Early-maturing promoting cultivation method for greenhouse grapes

Abstract

The invention provides a greenhouse grape early-maturing-promoting cultivation method which comprises the following cultivation steps that S1, a gobi land parcel is excavated by 1.2 m to form a semi-underground structure, and a wall body is formed by mixing and ramming local gravel, straw and a cement curing agent. Efficient utilization of photo-thermal resources and facility stability are achieved under extreme climate, a degradable root limiting container and a biochar improved matrix are adopted, a root system micro-domain environment is improved, soil degradation is avoided, a multi-parameter sensing and photo-temperature coupling model can accurately regulate and control the dormancy period and the germination process, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. Meanwhile, active defense of disasters such as sand and dust and cold waves is achieved through an adversity response mechanism, the fruit quality and production benefits are remarkably improved, and a sustainable cultivation scheme with high environmental adaptability and high resource intensification degree is provided for the arid gobi area facility grape industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of grape cultivation, and specifically provides a method for promoting early cultivation of greenhouse grapes. Background Art

[0002] Although the areas of Jiayuguan and Jiuquan in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu belong to arid gobi landforms, they have unique advantages: the average annual sunshine exceeds 3,000 hours, and the temperature difference between day and night reaches more than 15 °C, which is conducive to the accumulation of glucose and the synthesis of flavor substances in grapes; there is abundant gobi wasteland resources, and the cost of large-scale development is low, which can develop facility agriculture on a large scale; the local climate is dry and there are few pests and diseases, reducing the dependence on pesticides and meeting the needs of green production; Traditional grape cultivation techniques face significant limitations in the above-mentioned arid gobi areas in the northwest: firstly, the conventional greenhouse structure is single, with insufficient heat preservation and wind and sand prevention performance, and the temperature difference between day and night fluctuates greatly, resulting in uneven germination and frequent frost damage; secondly, it relies on manual experience to regulate the dormancy period and water and fertilizer management, lacking precise environmental monitoring means, and it is easy to have insufficient low-temperature cold storage or excessive temperature rise, and the synchronization of breaking natural dormancy is poor; thirdly, the gobi sandy soil has weak water and fertilizer retention capacity, and traditional layered soil improvement is prone to substrate hardening due to irrigation, and the problem of root hypoxia is prominent; fourthly, extensive drip irrigation and improper fertilizer ratio exacerbate water resource waste and soil salinization, and the fruit quality stability is poor. These problems seriously restrict the early maturity, high yield and economic benefits of grapes in the gobi area. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical Problems to be Solved In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for promoting early cultivation of greenhouse grapes, which solves the problem that the existing grape cultivation techniques face significant limitations in the arid gobi areas in the northwest.

[0004] Technical Solutions

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A method for promoting early cultivation of greenhouse grapes includes the following cultivation steps: S1. Dig 1.2 meters deep in the gobi plot to form a semi-underground structure. The wall is rammed with a mixture of local sand and gravel, straw, and cement curing agent, with a thickness of 1.8 meters. A 5 cm polystyrene foam board and a 2 cm aluminum foil reflective film are attached to the inner side of the north wall to form a "heat preservation layer + reflective layer + rammed earth" composite structure. The outer layer is a liftable wind and sand prevention metal net, and the inner layer is a PO-coated self-cleaning film. The wind speed sensor is linked to control the windproof net. The shed roof is installed with a spectral selective reflective heat preservation quilt, which reflects ultraviolet light during the day and long-wave radiation at night, and realizes automatic rolling through a temperature and light sensor; S2. Dig a planting trench with a depth of 60 cm and a width of 80 cm. Straw biochar is laid at the bottom layer, and a mixed matrix of decomposed sheep manure, gobi sandy soil, biochar, and water retainer is filled in the middle layer. The upper layer is covered with a coconut coir, vermiculite, and humic acid composite water retention layer, and the total porosity is increased by 25%; S3. Use biodegradable non-woven bags to wrap the roots of grape trees. Pre-buried vertical root guide tubes with a diameter of 5 cm in the bags can induce horizontal root expansion. After planting, water thoroughly and cover with black mulch to suppress weeds and retain moisture. S4. Install soil moisture sensors at a depth of 25 cm underground, and dynamically adjust the water content of the substrate to 18-22%; S5. Circular drip irrigation belts are used for one-year-old seedlings, and radial drip irrigation pipes are used for plants over two years old; S6, drip irrigation with high nitrogen fertilizer during the budding period, adding seaweed extract and chelated calcium, switching to high potassium fertilizer during the fruit expansion period, and simultaneously supplementing the concentration to 800ppm through the CO2 diffuser on the roof; S7, spray 0.2% borax + 0.1% zinc sulfate on the leaves 7 days before flowering, prune the fruit clusters 10 days after flowering, keep 60-80 fruits in each cluster, cover the fruit with UV-B transparent filter during the color change period for 10-15 days, and increase the anthocyanin content of the fruit skin by 20%; S8. When encountering dusty weather during the cultivation process, the windproof net will be automatically closed, and a high-voltage electrostatic dust removal device will be installed on the outside of the greenhouse film. A high-pressure air gun will be used to clean the greenhouse film once every 10 days to reduce dust adhesion. The solar heat storage buried pipe system will be used at night. During cold waves, a double-layer thermal blanket will be added and the biomass hot air furnace will be started simultaneously to maintain the night temperature ≥ 6°C.

[0006] Preferably, temperature, humidity, light and wind speed sensors are arranged in the shed in S1, and the data are transmitted to the control system in real time, so as to jointly regulate the thermal insulation blanket, windproof net and supplementary lighting equipment to ensure that the minimum temperature at night is ≥6°C.

[0007] Preferably, the S2, S3 and S4 need to be dormant and promoted to germinate after planting. The entire dormancy and promotion process is divided into two stages, namely, a low-temperature cold storage stage and a step-by-step warming and light supplementation germination stage.

[0008] Preferably, the low-temperature cold storage stage is: closing the greenhouse in mid-October, controlling the daytime temperature ≤ 10°C and the night temperature ≤ 7°C, for 20-25 days, with the cumulative effective low-temperature hours ≥ 580 hours, and simultaneously verifying the dormancy release state through bud conductivity detection.

[0009] Preferably, the step-by-step temperature increase and supplementary light germination stage is: starting from early December, the thermal blanket is uncovered from 10:00 to 16:00 every day, the daytime temperature is increased by 2°C every 3 days until it stabilizes at 25°C, and the night temperature is constant at 10±1°C; during the germination period, the adjustable spectrum LED light source is turned on from 17:00 to 20:00 every day to extend the light to 14 hours to promote germination synchronization.

[0010] Preferably, in S5, the radius of the annular drip irrigation tape is 30 cm, 8 drippers are used, the radial drip irrigation pipe has 6 branches, the coverage radius is 50 cm, and the dripper flow rate is 2.2 L / h.

[0011] Preferably, in S6, UV-B supplementary lighting needs to be turned on daily during the color-changing period, combined with the intermittent operation of the mini axial flow fan between rows to control the humidity ≤ 60% to promote anthocyanin synthesis.

[0012] Beneficial effects

[0013] The present invention provides a method for promoting early cultivation of greenhouse grapes. It has the following beneficial effects: Through the dynamic wind and sand prevention and light transmission system and the composite wall design, the present invention realizes the efficient utilization of light and heat resources and the stability of facilities under extreme climates. The degradable root-limiting container and biochar-improved substrate are used to improve the root microenvironment and avoid soil degradation. The multi-parameter sensing and light-temperature coupling model can accurately control the dormancy period and germination process. At the same time, through the adversity response mechanism, it realizes the active defense against disasters such as sandstorms and cold snaps, significantly improves the fruit quality and production benefits, and provides a sustainable cultivation plan with strong environmental adaptability and high resource intensiveness for the greenhouse grape industry in arid gobi areas. Specific embodiments

[0014] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0015] Embodiment

[0016] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for promoting early cultivation of greenhouse grapes, including the following cultivation steps: S1. Dig a 1.2-meter-deep semi-underground structure in the gobi plot. The wall is rammed with a mixture of local sand and gravel, straw, and cement curing agent, with a thickness of 1.8 meters. A 5-cm polystyrene foam board and a 2-cm aluminum foil reflective film are pasted on the inner side of the north wall to form a "thermal insulation layer + reflective layer + rammed earth" composite structure. The outer layer is a liftable wind and sand prevention metal net, and the inner layer is a PO-coated self-cleaning film. The wind speed sensor is linked to control the wind prevention net. The shed roof is installed with a spectral selective reflective thermal insulation quilt, which reflects ultraviolet light during the day and long-wave radiation at night, and realizes automatic rolling through the temperature and light sensor. S2. Dig a planting trench with a depth of 60 cm × width of 80 cm. Straw biochar is laid at the bottom layer, and a mixed substrate of decomposed sheep manure, gobi sandy soil, biochar, and water-retaining agent is filled in the middle layer. A coconut coir, vermiculite, and humic acid composite water-retaining layer is covered on the upper layer, and the total porosity is increased by 25%.

[0017] S3. Use biodegradable non-woven bags to wrap the roots of grape trees. Pre-buried vertical root guide tubes with a diameter of 5 cm in the bags can induce horizontal root expansion. After planting, water thoroughly and cover with black mulch to suppress weeds and retain moisture. S4. Install soil moisture sensors at a depth of 25 cm underground, and dynamically adjust the water content of the substrate to 18-22%; S5. Circular drip irrigation belts are used for one-year-old seedlings, and radial drip irrigation pipes are used for plants over two years old; S6, drip irrigation with high nitrogen fertilizer during the budding period, adding seaweed extract and chelated calcium, switching to high potassium fertilizer during the fruit expansion period, and simultaneously supplementing the concentration to 800ppm through the CO2 diffuser on the roof; S7, spray 0.2% borax + 0.1% zinc sulfate on the leaves 7 days before flowering, prune the fruit clusters 10 days after flowering, keep 60-80 fruits in each cluster, cover the fruit with UV-B transparent filter during the color change period for 10-15 days, and increase the anthocyanin content of the fruit skin by 20%; S8. When encountering dusty weather during the cultivation process, the windproof net will be automatically closed, and a high-voltage electrostatic dust removal device will be installed on the outside of the greenhouse film. A high-pressure air gun will be used to clean the greenhouse film once every 10 days to reduce dust adhesion. The solar heat storage buried pipe system will be used at night. During cold waves, a double-layer thermal blanket will be added and the biomass hot air furnace will be started simultaneously to maintain the night temperature ≥ 6°C.

[0018] Temperature, humidity, light and wind speed sensors are arranged in the S1 shed. The data is transmitted to the control system in real time, which jointly regulates the thermal blanket, windproof net and supplementary lighting equipment to ensure that the minimum temperature at night is ≥6℃.

[0019] S2, S3 and S4 need dormancy regulation and germination promotion after planting. The entire dormancy regulation and germination promotion process is divided into two stages, namely the low-temperature cold storage stage and the step-by-step warming and supplementary light germination stage.

[0020] The low-temperature cold storage stage is: close the greenhouse in mid-October, control the day temperature ≤10℃ and the night temperature ≤7℃, which lasts for 20-25 days, and the cumulative effective low-temperature hours are ≥580 hours. Simultaneously, the dormancy release state is verified through bud conductivity detection.

[0021] The step-by-step temperature increase and supplementary light germination stage is: starting from early December, the thermal blanket is uncovered from 10:00 to 16:00 every day, the daytime temperature is increased by 2°C every 3 days until it stabilizes at 25°C, and the night temperature is constant at 10±1°C; during the germination period, the adjustable spectrum LED light source is turned on from 17:00 to 20:00 every day to extend the light to 14 hours to promote germination synchronization.

[0022] The radius of the annular drip irrigation belt in S5 is 30 cm, 8 drippers are used, the radial drip irrigation pipe has 6 branches, the coverage radius is 50 cm, and the dripper flow rate is 2.2 L / h.

[0023] During the S6 color transition period, UV-B supplementary lighting needs to be turned on every day. Combined with the intermittent operation of the in-row micro axial flow fans, the humidity is controlled ≤ 60% to promote anthocyanin synthesis.

[0024] Comparative Example 1: Grapes are cultivated using traditional methods (single-layer rammed earth wall, ordinary PO film, gravel + sheep manure layered soil improvement, manual experience temperature control, conventional drip irrigation).

[0025] Experimental Example: Select the same gobi plot in Jiuquan, Gansu. Select grapevines of the same variety with the same planting density and tree age. Cultivate using the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 above. The management period is 1 year. After one year, multi-faceted data is measured. The specific measurement data is shown in Table 1 below: Table 1

[0026] In summary, the method of the present invention is significantly superior to traditional technologies in terms of environmental stability, resource utilization efficiency, fruit quality, and cold resistance. It is particularly outstanding in core indicators such as water conservation and moisture preservation (the soil water retention rate increases by 41.7%), precise regulation (the germination uniformity increases by 26.7%), early maturity and high quality (the maturity period is shortened by 25%), providing a quantifiable technical upgrade solution for the production of protected grapes in gobi areas.

[0027] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for promoting early cultivation of greenhouse grapes, characterized in that, The cultivation steps include: S1. Dig 1.2 meters under the Gobi land to form a semi-underground structure. The wall is rammed with a mixture of local sand, straw, and cement curing agent, with a thickness of 1.8 meters. The inner side of the north wall is covered with a 5cm polystyrene foam board and a 2cm aluminum foil reflective film to form a composite structure of "insulation layer + reflective layer + rammed earth". The outer layer is a liftable wind and sandproof metal mesh, and the inner layer is a PO-coated self-cleaning film. The wind speed sensor controls the windproof net in linkage. The roof is equipped with a spectrally selective reflective insulation blanket, which reflects ultraviolet light during the day and long-wave radiation at night. It can be automatically rolled up and unrolled through a temperature and light sensor; S2. Dig a planting ditch with a depth of 60 cm and a width of 80 cm, lay straw biochar on the bottom layer, fill the middle layer with a mixed matrix of decomposed sheep manure, Gobi sand, biochar, and water retaining agent, and cover the upper layer with a composite water retaining layer of coconut bran, vermiculite, and humic acid, increasing the total porosity by 25%; S3. Use biodegradable non-woven bags to wrap the roots of grape trees. Pre-buried vertical root guide tubes with a diameter of 5 cm in the bags can induce horizontal root expansion. After planting, water thoroughly and cover with black mulch to suppress weeds and retain moisture. S4. Install soil moisture sensors at a depth of 25 cm underground, and dynamically adjust the water content of the substrate to 18-22%; S5. Circular drip irrigation belts are used for one-year-old seedlings, and radial drip irrigation pipes are used for plants over two years old; S6, drip irrigation with high nitrogen fertilizer during the budding period, adding seaweed extract and chelated calcium, switching to high potassium fertilizer during the fruit expansion period, and simultaneously supplementing the concentration to 800ppm through the CO2 diffuser on the roof; S7, spray 0.2% borax + 0.1% zinc sulfate on the leaves 7 days before flowering, prune the fruit clusters 10 days after flowering, keep 60-80 fruits in each cluster, cover the fruit with UV-B transparent filter during the color change period for 10-15 days, and increase the anthocyanin content of the fruit skin by 20%; S8. When encountering dusty weather during the cultivation process, the windproof net will be automatically closed, and a high-voltage electrostatic dust removal device will be installed on the outside of the greenhouse film. A high-pressure air gun will be used to clean the greenhouse film once every 10 days to reduce dust adhesion. The solar heat storage buried pipe system will be used at night. During cold waves, a double-layer thermal blanket will be added and the biomass hot air furnace will be started simultaneously to maintain the night temperature ≥ 6°C.

2. The early promotion cultivation method of greenhouse grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Temperature, humidity, light and wind speed sensors are arranged in the S1 shed, and the data are transmitted to the control system in real time, which jointly regulates the thermal insulation blanket, windproof net and supplementary lighting equipment to ensure that the minimum temperature at night is ≥6°C.

3. A method for promoting early cultivation of greenhouse grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2, S3 and S4 need to be dormant and promoted to germinate after planting. The entire dormancy and promotion process is divided into two stages, namely, a low-temperature cold storage stage and a step-by-step warming and light supplementary germination stage.

4. A method for promoting early cultivation of greenhouse grapes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The low-temperature cold storage stage is: closing the greenhouse in mid-October, controlling the daytime temperature ≤ 10°C and the night temperature ≤ 7°C, which lasts for 20-25 days, with the cumulative effective low-temperature hours ≥ 580 hours, and simultaneously verifying the dormancy release state through bud conductivity detection.

5. A method for promoting early cultivation of greenhouse grapes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step-by-step temperature increase and supplementary light germination stage is as follows: starting from early December, the thermal blanket is uncovered from 10:00 to 16:00 every day, the daytime temperature is increased by 2°C every 3 days until it stabilizes at 25°C, and the night temperature is constant at 10±1°C; during the germination period, the adjustable spectrum LED light source is turned on from 17:00 to 20:00 every day to extend the light to 14 hours to promote germination synchronization.

6. The early promotion cultivation method of greenhouse grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the radius of the annular drip irrigation tape is 30 cm, and 8 drippers are used. The radial drip irrigation pipe has 6 branches, with a coverage radius of 50 cm and a dripper flow rate of 2.2 L / h.

7. A method for promoting early cultivation of greenhouse grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S6, during the color-changing period, UV-B supplementary lighting needs to be turned on daily, combined with the intermittent operation of the in-row micro axial flow fans, to control the humidity ≤ 60% to promote anthocyanin synthesis.

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