Reference signal aggregation for radio frequency sensing

Abstract

A first wireless node may output a configuration of a plurality of reference signals (RSs) based on a set of sensing measurement conditions. These sensing measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, angle of arrival (AoA) measurement, angle of departure (AoD) measurement, or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sensing opportunities for radar sensing. The second wireless node may obtain the configuration of the plurality of RSs. The first wireless node may transmit the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing based on the configuration. The second wireless node may receive the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing based on the configuration. The second wireless node may perform the radar sensing based on the received plurality of RSs.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Non - Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 061,877, entitled "REFERENCE SIGNAL AGGREGATION FOR RADIO FREQUENCY SENSING", filed on December 5, 2022, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure generally relates to communication systems and, more particularly, to wireless sensing systems. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. A typical wireless communication system may employ multiple access techniques capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access techniques include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single - Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC - FDMA) systems, and Time - Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD - SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access techniques have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the urban, national, regional, and even global levels. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continuous evolution of mobile broadband promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine - type communication (mMTC), and ultra - reliable low - latency communication (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long - Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. In addition, these improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access techniques and telecommunication standards that employ these techniques. Summary of the Invention

[0006] A simplified summary of one or more aspects is presented below in order to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. This summary neither identifies key or critical elements of all aspects nor describes the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may include a wireless node. The wireless node may include a sensing node, such as a user equipment (UE) or a network node. The apparatus may obtain a configuration of a plurality of reference signals (RSs) based on a set of sensing measurement conditions. The set of sensing measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, angle-of-arrival (AoA) measurement, angle-of-departure (AoD) measurement, or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sensing opportunity for radar sensing. The apparatus may receive the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing based on the configuration. The apparatus may perform the radar sensing based on the received plurality of RSs.

[0008] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may include a wireless node. The wireless node may include an RS transmitting node, such as a network node. The apparatus may output a configuration of a plurality of RSs based on a set of sensing measurement conditions. The set of sensing measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, angle-of-arrival (AoA) measurement, angle-of-departure (AoD) measurement, or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sensing opportunity for radar sensing. The apparatus may transmit the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing based on the configuration.

[0009] To achieve the foregoing and related purposes, one or more aspects may include the features described in detail hereinafter and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the drawings set forth in detail some illustrative features of one or more aspects. However, these features indicate only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0011] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of a downlink (DL) channel within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of an uplink (UL) channel within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 3 It is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0016] Figure 4 It is a diagram illustrating an example of positioning based on reference signal (RS) measurement.

[0017] Figure 5 It is a diagram illustrating an example of sensing based on RS measurement.

[0018] Figure 6 It is a connection flowchart illustrating an example of bistatic sensing.

[0019] Figure 7 It is a connection flowchart illustrating an example of monostatic sensing.

[0020] Figure 8 It is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0021] Figure 9 It is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0022] Figure 10 It is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0023] Figure 11 It is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0024] Figure 12 It is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example device and / or network entity.

[0025] Figure 13 It is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity.

[0026] Figure 14 It is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity. Detailed implementation

[0027] A wireless node may be configured to sense a parameter of a target object (e.g., the position or speed of the target object) by transmitting a signal such that the signal is reflected from the target object and then measuring the reflected signal reflected from the target object. Such sensing may be referred to as monostatic sensing, where the wireless node transmits the signal and the same wireless node measures the reflected signal. Such sensing may be referred to as bistatic sensing, where the wireless node transmits the signal and a second wireless node measures the reflected signal. Such sensing may be referred to as multistatic sensing, where a set of wireless nodes may transmit a set of signals and a set of wireless nodes may measure a set of the reflected signals.

[0028] Implementing new dedicated sensing signals in a wireless system, where the dedicated sensing signals can be used to sense parameters of a target object, can introduce overhead to the wireless system. For example, the wireless system may use more bits to distinguish the dedicated sensing signals from other signals already used by the wireless system, or the sensing signals may interfere with other signals already used by the wireless system. Using existing reference signals (RS) used by the wireless system to perform sensing can be more efficient, especially for bistatic or multistatic sensing that utilizes multiple wireless nodes. For example, a wireless node may use a positioning reference signal (PRS), a tracking reference signal (TRS), a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (RS) (CSI-RS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), or a synchronization signal block (SSB) for sensing. The SSB may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). As used herein, the RS may include any radio frequency (RF) RS that is not a dedicated sensing signal, such as PRS, TRS, CSI-RS, SRS, or SSB. Utilizing existing RS minimizes the introduction of overhead because no additional bits are used to implement a new dedicated signal. In addition, the existing RS can be used to perform both sensing and additional tasks. For example, the SSB can be used to perform sensing and also enable a UE to detect the PCI of an adjacent cell, and the PRS can be used to perform sensing and also enable a UE to perform positioning relative to a TRP or another UE.

[0029] Depending on the type of sensing measurement, some RS may result in better sensing measurement performance compared to other RS. For example, a set of PRS without phase continuity may not be useful for performing speed estimation on a target object, but a set of PRS with phase continuity may be useful for performing speed estimation on a target object. A set of sensing measurement conditions can be used to determine which RS can be the best RS for sensing measurements. The sensing measurement conditions can be limitations or requirements for the sensing measurement to accurately sense or measure the parameters of the target object. A first wireless node may output a configuration of multiple RS based on the set of sensing measurement conditions. The sensing measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, speed resolution, maximum speed, speed range, angle of arrival (AoA) measurement, angle of departure (AoD) measurement, or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sensing timing for radar sensing. A second wireless node may obtain the configuration of the multiple RS. The first wireless node may transmit the multiple RS for radar sensing based on the configuration. The second wireless node may receive the multiple RS for radar sensing based on the configuration. The second wireless node may perform radar sensing based on the received multiple RS. The first wireless node may be an RS transmitting node, and the second wireless node may be a sensing node performing bistatic sensing. The first wireless node and the second wireless node may be the same wireless node performing monostatic sensing.

[0030] The following detailed description set forth in connection with the accompanying drawings is a description of various configurations and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. To provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the detailed description includes specific details. However, the concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0031] Certain aspects of a telecommunications system are presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using either electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether an element is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0032] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a "processing system" that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a system on a chip (SoC), a baseband processor, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), a state machine, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software should be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof, regardless of whether it is referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0033] Thus, in one or more example aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored or encoded on a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or code. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. For example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium capable of storing computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0034] Although aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases are described by way of illustration of some examples in this application, additional or different aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases may arise in many different arrangements and scenarios. The aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases may be embodied via integrated chips and other non-module-component-based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchase devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled devices, etc.). Although some examples may or may not be specifically targeted at use cases or applications, the examples described may have broad applicability. Aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases may range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level embodiments, and further to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more of the technologies herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating the aspects and features described may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The techniques described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated components, or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and constitutions.

[0035] The deployment of a communication system such as a 5G NR system can be arranged in various ways with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, mobility elements of the network, radio access network (RAN) nodes, core network nodes, network elements, or network equipment (such as a base station (BS)) or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functions may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), transmit receive point (TRP), or cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as a stand-alone BS or monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.

[0036] A centralized base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A split base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed among one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0037] Base station operation or network design may consider the aggregated characteristics of base station functionality. For example, a split base station may be used in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN, such as a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Splitting may include distributing functions across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functions of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. The various units of a split base station or a split RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0038] Figure 1 FIG. 100 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a split base station architecture. The split base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110, which may communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more split base station units, such as a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. The CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via a respective midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. The DU 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via a respective fronthaul link. The RU 140 may communicate with a respective UE 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some embodiments, the UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0039] Each unit (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and the near RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces that are configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units may include a wired interface that is configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, the units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) that is configured to receive and / or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium.

[0040] In some aspects, CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include Radio Resource Control (RRC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 110. CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, CU 110 may be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0041] DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, DU 130 may host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high Physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, and demodulation, etc.) at least in part according to a functional split (such as those defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, DU 130 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 130 or with control functions hosted by CU 110.

[0042] The lower layer functions can be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, the RUs 140 controlled by the DU 130 can correspond to logical nodes that host RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.) or both, at least in part based on function splitting (such as lower layer function splitting). In such an architecture, the RU 140 can be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some embodiments, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of the control plane and user plane communication with the RU 140 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration enables the implementation of the DU 130 and CU 110 in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0043] The SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the RAN deployment and orchestration of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, and these dedicated physical resources can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as the Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, the CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near RT RIC 125. In some embodiments, the SMO framework 105 can communicate with the hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some embodiments, the SMO framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 can also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105.

[0044] The non-RT RIC 115 can be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 125 (such as via the A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 125 can be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via the E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and the O-eNB to the near-RT RIC 125.

[0045] In some embodiments, to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 can receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and can be received from non-network data sources or from network functions at the SMO framework 105 or at the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 can be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 can monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ an AI / ML model to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 105 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0046] At least one of CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 may be referred to as base station 102. Thus, base station 102 may include one or more of CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dashed line to indicate that each component may or may not be included in base station 102). Base station 102 provides an access point to core network 120 for UE 104. Base station 102 may include macro cells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base stations). Small cells include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. A network including both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB) that may provide services to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include an uplink (UL) (also referred to as a reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or a downlink (DL) (also referred to as a forward link) transmission from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may pass through one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in carrier aggregation with a total of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, etc.). These carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric for DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL compared to UL). Component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carriers may be referred to as secondary cells (SCells).

[0047] Some UEs 104 may use device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158 to communicate with each other. D2D communication link 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0048] The wireless communication system may further include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with the UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, e.g., in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0049] The electromagnetic spectrum is generally subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as Frequency Range Designation FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). Although a part of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, in various documents and articles, FR1 is generally referred to (interchangeably) as the "sub-6 GHz" band. Regarding FR2, a similar naming issue sometimes occurs, which is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although it is different from the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz) identified by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as the "millimeter wave" band.

[0050] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as Frequency Range Designation FR3 (7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz). The bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus can effectively extend the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to the mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as Frequency Range Designation FR2-2 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz - 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). Each of these higher bands falls within the EHF band.

[0051] Considering the above aspects, unless otherwise specifically stated, if the term "sub-6 GHz" etc. is used herein, it may broadly represent frequencies that can be less than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specifically stated, if the term "millimeter wave" etc. is used herein, it may broadly represent frequencies that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or can be within the EHF band.

[0052] Base station 102 and UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. Base station 102 may transmit beamformed signal 182 to UE 104 in one or more transmission directions. UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from base station 102 in one or more reception directions. UE 104 may also transmit beamformed signal 184 to base station 102 in one or more transmission directions. Base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from UE 104 in one or more reception directions. Base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the optimal reception and transmission directions for each of base station 102 / UE 104. The transmission direction and reception direction of base station 102 may be the same or may not be the same. The transmission direction and reception direction of UE 104 may be the same or may not be the same.

[0053] Base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as gNB, Node B, eNB, access point, base station transceiver, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), transmission reception point (TRP), network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable term. Base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, relay node, sidelink node, a converged (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including CU and DU) and RU, or be implemented as a decomposed base station including one or more of CU, DU, and / or RU. A set of base stations including decomposed base stations and / or converged base stations may be referred to as next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0054] The core network 120 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, a Session Management Function (SMF) 162, a User Plane Function (UPF) 163, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more Location Servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is a control node that processes signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports the generation of Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity handling, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more Location Servers 168 are illustrated as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, in general, one or more Location Servers 168 may include one or more location / locationing servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, LMF 166, a Position Determination Entity (PDE), a Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), etc. The GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE location information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and the UE 104 via the AMF 161 to calculate the location of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more positioning methods to determine the location of the UE 104. Positioning the UE 104 may involve signal measurements, position estimation, and an optional speed calculation based on these measurements. The signal measurements may be performed by the UE 104 and / or the base station 102 serving the UE 104. The measured signals may be based on a Satellite Positioning System (SPS) 170 (e.g., a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), or one or more of other satellite positioning / locationing systems), LTE signals, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a Terrestrial Beacon System (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), an NR Enhanced Cell ID (NR E-CID) method, NR signals (e.g., multi-round-trip time (multi-RTT), DL Angle of Departure (DL-AoD), DL Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDOA), UL Time Difference of Arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL Angle of Arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or one or more of other systems / signals / sensors.

[0055] Examples of the UE 104 include cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet computers, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, air pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other device with similar functionality. Some of the UEs in the UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, air pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). The UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, cellular phone, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable term. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation. One or more of these devices may access the network jointly and / or access the network individually.

[0056] Referring again to Figure 1 , in some aspects, the UE 104 may have a sensing component 198 that may be configured to receive a configuration of multiple reference signals (RSs) based on a set of sensed measurement conditions. The set of sensed measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, angle of arrival (AoA) measurement, angle of departure (AoD) measurement, or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sensing opportunity for radar sensing. The sensing component 198 may be configured to receive multiple RSs for radar sensing based on the configuration. The sensing component 198 may be configured to perform radar sensing based on the received multiple RSs. In some aspects, the base station 102 may have an RS transmitting component 199 that may be configured to transmit a configuration of multiple RSs based on a set of sensed measurement conditions. The set of sensed measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity for radar sensing. The RS transmitting component 199 may be configured to transmit multiple RSs for radar sensing based on the configuration. Although the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may apply to other similar domains, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other radio frequency (RF) technologies.

[0057] Figure 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a first subframe within the 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2BFIG. 230 is an illustration example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C FIG. 250 is an illustration example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D FIG. 280 is an illustration example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure can be frequency division duplexing (FDD) (where for a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), the subframes within that set of subcarriers are dedicated to DL or UL), or can be time division duplexing (TDD) (where for a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), the subframes within that set of subcarriers are dedicated to both DL and UL). In Figure 2A 、 Figure 2C the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (where most are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexibly usable between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (where all are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28 respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0 - 61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are all - DL and all - UL respectively. The other slot formats 2 - 61 include a mixture of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with the slot format by receiving a slot format indicator (SFI) (configured dynamically via DL control information (DCI) or semi - statically / statically via radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0058] Figures 2A to 2D An example of a frame structure is illustrated, and aspects of the present disclosure can be applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. One frame (10 ms) can be divided into 10 equal - sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe can include one or more time slots. A subframe can also include mini - slots, which can include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot can include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For normal CP, each time slot can include 14 symbols, and for extended CP, each time slot can include 12 symbols. The symbols on the DL can be cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP - OFDM) symbols. The symbols on the UL can be CP - OFDM symbols (for high - throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT - s - OFDM) symbols (for power - limited scenarios; limited to single - stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the CP and the parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). The symbol length / duration can be scaled with 1 / SCS.

[0059]

[0060] Table 1: Parameter sets, SCS, and CP

[0061] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets μ0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Thus, for normal CP and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2μ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2μ * 15 kHz, where μ is from parameter set 0 to 4. Thus, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ = 0 is 15 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ = 4 is 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. Figures 2A to 2D An example of normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and parameter set μ = 2 with 4 slots per subframe is provided. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency-division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP can have a specific parameter set and CP (normal or extended).

[0062] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) that extends over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0063] As Figure 2A illustrated, some of the REs in the RE carry reference (pilot) signals (RSs) for the UE. The RS can include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (designated as R for a specific configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS can also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0064] Figure 2BIllustrates examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), where each CCE includes six Resource Element Groups (REGs), and each REG includes 12 consecutive Resource Elements (REs) in the OFDM symbols of an RB. The PDCCH within a BWP can be referred to as a Control Resource Set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., common search space, UE-specific search space) during a PDCCH monitoring occasion on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs can be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. The Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) can be in symbol 2 of a specific subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and the physical layer identity. The Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) can be in symbol 4 of a specific subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) carrying the Master Information Block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a Synchronization Signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the System Frame Number (SFN) and the number of RBs in the system bandwidth. The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not sent via the PBCH (such as System Information Blocks (SIBs)), and paging messages.

[0065] As Figure 2C Illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for a specific configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE can transmit DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS can be transmitted in the previous or the previous two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is transmitted and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS can be transmitted in different configurations. The UE can transmit a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS). The SRS can be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS can have a comb structure, and the UE can transmit the SRS on one of the combs in the comb structure. The SRS can be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0066] Figure 2DIllustrates examples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH can be located at the position indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as a scheduling request, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data and can additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0067] Figure 3 Is a block diagram of a base station 310 in an access network communicating with a UE 350. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets can be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a media access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with the broadcast of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and re-ordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with the mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0068] The transmit (Tx) processor 316 and the receive (Rx) processor 370 implement the layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The Tx processor 316 handles the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The encoded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Subsequently, each stream may be mapped to OFDM subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to generate a physical channel carrying a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. The OFDM stream is precoded in space to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from the channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the encoding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates may be derived from reference signals transmitted by the UE 350 and / or channel state feedback. Then, each spatial stream may be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with the corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0069] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives the signal via its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (Rx) processor 356. The Tx processor 368 and the Rx processor 356 implement the layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. The Rx processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined by the Rx processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. Then, the Rx processor 356 uses a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to convert the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency-domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, as well as the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on the channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. Then, the soft decisions are decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0070] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program code and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using the ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0071] Similar to the functionality described in connection with DL transmissions performed by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with the mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0072] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 from reference signals or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the Tx processor 368 to select appropriate decoding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the Tx processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via a separate transmitter 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx modulates an RF carrier with the corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0073] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives signals via its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the Rx processor 370.

[0074] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program code and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using the ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0075] At least one of Tx processor 368, Rx processor 356, and controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects related to Figure 1 sensing component 198.

[0076] At least one of Tx processor 316, Rx processor 370, and controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform aspects related to Figure 1 RS transmission component 199.

[0077] Figure 4 FIG. 400 is a diagram illustrating an example of RS measurement-based positioning. UE 404 may transmit UL-SRS 412 at time T SRS_Tx and receive a downlink positioning reference signal (PRS) (DL-PRS) 410 at time T PRS_Rx . TRP 406 may receive UL-SRS 412 at time T SRS_Rx and transmit DL-PRS 410 at time T PRS_Tx . UE 404 may receive DL-PRS 410 before transmitting UL-SRS 412, or may transmit UL-SRS 412 before receiving DL-PRS 410. In both cases, a positioning server (e.g., location server 168) or UE 404 may determine the RTT 414 based on ||T SRS_Rx – T PRS_Tx | – |T SRS_Tx – T PRS_Rx ||. Thus, multi-RTT positioning may utilize UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 and measured by UE 404 (i.e., |T SRS_Tx – T PRS_Rx |) and DL-PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) (DL-PRS-RSRP), as well as measured TRP Rx-Tx time difference measurements of uplink signals transmitted from UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406 (i.e., |T SRS_Rx – T PRS_Tx|) and UL-SRS-RSRP. The UE 404 uses the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement (and optionally the DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signal), and the TRPs 402, 406 use the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurement (and optionally the UL-SRS-RSRP of the received signal). These measurements can be used at the positioning server or the UE 404 to determine the RTT, which is used to estimate the location of the UE 404. Other methods for determining the RTT are possible, such as using DL-TDOA and / or UL-TDOA measurements.

[0078] DL-AoD positioning can utilize the measured DL-PRS-RSRP of the downlink signals received at the UE 404 from multiple TRPs 402, 406. The UE 404 uses the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signal, and the resulting measurements, together with the azimuth of departure (A-AoD), zenith angle of departure (Z-AoD), and other configuration information, are used to position the UE 404 relative to the neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0079] DL-TDOA positioning can utilize the DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) (and optionally DL-PRS-RSRP) of the downlink signals received at the UE 404 from multiple TRPs 402, 406. The UE 404 uses the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the DL RSTD (and optionally DL-PRS-RSRP) of the received signal, and the resulting measurements, together with other configuration information, are used to position the UE 404 relative to the neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0080] UL-TDOA positioning can utilize the UL relative time of arrival (RTOA) (and optionally UL-SRS-RSRP) of the uplink signals transmitted from the UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. The TRPs 402, 406 use the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the UL-RTOA (and optionally UL-SRS-RSRP) of the received signal, and the resulting measurements, together with other configuration information, are used to estimate the location of the UE 404.

[0081] UL-AoA positioning can utilize the measured azimuth of arrival (A-AoA) and zenith angle of arrival (Z-AoA) of uplink signals transmitted from the UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. The TRPs 402, 406 use the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the A-AoA and Z-AoA of the received signals, and the resulting measurements are used together with other configuration information to estimate the location of the UE 404.

[0082] Additional positioning methods can be used to estimate the location of the UE 404, such as, for example, UE-side UL-AoD and / or DL-AoA. It should be noted that data / measurements from various techniques can be combined in various ways to increase accuracy, determine and / or enhance certainty, supplement / complete measurements, and / or replace / provide missing information.

[0083] Figure 5FIG. 500 is an illustration of an example of sensing based on RS measurements. In one aspect, the wireless node 502 may perform monostatic sensing, where the wireless node 502 may transmit a set of RS 512 at the target object 503, the target object 503 may reflect the set of RS 512 as a set of reflected RS 516 at the wireless node 502, and the wireless node 502 may measure the set of reflected RS 516 from the target object 503. In one aspect, the wireless node 502 and the wireless node 504 may perform bistatic sensing, where the wireless node 502 may transmit a set of RS 512 at the target object 503, the target object 503 may reflect the set of RS 512 as a set of reflected Rs 514 at the wireless node 504, and the wireless node 504 may measure the set of reflected RS 514 from the target object 503. In another aspect, the wireless node 502 and the wireless node 506 may perform multistatic sensing, where in addition to the wireless node 502 using monostatic sensing to measure the set of reflected RS 516 from the target object 503, the wireless node 506 may also transmit a set of RS 518 at the target object 503, the target object 503 may reflect the set of RS 518 as a set of reflected RS 520 at the wireless node 502, and the wireless node 502 may measure the set of reflected RS 520 from the target object 503. In another aspect, the wireless node 502, the wireless node 504, and the wireless node 508 may perform multistatic sensing, where in addition to the wireless node 504 using bistatic sensing to measure the set of reflected RS 514 from the target object 503, the wireless node 508 may also transmit a set of RS 522 at the target object 503, the target object 503 may reflect the set of RS 522 as a set of reflected RS 524 at the wireless node 504, and the wireless node 504 may measure the set of reflected RS 524 from the target object 503. Each wireless node may be any wireless device configured to transmit or receive wireless signals, such as a UE, a network node, a TRP, or a base station. For example, the wireless node 502 may be a network node configured to transmit a set of RS 512 at the target object 503 and measure the set of reflected RS 516 from the target object 503. In another example, the wireless node 502 may be a network node configured to transmit a set of RS 512 at the target object 503, and the wireless node 504 may be a UE configured to measure the set of reflected RS 514 from the target object 503.

[0084] Wireless node 502 may perform one or more sensing measurements on the set of reflected RS 516 and / or the set of reflected RS 520. In one aspect, wireless node 502 may calculate the distance or range between wireless node 502 and target object 503 based on the round-trip time (RTT) between when wireless node 502 transmits the set of RS 512 and when wireless node 502 receives the set of reflected RS 516. In one aspect, wireless node 502 may calculate the distance or range traveled by the set of RS 518 and the set of reflected RS 520 based on the time between when wireless node 506 transmits the set of RS518 and when wireless node 502 receives the set of reflected RS 520. In one aspect, wireless node 502 may calculate the location of target object 503 based on multiple range or distance measurements (e.g., via triangulation using the known locations of wireless nodes 502 and 506 and the calculated range or distance measurements). In one aspect, wireless node 502 may calculate the velocity of target object 503 based on a first calculated location of target object 503 based on the set of reflected RS 516 and / or the set of reflected RS 520 measured at a first time and a second calculated location of target object 503 based on the set of reflected RS 516 and / or the set of reflected RS 520 measured at a second time. In one aspect, wireless node 502 may calculate the AoA of the set of reflected RS 516 and / or the AoD of the set of RS 512 based on the multiple ports that transmitted the set of RS 512 and the multiple ports that received the set of reflected RS 516. In one aspect, wireless node 502 may calculate the AoA of the set of reflected RS 520 and / or the AoD of the set of RS 518 based on the multiple ports that transmitted the set of RS 518 and the multiple ports that received the set of reflected RS 520.

[0085] Similarly, the wireless node 504 may perform one or more sensing measurements on the set of reflected RS 514 and / or the set of reflected RS 524. In one aspect, the wireless node 504 may calculate the distance or range traveled by the set of RS 512 and the set of reflected RS 514 based on the time between when the wireless node 502 transmits the set of RS 512 and when the wireless node 504 receives the set of reflected RS 514. In one aspect, the wireless node 504 may calculate the distance or range traveled by the set of RS 522 and the set of reflected RS 524 based on the time between when the wireless node 508 transmits the set of RS 522 and when the wireless node 504 receives the set of reflected RS 524. In one aspect, the wireless node 504 may calculate the position of the target object 503 based on multiple range or distance measurements (e.g., via triangulation using the known positions of the wireless nodes 502, 504, and 508 and the calculated range or distance measurements). In one aspect, the wireless node 504 may calculate the speed of the target object 503 based on a first calculated position of the target object 503 based on the set of reflected RS 514 and / or the set of reflected RS 524 measured at a first time and a second calculated position of the target object 503 based on the set of reflected RS 514 and / or the set of reflected RS 524 measured at a second time. In one aspect, the wireless node 504 may calculate the AoA of the set of reflected RS 514 and / or the AoD of the set of RS 512 based on the multiple ports that transmitted the set of RS 512 and the multiple ports that received the set of reflected RS 516. In one aspect, the wireless node 504 may calculate the AoA of the set of reflected RS 524 and / or the AoD of the set of RS 522 based on the multiple ports that transmitted the set of RS 522 and the multiple ports that received the set of reflected RS 524.

[0086] The sensing measurement or the sensing measurement report may be associated with a set of measurement conditions. The sensing measurement condition may be described as a range resolution Δd, which defines the necessary range resolution for the sensing measurement. The range resolution Δd may be expressed as the smallest possible change in the calculated distance based on the measured signal, such as 20 meters (m) or 0.3 m. A sensing measurement with a range resolution whose value is less than or equal to the sensing measurement condition range resolution Δd may be described as satisfying the sensing measurement condition, or having a high range resolution. A sensing measurement with a range resolution whose value is greater than or equal to the sensing measurement condition range resolution Δd may be described as not satisfying the sensing measurement condition, or having too low a high range resolution.

[0087] The sensing measurement condition may be a maximum range d max , which defines the necessary maximum range for the sensing measurement. The maximum range dmax can be expressed as the maximum possible distance calculated based on the measured signal, such as 3000 m or 100 m. A sensing measurement with a value greater than or equal to the sensing measurement maximum range d max of the maximum range can be described as meeting the sensing measurement conditions, or having a high maximum range. A sensing measurement with a value less than or equal to the sensing measurement condition maximum range d max of the maximum range can be described as not meeting the sensing measurement conditions, or having too low a maximum range.

[0088] The sensing measurement condition can be the velocity resolution Δv, which defines the necessary velocity for the sensing measurement. The velocity resolution Δv can be expressed as the minimum possible change in the calculated velocity based on the measured signal, such as 300 kilometers per hour (km / h) or 10 km / h. A sensing measurement with a velocity resolution whose value is less than or equal to the sensing measurement velocity resolution Δv can be described as meeting the sensing measurement conditions, or having a high velocity resolution. A sensing measurement with a velocity resolution whose value is greater than or equal to the sensing measurement condition velocity resolution Δv can be described as not meeting the sensing measurement conditions, or having too low a velocity resolution.

[0089] The sensing measurement condition can be the maximum velocity v max , which defines the necessary maximum velocity for the sensing measurement. The maximum velocity v max can be expressed as the maximum possible velocity calculated based on the measured signal, such as 3000 km or 50 km / h. A sensing measurement with a maximum velocity whose value is greater than or equal to the sensing measurement maximum velocity v max can be described as meeting the sensing measurement conditions, or having a high maximum velocity. A sensing measurement with a maximum velocity whose value is less than or equal to the sensing measurement condition maximum velocity v max can be described as not meeting the sensing measurement conditions, or having too low a maximum velocity. The effective velocity range v eff can be defined as v eff = 2v max . A sensing measurement with an effective velocity range whose value is greater than or equal to the sensing measurement effective velocity range v eff can be described as meeting the sensing measurement conditions, or having a high effective velocity range. A sensing measurement with an effective velocity range whose value is less than or equal to the sensing measurement condition effective velocity range v eff can be described as not meeting the sensing measurement conditions, or having too low an effective velocity range.

[0090] The sensing measurement conditions can be the conditions for measuring the AoA of a signal, where the AoA can be measured using some RSs (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS), but cannot be measured using other RSs (e.g., TRS). The sensing measurement conditions can be the conditions for measuring the AoD of a signal, where the AoD can be measured using some RSs (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS), but cannot be measured using other RSs (e.g., TRS). The resolution of the measured AoA or the measured AoD can be improved by supporting MIMO sensing. The sensing measurement conditions can be the defined MIMO sensing timing for performing MIMO sensing, which is possible for some RSs (e.g., RSs transmitted using multiple ports), but impossible for other RSs (e.g., RSs transmitted using one port). The MIMO sensing timing can be supported by a wireless node configured to transmit RSs using multiple ports.

[0091] In some aspects, the parameters of the RS can be used to calculate the sensing measurement parameters. In other words, the parameters of the RS can be used to determine whether the RS can meet the sensing measurement conditions. There can be a defined relationship between the set of RS parameters and the set of sensing measurement parameters. Table 2 below illustrates an example of the defined relationship or formula between the RS parameters and the sensing measurement parameters.

[0092]

[0093] Table 2: Relationship between RS Parameters and Sensing Parameters

[0094] The subcarrier spacing Δf can be used to determine the boundary of the maximum Doppler frequency associated with the RS. For example, the maximum Doppler frequency of the RS can be bounded by half of the SCS or Δf / 2. The subcarrier spacing Δf of the RS can be described in kilohertz (kHz). The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ODFM) symbol length T u can be used to determine the boundary of the time until the latest echo associated with the RS. The ODFM symbol length can be described in milliseconds (ms). For example, the time until the latest echo of the RS can be bounded by half of the ODFM symbol length or T u / 2. The bandwidth W of the RS can be described in megahertz (MHz). The burst duration T of the RS B can be used to describe the time span over which the RS can extend. The burst duration T B can be described in ms. The time domain interval T S can describe the interval between consecutive RSs in the time domain. The time domain interval can be described in ms. The frequency domain interval f S can describe the interval between consecutive RSs in the frequency domain. The frequency domain interval can be described in ms.

[0095] A wireless node may configure PRS or DL-PRS as a sensing signal. The wireless node may configure the PRS to have any suitable bandwidth, such as a bandwidth between 24 physical resource blocks (PRBs) and 272 PRBs. The PRS may have multiple positioning layers, and the multiple positioning layers have different bandwidths for different sensing purposes. In one aspect, the first positioning frequency layer may have a wide bandwidth and a short duration for range estimation, and the second positioning frequency layer may have a narrow bandwidth and a long duration (relative to the first positioning frequency layer) for velocity estimation. The wireless node may configure the PRS to have a full frequency domain interleaving pattern. The wireless node may configure the PRS to repeat the resources N times (e.g., N = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32) for a single instance of the PRS resource set. The wireless node may configure the PRS to have a gap of G symbols (e.g., G = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32) between PRS repetitions. For example, the PRS resource may span up to 32×32 time slots, with a burst duration T of 16 ms B Resources repeated every 32 blocks, a time gap of 4 time slots, and a subcarrier spacing Δf of 120 kHz.

[0096] In one aspect, the configured PRS may have a center frequency f of 3.5 GHz c 、a subcarrier spacing Δf of 30 kHz, a bandwidth W of 100 MHz, and a burst duration T of 16 ms B 。In another aspect, the configured PRS may have a center frequency f of 13 GHz c 、a subcarrier spacing Δf of 120 kHz, a bandwidth W of 400 MHz, and a burst duration T of 16 ms B 。The wireless node may calculate a set of sensing measurement parameters for the configured PRS, as shown in Table 3 below.

[0097]

[0098] Table 3: Sensing Parameters of Exemplary PRS

[0099] In some aspects, the wireless node may enhance the PRS to improve its performance. In one aspect, multiple PRSs may be configured to have phase continuity between multiple PRS transmissions to support velocity estimation. In other words, a wireless node receiving multiple reflected PRSs may calculate the velocity of a target object. In another aspect, a set of PRSs may be configured to transmit using multiple ports to support MIMO sensing and improve AoA and / or AoD estimation. In other words, a wireless node receiving multiple reflected PRSs may calculate the AoA of the multiple reflected PRSs or the AoD of the multiple transmitted PRSs. In some aspects, the wireless node may be configured to ensure phase continuity between multiple PRS transmissions to improve the velocity resolution of sensing measurements for a target object.

[0100] A wireless node may configure an SSB as a sensing signal. Each SSB may have a PSS and an SSS. The wireless node may configure the SSB to have any suitable configuration, such as 20 RBs in 4 consecutive OFDM symbols. In one aspect, the configured SSB may have a center frequency f of 3.5 GHz c and a subcarrier spacing Δf of 30 kHz. In another aspect, the configured SSB may have a center frequency f of 13 GHz c and a subcarrier spacing Δf of 120 kHz. The wireless node may calculate a set of sensing measurement parameters for the configured SSB, as shown in Table 4 below.

[0101] <![CDATA[f c = 3.5 GHz, Δf = 30 kHz]]> <![CDATA[f c = 13 GHz, Δf = 120 kHz]]> Δd > c / (2W) 20.8m 5.2m <![CDATA[Δv > c / (2f c T B )]]> 1081 km / h 1164 km / h <![CDATA[d max ≤cT u / 4]]> 2676m 668.9m <![CDATA[v max ≤cΔf / (4f c )]]> 2314 km / h 2492 km / h

[0102] Table 3: Sensing Parameters of Exemplary SSB

[0103] As shown in the figure, the range resolution of the configured SSB with a center frequency f of 13 GHz c and a subcarrier spacing Δf of 120 kHz may have a range resolution Δd greater than 5 m and a velocity resolution Δv greater than 1000 km / h. Due to the low range and velocity resolutions, the wireless node may be configured to use the SSB as a sensing signal to perform object detection to calculate a rough position and velocity before using other RSs to perform more accurate range or velocity calculation or estimation.

[0104] A wireless node may configure a TRS as a sensing signal. The wireless node may configure the TRS to have a density rho = 3. Such a TRS may have a range estimation ability similar to that of a PRS. The wireless node may configure the TRS to have an interleaved structure because a non-interleaved comb 4 structure may cause an aliasing problem for range estimation. In other words, the low density of the TRS in the frequency domain may cause an aliasing problem for range estimation. The wireless node may configure the TRS to have up to two-slot TRS modes with a spacing of four symbols. In one aspect, the configured TRS may have a center frequency f of 3.5 GHz c , a subcarrier spacing Δf of 30 kHz, and a bandwidth W of 100 MHz. In another aspect, the configured SSB may have a center frequency f of 13 GHz c , a subcarrier spacing Δf of 120 kHz, and a bandwidth W of 400 MHz. The value of f S may be equal to a multiple of Δf of a, such as 2 times or 4 times. The wireless node may calculate a set of sensing measurement parameters for the configured TRS, as shown in Table 5 below.

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] Table 5: Sensing Parameters of Exemplary TRS

[0108] As shown in the figure, the range resolution of any configured TRS can be comparable to that of a PRS with similar RS parameters, but the speed resolution of any configured TRS can be lower because the speed resolution of both is greater than 200 km / h. In some aspects, the wireless node can enhance the TRS to improve its performance. In one aspect, multiple TRSs can be configured to have phase continuity between multiple TRS transmissions to improve speed resolution. For example, the wireless node can configure the TRS to have a time span of more than two time slots. In another aspect, a set of TRSs can be configured to have increased phase coherence duration or longer TRS repetition to improve speed resolution.

[0109] The wireless node can configure the CSI-RS to sense signals. The wireless node can configure the CSI-RS to have a sparse resource density (e.g., 1 RE per RB or 0.5 RE per RB). Such CSI-RS may cause aliasing problems for range estimation. In other words, the low density of the CSI-RS in the frequency domain may cause aliasing problems for range estimation. The wireless node can configure the CSI-RS to have full-band CSI-RS in the frequency domain. Such CSI-RS can provide a range resolution similar to that of a PRS or a TRS. The wireless node can configure the CSI-RS to be transmitted using multiple antenna ports. For example, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, or 32 antenna ports can be used to transmit the CSI-RS. The wireless node can use MIMO radar sensing to measure such reflected CSI-RS. In one aspect, the configured CSI-RS can have a shortest period of 4 time slots. The wireless node may not support resource repetition within the period.

[0110] In one aspect, the configured CSI-RS can have a center frequency f of 3.5 GHz c , a subcarrier spacing Δf of 30 kHz, a bandwidth W of 100 MHz, and a burst duration T of 16 ms B . In another aspect, the configured CSI-RS can have a center frequency f of 13 GHz c , a subcarrier spacing Δf of 120 kHz, a bandwidth W of 400 MHz, and a burst duration T of 16 ms B . The wireless node can calculate a set of sensing measurement parameters for the configured CSI-RS, as shown in Table 6 below.

[0111]

[0112]

[0113] Table 6: Sensing Parameters of Exemplary CSI-RS

[0114] As shown, the range resolution of any CSI-RS can be comparable to that of a PRS or TRS with similar RS parameters - in particular, an enhanced TRS with increased phase coherence duration. In some aspects, a wireless node can enhance the CSI-RS to improve its performance. In one aspect, multiple CSI-RSs can be configured to have phase continuity between multiple CSI-RS transmissions to improve velocity resolution. In other words, the wireless node can be configured to ensure phase coherence during at least one CSI-RS period. The wireless node can also be configured to increase the time span of the CSI-RS to improve velocity resolution.

[0115] Figure 6 FIG. 600 is a connection flow diagram illustrating that wireless node 602 and wireless node 604 are configured to perform bistatic sensing on target object 603. Wireless node 604 can transmit multiple RSs 620 to target object 603. Target object 603 can reflect the multiple RSs 620 as multiple reflected RSs 621 to wireless node 602. At 626, wireless node 602 can perform radar sensing on the multiple reflected RSs 621 to calculate one or more parameters of target object 603 relative to wireless node 602. In one aspect, wireless node 602 can estimate the range of target object 603 from wireless node 602 based on the time difference between the transmission of multiple RSs 620 from wireless node 604 and the reception of the multiple reflected RSs 621 at wireless node 602. In one aspect, wireless node 602 can estimate the velocity of target object 603 by estimating the range of the target object from wireless node 602 at one time and then estimating the range of the target object from wireless node 602 at another time.

[0116] Although a wireless node may define and configure a dedicated sensing signal for the wireless node to perform sensing in a wireless system, configuring a dedicated sensing signal for a wireless entity to use for sensing may introduce overhead. For example, the wireless system may use more bits to distinguish the dedicated sensing signal from other signals already used by the wireless system, or the sensing signal may interfere with other signals already used by the wireless system. Additionally, changing the wireless system to use a new dedicated sensing signal may consume time and resources that are better spent maintaining the wireless system. Using an existing RS for sensing can be more efficient. For example, a wireless node may use PRS, TRS, CSI-RS, SRS, or SSB for sensing. In some aspects, using an RS to perform sensing can be more efficient because the RS can be used by a wireless entity to perform additional tasks. For example, an SSB can be used to perform sensing and also enable a UE to detect the PCI of an adjacent cell, and a PRS can be used to perform sensing and also enable a UE to perform positioning relative to a TRP or another UE.

[0117] Although an RS can be used for RF sensing, certain RSs may have better performance compared to other RSs. For example, a set of PRSs without phase continuity may not be useful for performing speed estimation on a target object, but a set of PRSs with phase continuity may be useful for performing speed estimation on a target object. The wireless node 604 may be configured to configure multiple RSs for sensing based on a set of sensing measurement conditions for radar sensing. The conditions can be the limitations or requirements for the sensing measurement to accurately sense the target object. The wireless node 604 may be configured to send a configuration or selection 616 of multiple RSs based on the set of sensing measurement conditions. The wireless node 604 may select and configure multiple RSs based on the set of sensing measurement conditions. The sensing measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, speed resolution, maximum speed, speed range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity for radar sensing. The wireless node 602 may receive a configuration or selection 616 of multiple RSs based on the set of sensing measurement conditions. The wireless node 604 may send multiple RSs 620 for radar sensing based on the configuration or selection 616 of the multiple RSs. The multiple RSs 620 may be reflected from the target object 603 as multiple reflected RSs 621. The wireless node 602 may receive the multiple reflected RSs 621 from the target object 603. At 626, the wireless node 602 may perform radar sensing on the multiple reflected RSs 621 based on the received configuration.

[0118] Any suitable wireless entity may request sensing measurements. In one aspect, wireless node 602 may send a request 608 for sensing measurements to wireless node 604, thereby instructing wireless node 604 to configure and send multiple RSs 620. In one aspect, sensing entity 606 may send a request 610 for sensing measurements to wireless node 604, thereby instructing wireless node 604 to configure and send multiple RSs 620. In one aspect, sensing entity 606 may send a request 612 for sensing measurements to wireless node 602, thereby instructing wireless node 602 to receive and measure multiple reflected RSs 621. The request for sensing measurements may include one or more sensing measurement conditions and / or one or more sensing reports. The sensing measurement conditions may include, for example, range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity for radar sensing. The range resolution may be the required range resolution for measurement, which is defined as the smallest possible change in the calculated distance based on the measured signal. The maximum range may be the required maximum range for measurement, which is defined as the largest possible calculated distance based on the measured signal. The velocity resolution may be the required velocity for measurement, which is defined as the smallest possible change in the calculated velocity based on the measured signal. The maximum velocity may be the required maximum velocity for measurement, which is defined as the largest possible calculated velocity based on the measured signal. The AoA measurement may be a condition for measuring the AoA of a signal, which can be measured using some RSs (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS), but cannot be measured using other RSs (e.g., TRS). The AoD measurement may be a condition for measuring the AoD of a signal, which can be measured using some RSs (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS), but cannot be measured using other RSs (e.g., TRS). The MIMO sensing opportunity may be a defined opportunity for performing MIMO sensing, which is possible for some RSs (e.g., RSs transmitted using multiple ports), but not possible for other RSs (e.g., RSs transmitted using one port).

[0119] At 614, wireless node 604 may configure multiple RSs for the requested sensing measurements. Wireless node 604 may be configured to consider the set of sensing measurement conditions by allocating multiple RSs to the sensing measurement opportunity based on the set of sensing measurement conditions. At 618, wireless node 604 may enhance one or more of the multiple RSs based on the set of sensing measurement conditions. For example, wireless node 604 may enhance one or more of the multiple RSs to ensure that the enhanced RSs can be used to perform a sensing measurement that satisfies one of the sensing measurement conditions in the set of sensing measurement conditions.

[0120] In one aspect, the sensing measurement condition can be a condition that supports high-resolution range measurement. In other words, the sensing measurement condition can be a range resolution that is less than or equal to a necessary range resolution threshold. In response, the wireless node 604 can be configured to configure at least one CSI-RS, at least one PRS, and at least one SRS for the sensing measurement such that each of the at least one CSI-RS, the at least one PRS, and the at least one SRS is configured to meet the sensing measurement condition to support range resolution measurement.

[0121] In one aspect, the sensing measurement condition can be a condition that supports high-resolution speed. In other words, the sensing measurement condition can be a speed resolution that is less than or equal to a necessary speed resolution threshold. In response, the wireless node 604 can be configured to configure at least two TRSs or at least two PRSs for the sensing measurement based on the sensing measurement condition. At 618, the wireless node 604 can enhance at least two TRSs or at least two PRSs based on the sensing measurement condition. For example, the wireless node 604 can enhance at least two TRSs or at least two PRSs to ensure that the sensing measurement of the configured RSs meets the sensing measurement condition. In one aspect, the wireless node 604 can be configured to enhance the phase coherence duration of the TRS to meet the condition for high-resolution speed estimation. In other words, the wireless node 604 can be configured to ensure that the phase coherence duration of the TRS is greater than or equal to a threshold to meet the condition for high-resolution speed estimation. In another aspect, the wireless node 604 can be configured to ensure that the PRS has phase coherence to meet the condition for high-resolution speed estimation.

[0122] In one aspect, the sensing measurement condition can be a condition for measuring or estimating the AoA or AoD of the received signal. In response, the wireless node 604 can be configured to configure SSB and CSI-RS for the sensing measurement, or can be configured to configure PRS and SRS for the sensing measurement based on the sensing measurement condition. The estimation of AoA or AoD may not depend on the wide bandwidth of the RS. At 618, the wireless node 604 can enhance the PRS or SRS. In one aspect, the sensing measurement condition can define the timing for the wireless node 602 to perform MIMO sensing on the reference signal (e.g., perform MIMO sensing to measure or estimate the AoA or AoD of the received reference signal). In response, the wireless node 604 can configure the PRS or SRS to be transmitted using multiple ports such that the wireless node 602 can perform MIMO sensing on the received PRS or the received SRS.

[0123] Wireless node 604 may use different RSs for different sensing measurements and / or for different sensing measurement reports. A request for a sensing measurement may indicate one or more sensing measurement reports. The sensing measurement reports may be associated with one or more sensing measurement conditions, which may be used by wireless node 604 to select a set of RSs for the report. In one aspect, wireless node 604 may select multiple SSBs in response to a request for detecting target object 603 or for generating a target detection report associated with target object 603. In one aspect, wireless node 604 may select multiple PRSs in response to a request for estimating the range of target object 603 from wireless node 602 or for generating a range estimation report associated with target object 603. In one aspect, wireless node 604 may select multiple TRSs in response to a request for estimating the Doppler of target object 603 or for generating a Doppler estimation of target object 603. In one aspect, wireless node 604 may select multiple CSI-RSs in response to a request for estimating the AoA or AoD of a beam reflected by target object 603 or for generating an angle estimation report.

[0124] Wireless node 604 may be configured to send a configuration or selection 616 of multiple RSs to wireless node 602. In one aspect, wireless node 604 may send a configuration defining a sequence of parameters for a sensing instance including multiple RSs. For example, CSI-RS, PRS, and SRS are sent within the sensing instance with a periodicity, a starting offset, and a duration for each RS or for a set of RSs. In one aspect, wireless node 604 may send a selection of a configuration that was sent to wireless node 602 at an earlier time. For example, wireless node 604 may send a set of configurations 607 of multiple RSs to wireless node 602, and wireless node 602 may then select one configuration from the set of configurations 607 at a later time. In some aspects, wireless node 604 may send the configuration 607 in a radio resource control (RRC) configuration including the set of configurations 607. In some aspects, wireless node 604 may send the configuration or selection 616 as a downlink control information (DCI) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) for selecting a configuration from a set of configurations sent in an RRC configuration. For example, the RRC configuration may include a set of sensing instances, where each sensing instance includes a configuration of multiple RSs for a sensing measurement or a sensing measurement report. The DCI or MAC-CE may select one sensing instance from the sensing instances based on one or more factors such as the sensing measurement to be performed, the sensing measurement report to be generated, or feedback from a sensing measurement report previously generated by wireless node 602.

[0125] A sensing instance can be a series of RSs sent continuously within a timer period. The wireless node 604 can send multiple RSs 620 as sensing instances to the target object 603, which then reflects multiple reflected RSs 621 to the wireless node 602. At 614, the wireless node 604 can configure multiple sensing instances, where each sensing instance can have different content, e.g., different combinations of RSs.

[0126] In some aspects, the wireless node 604 can split multiple RSs among a series of instances for a single sensing measurement. For example, the wireless node 604 can send multiple RSs 620, then can communicate with the wireless node 602 (or a different wireless node) via a set of non-sensing transmissions 622, and then can send multiple RSs 624. In other words, both the multiple RSs 620 and the multiple RSs 624 can be associated with the same sensing measurement performed by the wireless node 602, but can be sent non-consecutively at different times by the wireless node 604. Although two sets of RSs are shown, the multiple RSs can be divided into any number of non-consecutive transmissions, but are associated with the same sensing measurement so that the wireless node 602 performs sensing on the multiple RSs.

[0127] The wireless node 604 can associate multiple RSs in any suitable manner. For example, the configuration or selection 616 of the multiple RSs can include an explicit indication of the association between the multiple non-consecutive RSs and the sensing measurement performed by the wireless node 602 (e.g., a table that associates the sensing measurement with a set of RSIDs associated with the multiple RSs, a quasi-co-location (QCL) indicator indicating that two RSs are transmitted using the same beam). The configuration or selection 616 of the multiple RSs can include an implicit indication of the association between the multiple non-consecutive RSs and the sensing measurement performed by the wireless node 602 (e.g., all RSs included in a sensing instance can be assumed to be associated with each other, or all RSs transmitted via the same or a similar beam pattern (e.g., a beam pattern with a difference of less than 1 dB) can be assumed to be associated with each other).

[0128] At 626, the wireless node 602 may perform radar sensing on multiple RSs. In other words, the wireless node 602 may perform radar sensing on multiple reflected RSs 621 from the target object 603, and / or may perform radar sensing on multiple reflected RSs 625 from the target object 603. In some aspects, the wireless node 602 may fuse measurements of multiple RSs. For example, the wireless node 602 may fuse measurements of PRS and CSI-RS for range estimation. In one aspect, the wireless node 602 may perform bandwidth stitching of PRS and CSI-RS to configure a signal with a larger bandwidth. In another aspect, the wireless node 602 may interpolate measurements from PRS and CSI-RS. In another example, the wireless node 602 may fuse measurements of SSB and CSI-RS for AoA estimation. In one aspect, the wireless node 602 may use the average of the AoA estimates from SSB and CSI-RS, or may use the AoA estimate from SSB when CSI-RS is not transmitted.

[0129] The wireless node 602 may use a set of PRSs to track multiple objects with different doppler, but with this set of PRSs, the range or angle resolution may be low. The wireless node 602 may receive an indication that a set of PRSs is associated with a set of CSI-RSs for sensing the target object 603, and may fuse the velocity estimate using the PRSs with the range or angle estimate using the set of CSI-RSs to improve the overall sensing performance of the target object 603 using both the set of PRSs and the set of CSI-RSs.

[0130] At 628, the wireless node 602 may configure new sensing measurements based on the sensing performed at 626. The wireless node 602 may then send a request 608 for the sensing measurements based on this configuration. For example, the wireless node 602 may initially be configured to perform target detection on the target object 603 using multiple SSBs, which may use narrowband RSs. The wireless node 602 may use the multiple SSBs to estimate AoA or AoD to determine the overall direction of the target object 603 relative to the wireless node 602. The wireless node 602 may then request PRS and CSI-RS from the wireless node 604, which may use broadband RSs relative to the SSBs. The wireless node 602 may configure the PRS and CSI-RS based on the radar sensing performed at 626. This may enhance the ability of the wireless node 602 to perform range estimation on the target object 603.

[0131] In another example, the wireless node 602 may initially be configured to perform object detection on the target object 603 using a set of RSs with a dense time domain. The wireless node 602 may use the set of RSs with a dense time domain to estimate the speed of the target object 603 to determine a rough speed of the target object 603 relative to the wireless node 602. The wireless node 602 may then request RSs with a specific, less dense time domain pattern to improve its speed estimate of the target object 603. The wireless node 602 may configure the specific time domain pattern based on the radar sensing performed at 626.

[0132] In some aspects, the wireless node 602 may send a sensing measurement report 630 to the wireless node 604. The wireless node 604 may receive the sensing measurement report 630 from the wireless node 602. The sensing measurement report may include an indication of which measurement results are associated with which RSs. For example, a range estimation result with a PRS or a speed estimation result with a TRS. The report may include the RS type and / or resource ID associated with each measurement result. At 634, the wireless node 604 may configure the sensing measurement based on the sensing measurement report 630. For example, at 634, the wireless node 604 may dynamically direct the resource allocation of multiple RSs for sensing based on the sensing measurement report 630 from the wireless node 602. At 614, the wireless node 604 may configure a new set of RSs based on the sensing measurement report 630 and send the new set of RSs to the target object 603. In some aspects, at 634, the wireless node 604 may configure the sensing measurement in response to a trigger item other than the sensing measurement report 630. For example, the wireless node 604 may configure the sensing measurement based on the likelihood that multiple RSs 620 interfere with one or more communication operations at the wireless node 604 or the wireless node 602. For example, if the wireless node 604 determines that communication is a higher priority than sensing, the wireless node 604 may increase the bandwidth for the communication signal and decrease the bandwidth for the sensing RSs. In another example, if the wireless node 604 determines that sensing is a higher priority than communication, the wireless node 604 may increase the bandwidth for the sensing RSs and decrease the bandwidth for the communication signal. In some aspects, the wireless node 604 may configure multiple RSs by selecting a sensing instance from a set of sensing instances, where each sensing instance includes the configured multiple RSs.

[0133] In some aspects, the wireless node 602 may send a sensing measurement report 632 to the sensing entity 606. The sensing entity 606 may receive the sensing measurement report 632 from the wireless node 602. At 636, the sensing entity 606 may configure the sensing measurement based on the sensing measurement report 632. The sensing entity 606 may send a request 610 to the wireless node 604 based on the sensing measurement report 632.

[0134] While connection flowchart 600 shows wireless node 602 measuring the reflected RS and wireless node 604 configuring and transmitting the RS to be reflected by target object 603, multiple wireless nodes may measure the reflected RS and / or multiple wireless nodes may configure and transmit the RS to be reflected by target object 603. In other words, while connection flowchart 600 shows bistatic sensing, such a configuration may be adapted for multistatic sensing.

[0135] Figure 7 Connection flowchart 700 illustrates wireless node 702 being configured to perform monostatic sensing on target object 703. Wireless node 702 may transmit multiple RSs 720 to target object 703. Target object 703 may reflect multiple RSs 720 back to wireless node 702 as multiple reflected RSs 721. At 726, wireless node 702 may perform radar sensing on multiple reflected RSs 721 to calculate one or more parameters of target object 703 relative to wireless node 702. In one aspect, wireless node 702 may estimate the range of target object 703 from wireless node 702 based on the time difference between the transmission of multiple RSs 720 from wireless node 702 and the reception of multiple reflected RSs 721 at wireless node 702. In one aspect, wireless node 702 may estimate the speed of target object 703 by estimating the range of target object from wireless node 702 at one time and then estimating the range of target object from wireless node 702 at another time.

[0136] Wireless node 702 may be configured to configure multiple RSs for sensing based on a set of sensing measurement conditions for radar sensing. Wireless node 702 may be configured to output the configuration of multiple RSs to a transmission module based on the set of sensing measurement conditions, and the transmission module transmits multiple RSs 720 and / or multiple RSs 724. Wireless node 702 may select and / or configure multiple RSs based on the set of sensing measurement conditions. Wireless node 702 may transmit multiple RSs 720 for radar sensing based on the configuration of multiple RSs at 714. Multiple RSs 720 may be reflected from target object 703 as multiple reflected RSs 721. Wireless node 702 may receive multiple reflected RSs 721 from target object 703. At 726, wireless node 702 may perform radar sensing on multiple reflected RSs 721 based on the configuration.

[0137] In one aspect, the sensing entity 706 may send a request 712 for sensing measurements to the wireless node 702, thereby instructing the wireless node 702 to configure and send multiple RSs 720, and receive and measure multiple reflected RSs 721. The request for sensing measurements may include one or more sensing measurement conditions and / or one or more sensing reports. In some aspects, the wireless node 702 may configure multiple RSs in response to determining to perform a sensing measurement or generate a sensing measurement report.

[0138] At 714, the wireless node 702 may configure multiple RSs for sensing measurements. The wireless node 702 may be configured to consider a set of sensing measurement conditions by allocating multiple RSs to sensing measurement opportunities based on the set of sensing measurement conditions. At 718, the wireless node 702 may enhance one or more of the multiple RSs based on the set of sensing measurement conditions. For example, the wireless node 702 may enhance one or more of the multiple RSs to ensure that the enhanced RSs can be used to perform a sensing measurement that satisfies one of the sensing measurement conditions in the set of sensing measurement conditions.

[0139] In one aspect, the sensing measurement condition may be a condition for supporting high-resolution range measurement. In other words, the sensing measurement condition may be a range resolution that is less than or equal to a necessary range resolution threshold. In response, the wireless node 702 may be configured to configure at least one CSI-RS, at least one PRS, and at least one SRS for the sensing measurement such that each of the at least one CSI-RS, at least one PRS, and at least one SRS is configured to satisfy the sensing measurement condition to support range resolution measurement.

[0140] In one aspect, the sensing measurement condition may be a condition for supporting high-resolution speed. In other words, the sensing measurement condition may be a speed resolution that is less than or equal to a necessary speed resolution threshold. In response, the wireless node 702 may be configured to configure at least two TRSs or at least two PRSs for the sensing measurement based on the sensing measurement condition. At 718, the wireless node 702 may enhance at least two TRSs or at least two PRSs based on the sensing measurement condition. For example, the wireless node 702 may enhance at least two TRSs or at least two PRSs to ensure that the sensing measurement of the configured RSs satisfies the sensing measurement condition. In one aspect, the wireless node 702 may be configured to enhance the phase coherence duration of the TRS to satisfy the condition for high-resolution speed estimation. In other words, the wireless node 702 may be configured to ensure that the phase coherence duration of the TRS is greater than or equal to a threshold to satisfy the condition for high-resolution speed estimation. In another aspect, the wireless node 702 may be configured to ensure that the PRS has phase coherence to satisfy the condition for high-resolution speed estimation.

[0141] In one aspect, the sensing measurement condition may be a condition for measuring or estimating the AoA or AoD of the received signal. In response, the wireless node 702 may be configured to configure the SSB and CSI-RS for sensing measurement, or may be configured to configure the PRS and SRS for sensing measurement based on the sensing measurement condition. The estimation of the AoA or AoD may not depend on the wide bandwidth of the RS. At 718, the wireless node 702 may enhance the PRS or SRS. In one aspect, the sensing measurement condition may define an opportunity for the wireless node 702 to perform MIMO sensing on the reference signal (e.g., perform MIMO sensing to measure or estimate the AoA or AoD of the received reference signal). In response, the wireless node 702 may configure the PRS or SRS to be transmitted using multiple ports, so that the wireless node 702 can perform MIMO sensing on the received PRS or the received SRS.

[0142] The wireless node 702 may use different RSs for different sensing measurements and / or for different sensing measurement reports. The request for the sensing measurement may indicate one or more sensing measurement reports. The sensing measurement report may be associated with one or more sensing measurement conditions, and the one or more sensing measurement conditions may be used by the wireless node 702 to select a set of RSs for the report. In one aspect, the wireless node 702 may select multiple SSBs in response to a request for detecting the target object 703 or for generating a target detection report associated with the target object 703. In one aspect, the wireless node 702 may select multiple PRSs in response to a request for estimating the range of the target object 703 or for generating a range estimation report associated with the target object 703. In one aspect, the wireless node 702 may select multiple TRSs in response to a request for estimating the Doppler of the target object 703 or for generating a Doppler estimate of the target object 703. In one aspect, the wireless node 702 may select multiple CSI-RSs in response to a request for estimating the AoA or AoD of the beam reflected by the target object 703 or for generating an angle estimation report.

[0143] The wireless node 702 may be configured to output the configuration of multiple RSs to a module that transmits multiple RSs, such as a transceiver. In one aspect, the wireless node 702 may output a configuration that defines a series of parameters of a sensing instance including multiple RSs. For example, the CSI-RS, PRS, and SRS are transmitted within the sensing instance with a period, a start offset, and a duration for each RS or for a set of RSs. In one aspect, the wireless node 702 may output a selection of a configuration configured at an earlier time. For example, the wireless node 702 may output a set of configurations to a storage area, or may receive a set of configurations from the sensing entity 706 when requested at 712, and the wireless node 702 may then select one configuration from the set of configurations at a later time.

[0144] A sensing instance can be a series of RSs sent continuously within a timer period. The wireless node 702 can send multiple RSs 720 as sensing instances to the target object 703, which then reflects the multiple reflected RSs 721 back to the wireless node 702. At 714, the wireless node 702 can configure multiple sensing instances, where each sensing instance can have different content, e.g., different combinations of RSs.

[0145] In some aspects, the wireless node 702 can split multiple RSs among a series of instances for a single sensing measurement. For example, the wireless node 702 can send multiple RSs 720, and then can communicate with the sensing entity 706 (or a different wireless node) via a set of non-sensing transmissions 722, and then can send multiple RSs 724. In other words, both the multiple RSs 720 and the multiple RSs 724 can be associated with the same sensing measurement performed by the wireless node 702, but can be sent discontinuously at different times by the wireless node 702. Although two sets of RSs are shown, the multiple RSs can be divided into any number of discontinuous transmissions, but associated with the same sensing measurement, so that the wireless node 702 performs sensing on the multiple RSs.

[0146] The wireless node 702 can associate multiple RSs in any suitable manner. For example, the configuration of the multiple RSs can include an explicit indication of the association between the multiple discontinuous RSs and the sensing measurement performed by the wireless node 702 (e.g., a table that associates the sensing measurement with a set of RS IDs associated with the multiple RSs, a quasi-co-location (QCL) indicator indicating that two RSs are transmitted using the same beam). The configuration of the multiple RSs can include an implicit indication of the association between the multiple discontinuous RSs and the sensing measurement performed by the wireless node 702 (e.g., all RSs included in a sensing instance can be assumed to be associated with each other, or all RSs transmitted with the same or similar beam pattern can be assumed to be associated with each other).

[0147] At 726, the wireless node 702 may perform radar sensing on multiple RSs. In other words, the wireless node 702 may perform radar sensing on multiple reflected RSs 721 from the target object 703, and / or may perform radar sensing on multiple reflected RSs 725 from the target object 703. In some aspects, the wireless node 702 may fuse the measurements of multiple RSs. For example, the wireless node 702 may fuse the measurements of PRS and CSI-RS for range estimation. In another aspect, the wireless node 702 may use a set of PRSs to track multiple objects with different doppler, but using this set of PRSs, the range or angle resolution may be low. The wireless node 702 may receive an indication that a set of PRSs is associated with a set of CSI-RSs for sensing the target object 703, and may fuse the velocity estimation using the PRSs with the range or angle estimation using the set of CSI-RSs to improve the overall sensing performance of the target object 703 using both the set of PRSs and the set of CSI-RSs.

[0148] At 728, the wireless node 702 may configure new sensing measurements based on the sensing performed at 726. The wireless node 702 may then configure a second plurality of RSs at 714 based on the sensing performed at 726. For example, the wireless node 702 may initially be configured to perform target detection on the target object 703 using a plurality of SSBs, which may use narrowband RSs. The wireless node 702 may use the plurality of SSBs to estimate AoA or AoD to determine the overall direction of the target object 703 relative to the wireless node 702. The wireless node 702 may then configure PRS and CSI-RS at 714, which may use broadband RSs relative to the SSBs. The wireless node 702 may configure PRS and CSI-RS based on the radar sensing performed at 726. This may enhance the ability of the wireless node 702 to perform range estimation on the target object 703.

[0149] In another example, the wireless node 702 may initially be configured to perform target detection on the target object 703 using a set of RSs with a dense time domain. The wireless node 702 may use the set of RSs with a dense time domain to estimate the velocity of the target object 703 to determine the approximate velocity of the target object 703 relative to the wireless node 702. The wireless node 702 may then configure RSs with a specific, less dense time domain pattern at 714 to improve its velocity estimation of the target object 703. The wireless node 702 may configure the specific time domain pattern based on the radar sensing performed at 726.

[0150] In some aspects, the wireless node 702 may send a sensing measurement report 732 to the sensing entity 706. The sensing entity 706 may receive the sensing measurement report 732 from the wireless node 702. At 736, the sensing entity 706 may configure sensing measurements based on the sensing measurement report 732. The sensing entity 706 may send a request 712 to the wireless node 702 based on the sensing measurement report 732.

[0151] Although the connection flowchart 700 shows the wireless node 702 measuring the reflected RS and the wireless node 702 configuring and sending the RS to be reflected by the target object 703, multiple wireless nodes may measure the reflected RS and / or multiple wireless nodes may configure and send the RS to be reflected by the target object 703. In other words, although the connection flowchart 700 shows monostatic sensing, such a configuration may be suitable for multistatic sensing. The wireless node 702 may measure the reflected RS originating from one or more other wireless nodes different from the wireless node 702. The wireless node 702 may send multiple RSs 720 and / or multiple RSs 724, and the reflected RS may be received and measured by other wireless nodes different from the wireless node 702.

[0152] Figure 8 is a flowchart 800 of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a wireless node (e.g., UE104, UE 350, UE404; wireless node 502, wireless node 504, wireless node 602, wireless node 702; device 1204). At 802, the wireless node may receive a configuration of multiple RSs based on a set of sensing measurement conditions. The set of sensing measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity for radar sensing. For example, 802 may be performed by Figure 6 the wireless node 602 in, which may receive a configuration of multiple RSs or make a selection 616 based on the set of sensing measurement conditions. The set of sensing measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity for radar sensing. Additionally, 802 may be performed by Figure 12 the component 198 in.

[0153] At 804, the wireless node may receive multiple RSs for radar sensing based on the configuration. For example, 804 may be performed by Figure 6 the wireless node 602 in, which may receive multiple reflected RSs 621 for radar sensing at 626 based on the configuration. Additionally, 804 may be performed by Figure 12 the component 198 in.

[0154] At 806, a wireless node may perform radar sensing based on a plurality of received RSs. For example, 806 may be performed by the wireless node 602 in Figure 6 , which may perform radar sensing at 626 based on a plurality of reflected RSs 621. Additionally, 806 may be performed by the component 198 in Figure 12 .

[0155] Figure 9 is a flowchart 900 of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a wireless node (e.g., UE104, UE 350, UE404; wireless node 502, wireless node 504, wireless node 602, wireless node 702; device 1204). At 902, the wireless node may receive a configuration of a plurality of RSs based on a set of sensing measurement conditions. The set of sensing measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity for radar sensing. For example, 902 may be performed by the wireless node 602 in Figure 6 , which may receive a configuration of a plurality of RSs or select 616 based on the set of sensing measurement conditions. The set of sensing measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity for radar sensing. Additionally, 902 may be performed by the component 198 in Figure 12 .

[0156] At 904, the wireless node may receive a plurality of RSs for radar sensing based on the configuration. For example, 904 may be performed by the wireless node 602 in Figure 6 , which may receive a plurality of reflected RSs 621 for radar sensing at 626 based on the configuration. Additionally, 904 may be performed by the component 198 in Figure 12 .

[0157] At 906, the wireless node may perform radar sensing based on the received plurality of RSs. For example, 906 may be performed by the wireless node 602 in Figure 6 , which may perform radar sensing at 626 based on a plurality of reflected RSs 621. Additionally, 906 may be performed by the component 198 in Figure 12 .

[0158] At 908, the wireless node may receive at least one of PRS, CSI-RS, or SRS using multiple ports for a MIMO sensing opportunity. The plurality of RSs may include at least two of PRS, TRS, CSI-RS, SRS, or SSB. Each SSB in the SSB may include PSS and SSS. For example, 908 may be performed by Figure 6is performed by the wireless node 602, which may receive multiple reflected RSs 621 as at least one of PRS, CSI-RS, or SRS using multiple ports for MIMO sensing opportunities. The multiple RSs may include at least two of PRS, TRS, CSI-RS, SRS, or SSB. Each SSB in the SSB may include PSS and SSS. Additionally, 908 may be performed by Figure 12 the component 198 in

[0159] At 910, the wireless node may perform MIMO radar sensing on at least one of PRS, CSI-RS, or SRS using multiple ports for MIMO sensing opportunities. For example, 910 may be performed by Figure 6 the wireless node 602 in Figure 12 which may perform MIMO radar sensing on at least one of PRS, CSI-RS, or SRS using multiple ports for MIMO sensing opportunities at 626. Additionally, 910 may be performed by

[0160] the component 198 in Figure 6 At 912, the wireless node may continuously receive multiple RSs over a period of time. For example, 912 may be performed by Figure 12 the wireless node 602 in

[0161] which may continuously receive multiple reflected RSs 621 over a period of time. Additionally, 912 may be performed by Figure 6 the component 198 in Figure 12 At 914, the wireless node may correlate the received multiple RSs based on continuously receiving the received multiple RSs over a period of time. For example, 914 may be performed by Figure 6 the wireless node 602 in Figure 12 which may correlate multiple reflected RSs 621 with each other based on continuously receiving the received multiple RSs over a period of time. Additionally, 914 may be performed by

[0162] the component 198 in Figure 6 At 916, the wireless node may fuse the measurement results of the received multiple RSs based on the correlation. For example, 916 may be performed by Figure 6 the wireless node 602 in Figure 12 which may fuse the measurement results of multiple reflected RSs 621 and multiple reflected RSs 624 based on the correlation between multiple RSs 620 and multiple RSs 624. Additionally, 916 may be performed by Figure 12 the component 198 in

[0163] At 918, the wireless node may receive multiple RSs using the same beam. For example, 918 may be performed by Figure 6is performed by the wireless node 602 therein, which can use the same beam to receive multiple reflected RSs 621 and multiple reflected RSs 625. Additionally, 918 can be performed by Figure 12 the component 198 therein.

[0164] At 920, the wireless node can correlate the received multiple RSs based on receiving the received multiple RSs using the same beam. For example, 920 can be performed by Figure 6 the wireless node 602 therein, which can correlate the multiple reflected RSs 621 and the multiple reflected RSs 625 based on receiving the multiple reflected RSs 621 and the multiple reflected RSs 625 using the same beam. Additionally, 920 can be performed by Figure 12 the component 198 therein.

[0165] At 922, the wireless node can fuse the measurement results of the received multiple RSs based on the correlation. For example, 922 can be performed by Figure 6 the wireless node 602 therein, which can fuse the measurement results of the multiple reflected RSs 621 and the multiple reflected RSs 625 based on the correlation between the multiple RSs 620 and the multiple RSs 624. Additionally, 922 can be performed by Figure 12 the component 198 therein.

[0166] Figure 10 is a flowchart 1000 of a wireless communication method. This method can be performed by a wireless node (e.g., base station 102, base station 310; TRP 402, TRP 406; wireless node 502, wireless node 506, wireless node 508, wireless node 604, wireless node 702; network entity 1202, network entity 1302, network entity 1460). At 1002, the wireless node can send the configuration of multiple RSs based on sensing a set of measurement conditions. The set of measurement conditions can include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity for radar sensing. For example, 1002 can be performed by Figure 6 the wireless node 604 therein, which can send the configuration of multiple RSs or select 616 based on the set of measurement conditions. The set of measurement conditions can include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity for radar sensing. Additionally, 1002 can be performed by Figure 13 or Figure 14 the component 199 therein.

[0167] At 1004, the wireless node may send multiple RSs for radar sensing based on the configuration. For example, 1004 may be performed by Figure 6 the wireless node 604 therein, which may send multiple RSs 620 for radar sensing at 626 based on the configuration or selection 616 of the multiple RSs. Additionally, 1004 may be performed by Figure 13 or Figure 14 the component 199 therein.

[0168] Figure 11 is a flowchart 1100 of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a wireless node (e.g., base station 102, base station 310; TRP 402, TRP 406; wireless node 502, wireless node 506, wireless node 508, wireless node 604, wireless node 702; network entity 1202, network entity 1302, network entity 1460). At 1102, the wireless node may send a configuration of multiple RSs based on a set of sensing measurement conditions. The set of sensing measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity for radar sensing. For example, 1102 may be performed by Figure 6 the wireless node 604 therein, which may send a configuration or selection 616 of multiple RSs based on the set of sensing measurement conditions. The set of sensing measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity for radar sensing. Additionally, 1102 may be performed by Figure 13 or Figure 14 the component 199 therein.

[0169] At 1104, the wireless node may send multiple RSs for radar sensing based on the configuration. The multiple RSs may include at least two of PRS, TRS, CSI-RS, SRS, or SSB. Each SSB in the SSB may include PSS and SSS. For example, 1104 may be performed by Figure 6 the wireless node 604 therein, which may send multiple RSs 620 for radar sensing at 626 based on the configuration or selection 616 of the multiple RSs. The multiple RSs may include at least two of PRS, TRS, CSI-RS, SRS, or SSB. Each SSB in the SSB may include PSS and SSS. Additionally, 1104 may be performed by Figure 13 or Figure 14 the component 199 therein.

[0170] At 1106, a wireless node may transmit at least one CSI-RS in CSI-RS, at least one PRS in PRS, and at least one SRS in SRS for radar sensing. A set of sensing measurement conditions may include a required range resolution. Based on the required range resolution, the plurality of RSs may include at least one CSI-RS in CSI-RS, at least one PRS in PRS, and at least one SRS in SRS for radar sensing. For example, 1106 may be performed by Figure 6 the wireless node 604 in Figure 13 or Figure 14 The component 199 in

[0171] At 1108, a wireless node may transmit at least two TRSs in TRS or at least two PRSs in PRS for radar sensing. A set of sensing measurement conditions may include a required velocity resolution. Based on the required velocity resolution, the plurality of RSs may include at least two TRSs in TRS or at least two PRSs in PRS for radar sensing. For example, 1108 may be performed by Figure 6 the wireless node 604 in Figure 13 or Figure 14 The component 199 in

[0172] At 1110, a wireless node may transmit at least one SSB in SSB and at least one CSI-RS in CSI-RS, or transmit at least one PRS in PRS and at least one SRS in SRS for radar sensing. A set of sensing measurement conditions may include conditions for measuring AoA or AoD. Based on the conditions for measuring AoA and AoD, the plurality of RSs may include at least one SSB in SSB and at least one CSI-RS in CSI-RS, or may include at least one PRS in PRS and at least one SRS in SRS. For example, 1110 may be performed by Figure 6is performed by the wireless node 604, which may transmit at least a portion of the plurality of RSs 620 as at least one SSB in the SSB and at least one CSI-RS in the CSI-RS, or transmit at least one PRS and at least one SRS in the PRS for radar sensing. The set of sensing measurement conditions may include conditions for measuring AoA or AoD. Based on the conditions for measuring AoA and AoD, the plurality of RSs may include at least one SSB in the SSB and at least one CSI-RS in the CSI-RS, or may include at least one PRS and at least one SRS in the PRS. In addition, 1110 may be performed by Figure 13 or Figure 14 the component 199 in

[0173] At 1112, the wireless node may use multiple ports to transmit at least one of the PRS, CSI-RS, or SRS for the MIMO sensing occasion. The set of sensing measurement conditions may include the MIMO sensing occasion. For example, 1112 may be performed by Figure 6 the wireless node 604 in Figure 13 or Figure 14 which may transmit at least a portion of the plurality of RSs 620 as at least one of the PRS, CSI-RS, or SRS using multiple ports for the MIMO sensing occasion. The set of sensing measurement conditions may include the MIMO sensing occasion. In addition, 1112 may be performed by

[0174] Figure 6 At 1114, the wireless node may select a plurality of RSs for radar sensing based on at least one sensing measurement report. For example, 1114 may be performed by the wireless node 604 in Figure 13 or Figure 14 which may configure the sensing measurement at 634, and the sensing measurement may select a plurality of RSs based on the sensing measurement report 630 from the wireless node 602. In addition, 1114 may be performed by

[0175] Figure 12FIG. 1200 is an illustration of an example of a hardware implementation for apparatus 1204. Apparatus 1204 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, apparatus 1004 may include a cellular baseband processor 1224 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1222 (e.g., cellular RF transceivers). The cellular baseband processor 1224 may include on-chip memory 1224'. In some aspects, apparatus 1204 may also include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1220 and an application processor 1206 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1208 and a screen 1210. The application processor 1206 may include on-chip memory 1206'. In some aspects, apparatus 1204 may also include a Bluetooth module 1212, a WLAN module 1214, an SPS module 1216 (e.g., GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1218 (e.g., barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensors such as inertial measurement unit (IMU), gyroscope, and / or accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio aided detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), additional memory modules 1226, a power source 1230, and / or a camera 1232. The Bluetooth module 1212, the WLAN module 1214, and the SPS module 1216 may include on-chip transceivers (TRX) (or in some cases, only receivers (Rx)). The Bluetooth module 1212, the WLAN module 1214, and the SPS module 1216 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using antenna 1280. The cellular baseband processor 1224 communicates with UE 104 and / or with the RU associated with network entity 1202 via one or more antennas 1280 through transceiver 1222. The cellular baseband processor 1224 and the application processor 1206 may each separately include computer-readable media / memory 1224', 1206'. The additional memory module 1226 may also be considered computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory 1224', 1206', 1226 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1224 and the application processor 1206 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor 1224 / application processor 1206, causes the cellular baseband processor 1224 / application processor 1206 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1224 / application processor 1206 when executing the software.The cellular baseband processor 1224 / application processor 1206 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the Tx processor 368, the Rx processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 1204 may be a processor chip (modem and / or application) and include only the cellular baseband processor 1224 and / or the application processor 1206, while in another configuration, the device 1204 may be the entire UE (e.g., see. Figure 3 UE 350) and include additional modules of the device 1204.

[0176] As discussed above, component 198 may be configured to obtain a configuration of multiple RSs based on a set of sensed measurement conditions. The set of sensed measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity for radar sensing. Component 198 may be configured to receive multiple RSs for radar sensing based on the configuration. Component 198 may be configured to perform radar sensing based on the received multiple RSs. Component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor 1224, the application processor 1206, or both the cellular baseband processor 1224 and the application processor 1206. Component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the above. As shown, device 1204 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, device 1204 (and in particular the cellular baseband processor 1224 and / or the application processor 1206) may include means for obtaining a configuration of multiple RSs based on a set of sensed measurement conditions. The set of sensed measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity for radar sensing. Device 1204 may include means for receiving multiple RSs for radar sensing based on the configuration. Device 1204 may include means for performing radar sensing based on the received multiple RSs. Device 1204 may include means for receiving multiple RSs for radar sensing by receiving at least one CSI-RS from CSI-RS, at least one PRS from PRS, and at least one SRS from SRS. Device 1204 may include means for performing radar sensing by performing radar sensing on at least one CSI-RS from CSI-RS, at least one PRS from PRS, and at least one SRS from SRS. Device 1204 may include means for receiving multiple RSs for radar sensing by receiving at least two TRSs from TRS or at least two PRSs from PRS. Device 1204 may include means for performing radar sensing by performing radar sensing on at least two TRSs from TRS or at least two PRSs from PRS. Device 1204 may include means for receiving multiple RSs for radar sensing by receiving at least one SSB from SSB and at least one CSI-RS from CSI-RS. Device 1204 may include means for receiving multiple RSs for radar sensing by receiving at least one PRS from PRS and at least one SRS from SRS.The apparatus 1204 may include components for performing radar sensing by performing radar sensing on at least one of the SSBs and at least one of the CSI-RSs in the SSB or on at least one of the PRSs and at least one of the SRSs. The apparatus 1204 may include components for receiving multiple RSs by receiving at least one of the PRS, CSI-RS, or SRS using multiple ports for MIMO sensing opportunities. The apparatus 1204 may include components for performing radar sensing by performing MIMO radar sensing on at least one of the PRS, CSI-RS, or SRS using multiple ports for MIMO sensing opportunities. The apparatus 1204 may include components for receiving multiple RSs based on a configuration by receiving multiple RSs based on periodicity, start offset, and duration. The apparatus 1204 may include components for receiving multiple RSs for radar sensing by continuously receiving multiple RSs over a period of time. The apparatus 1204 may include components for performing radar sensing based on the received multiple RSs by correlating the received multiple RSs with each other based on continuously receiving the received multiple RSs over a period of time. The apparatus 1204 may include components for performing radar sensing based on the received multiple RSs by fusing the measurement results of the received multiple RSs based on the correlation. The apparatus 1204 may include components for receiving multiple RSs for radar sensing by receiving multiple RSs using the same beam. The apparatus 1204 may include components for performing radar sensing based on the received multiple RSs by correlating the received multiple RSs with each other based on receiving the received multiple RSs using the same beam. The apparatus 1204 may include components for performing radar sensing based on the received multiple RSs by fusing the measurement results of the received multiple RSs based on the correlation. The apparatus 1204 may include components for performing radar sensing based on the received multiple RSs by fusing the measurement results of the received multiple RSs based on an indicator of the correlation between the multiple RSs. The apparatus 1204 may include components for transmitting at least one sensing measurement report based on radar sensing. The apparatus 1204 may include components for transmitting a sensing request associated with a second set of sensing measurement conditions based on radar sensing. The apparatus 1204 may include components for obtaining a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on a second set of sensing measurement conditions for a second radar sensing. The apparatus 1204 may include components for receiving a second plurality of RSs for a second radar sensing based on the second configuration. The apparatus 1204 may include components for performing a second radar sensing based on the received second plurality of RSs. The apparatus 1204 may include components for transmitting at least one sensing measurement report based on radar sensing. The apparatus 1204 may include components for obtaining a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on at least one sensing measurement report. The apparatus 1204 may include components for receiving a second plurality of RSs for a second radar sensing based on the second configuration.The apparatus 1204 may include components for performing a second radar sensing based on the received second plurality of RSs. The apparatus 1204 may include components for obtaining a second configuration of the second plurality of RSs based on an indication of a conflict between the radar sensing and the communication timing. The apparatus 1204 may include components for receiving the second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration. The apparatus 1204 may include components for performing a second radar sensing based on the received second plurality of RSs. The apparatus 1204 may include components for obtaining a configuration of a plurality of RSs, which may include obtaining a set of configurations. Each configuration in the set of configurations may be associated with a different plurality of RSs. The apparatus 1204 may include components for transmitting at least one sensing measurement report based on the radar sensing. The apparatus 1204 may include components for obtaining an indicator of a selection of a second configuration from the set of configurations based on the at least one sensing measurement report. The apparatus 1204 may include components for receiving the second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration. The apparatus 1204 may include components for performing a second radar sensing based on the received second plurality of RSs. The apparatus 1204 may include components for obtaining the set of configurations by obtaining an RRC configuration including the set of configurations. The apparatus 1204 may include components for obtaining the indicator of the selection of the second configuration by obtaining a DCI or a MAC-CE including the indicator of the selection of the second configuration. The components may be component 198 of the apparatus 1204 configured to perform the functions recited by the components. As described above, the apparatus 1204 may include a Tx processor 368, an Rx processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the components may be the Tx processor 368, the Rx processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the components.

[0177] Figure 13FIG. 1300 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for network entity 1302. Network entity 1302 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. Network entity 1302 may include at least one of CU 1310, DU 1330, or RU 1340. For example, depending on the layer functions handled by component 199, network entity 1302 may include CU 1310; both CU 1310 and DU 1330; each of CU 1310, DU 1330, and RU 1340; DU 1330; both DU 1330 and RU 1340; or RU 1340. CU 1310 may include CU processor 1312. CU processor 1312 may include on-chip memory 1312'. In some aspects, CU 1310 may also include additional memory module 1314 and communication interface 1318. CU 1310 communicates with DU 1330 via an intermediate link (such as the F1 interface). DU 1330 may include DU processor 1332. DU processor 1332 may include on-chip memory 1332'. In some aspects, DU 1330 may also include additional memory module 1334 and communication interface 1338. DU 1330 communicates with RU 1340 via a fronthaul link. RU 1340 may include RU processor 1342. RU processor 1342 may include on-chip memory 1342'. In some aspects, RU 1340 may also include additional memory module 1344, one or more transceivers 1346, antenna 1380, and communication interface 1348. RU 1340 communicates with UE 104. On-chip memories 1312′, 1332', 1342′, and additional memory modules 1314, 1334, 1344 may each be considered computer-readable media / memories. Each computer-readable media / memory may be non-transitory. Each of processors 1312, 1332, 1342 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor, causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0178] As discussed above, component 199 may be configured to output a configuration of multiple RSs based on a set of sensed measurement conditions. The set of sensed measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing timing for radar sensing. Component 199 may be configured to transmit multiple RSs for radar sensing based on the configuration. Component 199 may be within one or more processors of one or more of CU 1310, DU 1330, and RU 1340. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the above. Network entity 1302 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1302 may include means for outputting a configuration of multiple RSs based on a set of sensed measurement conditions. The set of sensed management conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing timing for radar sensing. Network entity 1302 may include means for transmitting multiple RSs for radar sensing based on the configuration. Network entity 1302 may include means for transmitting multiple RSs for radar sensing by transmitting at least one CSI-RS among CSI-RSs, at least one PRS among PRSs, and at least one SRS among SRSs. Network entity 1302 may include means for transmitting multiple RSs for radar sensing by transmitting at least two TRSs among TRSs or at least two PRSs among PRSs. Network entity 1302 may include means for transmitting multiple RSs for radar sensing by transmitting at least one SSB among SSBs and at least one CSI-RS among CSI-RSs. Network entity 1302 may include means for transmitting multiple RSs for radar sensing by transmitting at least one PRS among PRSs and at least one SRS among SRSs. Network entity 1302 may include means for transmitting multiple RSs by transmitting at least one of PRS, CSI-RS, or SRS using multiple ports for MIMO sensing timing. Network entity 1302 may include means for selecting multiple RSs for radar sensing based on at least one sensed measurement report.The network entity 1302 may include components for selecting multiple RSs by: (a) selecting at least two SSBs in the SSB based on a target detection report of at least one sensed measurement report; (b) selecting at least two PRSs in the PRS based on a range estimation report of at least one sensed measurement report; (c) selecting at least two TRSs in the TRS based on a Doppler estimation report of at least one sensed measurement report; or (d) selecting at least two CSI-RSs in the CSI-RS based on an angle estimation report of at least one sensed measurement report. The network entity 1302 may include components for selecting multiple RSs by selecting at least one PRS in the PRS and at least one CSI-RS in the CSI-RS based on a range estimation report of at least one sensed measurement report. The network entity 1302 may include components for transmitting multiple RSs based on a configuration by transmitting multiple RSs based on a period, a starting offset, and a duration. The network entity 1302 may include components for transmitting multiple RSs for radar sensing by transmitting multiple RSs using TDM, FDM, or SDM. The network entity 1302 may include components for transmitting multiple RSs for radar sensing by continuously transmitting multiple RSs over a period of time. The network entity 1302 may include components for transmitting multiple RSs for radar sensing by transmitting multiple RSs using the same beam. The network entity 1302 may include components for receiving at least one sensed measurement report based on the multiple RSs for radar sensing. The at least one sensed measurement report may include an association between a measurement and the type of RS. The network entity 1302 may include components for receiving a sensing request associated with a second set of sensing measurement conditions based on the multiple RSs for radar sensing. The network entity 1302 may include components for outputting a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on a second set of sensing measurement conditions for a second radar sensing. The network entity 1302 may include components for transmitting the second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration. The network entity 1302 may include components for receiving at least one sensed measurement report based on the multiple RSs for radar sensing. The network entity 1302 may include components for outputting a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on the at least one sensed measurement report. The network entity 1302 may include components for transmitting the second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration. The network entity 1302 may include components for obtaining an indication of a conflict between radar sensing and communication opportunities. The network entity 1302 may include components for outputting a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on the indication of the conflict. The network entity 1302 may include components for transmitting the second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration. The network entity 1302 may include components for outputting a configuration of multiple RSs, which may include outputting a set of configurations. Each configuration in the set of configurations may be associated with a different plurality of RSs.The network entity 1302 may include components for receiving at least one sensing measurement report based on a plurality of RSs for radar sensing. The network entity 1302 may include components for including an indicator of the selection of a second configuration from a configured set based on the at least one sensing measurement report. The network entity 1302 may include components for transmitting a second plurality of RSs for second radar sensing based on the second configuration. The network entity 1302 may include components for outputting the configured set by outputting an RRC configuration including the configured set. The network entity 1302 may include components for outputting an indicator of the selection of the second configuration by outputting a DCI or MAC-CE including the indicator of the selection of the second configuration. The components may be component 199 of the network entity 1302 configured to perform the functions recited by the components. As described above, the network entity 1302 may include a Tx processor 316, an Rx processor 370, and a controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, these components may be the Tx processor 316, the Rx processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by these components.

[0179] Figure 14 FIG. 1400 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity 1460. In one example, the network entity 1460 may be within the core network 140. The network entity 1460 may include a network processor 1412. The network processor 1412 may include on-chip memory 1412'. In some aspects, the network entity 1460 may further include additional memory modules 1414. The network entity 1460 communicates with the CU 1402 directly (e.g., backhaul link) or indirectly (e.g., through the RIC) via a network interface 1480. The on-chip memory 1412' and the additional memory modules 1414 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. The processor 1412 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor, causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0180] As discussed above, component 199 may be configured to output a configuration of multiple RSs based on a set of sensed measurement conditions. The set of sensed measurement conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity for radar sensing. Component 199 may be configured to transmit multiple RSs for radar sensing based on the configuration. Component 199 may be within processor 1412. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the above. Network entity 1460 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1460 may include means for outputting a configuration of multiple RSs based on a set of sensed measurement conditions. The set of sensed management conditions may include one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity for radar sensing. Network entity 1460 may include means for transmitting multiple RSs for radar sensing based on the configuration. Network entity 1460 may include means for transmitting multiple RSs for radar sensing by transmitting at least one CSI-Rs of CSI-RS, at least one PRS of PRS, and at least one SRS of SRS. Network entity 1460 may include means for transmitting multiple RSs for radar sensing by transmitting at least two TRSs of TRS or at least two PRSs of PRS. Network entity 1460 may include means for transmitting multiple RSs for radar sensing by transmitting at least one SSB of SSB and at least one CSI-RS of CSI-RS. Network entity 1460 may include means for transmitting multiple RSs for radar sensing by transmitting at least one PRS of PRS and at least one SRS of SRS. Network entity 1460 may include means for transmitting multiple RSs by transmitting at least one of PRS, CSI-RS, or SRS using multiple ports for MIMO sensing opportunity. Network entity 1460 may include means for selecting multiple RSs for radar sensing based on at least one sensed measurement report.The network entity 1460 may include components for selecting multiple RSs by: (a) selecting at least two SSBs in the SSB based on a target detection report of at least one sensed measurement report; (b) selecting at least two PRSs in the PRS based on a range estimation report of at least one sensed measurement report; (c) selecting at least two TRSs in the TRS based on a Doppler estimation report of at least one sensed measurement report; or (d) selecting at least two CSI-RSs in the CSI-RS based on an angle estimation report of at least one sensed measurement report. The network entity 1460 may include components for selecting multiple RSs by selecting at least one PRS in the PRS and at least one CSI-RS in the CSI-RS based on a range estimation report of at least one sensed measurement report. The network entity 1460 may include components for transmitting multiple RSs based on a configuration by transmitting multiple RSs based on a period, a starting offset, and a duration. The network entity 1460 may include components for transmitting multiple RSs for radar sensing by transmitting multiple RSs using TDM, FDM, or SDM. The network entity 1460 may include components for transmitting multiple RSs for radar sensing by continuously transmitting multiple RSs over a period of time. The network entity 1460 may include components for transmitting multiple RSs for radar sensing by transmitting multiple RSs using the same beam. The network entity 1460 may include components for receiving at least one sensed measurement report based on the multiple RSs for radar sensing. The at least one sensed measurement report may include an association between a measurement and the type of RS. The network entity 1460 may include components for receiving a sensing request associated with a second set of sensing measurement conditions based on the multiple RSs for radar sensing. The network entity 1460 may include components for outputting a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on a second set of sensing measurement conditions for a second radar sensing. The network entity 1460 may include components for transmitting the second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration. The network entity 1460 may include components for receiving at least one sensed measurement report based on the multiple RSs for radar sensing. The network entity 1460 may include components for outputting a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on the at least one sensed measurement report. The network entity 1460 may include components for transmitting the second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration. The network entity 1460 may include components for obtaining an indication of a conflict between radar sensing and communication opportunities. The network entity 1460 may include components for outputting a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on the indication of the conflict. The network entity 1460 may include components for transmitting the second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration. The network entity 1460 may include components for outputting a configuration of multiple RSs, which may include outputting a set of configurations. Each configuration in the set of configurations may be associated with a different plurality of RSs.The network entity 1460 may include components for receiving at least one sensing measurement report based on a plurality of RSs for radar sensing. The network entity 1460 may include components for including an indicator of a selection of a second configuration from a configured set based on the at least one sensing measurement report. The network entity 1460 may include components for transmitting a second plurality of RSs for second radar sensing based on the second configuration. The network entity 1460 may include components for outputting the configured set by outputting an RRC configuration including the configured set. The network entity 1460 may include components for outputting an indicator of the selection of the second configuration by outputting a DCI or MAC-CE including the indicator of the selection of the second configuration. The components may be component 199 of the network entity 1460 configured to perform the functions recited by the components.

[0181] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is merely illustrative of example methods. It should be understood that based on design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the process / flowchart may be rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The appended method claims present the elements of the various blocks in a sample order, but are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0182] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. References to elements in the singular form do not, unless specifically stated otherwise, mean "one and only one" but rather "one or more." Terms such as "if," "when," and "while" do not denote a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when...," do not mean an immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if a condition is met, then the action will occur, without requiring a specific or immediate time limitation for the occurrence of the action. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or having an advantage over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "any combination of A, B, C, or any of them," including any combination of A, B, and / or C, may include multiple As, multiple Bs, or multiple Cs. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "any combination of A, B, C, or any of them" can be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be construed as a collection of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If a first device receives data from or sends data to a second device, the data may be received / sent directly between the first and second devices, or indirectly between the first and second devices through a collection of devices. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or will later be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. Additionally, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, whether or not such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims. The words "module," "mechanism," "element," "device," etc. do not substitute for the word "component." Thus, no claim element shall be construed as a means-plus-function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase "means for...".

[0183] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed to mean a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be construed as "at least based on A", unless stated otherwise specifically.

[0184] A device configured to "output" data (such as, a transmission, a signal, or a message) can, for example, transmit the data with a transceiver, can transfer the data to a device that transmits the data, or can transfer the data to a module within the device for processing. A device configured to "obtain" data (such as, a transmission, a signal, or a message) can, for example, receive with a transceiver, can obtain the data from a device that receives the data, or can obtain the data from a module within the device that generates the data.

[0185] The following aspects are merely illustrative and can be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0186] Aspect 1 is a method for wireless communication at a wireless node, where the method can include: outputting a configuration of a plurality of RSs based on a set of sensed measurement conditions, the set of sensed measurement conditions including one or more of range resolution for radar sensing, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity. The method can include: transmitting the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing based on the configuration. The wireless node can be an RS transmitting node.

[0187] Aspect 2 is the method according to aspect 1, where the plurality of RSs can include at least two of PRS, TRS, CSI-RS, SRS, or SSB. Each SSB of the SSBs can include PSS and SSS.

[0188] Aspect 3 is the method according to aspect 2, where the set of sensed measurement conditions can include a required range resolution. Based on the required range resolution, the plurality of RSs can include at least one CSI-RS of the CSI-RSs, at least one PRS of the PRSs, and at least one SRS of the SRSs for the radar sensing. Transmitting the plurality of RSs can include transmitting at least one CSI-RS of the CSI-RSs, at least one PRS of the PRSs, and at least one SRS of the SRSs for the radar sensing.

[0189] Aspect 4 is the method according to any one of Aspects 2 or 3, wherein the set of sensed measurement conditions may include a required velocity resolution. Based on the required velocity resolution, the plurality of RSs may include at least two TRSs among the TRSs or at least two PRSs among the PRSs for the radar sensing. Transmitting the plurality of RSs may include transmitting at least two TRSs among the TRSs or at least two PRSs among the PRSs for the radar sensing.

[0190] Aspect 5 is the method according to Aspect 4, wherein at least two TRSs among the TRSs may be associated with a phase coherence duration greater than or equal to a phase coherence threshold based on the required velocity resolution.

[0191] Aspect 6 is the method according to any one of Aspects 4 or 5, wherein at least two TRSs among the TRSs may be associated with phase coherence based on the required velocity resolution.

[0192] Aspect 7 is the method according to any one of Aspects 2 to 6, wherein the set of sensed measurement conditions may include conditions for measuring AoA or AoD. Based on the conditions for measuring the AoA and the AoD, the plurality of RSs may include at least one SSB among the SSBs and at least one CSI-RS among the CSI-RSs. Based on the conditions for measuring the AoA and the AoD, the plurality of RSs may include at least one PRS among the PRSs and at least one SRS among the SRSs. Transmitting the plurality of RSs may include transmitting at least one SSB among the SSBs and at least one CSI-RS among the CSI-RSs for the radar sensing. Transmitting the plurality of RSs may include transmitting at least one PRS among the PRSs and at least one SRS among the SRSs for the radar sensing.

[0193] Aspect 8 is the method according to any one of Aspects 2 to 7, wherein the set of sensed measurement conditions may include a MIMO sensing opportunity. Transmitting the plurality of RSs may include transmitting at least one of the PRS, the CSI-RS, or the SRS using a plurality of ports for the MIMO sensing opportunity.

[0194] Aspect 9 is the method according to any one of Aspects 2 to 8, wherein the method may include: selecting the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing based on at least one sensed measurement report.

[0195] Aspect 10 is the method according to aspect 9, wherein selecting the plurality of RSs may include: (a) selecting at least two SSBs among the SSBs based on the target detection report of the at least one sensed measurement report; (b) selecting at least two PRSs among the PRSs based on the range estimation report of the at least one sensed measurement report; (c) selecting at least two TRSs among the TRSs based on the Doppler estimation report of the at least one sensed measurement report; or (d) selecting at least two CSI-RSs among the CSI-RSs based on the angle estimation report of the at least one sensed measurement report.

[0196] Aspect 11 is the method according to any one of aspects 9 or 10, wherein selecting the plurality of RSs may include: selecting at least one PRS among the PRSs and at least one CSI-RS among the CSI-RSs based on the range estimation report of the at least one sensed measurement report.

[0197] Aspect 12 is the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, wherein the configuration may include indicators of the periodicity, starting offset, and duration of the plurality of RSs. Transmitting the plurality of RSs based on the configuration may include: transmitting the plurality of RSs based on the periodicity, the starting offset, and the duration.

[0198] Aspect 13 is the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, wherein transmitting the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing may include transmitting the plurality of RSs using TDM, FDM, or SDM.

[0199] Aspect 14 is the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, wherein transmitting the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing may include continuously transmitting the plurality of RSs within a time period.

[0200] Aspect 15 is the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, wherein transmitting the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing may include transmitting the plurality of RSs using the same beam.

[0201] Aspect 16 is the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15, wherein the configuration may include an indicator of the association between the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing.

[0202] Aspect 17 is the method according to aspect 16, wherein the indicator may include a QCL indicator.

[0203] Aspect 18 is the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 17, wherein the method may include: receiving at least one sensed measurement report based on the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing. The at least one sensed measurement report may include the association between the measurement and the type of RS.

[0204] Aspect 19 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 18, wherein the method may include: receiving a sensing request associated with a second set of sensing measurement conditions based on the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing. The method may include: outputting a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on the second set of sensing measurement conditions for the second radar sensing. The method may include: transmitting the second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration.

[0205] Aspect 20 is the method according to Aspect 19, wherein the plurality of RSs may be associated with a first bandwidth. The second plurality of RSs may be associated with a second bandwidth. The first bandwidth may be narrower than the second bandwidth.

[0206] Aspect 21 is the method according to any one of Aspects 19 or 20, wherein the plurality of RSs may be associated with a first time-domain density. The second plurality of RSs may be associated with a second time-domain density. The first time-domain density may be higher than the second time-domain density.

[0207] Aspect 22 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 21, wherein the method may include: receiving at least one sensing measurement report based on the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing. The method may include: outputting a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on the at least one sensing measurement report. The method may include: transmitting the second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration.

[0208] Aspect 23 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 22, wherein the method may include: obtaining an indication of a conflict between the radar sensing and a communication opportunity. The method may include: outputting a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on the indication of the conflict. The method may include: transmitting the second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration.

[0209] Aspect 24 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 23, wherein outputting the configuration of the plurality of RSs may include outputting a set of configurations. Each configuration in the set of configurations may be associated with a different plurality of RSs. The method may include: receiving at least one sensing measurement report based on the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing. The method may include: outputting an indicator of a selection of a second configuration from the set of configurations based on the at least one sensing measurement report. The method may include: transmitting a second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration.

[0210] Aspect 25 is the method according to aspect 24, wherein the set of output configurations may include: transmitting an RRC configuration including the set of configurations.

[0211] Aspect 26 is the method according to any one of aspects 24 or 25, wherein the indicator of the selection of the second configuration may include: outputting a DCI or MAC-CE including the indicator of the selection of the second configuration.

[0212] Aspect 27 is a method for wireless communication at a wireless node, wherein the method may include: obtaining a configuration of a plurality of RSs based on a set of sensed measurement conditions, the set of sensed measurement conditions including one or more of range resolution for radar sensing, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, AoA measurement, AoD measurement, or MIMO sensing opportunity. The method may include: receiving the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing based on the configuration. The method may include: performing the radar sensing based on the received plurality of RSs. The wireless node may be a sensing node.

[0213] Aspect 28 is the method according to aspect 27, wherein the plurality of RSs may include at least two of PRS, TRS, CSI-RS, SRS, or SSB. Each SSB of the SSBs may include a PSS and an SSS.

[0214] Aspect 29 is the method according to aspect 28, wherein the set of sensed measurement conditions may include a required range resolution. Based on the required range resolution, the plurality of RSs may include at least one CSI-RS of the CSI-RSs, at least one PRS of the PRSs, and at least one SRS of the SRSs for the radar sensing. Receiving the plurality of RSs may include receiving at least one CSI-RS of the CSI-RSs, at least one PRS of the PRSs, and at least one SRS of the SRSs for the radar sensing. Performing the radar sensing may include performing the radar sensing on at least one CSI-RS of the CSI-RSs, at least one PRS of the PRSs, and at least one SRS of the SRSs.

[0215] Aspect 30 is the method according to any one of aspects 28 or 29, wherein the set of sensed measurement conditions may include a required velocity resolution. Based on the required velocity resolution, the plurality of RSs may include at least two TRSs of the TRSs or at least two PRSs of the PRSs for the radar sensing. Receiving the plurality of RSs may include receiving at least two TRSs of the TRSs or at least two PRSs of the PRSs for the radar sensing. Performing the radar sensing may include performing the radar sensing on at least two TRSs of the TRSs or at least two PRSs of the PRSs.

[0216] Aspect 31 is the method according to aspect 30, wherein at least two TRSs of the TRSs may be associated with a phase coherence duration greater than or equal to a phase coherence threshold based on the required velocity resolution.

[0217] Aspect 32 is the method according to any one of aspects 30 or 31, wherein at least two TRSs of the TRSs may be associated with phase coherence based on the required velocity resolution.

[0218] Aspect 33 is the method according to any one of aspects 28 to 32, wherein the set of sensed measurement conditions may include conditions for measuring AoA or AoD. Based on the conditions for measuring the AoA and the AoD, the plurality of RSs may include at least one SSB of the SSBs and at least one CSI-RS of the CSI-RSs. Based on the conditions for measuring the AoA and the AoD, the plurality of RSs may include at least one PRS of the PRSs and at least one SRS of the SRSs. Receiving the plurality of RSs may include receiving at least one SSB of the SSBs and at least one CSI-RS of the CSI-RSs for the radar sensing. Receiving the plurality of RSs may include receiving at least one PRS of the PRSs and at least one SRS of the SRSs for the radar sensing. Performing the radar sensing may include performing the radar sensing on at least one SSB of the SSBs and at least one CSI-RS of the CSI-RSs or on at least one PRS of the PRSs and at least one SRS of the SRSs.

[0219] Aspect 34 is the method according to any one of aspects 28 to 33, wherein the set of sensed measurement conditions may include MIMO sensing opportunities. Receiving the plurality of RSs may include using a plurality of ports to receive at least one of the PRS, the CSI-RS, or the SRS for the MIMO sensing opportunity. Performing the radar sensing may include using the plurality of ports to perform MIMO radar sensing on at least one of the PRS, the CSI-RS, or the SRS for the MIMO sensing opportunity.

[0220] Aspect 35 is the method according to any one of aspects 27 to 34, wherein the configuration may include indicators of the periodicity, starting offset, and duration of the plurality of RSs. Receiving the plurality of RSs based on the configuration may include: receiving the plurality of RSs based on the periodicity, the starting offset, and the duration.

[0221] Aspect 36 is the method according to any one of aspects 27 to 35, wherein the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing may be multiplexed using TDM, FDM, or SDM.

[0222] Aspect 37 is the method according to any one of aspects 27 to 36, wherein receiving the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing may include continuously receiving the plurality of RSs over a period of time.

[0223] Aspect 38 is the method according to aspect 37, wherein performing the radar sensing based on the received plurality of RSs may include: correlating the received plurality of RSs with each other based on continuously receiving the received plurality of RSs over the period of time. Performing the radar sensing based on the received plurality of RSs may include: fusing the measurement results of the received plurality of RSs based on the correlation.

[0224] Aspect 39 is the method according to any one of aspects 27 to 38, wherein receiving the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing may include receiving the plurality of RSs using the same beam.

[0225] Aspect 40 is the method according to aspect 39, wherein performing the radar sensing based on the received plurality of Rs may include: correlating the received plurality of RSs with each other based on receiving the received plurality of RSs using the same beam. Performing the radar sensing based on the received plurality of RSs may include: fusing the measurement results of the received plurality of RSs based on the correlation.

[0226] Aspect 41 is the method according to any one of aspects 27 to 40, wherein the configuration may include an indicator of the correlation between the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing.

[0227] Aspect 42 is the method according to aspect 41, wherein performing the radar sensing based on the received plurality of RSs may include: fusing the measurement results of the received plurality of RSs based on the indicator of the association between the plurality of RSs.

[0228] Aspect 43 is the method according to any one of aspects 41 or 42, wherein the indicator may include a QCL indicator.

[0229] Aspect 44 is the method according to any one of aspects 27 to 43, wherein the method may include: sending at least one sensing measurement report based on the radar sensing. The at least one sensing measurement report may include an association between a measurement and a type of RS.

[0230] Aspect 45 is the method according to any one of aspects 27 to 44, wherein the method may include: sending a sensing request associated with a second set of sensing measurement conditions based on the radar sensing. The method may include: obtaining a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs for a second radar sensing based on the second set of sensing measurement conditions for the second radar sensing. The method may include: receiving the second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration. The method may include: performing the second radar sensing based on the received second plurality of RSs.

[0231] Aspect 46 is the method according to aspect 45, wherein the plurality of RSs may be associated with a first bandwidth. The second plurality of RSs may be associated with a second bandwidth. The first bandwidth may be narrower than the second bandwidth.

[0232] Aspect 47 is the method according to any one of aspects 45 or 46, wherein the plurality of RSs may be associated with a first time-domain density. The second plurality of RSs may be associated with a second time-domain density. The first time-domain density may be higher than the second time-domain density.

[0233] Aspect 48 is the method according to any one of aspects 27 to 47, wherein the method may include: sending at least one sensing measurement report based on the radar sensing. The method may include: obtaining a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on the at least one sensing measurement report. The method may include: receiving the second plurality of RSs for a second radar sensing based on the second configuration. The method may include: performing the second radar sensing based on the received second plurality of RSs.

[0234] Aspect 49 is the method according to any one of aspects 27 to 48, wherein the method may include: obtaining a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on an indication of a conflict between the radar sensing and communication opportunities. The method may include: receiving the second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration. The method may include: performing the second radar sensing based on the received second plurality of RSs.

[0235] Aspect 50 is the method according to any one of aspects 27 to 49, wherein obtaining the configuration of the plurality of RSs may include obtaining a set of configurations. Each configuration in the set of configurations may be associated with a different plurality of RSs. The method may include: transmitting at least one sensing measurement report based on the radar sensing. The method may include: obtaining an indicator of a selection of a second configuration from the set of configurations based on the at least one sensing measurement report. The method may include: receiving a second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration. The method may include: performing the second radar sensing based on the received second plurality of RSs.

[0236] Aspect 51 is the method according to aspect 50, wherein obtaining the set of configurations may include: obtaining an RRC configuration including the set of configurations.

[0237] Aspect 52 is the method according to any one of aspects 50 to 51, wherein obtaining the indicator of the selection of the second configuration may include: obtaining a DCI or MAC-CE including the indicator of the selection of the second configuration.

[0238] Aspect 53 is a device for wireless communication, the device including: a memory; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the memory and configured to implement any one of aspects 1 to 52 at least in part based on information stored in the memory.

[0239] Aspect 54 is the device according to aspect 53, the device further including at least one of an antenna or a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

[0240] Aspect 55 is a device for wireless communication, the device including components for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 52.

[0241] Aspect 56 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 1 to 52.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless node, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, and at least partially based on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor being configured to: obtain a configuration of a plurality of reference signals (RSs) based on a set of sensed measurement conditions, the set of sensed measurement conditions including one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, angle of arrival (AoA) measurement, angle of departure (AoD) measurement, or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sensing opportunity for radar sensing; receive the plurality of Rs for the radar sensing based on the configuration; and perform the radar sensing based on the received plurality of RSs.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of RSs includes at least two of positioning reference signals (PRSs), tracking reference signals (TRSs), channel state information (CSI) reference signals (RSs) (CSI-RSs), sounding reference signals (SRSs), or synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), and wherein each SSB of the SSBs includes a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS).

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the set of sensed measurement conditions includes a MIMO sensing opportunity, wherein, in order to receive the plurality of RSs, the at least one processor is configured to use a plurality of ports to receive at least one of the PRS, the CSI-RS, or the SRS for the MIMO sensing opportunity, and wherein, in order to perform the radar sensing, the at least one processor is configured to use the plurality of ports to perform MIMO radar sensing on at least one of the PRS, the CSI-RS, or the SRS for the MIMO sensing opportunity.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device further comprises: a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, the transceiver being configured to receive the plurality of RSs, wherein, in order to receive the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing, the at least one processor is configured to: continuously receive the plurality of RSs over a period of time.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, in order to perform the radar sensing based on the received plurality of RSs, the at least one processor is configured to: correlate the received plurality of RSs with each other based on continuously receiving the received plurality of RSs over the period of time; and fuse measurement results of the received plurality of RSs based on the correlation.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in order to receive the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing, the at least one processor is configured to: receive the plurality of RSs using the same beam.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein, in order to perform the radar sensing based on the received plurality of RSs, the at least one processor is configured to: correlate the received plurality of RSs with each other based on receiving the received plurality of RSs using the same beam; and fuse measurement results of the received plurality of RSs based on the correlation.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the configuration includes an indicator for the association between the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein, in order to perform the radar sensing based on the received plurality of RSs, the at least one processor is configured to: Fuse the measurement results of the received plurality of RSs based on the indicator of the association between the plurality of RSs.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Output a sensing request associated with a second set of sensing measurement conditions based on the radar sensing; Obtain a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on the second set of sensing measurement conditions for a second radar sensing; Receive the second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration; And Perform the second radar sensing based on the received second plurality of RSs.

11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Output at least one sensing measurement report based on the radar sensing; Obtain a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on the at least one sensed measurement report; Receive the second plurality of RSs for a second radar sensing based on the second configuration; And Perform the second radar sensing based on the received second plurality of RSs.

12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Obtain a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on an indication of a conflict between the radar sensing and a communication opportunity; Receive the second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration; And Perform the second radar sensing based on the received second plurality of RSs.

13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in order to obtain the configuration of the plurality of RSs, the at least one processor is configured to receive a set of configurations, wherein each configuration in the set of configurations is associated with a different plurality of RSs, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Output at least one sensing measurement report based on the radar sensing; Obtain an indicator of a selection of a second configuration from the set of configurations based on the at least one sensing measurement report; Receive a second plurality of RSs for a second radar sensing based on the second configuration; And Perform the second radar sensing based on the received second plurality of RSs.

14. An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless node, the apparatus comprising: A memory; And At least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the memory and at least partially based on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor is configured to: Output a configuration of a plurality of reference signals (RSs) based on a set of sensing measurement conditions, the set of sensing measurement conditions including one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, angle of arrival (AoA) measurement, angle of departure (AoD) measurement, or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sensing opportunity for radar sensing; and Transmit the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing based on the configuration.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the plurality of RSs includes at least two of positioning reference signals (PRSs), tracking reference signals (TRSs), channel state information (CSI) reference signals (RSs) (CSI-RSs), sounding reference signals (SRSs), or synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), and wherein each SSB of the SSBs includes a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS).

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the set of sensing measurement conditions includes a required range resolution, and based on the required range resolution, the plurality of RSs includes at least one CSI-RS of the CSI-RSs, at least one PRS of the PRSs, and at least one SRS of the SRSs for the radar sensing, and wherein, in order to transmit the plurality of RSs, the at least one processor is configured to transmit at least one CSI-RS of the CSI-RSs, at least one PRS of the PRSs, and at least one SRS of the SRSs for the radar sensing.

17. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the set of sensing measurement conditions includes a required velocity resolution, and based on the required velocity resolution, the plurality of RSs includes at least two TRSs of the TRSs or at least two PRSs of the PRSs for the radar sensing, and wherein, in order to transmit the plurality of RSs, the at least one processor is configured to transmit at least two TRSs of the TRSs or at least two PRSs of the PRSs for the radar sensing, and wherein at least two of the TRSs are associated with a phase coherence duration greater than or equal to a phase coherence threshold based on the required velocity resolution, or wherein at least two of the PRSs are associated with phase coherence based on the required velocity resolution.

18. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the set of sensing measurement conditions includes conditions for measuring AoA or AoD, and based on the conditions for measuring the AoA and the AoD, the plurality of RSs includes at least one SSB of the SSBs and at least one CSI-RS of the CSI-RSs, or includes at least one PRS of the PRSs and at least one SRS of the SRSs, and wherein, in order to transmit the plurality of RSs, the at least one processor is configured to transmit at least one SSB of the SSBs and at least one CSI-RS of the CSI-RSs, or transmit at least one PRS of the PRSs and at least one SRS of the SRSs for the radar sensing.

19. The device according to claim 15, wherein the device further comprises: A transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, the transceiver being configured to transmit the plurality of RSs, wherein the set of sensing measurement conditions includes MIMO sensing opportunities, and wherein, in order to transmit the plurality of RSs, the at least one processor is configured to: Use multiple ports to transmit at least one of the PRS, the CSI-RS, or the SRS for the MIMO sensing occasion.

20. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Select the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing based on at least one sensing measurement report.

21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein to select the plurality of RSs, the at least one processor is configured to: (a) select at least two SSBs among the S SBs based on the target detection report of the at least one sensing measurement report, (b) select at least two PRSs among the PRSs based on the range estimation report of the at least one sensing measurement report, (c) select at least two TRSs among the TRSs based on the Doppler estimation report of the at least one sensing measurement report, or (d) select at least two CSI-RSs among the CSI-RSs based on the angle estimation report of the at least one sensing measurement report.

22. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein to select the plurality of RSs, the at least one processor is configured to select at least one PRS among the PRSs and at least one CSI-RS among the CSI-RSs based on the range estimation report of the at least one sensing measurement report.

23. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein to transmit the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing, the at least one processor is configured to continuously transmit the plurality of RSs within a period of time.

24. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the configuration includes an indicator of the association between the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing.

25. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Receive a sensing request associated with a second set of sensing measurement conditions based on the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing; Output a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on the second set of sensing measurement conditions for a second radar sensing; and Transmit the second plurality of RSs for the second radar sensing based on the second configuration.

26. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Obtain at least one sensing measurement report based on the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing; Output a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on the at least one sensing measurement report; And Transmit the second plurality of RSs for a second radar sensing based on the second configuration.

27. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Obtain an indication of a conflict between the radar sensing and the communication occasion; Output a second configuration of a second plurality of RSs based on the indication of the conflict; and Transmit the second plurality of RSs for a second radar sensing based on the second configuration.

28. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein, for sending the configuration of the plurality of RSs, the at least one processor is configured to send a set of configurations, wherein each configuration in the set of configurations is associated with a different plurality of RSs, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: obtain at least one sensing measurement report based on the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing; output an indication of a selection of a second configuration from the set of configurations based on the at least one sensing measurement report; and send a second plurality of RSs for a second radar sensing based on the second configuration.

29. A method for wireless communication at a wireless node, the method comprising: obtaining a configuration of a plurality of reference signals (RSs) based on a set of sensing measurement conditions, the set of sensing measurement conditions including one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, angle of arrival (AoA) measurement, angle of departure (AoD) measurement, or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sensing opportunity for radar sensing; receiving the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing based on the configuration; and performing the radar sensing based on the received plurality of RSs.

30. A method for wireless communication at a wireless node, the method comprising: outputting a configuration of a plurality of reference signals (RSs) based on a set of sensing measurement conditions, the set of sensing measurement conditions including one or more of range resolution, maximum range, velocity resolution, maximum velocity, velocity range, angle of arrival (AoA) measurement, angle of departure (AoD) measurement, or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sensing opportunity for radar sensing; and sending the plurality of RSs for the radar sensing based on the configuration.

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