Comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, shrimps, snails and leeches

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of crops and aquaculture, and discloses a comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, shrimps, snails and leeches. The planting and breeding method comprises the steps of rice field selection and transformation, aquatic organism selection and putting, rice planting and management and aquatic organism breeding and management. According to the comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, shrimp, snail and leech, the usage amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide is reduced, pollution of agricultural production to the environment is reduced, remarkable economic benefits and ecological benefits are achieved, and mutualism of rice and various aquatic organisms is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of crops and aquaculture, and particularly relates to a comprehensive cultivation method of rice, crayfish, snails and leeches. Background Art

[0002] With the growth of the global population and the increasing tension of arable land resources, traditional agricultural production models are facing problems such as high resource consumption, serious environmental pollution, and low economic efficiency. In the field of aquaculture, a single aquaculture model often leads to low utilization rate of water resources, poor stability of the ecosystem, and is prone to disease outbreaks, increasing the aquaculture risk. At the same time, as the main food production method, rice cultivation has long relied on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which not only increases production costs, but also causes environmental problems such as soil degradation and water eutrophication. Therefore, how to achieve the sustainable development of agricultural production and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of land and water resources has become an important direction in current agricultural science and technology research.

[0003] The prior art such as Chinese Patent Application CN107853108A discloses a lobster aquaculture method based on paddy fields, which jointly cultivates rice and crayfish to improve yield and income. However, its ecosystem is not perfect enough, lacking snails to feed on organic debris and algae, purify water quality, and reduce the risk of water eutrophication, and fails to fully exert the maximum potential of the ecosystem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a comprehensive cultivation method of rice, crayfish, snails and leeches. This comprehensive cultivation method realizes the efficient symbiosis of rice, crayfish, snails and leeches through scientific design of the cultivation structure, optimization of the biological community configuration, and combination of ecological regulation technologies, constructs a paddy field ecosystem, and promotes agricultural ecological cycle and sustainable development.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A comprehensive cultivation method of rice, crayfish, snails and leeches, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step (1), selection and transformation of paddy fields

[0008] Select paddy fields with good ecological environment, no pollution, and sufficient water sources. Dig a circular ditch around the paddy fields, use the soil dug from the ditches to reinforce and raise the field ridges, set anti-escape nets around the paddy fields and on the field ridges, set inlet and outlet water ports at both ends of the paddy fields, filter the incoming water with a screen mesh cloth at the inlet water port, and set a fine mesh net cover at the outlet water port;

[0009] Step (2), selection and release of aquatic organisms

[0010] Select strong and healthy crayfish fry with complete appendages, strong activity ability and consistent specifications, and release them from March to May; select snail fry with light blue color, thin shell, more meat, large size, round shape, no damage to the snail shell and complete operculum, and release them from January to March; select healthy, lively and moderately sized leech fry, and release them from June to July.

[0011] Step (3), Planting and management of rice

[0012] Select rice varieties with strong fertilizer tolerance, strong resistance to pests and diseases and high yield, transplant rice seedlings from May to June. Before transplanting, level the paddy field. After transplanting, apply fertilizer reasonably and irrigate reasonably.

[0013] Step (4), Breeding and management of aquatic organisms

[0014] Feed crayfish with plant-based feeds such as soybean cake and vegetable leaves; snails do not need to be fed with additional feeds; feed leeches with snails.

[0015] Preferably, in the step (1), when transforming the paddy field: the width of the ditch is 3 - 5 meters, and the depth is 1 - 1.5 meters; the height of the ridge should exceed the paddy field surface by 0.5 - 1 meter, the top width is 2 - 3 meters, and the slope ratio is 1:1.5 - 2; the anti-escape net material is selected from plastic film, cement tile, hard plastic board, etc., and the height exceeds the paddy field surface by more than 0.5 meter; the inlet and drainage channels should be set independently.

[0016] Preferably, in the step (2), when releasing aquatic organisms: the release density of crayfish fry is 5000 - 10000 tails per mu; the release density of snail fry is 50 - 100 kg per mu; the release density of leech fry is 1500 - 2000 tails per mu, and they are placed in a net cage with a size of 8 - 10m 3 ; place 1 - 2 square meters of aquatic plants such as water hyacinths in the net cage; disinfect the fry respectively before release to kill the surface bacteria.

[0017] Preferably, in the step (3), when planting rice: apply special compound fertilizer for rice at the initial stage of rice planting, and the application amount is 20 - 30 kg·hm –2 During the tillering stage, the additional fertilizer amount is 20 - 30 kg·hm –2 ; change the paddy field water every 5 - 7 days during the rice planting period, and each time change 1 / 3 of the paddy field water volume, and control the water level of the paddy field board surface at 15 - 25 cm.

[0018] Preferably, in the step (4), when breeding aquatic organisms: the feeding amount of crayfish is 3 - 5% of the crayfish body weight, and regularly change the feed types; in the breeding of snails, soybean cake powder, wheat bran, etc. can be appropriately supplemented; feed leeches once every 4 - 5 days or feed a small amount every day.

[0019] Preferably, a comprehensive cultivation method of rice, crayfish, snails and leeches as described above is adopted.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] In the present invention, rice, crayfish, snails and leeches are cultivated together. Crayfish can feed on weeds, pests and organic debris, reducing rice diseases and pests and the use of herbicides. At the same time, its excrement provides natural fertilizer for rice, promoting rice growth; snails can feed on organic debris and algae, without the need for additional feeding, which helps to purify water quality and reduce the risk of water eutrophication; leeches can parasitize a small number of weak and sick crayfish, helping to control the over-reproduction of the crayfish population and improving the health of the group. At the same time, its activities can promote the release of nutrients in the bottom mud, indirectly assisting rice growth. In addition, it has high medicinal and economic value, which can further improve the economic benefits of comprehensive cultivation. The four are cultivated together to achieve "one field with four harvests", with significant economic and ecological benefits.

[0022] The comprehensive cultivation method of rice, crayfish, snails and leeches of the present invention constructs a paddy field ecosystem, promoting agricultural ecological circulation and sustainable development. This mode reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reduces environmental pollution caused by agricultural production, and the activities and excrement of aquatic organisms promote the improvement of paddy field soil fertility; this mode enriches paddy field biodiversity, improves the stability of the ecosystem, realizes the mutual benefit and symbiosis of rice and various aquatic organisms, effectively improves land use efficiency, and promotes the development of agricultural ecological circulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a line graph of the total income in the economic benefit analysis of the cultivation and breeding modes of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0024] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] This example discloses a comprehensive cultivation method of rice, crayfish, snails and leeches, including the following steps:

[0027] Step (1), selection and transformation of paddy fields

[0028] Select a paddy field, dig a circular ditch around the paddy field, use the soil dug out from the ditch to reinforce and raise the ridge, set up escape prevention nets around the paddy field and on the ridge, set up inlet and outlet water ports at both ends of the paddy field, filter the incoming water with a screen mesh cloth at the inlet, and set up a fine mesh net cover at the outlet for breeding crayfish, snails and leeches;

[0029] Among them, the width of the ditch is 4 meters and the depth is 1.2 meters; the height of the ridge exceeds the paddy field surface by 0.8 meters, the top width is 2.5 meters, and the slope ratio is 1:1.8; the escape prevention net material is selected as plastic film, and the height exceeds the paddy field surface by 0.8 meters; the inlet and outlet channels are set independently;

[0030] Step (2), Selection and release of aquatic organisms

[0031] Select crayfish fry and release them in April; select snail fry and release them in February; select leech fry and release them in June;

[0032] Among them, the release density of crayfish fry is 8,000 tails per mu; the release density of snail fry is 70 kilograms per mu; the release density of leech fry is 1,800 tails per mu, placed in a net cage, and the size of the net cage is 9m 3 ; Disinfect the fry before release to kill the surface bacteria;

[0033] Step (3), Planting and management of rice

[0034] Select the Huanghuazhan rice variety and transplant the seedlings in May. Level the paddy field before transplanting, apply fertilizers reasonably and irrigate reasonably after transplanting;

[0035] Among them, apply special compound fertilizer for rice at the initial stage of rice planting, and the application amount is 23 kg·hm –2 and add additional fertilizer amount of 23 kg·hm during the tillering stage –2 ; Replace the paddy field water every 6 days during the rice planting period, and replace 1 / 3 of the paddy field water volume each time. Control the water level on the paddy field board at 20 cm;

[0036] Step (4), Breeding and management of aquatic organisms

[0037] Feed the crayfish with vegetable leaves of plant-based feed every day; do not need to feed additional feed for snails; feed the leeches with snails;

[0038] Among them, the daily feeding amount of crayfish is 4% of the crayfish body weight, and regularly change the feed variety; feed the leeches once every 4 days or feed a small amount every day.

[0039] Comparative Example 1

[0040] This comparative example discloses a single-crop rice planting method, including the following steps:

[0041] Step (1): Select the Huanghuazhan rice variety and transplant the rice seedlings in May. Before transplanting, level the paddy field, and after transplanting, apply fertilizers reasonably and irrigate properly.

[0042] Among them, apply special compound fertilizer for rice at the initial stage of rice planting, and the application rate is 30 kg·hm –2 , and the additional fertilizer amount during the tillering stage is 30 kg·hm –2 ; Replace the paddy water every 6 days during the rice planting period, and each time replace 1 / 3 of the paddy water volume. Control the water level on the paddy field surface at 20 cm.

[0043] Comparative Example 2

[0044] This comparative example discloses a comprehensive rice-crayfish farming method, including the following steps:

[0045] Step (1): Select crayfish fry and release them in April, and feed vegetable leaves as plant-based feed every day.

[0046] Among them, the release density of crayfish fry is 8,000 tails / mu; the feeding amount is 4% of the crayfish body weight, and regularly replace the feed types;

[0047] Step (2): Select the Huanghuazhan rice variety and transplant the rice seedlings in May. Before transplanting, level the paddy field, and after transplanting, apply fertilizers reasonably and irrigate properly.

[0048] Among them, apply special compound fertilizer for rice at the initial stage of rice planting, and the application rate is 28 kg·hm –2 , and the additional fertilizer amount during the tillering stage is 28 kg·hm –2 ; Replace the paddy water every 6 days during the rice planting period, and each time replace 1 / 3 of the paddy water volume. Control the water level on the paddy field surface at 20 cm.

[0049] In the above examples and comparative examples: The crayfish fry are crayfish fry with strong physique, complete appendages, strong activity ability, and consistent specifications; the snail fry are snail fry with light blue color, thin shell, more meat, large size, round shape, no damage to the snail shell, and complete operculum, such as Chinese mystery snail; the leech fry are healthy, lively, and medium-sized leech fry, such as Japanese medicinal leech.

[0050] Test Example

[0051] (1) Comprehensive data analysis

[0052] Conduct an economic benefit analysis on the farming models of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2. The specific results are shown in Table 1:

[0053] Table 1

[0054]

[0055] As can be seen from the analysis results in Table 1, the comprehensive rice-crayfish-snail-leech cultivation method reduces the usage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, decreases the environmental pollution caused by agricultural production, has significant economic and ecological benefits, and realizes the mutualistic symbiosis between rice and various aquatic organisms.

[0056] In Comparative Example 1, only rice monoculture was carried out, without releasing crayfish, snails and leeches. The lack of the influence of the activities and excreta of aquatic organisms on the soil fertility of the paddy field led to a decrease in rice yield. At the same time, the income brought by crayfish, snails and leeches was lacking, resulting in lower economic and ecological benefits in Comparative Example 1 than in Example 1.

[0057] In Comparative Example 2, rice and crayfish were co-cultivated, without releasing snails and leeches, resulting in insufficient complementarity of the ecological effects in the paddy field, ineffective improvement of the paddy field water quality, and difficult release of the nutrients in the bottom mud, leading to a decrease in rice yield. At the same time, the income brought by snails and leeches was lacking, resulting in lower economic and ecological benefits in Comparative Example 2 than in Example 1.

[0058] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A comprehensive cultivation method for rice, crayfish, snails and leeches, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step (1), selection and transformation of paddy fields Select suitable paddy fields, dig annular ditches around the paddy fields, use the soil dug out from the ditches to reinforce and raise the dikes, set anti-escape nets around the paddy fields and on the dikes, set inlet and outlet water openings at both ends of the paddy fields, filter the inlet water with a screen mesh cloth at the inlet, and set a fine-mesh net cover at the outlet; Step (2), selection and release of aquatic organisms Select suitable snail fry and release them from January to March; select suitable crayfish fry and release them from March to May; select suitable leech fry and release them from June to July; Step (3), planting and management of rice Select suitable rice varieties, transplant rice seedlings from May to June, level the paddy fields before transplanting, apply fertilizers reasonably and irrigate reasonably after transplanting; Step (4), breeding and management of aquatic organisms Feed the crayfish with plant-based feed; no additional feed is required for the snails; feed the leeches with snails.

2. The integrated planting and breeding method of rice, crayfish, snails and leeches according to claim 1, characterized in that In the said step (1), when selecting paddy fields: select paddy fields with good ecological environment, no pollution and sufficient water sources.

3. The integrated farming method of rice, crayfish, snails and leeches according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the said step (1), when transforming paddy fields: the width of the ditches is 3 - 5 meters and the depth is 1 - 1.5 meters; the height of the dikes should exceed the paddy field surface by 0.5 - 1 meter, the top width is 2 - 3 meters, and the slope ratio is 1:1.5 - 2; the anti-escape net materials are selected from plastic films, cement tiles, hard plastic plates, etc., and the height exceeds the paddy field surface by more than 0.5 meter; the inlet and outlet water channels should be set independently.

4. A comprehensive farming method for rice, crayfish, snails and leeches according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the said step (2), when selecting aquatic organisms: select crayfish fry with strong physique, complete appendages, strong activity ability and consistent specifications; select snail fry with light blue color, thin shell, much meat, large size, round shape, intact snail shell and complete operculum; select leech fry that are healthy, lively and of moderate size.

5. A comprehensive farming method for rice, crayfish, snails and leeches according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), when releasing aquatic organisms: the release density of crayfish fry is 5,000 - 10,000 tails per mu; the release density of snail fry is 50 - 100 kg per mu; the release density of leech fry is 1,500 - 2,000 tails per mu, which are placed in a net cage with a size of 8 - 10 m 3 ; 1 - 2 square meters of aquatic plants such as water hyacinths are placed in the net cage; before release, the fry are disinfected respectively to kill the surface pathogens.

6. The integrated cultivation method of rice, crayfish, snails and leeches according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the said step (3), when planting rice: select rice varieties with strong fertilizer tolerance, strong resistance to diseases and pests and high yield.

7. A comprehensive cultivation method of rice, crayfish, snails and leeches according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step (3), when managing the rice: apply special compound fertilizer for rice at the initial stage of rice planting, and the application rate is 20 - 30 kg·hm –2 , and the additional fertilizer amount during the tillering stage is 20 - 30 kg·hm –2 ; change the paddy water every 5 - 7 days during the rice planting period, and each time replace 1 / 3 of the paddy water volume. The water level on the paddy field surface is controlled at 15 - 25 cm.

8. A comprehensive farming method for rice, crayfish, snails and leeches according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the said step (4), when breeding and managing aquatic organisms: the feeding amount of crayfish is 3 - 5% of the crayfish body weight, and the feed types are changed regularly.

9. A comprehensive cultivation method of rice, crayfish, snails and leeches according to claim 1, characterized in that In the said step (4), when breeding and managing aquatic organisms: appropriate amounts of soybean cake powder, wheat bran, etc. can be supplemented during the breeding of snails; feed the leeches once every 4 - 5 days or feed a small amount every day.

10. A comprehensive cultivation method of rice, crayfish, snails and leeches using any one of the methods described in claims 1 - 9.

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