Method for improving pollination fruit setting rate of camellia oleifera

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the pollination fruit setting rate of camellia oleifera. The method comprises the steps of pollen collection and treatment, pollen liquid preparation, spray pollination and subsequent management. The pollen is prepared into the suspension liquid through pollen collection, pollination is performed in a spraying mode, compared with traditional manual smearing pollination, operation is simpler, more convenient and more efficient, the labor intensity is greatly reduced, the pollination efficiency is improved, and application and popularization in a large-area camellia oleifera plantation are facilitated. A surfactant, boric acid and cane sugar are added in the pollen liquid preparation process, an amino acid foliar fertilizer is sprayed in subsequent management, the germination rate and the pollination success rate of pollen are remarkably increased through the synergistic effect of the four components, and therefore the fruit setting rate of camellia oleifera is effectively increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural and forestry crop planting, and more particularly to a method for improving the pollination and fruit setting rate of oil tea. Background Art

[0002] Camellia oleifera is a woody edible oil plant. The tea oil extracted from its seeds is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, has extremely high nutritional value and health functions, and is highly favored in the edible oil market. With the increasing demand for healthy food, the oil tea industry has developed rapidly. However, in the actual planting process, camellia oleifera faces many challenges, among which the low pollination and fruit setting rate is one of the key factors restricting the increase in oil tea production.

[0003] Camellia oleifera is an insect-pollinated flower, which mainly relies on insects for pollination under natural conditions. However, camellia oleifera trees generally bloom after the Cold Dew solar term in autumn, and the flowering period lasts until the Heavy Snow solar term in winter, that is, the flowering period of camellia oleifera is in the autumn and winter seasons, when the temperature is low and the insects' activity ability is weakened, resulting in a low frequency of insect visits to the flowers and poor pollination. In addition, the floral organ structure of camellia oleifera is relatively special, with the stigma located at a high position. Its pollen is heavy and difficult to reach, further increasing the difficulty of pollination. Under natural pollination conditions, the fruit setting rate of camellia oleifera is usually only between 10% and 30%, which seriously affects the economic benefits of camellia oleifera cultivation and the prospects for industrial development.

[0004] In order to improve the pollination and fruit setting rate of oil tea, a variety of measures have been taken in production. For example, artificial bees are used to increase the number of pollinating insects. Common pollinating bee species include honey bees and wall bees, but honey bees are not very enthusiastic about collecting oil tea pollen. Oil tea pollen contains alkaloids that are toxic to honey bees, which will affect the life span and health of honey bees. In severe cases, it will affect the healthy development of the bee colony. Therefore, the pollination effect of honey bees is extremely unstable. Although wall bees have a good ability to collect oil tea pollen, under the low temperature environment during the oil tea flowering period, the activities of wall bees leaving the nest are also greatly restricted. Artificial assisted pollination is also a common means. The traditional artificial assisted pollination method mainly uses tools such as brushes and cotton balls to dip pollen and apply it on the stigma. Although this method can improve the pollination success rate to a certain extent, it is cumbersome to operate, labor-intensive, and requires a lot of manpower and time. It is difficult to promote and apply it on a large scale in large-scale oil tea plantations. Moreover, if the artificial pollination process is improperly operated, it may also cause damage to the flower organs, which will reduce the fruit setting rate instead.

[0005] In summary, the existing methods for pollinating camellia oleifera have many shortcomings, and developing an efficient, simple and economically feasible method is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for improving the pollination and fruit - setting rate of oil - tea camellia, which is operated by collecting pollen, preparing pollen liquid and spraying with an automated machine, so as to improve the fruit - setting rate and reduce the labor intensity.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for improving the pollination and fruit - setting rate of oil - tea camellia, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Pollen collection and treatment

[0010] Select the oil - tea camellia flowers that are about to bloom in the morning on a sunny and windless day during the full - bloom period of oil - tea camellia, bring them into the room, take out the anthers, place the anthers in a dry and ventilated place until the anthers crack, sieve out the pollen and store it at low temperature in the dark;

[0011] Step 2: Preparation of pollen liquid

[0012] Add a surfactant to water, and then disperse the pollen collected in Step 1 in the water to obtain a pollen dispersion;

[0013] Add boric acid and sucrose to the pollen dispersion, mix evenly to obtain pollen liquid;

[0014] Step 3: Spray pollination

[0015] Place the pollen liquid obtained in Step 2 in a spraying device, and when the stigma of the female flower secretes mucus, select a windless day to evenly spray the pollen liquid on the female flowers of oil - tea camellia until the stigma of the female flower is wet but does not drip water;

[0016] Step 4: Subsequent management

[0017] Spray amino acid foliar fertilizer 7 - 9 days after spraying the pollen liquid.

[0018] Preferably, the collection time in Step 1 is from 9 to 11 am, and the low - temperature storage temperature is 2 - 6 °C.

[0019] Preferably, the surfactant in Step 2 is Tween 20, and the addition amount in water is 0.01% - 0.1% of the water mass.

[0020] Preferably, the mass ratio of pollen to water in Step 2 is 1:500 - 1000.

[0021] Preferably, the addition amount of boric acid in Step 2 is 0.1% - 0.3% of the water mass, and the addition amount of sucrose is 0.5% - 1.0% of the water mass.

[0022] Preferably, the spraying device in Step 3 is a spraying unmanned aerial vehicle or a sprayer, and the droplet diameter is 80 - 120 μm.

[0023] Preferably, in step three, the spraying distance is 30-50 cm from the nozzle to the female flower.

[0024] Preferably, in step three, the pollen solution is sprayed 2-3 times, with an interval of 2-3 days each time.

[0025] Preferably, if it rains within 3 hours after spraying the pollen solution in step three, it should be re-sprayed in a timely manner after the rain stops.

[0026] Preferably, in step four, the mass concentration of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is 0.2%-0.5%.

[0027] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a method for improving the pollination and fruit setting rate of oil-tea camellia, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] In the present invention, pollen is collected, made into a suspension and pollinated by spraying. Compared with traditional manual smearing pollination, the operation is more convenient and efficient, greatly reducing the labor intensity, improving the pollination efficiency, and being conducive to popularization and application in large-scale oil-tea camellia plantations;

[0029] In the technical solution of the present invention, a surfactant, boric acid and sucrose are added during the preparation of the pollen solution. The surfactant can promote the dispersion of pollen in water, facilitating uniform pollination; boric acid can promote the germination and elongation of pollen tubes, and sucrose provides nutrients for pollen germination. At the same time, sucrose can also increase the viscosity of water, not only improving the pollen suspension effect and promoting dispersion, but also promoting the attachment of pollen to the pistil after spraying. After pollination, an amino acid foliar fertilizer is also sprayed to provide nutrients. The four work together synergistically, significantly increasing the pollen germination rate and pollination success rate, thereby effectively improving the fruit setting rate of oil-tea camellia. Specific Embodiments

[0030] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] Step 1: Pollen collection and treatment

[0033] During the full bloom period of Camellia oleifera, at 9 am on a sunny and windless day in the Camellia oleifera plantation, collect 500 robust Camellia oleifera flowers that are about to bloom. Bring the collected flowers back indoors and place them in a well-ventilated and shaded area to air-dry for 24 hours. After the flowers are slightly dehydrated, carefully remove the anthers with forceps, spread the anthers on a clean white paper, and place them in a dry and ventilated place for further drying for 12 hours. At this time, the anthers crack and release pollen. Sieve out the pure pollen with a 100-mesh fine sieve, put the pollen into a dry glass bottle, and store it in the refrigerator freezer at 4°C in the dark for later use;

[0034] Step Two: Preparation of pollen solution

[0035] Take out the stored pollen, weigh 1 g of pollen, add it to 1000 mL of an aqueous solution containing 0.05 wt% Tween 20, 0.1 wt% boric acid, and 0.5 wt% sucrose, and use a magnetic stirrer to stir evenly to make a pollen suspension. After the pollen suspension is prepared, use it for pollination within 2 hours;

[0036] Step Three: Spray pollination

[0037] Select a windless day. When the stigma of the female flower of Camellia oleifera secretes mucus, at 10 am, use a knapsack sprayer to evenly spray the pollen suspension on 100 female flowers of Camellia oleifera. The droplet diameter of the sprayer is 100 μm, and the nozzle is 30 cm away from the female flower. It is appropriate that the stigma of the female flower is wet but does not drip water. Spray continuously 2 times, with an interval of 3 days each time;

[0038] Step Four: Post-treatment

[0039] Spray 0.2 wt% amino acid foliar fertilizer 7 days after the last spraying of the pollen solution.

[0040] Fruit setting rate statistics: After the fruits of Camellia oleifera are mature, count the number of fruits set on 100 Camellia oleifera plants and calculate the fruit setting rate. After statistics, the number of fruits set is 5500, and the fruit setting rate is 55%.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] Step One: Pollen collection and treatment

[0043] During the full bloom period of Camellia oleifera, at 10 am on a sunny and windless day in the Camellia oleifera plantation, collect 600 robust Camellia oleifera flowers that are about to bloom. Bring the collected flowers back indoors and place them in a well-ventilated and shaded area to air-dry for 36 hours. After the flowers are slightly dehydrated, carefully remove the anthers with forceps, spread the anthers on a clean white paper, and place them in a dry and ventilated place for further drying for 15 hours. At this time, the anthers crack and release pollen. Sieve out the pure pollen with a 100-mesh fine sieve, put the pollen into a dry glass bottle, and store it in the refrigerator freezer at 4°C in the dark for later use;

[0044] Step Two: Preparation of pollen solution

[0045] Take out the stored pollen, weigh 1.5 g of pollen, add it to 1000 mL of an aqueous solution containing 0.01 wt% Tween 20, 0.2 wt% boric acid, and 0.9 wt% sucrose, and use a magnetic stirrer to stir evenly to prepare a pollen suspension. After the preparation of the pollen suspension is completed, use it for pollination within 2 h;

[0046] Step 3: Spray pollination

[0047] Select a windless day. When the stigmas of the female flowers of Camellia oleifera secrete mucus, at 1 pm, use a knapsack sprayer to evenly spray the pollen suspension on 120 female flowers of Camellia oleifera. The droplet diameter of the sprayer is 100 μm, and the nozzle is 40 cm away from the female flower. It is appropriate that the stigmas of the female flowers are wet but do not drip water. Spray continuously 3 times, with an interval of 2 days each time;

[0048] Step 4: Post-treatment

[0049] Spray 0.2 wt% amino acid foliar fertilizer 8 days after the last spraying of the pollen solution.

[0050] Fruit setting rate statistics: After the fruits of Camellia oleifera are mature, count the number of fruits set on 120 Camellia oleifera plants and calculate the fruit setting rate. After statistics, the number of fruits set is 7200, and the fruit setting rate is 60%.

[0051] Comparative example 1

[0052] Artificial smearing pollination: During the full-bloom period of Camellia oleifera, select strong and healthy flowers that are about to bloom. After collecting the pollen, dip a writing brush in the pollen and conduct artificial smearing pollination on 100 female flowers of Camellia oleifera at 10 am when the stigmas of the female flowers secrete mucus.

[0053] Fruit setting rate statistics: After the fruits are mature, count. The number of fruits set is 3000, and the fruit setting rate is 30%. Comparative example 2

[0054] Natural pollination: Select 100 Camellia oleifera plants and conduct pollination under natural conditions without any artificial intervention.

[0055] Fruit setting rate statistics: After the fruits are mature, count. The number of fruits set is 1500, and the fruit setting rate is 15%.

[0056] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. For the same or similar parts among the various embodiments, reference can be made to each other. The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but rather will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for improving the pollination and fruit - setting rate of Camellia oleifera, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Pollen collection and treatment Select the soon-to-open Camellia oleifera flowers on a sunny and windless morning during the full bloom period of Camellia oleifera, bring them indoors, take out the anthers, place the anthers in a dry and ventilated place to dry until the anthers crack, sieve out the pollen, and store it at low temperature in the dark; Step 2: Preparation of pollen liquid Add a surfactant to water, and then disperse the pollen collected in Step 1 in the water to obtain a pollen dispersion; Add boric acid and sucrose to the pollen dispersion, mix evenly to obtain pollen liquid; Step 3: Spray pollination Place the pollen liquid obtained in Step 2 in a spraying device. When the stigma of the female flower secretes mucus, select a windless day and evenly spray the pollen liquid on the female flowers of Camellia oleifera until the stigma of the female flower is moist but not dripping; Step 4: Subsequent management Spray amino acid foliar fertilizer 7 - 9 days after spraying the pollen liquid.

2. The method for improving the pollination and fruit setting rate of oil-tea camellia according to claim 1, wherein In Step 1, the collection time is from 9 to 11 o'clock in the morning, and the low-temperature storage temperature is 2 - 6°C.

3. The method for improving the pollination and fruit setting rate of oil-tea camellia according to claim 1, wherein, In Step 2, the surfactant is Tween 20, and the addition amount in water is 0.01% - 0.1% of the water mass.

4. A method for improving the pollination and fruit setting rate of oil-tea camellia according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 2, the mass ratio of pollen to water is 1:500 - 1000.

5. A method for improving the pollination and fruit setting rate of oil-tea camellia according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 2, the addition amount of boric acid is 0.1% - 0.3% of the water mass, and the addition amount of sucrose is 0.5% - 1.0% of the water mass.

6. A method for improving the pollination and fruit setting rate of Camellia oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 3, the spraying device is a spraying drone or a sprayer, and the droplet diameter is 80 - 120 μm.

7. A method for improving the pollination and fruit setting rate of Camellia oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 3, the spraying distance is 30 - 50 cm from the nozzle to the female flower.

8. A method for improving the pollination and fruit setting rate of Camellia oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 3, the pollen liquid is sprayed 2 - 3 times, with an interval of 2 - 3 days each time.

9. A method for improving the pollination and fruit setting rate of oil-tea camellia according to claim 1, characterized in that, If it rains within 3 hours after spraying the pollen liquid in Step 3, make a timely supplementary spray once after the rain stops.

10. A method for improving the pollination and fruit - setting rate of Camellia oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 4, the mass concentration of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is 0.2% - 0.5%.