1 interleaving scheme.

[0120] The FER performance curve is as Figure 7 shown. The first transmission is consistent with the row-column interleaver adopted by the 5G protocol. The first retransmission has a gain of 8.2 dB compared with the first transmission. The third retransmission has a gain of 4.8 dB compared with the first retransmission. The interleaving scheme adopted by the third retransmission has a gain of 2 dB compared with the interleaving scheme adopted by the existing 5G protocol.

[0121] It can be seen from the above examples that compared with the interleaving schemes in the existing 5G high-order coding modulation retransmission system, the embodiments of the present application have equivalent or better performance under different retransmission times.

[0122] The various methods of the embodiments of the present application have been introduced above. Next, an apparatus for implementing the above methods will be further provided.

[0123] Please refer to Figure 8 , the embodiments of the present application further provide a transmitting end device 800, including: a transceiver 801 and a processor 802; wherein,

[0124] The processor 802 is configured to, when it is necessary to retransmit the target information, determine the target interleaving mode of the modulation order and the code rate of the target information at the time of the initial transmission under the current retransmission times, where at least two different interleaving modes are included for the combination of the same modulation order and code rate under different retransmission times; based on the target interleaving mode, perform interleaving processing on the LDPC-encoded bit sequence of the current retransmission of the target information;

[0125] The transceiver 801 is configured to modulate and transmit the bit sequence obtained after interleaving processing.

[0126] Through the above modules, the embodiment of the present application implements an interleaving scheme in LDPC coded modulation retransmission. Among them, under the combination of the same modulation order and code rate, the embodiment of the present application can adopt different interleaving patterns for different retransmission times, improving the flexibility of interleaving implementation, so that the embodiment of the present application adopts a suitable interleaving pattern based on specific modulation techniques and / or code rates to improve retransmission performance.

[0127] Optionally, the processor is further configured to: look up an interleaving pattern table according to the current retransmission times of the target information, the modulation order and code rate when the target information is initially transmitted, and obtain the target interleaving pattern of the modulation order and code rate when the target information is initially transmitted under the current retransmission times; wherein, the interleaving pattern table stores interleaving patterns of combinations of different modulation orders and code rates under different retransmission times.

[0128] Optionally, the interleaving pattern table further includes interleaving patterns of combinations of different modulation orders and code rates under initial transmission; in the interleaving pattern table: the interleaving pattern of the first type of combination of code rate and modulation order under the first retransmission is different from the interleaving pattern of the first type of combination under initial transmission, and the code rate in the first type of combination is less than the first threshold; the interleaving pattern of the second type of combination of code rate and modulation order under the first retransmission is the same as the interleaving pattern of the second type of combination under initial transmission, wherein the code rate in the second type of combination is greater than the second threshold, and the first threshold is less than or equal to the second threshold.

[0129] Optionally, in the interleaving pattern table: the interleaving pattern of the combination of the same modulation order and code rate under the second retransmission is different from the interleaving pattern of this combination under the first retransmission.

[0130] Optionally, in the interleaving pattern table: the interleaving pattern of the first type of combination under the third retransmission is different from the interleaving patterns of the first type of combination under the first retransmission and the second retransmission; the interleaving pattern of the second type of combination under the third retransmission is different from the interleaving patterns of the second type of combination under the first transmission and the first retransmission.

[0131] Optionally, in the interleaving pattern table: the depth q of the interleaving pattern of the combination of modulation order 2 m and code rate under each transmission is less than or equal to m, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 4.

[0132] It should be noted that the device in this embodiment is the device corresponding to the method applied to the sending-end device above. The implementation manners in the above embodiments are all applicable to the embodiments of this device and can achieve the same technical effects. The above device provided by the embodiments of the present application can implement all the method steps implemented by the above method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects. The same parts and beneficial effects as those in the method embodiments will not be specifically described in this embodiment again.

[0133] Please refer to Figure 9 , the embodiments of the present application further provide a receiving-end device 900, including: a transceiver 901 and a processor 902;

[0134] The transceiver 901 is configured to receive the LDPC-coded modulation signal sent by the sending-end device;

[0135] The processor 902 is configured to determine the modulation order, code rate, and current retransmission times when the LDPC-coded modulation signal is initially transmitted, and determine the target deinterleaving mode of the modulation order and code rate when the LDPC-coded modulation signal is initially transmitted under the current retransmission times, where at least two different deinterleaving modes are included for the same combination of modulation order and code rate under different retransmission times; demodulate the LDPC-coded modulation signal to obtain the demodulated soft value information; and perform deinterleaving processing on the soft value information based on the target deinterleaving mode.

[0136] Through the above modules, the embodiments of the present application implement a deinterleaving scheme for LDPC-coded modulation retransmission. Among them, under the same combination of modulation order and code rate, the embodiments of the present application can adopt different deinterleaving modes for different retransmission times, improving the flexibility of deinterleaving implementation, so that the embodiments of the present application adopt an appropriate deinterleaving mode based on specific modulation techniques and / or code rates to improve the retransmission performance.

[0137] Optionally, the processor is further configured to look up a deinterleaving mode table according to the current retransmission times, modulation order, and code rate when the LDPC-coded modulation signal is initially transmitted, so as to obtain the target deinterleaving mode of the modulation order and code rate when the LDPC-coded modulation signal is initially transmitted under the current retransmission times; where the deinterleaving mode table stores the deinterleaving modes of different combinations of modulation order and code rate under different retransmission times.

[0138] Optionally, the deinterleaving mode table further includes deinterleaving modes for combinations of different modulation orders and code rates in the initial transmission, where: the deinterleaving mode of the first type of combination of code rate and modulation order in the first retransmission is different from the deinterleaving mode of the first type of combination in the initial transmission, and the code rate in the first type of combination is less than a first threshold; the deinterleaving mode of the second type of combination of code rate and modulation order in the first retransmission is the same as the deinterleaving mode of the second type of combination in the initial transmission, where the code rate in the second type of combination is greater than a second threshold, and the first threshold is less than or equal to the second threshold.

[0139] Optionally, in the deinterleaving mode table: the deinterleaving mode of a combination of the same modulation order and code rate in the second retransmission is different from the deinterleaving mode of this combination in the first retransmission.

[0140] Optionally, in the deinterleaving mode table: the deinterleaving mode of the first type of combination in the third retransmission is different from the deinterleaving modes of the first type of combination in the first and second retransmissions; the deinterleaving mode of the second type of combination in the third retransmission is different from the deinterleaving modes of the second type of combination in the first transmission and the first retransmission.

[0141] Optionally, in the deinterleaving mode table: the depth q of the deinterleaving mode of the combination of modulation order 2 m and code rate in each transmission is less than or equal to m, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 4.

[0142] It should be noted that the device in this embodiment is the device corresponding to the method applied to the receiving-end device above. The implementation manners in the above embodiments are all applicable to the embodiments of this device and can achieve the same technical effects. The device provided in the embodiments of the present application can implement all the method steps implemented by the above method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects. Here, the same parts and beneficial effects as those in the method embodiments in this embodiment will not be specifically described again.

[0143] Please refer to Figure 10 , the embodiments of the present application also provide a transmitting-end device 1000, including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, and a computer program stored on the memory 1002 and executable on the processor 1001. When the computer program is executed by the processor 1001, it implements each process of the above-mentioned LDPC encoding modulation retransmission interleaving method embodiment executed by the transmitting end, and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here.

[0144] Please refer to Figure 11, Embodiment of the present application further provides a receiving end device 1100, including a processor 1101, a memory 1102, and a computer program stored on the memory 1102 and executable on the processor 1101. When the computer program is executed by the processor 1101, it implements each process of the above-described deinterleaving method embodiment of LDPC coded modulation retransmission performed by the receiving end device, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here.

[0145] Embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. A computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements each process of the above-described interleaving method and deinterleaving method embodiments of LDPC coded modulation retransmission, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here. Among them, the computer-readable storage medium is, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disc, etc.

[0146] It should be noted that in this article, the term "including", "containing" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without more limitations, an element defined by the statement "including one..." does not exclude the existence of another identical element in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0147] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-described embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform. Of course, it can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disc), and includes several instructions for causing a terminal (which can be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0148] The embodiments of the present application have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present application is not limited to the above specific embodiments. The above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the inspiration of the present application, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of the present application and the scope protected by the claims, and all of them fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An interleaving method for low density parity check (LDPC) coded modulation retransmission, applied to a transmitting end device, characterized in that, Including: In the case where the target information needs to be retransmitted, determining a target interleaving pattern of the modulation order and code rate at the time of the initial transmission of the target information under the current retransmission times, where at least two different interleaving patterns are included for the same combination of modulation order and code rate under different retransmission times; Based on the target interleaving pattern, performing interleaving processing on the bit sequence after LDPC encoding of the current retransmission of the target information, and modulating and transmitting the bit sequence obtained after the interleaving processing.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the target interleaving pattern of the modulation order and code rate at the time of the initial transmission of the target information under the current retransmission times includes: According to the current retransmission times of the target information, the modulation order and code rate at the time of the initial transmission of the target information, looking up an interleaving pattern table to obtain the target interleaving pattern of the modulation order and code rate at the time of the initial transmission of the target information under the current retransmission times; wherein, the interleaving pattern table stores interleaving patterns of different combinations of modulation order and code rate under different retransmission times.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein The interleaving pattern table further includes interleaving patterns of different combinations of modulation order and code rate at the time of the initial transmission; in the interleaving pattern table: The interleaving pattern of the first type of combination of code rate and modulation order at the first retransmission is different from the interleaving pattern of the first type of combination at the initial transmission, and the code rate in the first type of combination is less than the first threshold; The interleaving pattern of the second type of combination of code rate and modulation order at the first retransmission is the same as the interleaving pattern of the second type of combination at the initial transmission, where the code rate in the second type of combination is greater than the second threshold, and the first threshold is less than or equal to the second threshold.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein In the interleaving pattern table: The interleaving pattern of the same combination of modulation order and code rate at the second retransmission is different from the interleaving pattern of this combination at the first retransmission.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein In the interleaving pattern table: The interleaving pattern of the first type of combination at the third retransmission is different from the interleaving patterns of the first type of combination at the first and second retransmissions; The interleaving pattern of the second type of combination at the third retransmission is different from the interleaving patterns of the second type of combination at the first transmission and the first retransmission.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein In the interleaving pattern table: Modulation order 2 m The depth q of the interleaving pattern for each transmission in combination with the code rate is less than or equal to m, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 4.

7. A deinterleaving method for LDPC coded modulation retransmission, applied to a receiving end device, characterized in that, Including: Receiving the LDPC - encoded modulation signal retransmitted by the sending - end device, determining the modulation order, code rate, and the current retransmission times of the LDPC - encoded modulation signal at the time of the initial transmission, and determining the target de - interleaving pattern of the modulation order and code rate at the time of the initial transmission of the LDPC - encoded modulation signal under the current retransmission times, where at least two different de - interleaving patterns are included for the same combination of modulation order and code rate under different retransmission times; Demodulating the LDPC - encoded modulation signal to obtain the demodulated soft - value information; Based on the target de - interleaving pattern, performing de - interleaving processing on the soft - value information.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein Determining the target de - interleaving pattern of the modulation order and code rate at the time of the initial transmission of the LDPC - encoded modulation signal under the current retransmission times includes: Look up the deinterleaving mode table according to the current retransmission count of the LDPC - coded modulation signal, the modulation order and code rate at the initial transmission, to obtain the target deinterleaving mode of the modulation order and code rate of the LDPC - coded modulation signal at the initial transmission under the current retransmission count; wherein, different combinations of modulation orders and code rates in the deinterleaving mode table are stored with deinterleaving modes under different retransmission counts.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The deinterleaving mode table further includes deinterleaving modes of different combinations of modulation orders and code rates at the initial transmission, where: The deinterleaving mode of the first - type combination of code rate and modulation order at the first retransmission is different from the deinterleaving mode of the first - type combination at the initial transmission, and the code rate in the first - type combination is less than the first threshold. The deinterleaving mode of the second - type combination of code rate and modulation order at the first retransmission is the same as the deinterleaving mode of the second - type combination at the initial transmission, where the code rate in the second - type combination is greater than the second threshold, and the first threshold is less than or equal to the second threshold.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein In the deinterleaving mode table: The deinterleaving mode of the combination of the same modulation order and code rate at the second retransmission is different from the deinterleaving mode of this combination at the first retransmission.

11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the deinterleaving mode table: The deinterleaving mode of the first - type combination at the third retransmission is different from the deinterleaving modes of the first - type combination at the first and second retransmissions; The deinterleaving mode of the second - type combination at the third retransmission is different from the deinterleaving modes of the second - type combination at the first transmission and the first retransmission.

12. The method according to claim 7, wherein In the deinterleaving mode table: Modulation order 2 m The depth q of the deinterleaving pattern for each transmission in combination with the code rate is less than or equal to m, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 4.

13. A transmitting end device, characterized in that, It includes a transceiver and a processor, where The processor is configured to, when retransmission of target information is required, determine the target interleaving mode of the modulation order and code rate of the target information at the initial transmission under the current retransmission count, where at least two different interleaving modes are included for the combination of the same modulation order and code rate under different retransmission counts; based on the target interleaving mode, perform interleaving processing on the bit sequence after LDPC coding of the current retransmission of the target information. The transceiver is configured to modulate and transmit the bit sequence obtained after interleaving processing.

14. A transmitting end device, characterized in that, It includes: A processor, a memory, and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and when the program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

15. A receiving-end device, characterized in that, It includes a transceiver and a processor, where The transceiver is configured to receive the LDPC - coded modulation signal retransmitted by the sending - end device; The processor is configured to determine the modulation order, code rate, and current retransmission count of the LDPC - coded modulation signal at the initial transmission, and determine the target deinterleaving mode of the modulation order and code rate of the LDPC - coded modulation signal at the initial transmission under the current retransmission count, where at least two different deinterleaving modes are included for the combination of the same modulation order and code rate under different retransmission counts; demodulate the LDPC - coded modulation signal to obtain demodulated soft - value information; based on the target deinterleaving mode, perform deinterleaving processing on the soft - value information.

16. A receiving-end device, characterized in that, It includes: A processor, a memory, and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the program, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method according to any one of claims 7 to 12.

17. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, the computer program, when executed by a processor, implementing the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or implementing the steps of the method according to any one of claims 7 to 12.

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