Electric quantitative fertilization device for rice and monitoring system

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric quantitative fertilization device for rice and a monitoring system, and relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, the electric quantitative fertilization device comprises a support frame, a storage box and a fertilization execution mechanism, the support frame is used for supporting the storage box and the fertilization execution mechanism; the storage box is used for storing fertilizer; the fertilization executing mechanism comprises a quantitative conveying assembly and a distribution assembly, the quantitative conveying assembly is arranged below the fertilizer outlet of the material storage box and used for quantitatively conveying fertilizer, the distribution assembly is connected with the output end of the quantitative conveying assembly, and the distribution assembly is used for distributing the fertilizer into different distribution channels and discharging the fertilizer from the material outlet; the monitoring system is used for calculating the fertilization amount required by the current paddy field according to the collected paddy field data and the state data of the device, generating a fertilization control instruction to realize quantitative fertilization, and supporting a user to remotely check and adjust fertilization parameters. The use safety is higher, and the fertilization efficiency and quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to an electric quantitative fertilization device and a monitoring system for rice. Background Art

[0002] As one of the most important food crops in China, rice plays a crucial role in ensuring national food security. Nitrogen fertilizer plays an irreplaceable role in the growth and development process of rice. Applying an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer can significantly increase the number of effective panicles of rice, improve the plumpness of rice panicles, and thus increase crop yields. However, affected by multiple factors such as denitrification, leaching loss, and surface runoff, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer applied to rice has been at a relatively low level for a long time, usually less than 50%. The deep application technology of nitrogen fertilizer can effectively promote the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by rice and has a significant effect on improving fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0003] To further explore the potential of nitrogen fertilizer utilization in rice, on the basis of adopting the deep application technology, attention should also be paid to the uniformity of fertilization to ensure a balanced nutrient distribution in the soil profile, thereby creating a good nutrient absorption environment for rice roots. However, although the current fertilization devices on the market have a certain deep application function, there are still technical bottlenecks: First, the deep application pipe is extremely easy to be blocked by soil during operation, affecting the continuity of fertilization operations; second, the regulation accuracy of the fertilization amount is insufficient, making it difficult to meet the precise fertilization requirements of rice. The fertilization control method is extensive, mostly relying on manual experience or simple timer control, and it is impossible to achieve precise regulation according to the dynamic soil nutrients, the fertilizer requirement law of crops, and environmental changes, resulting in excessive fertilization and a series of environmental problems such as water eutrophication; third, the existing fertilization devices are mainly mechanical structures, with a low level of intelligence and a lack of dynamic adjustment ability. It is difficult to adapt to the different fertilization requirements of different soil conditions in different plots and different growth stages of rice, and the monitoring data of the supporting sensors are single, making it impossible to build a complete fertilization closed-loop control system, which restricts the intelligent and precise development process of rice production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present application provides an electric quantitative fertilization device and a monitoring system for rice, which solve the technical problems that the deep application pipe of the current fertilization device is extremely easy to be blocked by soil during operation, affecting the continuity of fertilization operations and the regulation accuracy of the fertilization amount, and it is difficult to meet the precise fertilization requirements of rice; and the existing fertilization devices are mainly mechanical structures, with a low level of intelligence and a lack of dynamic adjustment ability, it is difficult to adapt to the different fertilization requirements of different soil conditions in different plots and different growth stages of rice, and the monitoring data of the supporting sensors are single, making it impossible to build a complete fertilization closed-loop control system.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention mainly consists of an electric quantitative fertilization device for rice and an electric quantitative fertilization monitoring system for rice that monitors fertilization based on this electric quantitative fertilization device. Through the optimization of the mechanical structure of the device and the construction of an intelligent control system, precise quantitative delivery and distribution of fertilizers and intelligent fertilization decision-making based on multi-source data are achieved, providing technical support for improving the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of rice and promoting the development of smart agriculture. The electric quantitative fertilization device mainly consists of a support frame, a storage tank, and a fertilization execution mechanism. The support frame is used to support the storage tank and the fertilization execution mechanism, and has good structural stability and corrosion resistance. Mobile wheels are installed at the bottom of the support frame, facilitating the movement of the device in the rice field. The mobile wheels integrate rubber tires and shock-absorbing devices, and can effectively adapt to the muddy and soft complex terrain of the rice field.

[0006] The storage tank is used to store fertilizers. Its main body is made of double-layer stainless steel, and the inner layer is treated with a special anti-corrosion coating, which can effectively prevent the corrosion of the fertilizer on the tank body and extend the service life of the equipment. A large-diameter fertilizer inlet is provided at the top of the storage tank, and a lid is equipped to facilitate the rapid filling of fertilizers and prevent fertilizer spillage; an outlet is provided at the bottom of the storage tank, and the outlet at the bottom is designed in a conical shape, which is conducive to the smooth flow of fertilizers. A high-precision electric valve is installed at the outlet. The electric valve adopts solenoid valve technology and is electrically connected to a dedicated controller. The controller accurately controls the opening time and frequency of the solenoid valve through a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal according to the preset fertilization parameters, thereby achieving precise control of the fertilizer outflow volume; The fertilization execution mechanism includes a quantitative delivery component and a distribution component. The quantitative delivery component is arranged below the fertilizer outlet of the storage tank, and the distribution component is connected to the output end of the quantitative delivery component. The distribution component includes a housing, multiple distribution channels, and a distribution turntable. The housing is provided with a feed inlet and multiple discharge outlets. The distribution turntable is arranged inside the housing and is rotatably connected to the housing through a bearing. Through holes corresponding to the distribution channels are provided on the distribution turntable. The distribution turntable is driven by a second drive motor to rotate, and the fertilizers are distributed into different distribution channels through the rotation of the distribution turntable and discharged from the corresponding discharge outlets. Each discharge outlet is connected to a dedicated fertilization pipe, and the fertilization pipe is used to transport fertilizers into the rice field.

[0007] Furthermore, a stirring mechanism is also provided inside the storage tank. The stirring mechanism includes a stirring shaft and stirring blades. The stirring shaft is driven by a third drive motor to rotate, and the rotation speed can be flexibly adjusted according to the fertilizer characteristics and storage time. The stirring blades are installed on the stirring shaft and are arranged in a staggered spiral manner, and can stir the fertilizers in all directions during the rotation process, effectively preventing the fertilizers from caking due to reasons such as moisture absorption and backlog.

[0008] Furthermore, the electric valve is a solenoid valve, and the solenoid valve is electrically connected to a controller. The controller can control the opening and closing of the electric valve according to the preset fertilization parameters, thereby accurately controlling the fertilizer outflow volume.

[0009] Furthermore, the quantitative delivery component includes a delivery pipeline, a spiral delivery shaft and a first drive motor. The delivery pipeline is made of a hard plastic material with a smooth inner wall, which can reduce friction and adhesion during the fertilizer delivery process. The spiral delivery shaft has wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant characteristics. It is arranged in the delivery pipeline and is connected to the first drive motor through a high-precision gear reducer. By accurately controlling the speed and running time of the first drive motor and combining the pitch parameters of the spiral delivery shaft, the quantitative delivery of fertilizer can be achieved. The feed port is connected to the output end of the delivery pipeline, and the output end of the delivery pipeline is precisely connected to the feed port of the distribution component, which can ensure the leakage-free transmission of fertilizer.

[0010] Furthermore, a flow sensor is provided in the distribution channel, and the flow sensor is electrically connected to the controller for real-time monitoring of the fertilizer flow through the distribution channel and transmitting the flow data to the controller. The controller adjusts the operating parameters of the first drive motor and the second drive motor according to the flow data to achieve precise fertilization.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a liquid crystal display and an audible and visual alarm, both of which are mounted on the shock-absorbing base of the support frame, and are electrically connected to the controller. The liquid crystal display uses a high-resolution touch screen, and the operator can view the working status of the fertilization device and the fertilization parameter settings in real time through the touch screen. The audible and visual alarm integrates two alarm modes: sound alarm and light flashing. When the device fails, such as motor overheating, fertilizer outlet blockage, etc., or the fertilizer amount deviation exceeds the preset threshold, the audible and visual alarm is immediately activated, and the fault type is distinguished by different sound frequencies and light colors, reminding the operator to deal with it in time.

[0012] An electric quantitative fertilization monitoring system for rice, which performs fertilization monitoring based on the electric quantitative fertilization device for rice, comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a control execution module and a remote monitoring module; The data acquisition module includes a sensor group, which is used to monitor the soil temperature and humidity, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in the paddy field, as well as monitor the meteorological data of the paddy field and monitor the remaining amount of the fertilizer storage tank, the clogging state of the fertilizer outlet, and the motor temperature. The data acquisition module transmits the collected data to the data processing module. The sensor group includes a flow sensor, a soil parameter sensor, a temperature sensor, a weight sensor, a pressure sensor, a meteorological sensor, etc. The sensor group can obtain the nutrient distribution information of the soil profile, monitor the meteorological data of the paddy field, including air temperature, humidity, light intensity, wind speed, rainfall, etc., and real-time monitor the remaining amount of fertilizer in the fertilizer storage tank. When the remaining amount of fertilizer is lower than the preset threshold, a replenishment reminder is sent in time. The fertilizer outlet clogging sensor can quickly detect whether the fertilizer outlet is clogged through pressure induction detection technology and transmit the clogging signal to the controller. The motor temperature sensor monitors the working temperature of each drive motor in real time to prevent the motor from being damaged due to overheating. The data collected by all sensors is transmitted to the data processing module through wireless or wired communication methods, providing a data basis for subsequent fertilization decisions.

[0013] The data processing module is used to receive the data transmitted by the data acquisition module, calculate the required fertilization amount for the current paddy field according to the preset fertilization model and algorithm, and generate a fertilization control instruction. The control execution module is electrically connected to the data processing module, the electric valve, the first drive motor, the second drive motor, and the third drive motor. The control execution module is used to receive the fertilization control instruction, and then control the opening and closing of the electric valve, and adjust the operating parameters of the first drive motor and the second drive motor to achieve quantitative fertilization. The remote monitoring module includes a server and a user terminal. The server is communicatively connected to the data processing module, receives and stores the fertilization data and monitoring data. The user terminal is connected to the server through the Internet. The user can remotely view information such as fertilization status, soil humidity, and meteorological data through the user terminal, and can remotely adjust the fertilization parameters.

[0014] Furthermore, the data processing module includes a modeling unit, a correction unit, and a time-sharing control unit. The modeling unit is used to construct a fertilization model applicable to different soil conditions, climate environments, and rice varieties based on machine learning algorithms and rice growth models. The collected sensing data and differential fertilization parameters are used as input variables to input into the fertilization model, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio and total fertilization amount are output. The correction unit is connected to the modeling unit. The correction unit uses a fuzzy PID control algorithm to dynamically adjust the fertilization amount, adaptively adjusts the proportional coefficient Kp, integral coefficient Ki, and differential coefficient Kd through fuzzy logic rules, corrects the fertilization amount output by the modeling unit, ensures that the fertilization amount highly matches the actual needs of the rice, generates accurate fertilization control instructions according to the adjusted fertilization amount, and transmits them to the control execution module. The time-sharing control unit is connected to the correction unit. The time-sharing control unit is used to obtain a multi-stage fertilization plan preset according to the rice growth cycle, obtain the real-time position information of the fertilization device through GPS positioning, and generate regional differentiated fertilization parameters in combination with geographic information system data. The multi-stage fertilization plan is a multi-stage fertilization plan formulated in advance by combining the characteristics of the rice growth cycle and regional planting differences.

[0015] Furthermore, the user terminal includes a visualization monitoring module, an abnormal alarm module, and a verification and query module; The visualization monitoring module is used to display the position and working status of the fertilization device in the form of a map, display the real-time trajectory of the device and the soil NPK heat map, and is also used to obtain the adjusted fertilization parameters input by the user to remotely control the fertilization device; The abnormal alarm module is connected to the visualization monitoring module. The abnormal alarm module is used to trigger an alarm mode when the fertilization amount deviation exceeds the threshold or the device fails, and record the alarm information. The alarm mode includes a three-stage alarm mechanism; The verification and query module is used to verify the identity of the user and can be used by the user to query the stored historical fertilization records and related reports by time and region.

[0016] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the advantages of the present invention are: 1. In this application, through the conical fertilizer outlet at the bottom of the storage tank combined with pressure detection, the fertilizer can flow out smoothly while reducing the possibility of blockage at the starting end of the pipeline. Each conveying component, such as the conveying pipeline, uses a smooth inner wall material to reduce fertilizer adhesion and reduce the risk of blockage of the subsequent fertilization pipe, ensuring the continuity of the fertilization operation. The solenoid valve technology is adopted at the fertilizer outlet of the storage tank and is connected to a dedicated controller, which can accurately control the opening time and frequency of the solenoid valve, precisely regulate the fertilizer outflow volume. The quantitative conveying component realizes the quantitative conveying of fertilizer by accurately controlling the rotation speed and running time of the first driving motor and combining the pitch parameters of the screw conveyor shaft, ensuring the accurate control of the fertilization amount.

[0017] 2. Through the information such as soil parameters, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content, and meteorological data obtained by the data acquisition module, based on the pre-set fertilization model and algorithm, the fertilization amount is dynamically adjusted. At the same time, a multi-stage fertilization plan is formulated considering the rice growth cycle and regional planting differences, making the fertilization amount highly match the actual needs of rice, and reducing environmental problems such as water eutrophication caused by unreasonable fertilization. At the same time, this fertilization closed-loop control process can automatically adjust the fertilization strategy according to the dynamic soil nutrients, crop fertilizer requirements, and environmental changes, adapting to the differentiated fertilization requirements of different plot soil conditions and different growth stages of rice. 3. When abnormal situations occur, this application can promptly remind the operator to handle them, reduce the impact of equipment failures on fertilization operations, ensure the smooth progress of fertilization work, and can remotely adjust fertilization parameters, facilitating managers to promptly grasp the fertilization status and flexibly respond to the fertilization requirements of different planting areas, thereby improving management efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The accompanying drawings that form a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The schematic embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation of this application.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the electric quantitative fertilization device for rice of this application.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the distribution turntable of this embodiment.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of the electric quantitative fertilization monitoring system for rice of this application in this embodiment.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the electric quantitative fertilization monitoring process for rice of this application in this embodiment.

[0023] Reference Signs: 1. Support frame; 2. Storage bin; 3. Quantitative conveying assembly; 4. Distribution assembly; 41. Distribution channel; 42. Distribution turntable; 43. Through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer and more understandable, the following further elaborates on this application in combination with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Herein, the schematic embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application, but do not serve as a limitation to this application.

[0025] As an important food crop in China, the high and stable yield of rice is of great significance for ensuring food security. Traditional fertilization methods have problems such as low fertilizer utilization rate and environmental pollution. Developing intelligent fertilization equipment has become the key to improving the production efficiency and quality of rice. Referring to Figures 1 to 4 , this embodiment provides an electric quantitative fertilization device and monitoring system for rice, which can achieve precise and intelligent management of rice fertilization. As shown in Figure 1As shown in the figure, the device includes: a support frame, a storage box and a fertilizer actuator. The support frame is used to support the storage box and the fertilizer actuator, and has good structural stability and corrosion resistance. A mobile wheel is installed at the bottom of the support frame to facilitate the movement of the device in the rice field. The mobile wheel integrates a rubber tire and a shock-absorbing device, which can effectively adapt to the muddy and soft complex terrain of the rice field. The storage box is used to store fertilizers. Its main body is made of double-layer stainless steel. The inner layer is treated with a special anti-corrosion coating, which can effectively prevent the corrosion of the box by fertilizers and extend the service life of the equipment. A large-caliber fertilizer inlet is set on the top of the storage box and is equipped with a lid to facilitate rapid filling of fertilizers and prevent fertilizers from overflowing; a fertilizer outlet is set at the bottom of the storage box. The fertilizer outlet at the bottom is conical in design, which is conducive to the smooth flow of fertilizers. A high-precision electric valve is installed at the fertilizer outlet. Among them, a stirring mechanism is also provided in the storage box, and the stirring mechanism includes a stirring shaft and stirring blades. The stirring shaft is driven to rotate by a third drive motor, and the speed can be flexibly adjusted according to the characteristics of the fertilizer and the storage time. The stirring blades are installed on the stirring shaft and arranged in a staggered spiral manner. During the rotation process, the fertilizer can be stirred in all directions, effectively preventing the fertilizer from agglomerating due to moisture, backlog, etc. The electric valve is a solenoid valve, and the solenoid valve is electrically connected to a controller. The controller can control the opening and closing of the electric valve according to the preset fertilization parameters. Among them, the electric valve adopts solenoid valve technology and is electrically connected to a dedicated controller. The controller accurately controls the opening time and frequency of the solenoid valve through a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal according to the preset fertilization parameters, thereby realizing precise regulation of the fertilizer outflow.

[0026] The fertilization actuator includes a quantitative conveying component and a distribution component. The quantitative conveying component is arranged below the fertilizer outlet of the storage box. The quantitative conveying component includes a conveying pipeline, a screw conveying shaft and a first drive motor. The screw conveying shaft is arranged in the conveying pipeline. The first drive motor is connected to the screw conveying shaft in a driving manner. The fertilizer is quantitatively conveyed by controlling the speed and running time of the first drive motor. The feed port is connected to the output end of the conveying pipeline. The distribution component is connected to the output end of the quantitative conveying component, such as Figure 2 As shown, the distribution assembly includes a housing, a plurality of distribution channels and a distribution turntable. The housing is provided with a feed port and a plurality of discharge ports. The distribution turntable is arranged in the housing and is rotatably connected to the housing through a bearing. The distribution turntable is provided with a through hole corresponding to the distribution channel. The distribution turntable is driven to rotate by a second drive motor. The fertilizer is distributed to different distribution channels through the rotation of the distribution turntable and discharged from the corresponding discharge port. Each discharge port is connected to a dedicated fertilizer pipe, which is used to transport the fertilizer to the rice field. A flow sensor is provided in the distribution channel, and the flow sensor is electrically connected to the controller, which is used to monitor the fertilizer flow through the distribution channel in real time and transmit the flow data to the controller. The controller adjusts the operating parameters of the first drive motor and the second drive motor according to the flow data to achieve precise fertilization.

[0027] In this embodiment, the device further includes a liquid crystal display and an audible and visual alarm. Both the liquid crystal display and the audible and visual alarm are installed on the support frame, and both are electrically connected to the controller.

[0028] As Figure 3 shown, the present application also discloses an electric quantitative fertilization monitoring system for rice, which performs fertilization monitoring based on the above-mentioned electric quantitative fertilization device for rice, and specifically includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a control execution module, and a remote monitoring module. The data acquisition module includes a sensor group. The sensor group is used to monitor the soil temperature and humidity, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the rice field, as well as monitor the meteorological data of the rice field and monitor the remaining amount of the fertilizer storage tank, the clogging state of the fertilizer outlet, and the motor temperature. The data acquisition module transmits the collected data to the data processing module.

[0029] In this embodiment, the sensor group includes a flow sensor, a soil parameter sensor, a temperature sensor, a weight sensor, a pressure sensor, a meteorological sensor, etc. The sensor group can detect the fertilizer flow information in each distribution channel through the flow sensor, obtain the soil profile nutrient distribution information through the soil parameter sensor, monitor the meteorological data of the rice field through the meteorological sensor, including air temperature, humidity, light intensity, wind speed, rainfall, etc., and real-time monitor the remaining amount of fertilizer in the fertilizer storage tank through the weight sensor arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer storage tank, and send a replenishment reminder in time when the fertilizer remaining amount is lower than the preset threshold. The fertilizer outlet clogging sensor can quickly detect whether the fertilizer outlet is clogged through pressure induction detection technology and transmit the clogging signal to the controller. The motor temperature sensor is arranged on the housing of each drive motor to monitor the working temperature of each drive motor in real time and prevent the motor from being damaged due to overheating. The data collected by all sensors is transmitted to the data processing module through wireless or wired communication methods, providing a data basis for subsequent fertilization decisions.

[0030] The data processing module is used to receive the data transmitted by the data acquisition module, calculate the required fertilization amount for the current paddy field according to the preset fertilization model and algorithm, and generate a fertilization control instruction. Specifically, the data processing module includes a modeling unit, a correction unit, and a time-sharing control unit; the modeling unit is used to construct a fertilization model applicable to different soil conditions, climate environments, and rice varieties based on machine learning algorithms and rice growth models, input the collected sensing data and differential fertilization parameters as input variables into the fertilization model, and output the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio and the total fertilization amount; the correction unit is connected to the modeling unit, and the correction unit uses a fuzzy PID control algorithm to dynamically adjust the fertilization amount, adaptively adjusts the proportional coefficient Kp, integral coefficient Ki, and differential coefficient Kd through fuzzy logic rules, corrects the fertilization amount output by the modeling unit, ensures that the fertilization amount highly matches the actual needs of the rice, generates a precise fertilization control instruction according to the adjusted fertilization amount, and transmits it to the control execution module; the time-sharing control unit is connected to the correction unit, and the time-sharing control unit is used to obtain a multi-stage fertilization plan preset according to the rice growth cycle, obtain the real-time position information of the fertilization device through GPS positioning, and generate regional differential fertilization parameters in combination with geographic information system data. The multi-stage fertilization plan is a multi-stage fertilization plan formulated in advance in combination with the characteristics of the rice growth cycle and regional planting differences.

[0031] In this embodiment, the data flow of the data processing module is: sensor data → model input → fertilization parameter calculation → fuzzy PID dynamic correction → actuator. The specific machine learning algorithm model adopts a hybrid architecture combining multi-task neural network (Multi-Task Learning, MTL) and ensemble learning (Ensemble Learning). The multi-task neural network outputs the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio and the total fertilization amount, and the ensemble learning module processes the GIS raster data to generate differential fertilization parameters. The model training data uses historical farmland data (soil-climate-fertilization-yield relationship) and rice growth model simulation data (such as the virtual dataset generated by the ORYZA model). The fuzzy PID control process is: input the error (the difference between the target fertilization amount and the sensor feedback amount), perform fuzzy and defuzzification operations according to the preset fuzzy rule base, and output the corresponding parameter adjustment result.

[0032] The control execution module is electrically connected to the data processing module, the electric valve, the first drive motor, the second drive motor, and the third drive motor. The control execution module is used to receive the fertilization control instruction, and then control the opening and closing of the electric valve, and adjust the operating parameters of the first drive motor and the second drive motor to achieve quantitative fertilization.

[0033] The remote monitoring module consists of a server and user terminals, achieving remote intelligent management of the fertilization process. The server establishes a high-speed communication connection with the data processing module, receives and stores fertilization data, which includes fertilization amount, fertilization time, fertilization area, etc., and monitoring data, which includes soil nutrients, meteorological data, equipment status, etc. A distributed database is used to efficiently store and manage the data.

[0034] The user terminals are connected to the server via the Internet. The user terminals include mobile phone APPs, tablet computers, or computer clients, etc. Users can remotely view in real time information such as the working status of the fertilization device, fertilization situation, soil humidity, meteorological data, etc. through the user terminals, and the data is presented in the form of intuitive charts, maps, etc., facilitating users to quickly understand the farmland conditions. In addition, users can also remotely adjust fertilization parameters and remotely control the fertilization device through the user terminals. Among them, the user terminals include a visual monitoring module, an abnormal alarm module, and a verification and query module; the visual monitoring module is used to display the position and working status of the fertilization device in the form of a map, and display the real-time trajectory of the device and the soil NPK heat map, and is also used to obtain the adjusted fertilization parameters input by the user and remotely control the fertilization device; the abnormal alarm module is connected to the visual monitoring module. The abnormal alarm module is used to trigger the alarm mode when the fertilization amount deviation exceeds the threshold or the device fails, and record the alarm information. The alarm mode includes a three-level alarm mechanism; the verification and query module is used to verify the identity of the user and can be used for users to query the stored historical fertilization records and related reports by time and area.

[0035] As Figure 4 shown, the electric quantitative fertilization monitoring process for rice is as follows: Collect soil and environmental data through the data acquisition module and upload it to the data processing module; the data processing module calculates the theoretical fertilization amount according to the preset algorithm model and drives the control execution module to perform fertilization; compare the theoretical value with the actual fertilization amount in real time. If the deviation exceeds 5%, automatically adjust the motor speed or pause fertilization and alarm; associate the fertilization process data with the rice growth model to optimize the subsequent fertilization strategy.

[0036] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An electric quantitative fertilization device for rice, characterized in that, Comprising: A support frame (1), a fertilizer storage tank (2) and a fertilization actuator. The support frame (1) is used to support the fertilizer storage tank (2) and the fertilization actuator. A moving wheel is installed at the bottom of the support frame (1) to facilitate the movement of the device in the rice field. The fertilizer storage tank (2) is used to store fertilizers. A fertilizer inlet is provided at the top of the fertilizer storage tank (2), and a fertilizer outlet is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer storage tank (2). An electric valve is installed at the fertilizer outlet to control the outflow of fertilizers. The fertilization actuator includes a quantitative conveying component (3) and a distribution component (4). The quantitative conveying component (3) is arranged below the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer storage tank (2). The distribution component (4) is connected to the output end of the quantitative conveying component (3). The distribution component (4) includes a housing, a plurality of distribution channels (41) and a distribution turntable (42). An inlet and a plurality of outlets are provided on the housing. The distribution turntable (42) is arranged inside the housing, and through holes (43) corresponding to the distribution channels (41) are provided on the distribution turntable (42). The distribution turntable (42) is driven to rotate by a second driving motor. Through the rotation of the distribution turntable (42), fertilizers are distributed into different distribution channels (41) and discharged from the corresponding outlets. A fertilization pipe is connected to each outlet, and the fertilization pipe is used to convey fertilizers into the rice field.

2. The electric quantitative fertilization device for rice according to claim 1, characterized in that, A stirring mechanism is further provided inside the fertilizer storage tank (2). The stirring mechanism includes a stirring shaft and stirring blades. The stirring shaft is driven to rotate by a third driving motor. The stirring blades are installed on the stirring shaft to stir the fertilizers and prevent the fertilizers from caking.

3. The electric quantitative fertilizing device for rice according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric valve is a solenoid valve, and the solenoid valve is electrically connected to a controller. The controller can control the opening and closing of the electric valve according to preset fertilization parameters, so as to accurately control the outflow of fertilizers.

4. The electric quantitative fertilization device for rice according to claim 3, characterized in that, The quantitative conveying component (3) includes a conveying pipeline, a screw conveyor shaft and a first driving motor. The screw conveyor shaft is arranged inside the conveying pipeline. The first driving motor is in transmission connection with the screw conveyor shaft. By controlling the rotation speed and running time of the first driving motor, fertilizers are quantitatively conveyed. The inlet is communicated with the output end of the conveying pipeline.

5. The electric quantitative fertilization device for rice according to claim 3, characterized in that, A flow sensor is provided inside the distribution channel (41). The flow sensor is electrically connected to the controller and is used to monitor the fertilizer flow rate passing through the distribution channel (41) in real time and transmit the flow rate data to the controller. The controller adjusts the running parameters of the first driving motor and the second driving motor according to the flow rate data to achieve accurate fertilization.

6. The electric quantitative fertilization device for rice according to claim 5, characterized in that, It further includes a liquid crystal display and an audible and visual alarm. The liquid crystal display and the audible and visual alarm are both installed on the support frame (1). The liquid crystal display and the audible and visual alarm are both electrically connected to the controller.

7. An electric quantitative fertilization monitoring system for rice, which monitors fertilization based on the electric quantitative fertilization device for rice described in any one of the above claims 1-6, and is characterized in that Including a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a control execution module and a remote monitoring module; The data acquisition module includes a sensor group, which is used to monitor the soil temperature and humidity, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the paddy field, as well as the meteorological data of the paddy field, and monitor the remaining amount of the fertilizer storage tank, the clogging state of the fertilizer outlet, and the motor temperature. The data acquisition module transmits the collected data to the data processing module; The data processing module is used to receive the data transmitted by the data acquisition module, and calculate the required fertilization amount for the current paddy field according to the preset fertilization model and algorithm, and generate a fertilization control instruction; The control execution module is electrically connected to the data processing module, the electric valve, the first drive motor, the second drive motor, and the third drive motor. The control execution module is used to receive the fertilization control instruction, and then control the opening and closing of the electric valve, and adjust the operating parameters of the first drive motor and the second drive motor to achieve quantitative fertilization; The remote monitoring module includes a server and a user terminal. The server is communicatively connected to the data processing module, receives and stores fertilization data and monitoring data. The user terminal is connected to the server through the Internet. Users can remotely view information such as fertilization status, soil humidity, and meteorological data through the user terminal, and can remotely adjust fertilization parameters.

8. The electric quantitative fertilization device and monitoring system for rice according to claim 7, characterized in that The data processing module includes a modeling unit, a correction unit, and a time-sharing control unit; The modeling unit is used to construct a fertilization model applicable to different soil conditions, climate environments, and rice varieties based on machine learning algorithms and rice growth models. The collected sensing data and differential fertilization parameters are used as input variables to input into the fertilization model, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio and total fertilization amount are output; The correction unit is connected to the modeling unit. The correction unit uses a fuzzy PID control algorithm to dynamically adjust the fertilization amount, adaptively adjusts the proportional coefficient Kp, integral coefficient Ki, and differential coefficient Kd through fuzzy logic rules, corrects the fertilization amount output by the modeling unit, ensures that the fertilization amount highly matches the actual needs of the rice, generates a precise fertilization control instruction according to the adjusted fertilization amount, and transmits it to the control execution module; The time-sharing control unit is connected to the correction unit. The time-sharing control unit is used to obtain a multi-stage fertilization plan preset according to the rice growth cycle, and obtain the real-time position information of the fertilization device through GPS positioning. Combining with geographic information system data, differential fertilization parameters for different regions are generated.

9. The electric quantitative fertilizing device and monitoring system for rice according to claim 7, characterized in that, The user terminal includes a visualization monitoring module, an abnormal alarm module, and a verification and query module; The visualization monitoring module is used to display the position and working status of the fertilization device in the form of a map, and display the real-time trajectory of the device and the soil NPK heat map. It is also used to obtain the adjusted fertilization parameters input by the user and remotely control the fertilization device; The abnormal alarm module is connected to the visualization monitoring module. The abnormal alarm module is used to trigger an alarm mode when the fertilization amount deviation exceeds the threshold or a device failure occurs, and record the alarm information. The alarm mode includes a three-level alarm mechanism; The verification query module is used to verify the identity of the user and can be used by the user to query the stored historical fertilization records and related reports by time and region.

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