Functional feed additive for ruminants and preparation method of functional feed additive

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed preparation, in particular to a functional feed additive for ruminants and a preparation method of the functional feed additive for the ruminants, and the functional feed additive for the ruminants is characterized by consisting of the following components in percentage by mass: probiotics which are saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecalis; an enzyme preparation, xylanase and protease; prebiotics are added; a microcapsule coating material; a binder; the balance is a carrier; the probiotics and the enzyme preparation are wrapped in the chitosan / sodium alginate composite film through a microcapsule coating technology, adverse factors such as temperature, humidity and illumination in the production, transportation and storage process can be effectively isolated, meanwhile, in the rumen low-pH, strong-protease and complex-microorganism environment, the coating layer can slowly release and protect active ingredients, and the effect of preventing and treating the probiotics and the enzyme preparation is achieved. Effective content and activity during final feeding are ensured, consistent growth promotion can be kept in different varieties, weights and feeding stages, and production benefits and feeding stability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of animal feed preparation, and particularly relates to a functional feed additive for ruminants and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ruminants such as cattle and sheep have a complex microbial fermentation system in the rumen, and the feed conversion efficiency and health status highly depend on the rumen microecological balance. With the intensive development of the livestock industry, the role of functional feed additives in improving feed utilization rate, regulating the rumen environment, enhancing animal immunity, etc. has attracted increasing attention. In the prior art, functional components such as probiotics, enzyme preparations, plant extracts, and trace elements are widely used and added to the daily diet to improve the production performance and health level of animals.

[0003] However, the existing functional feed additives still have the following two significant problems:

[0004] 1. Poor stability of active ingredients: Additive components represented by probiotics and active enzymes are easily inactivated by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light during production, transportation, and storage; and after being ingested by animals, these components need to undergo a series of harsh environments such as low pH in the rumen, strong proteases, and complex microbial competition, further weakening their biological activity, resulting in the effective content actually playing a role being far lower than the added amount, affecting the overall effect of the additive;

[0005] 2. Unstable effects due to individual differences in animals: There are significant differences in ruminants in terms of breed, body weight, feeding stage, feed structure, rumen microbial composition, etc. The response of the same functional additive varies greatly among different individuals or different production scenarios, and the effect fluctuates significantly, making it difficult to achieve universal and stable applications, restricting the promotion and optimized use of functional feed additives.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a functional feed additive for ruminants with higher stability and stronger adaptability and its preparation method to improve its biological efficacy and practical application value under different application conditions. To solve the above problems, we propose a functional feed additive for ruminants and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a functional feed additive for ruminants and a preparation method thereof, solving the problems raised in the background art.

[0008] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A functional feed additive for ruminants, the additive is composed of the following components by mass percentage, and the total is 100%:

[0010] Probiotics 5% - 15%, wherein the probiotics are composed of yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis in a ratio of 1:1:1, and the viable count after freeze-drying is 10 9 - 5×10 11 CFU / g;

[0011] Enzyme preparation 3% - 10%, the enzyme preparation includes cellulase with an activity of 500 - 1500 U / g, xylanase with an activity of 200 - 800 U / g, and protease with an activity of 100 - 300 U / g;

[0012] Prebiotic 2% - 8%, the prebiotic is composed of mannan oligosaccharide and fructooligosaccharide in a ratio of 1:1;

[0013] Microcapsule coating material 5% - 10%, composed of chitosan and sodium alginate, and the mass ratio of chitosan to sodium alginate is 3:1;

[0014] Binder 2% - 5%, the binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose;

[0015] The balance is a carrier, and the carrier is 200-mesh micronized plant cellulose;

[0016] Among them, each component is fully mixed to form a stable composite additive system.

[0017] Preferably, the microcapsules have an average particle size of 80 - 150 μm, a moisture content ≤ 12%, and the water activity detected is ≤ 0.3.

[0018] Preferably, the degree of deacetylation of the chitosan ≥ 85%, and during the microcapsule coating process, the cross-linking time of sodium alginate and CaCl2 is 10 - 20 minutes, thereby forming a composite membrane structure with a sodium alginate coating layer thickness of 5 - 10 μm and a chitosan coating layer thickness of 10 - 20 μm.

[0019] Preferably, the probiotics are used in a 1:1 mixture with a cryoprotectant before freeze-drying, and the cryoprotectant is composed of sucrose and skim milk powder in a ratio of 1:1; the probiotic freeze-drying process conditions are -40 °C, vacuum 5 Pa, for 24 hours to ensure that the viable count after freeze-drying reaches the above index.

[0020] Preferably, the enzyme preparation is used in a 1:0.5 mixture with a cryoprotectant before spray drying, and the cryoprotectant is maltodextrin; and during spray drying, the solid concentration of the feed liquid is 20% - 25%, the inlet air temperature is 130 ± 10 °C, and the outlet air temperature is 70 ± 10 °C to ensure that the enzyme activity does not decrease significantly.

[0021] Preferably, the microcapsules are prepared by the two-fluid spray drying method, with a spray pressure of 0.2 to 0.4 MPa and an atomizing gas flow rate of 0.5 to 1.0 m 3 / min. Meanwhile, during the preparation process, the particle size distribution, the retention rate of the active ingredient, and the moisture content are detected to ensure the stability and uniformity of the product.

[0022] The present application also provides a preparation method for a functional feed additive for ruminants, comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1. Mix 5% - 15% of probiotics, 3% - 10% of enzyme preparations, 2% - 8% of prebiotics, 2% - 5% of binders with a carrier according to the above percentage ratio, homogenize at 300 rpm for 3 - 5 minutes, and detect the uniformity of the preliminary mixture;

[0024] S2. Mix the mixture obtained in step S1 with a chitosan - sodium alginate coating material to prepare a spray drying feed liquid with a solids concentration of 20% - 25%;

[0025] S3. Dry the feed liquid in step S2 in a two-fluid spray dryer under the conditions of an inlet air temperature of 130 ± 10°C, an outlet air temperature of 70 ± 10°C, and an atomizing pressure of 0.2 - 0.4 MPa to obtain primary microcapsule powder, and record the particle size distribution and activity detection of the powder;

[0026] S4. Coating the primary powder obtained in step S3 with a pre-prepared chitosan solution in a double-layer fluidized bed coater, with a coating temperature of 50 - 60 °C, a spraying rate of 3 - 5 g / min, and a coating amount of 100% of the total amount of the coating material, and monitor the uniformity of the coating layer and the film thickness in real time;

[0027] S5. Dry the coated particles in hot air at 50 - 60°C for 2 - 3 hours to make the moisture content of the final product reach ≤12%, and at the same time, classify them through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a final product with uniform particle size;

[0028] S6. After each step, quality inspection of the intermediate products and finished products is carried out by using a particle size analyzer, a microbial activity detector, and a moisture meter to ensure that all indicators meet the preset requirements.

[0029] Preferably, the double-layer fluidized bed coater is set with a bed height of 200 - 300 mm, a circulating air speed of 1.0 - 1.5 m / s, and the water activity of the coated product is controlled at ≤0.3 to ensure the long-term storage stability of the product.

[0030] The present application also provides an application of a functional feed additive for ruminants, which is characterized in that the additive is added to the ruminant diet at a mass ratio of 0.8% - 1.2%, mixed evenly and then fed. At the same time, it is recommended to conduct a small-scale trial before feeding to detect indicators such as animal health, digestion and absorption, and growth performance, so as to further optimize the feeding plan.

[0031] In summary, the present invention mainly has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. Through the microcapsule coating technology, the present invention encapsulates probiotics and enzyme preparations in a chitosan / sodium alginate composite film to form microcapsules with an average particle size of 80 - 150 μm and a water content of ≤ 12%. This can effectively isolate adverse factors such as temperature, humidity, and light during production, transportation, and storage. At the same time, in the rumen with low pH, strong protease, and complex microbial environment, the coating layer can slowly release and protect the active ingredients, ensuring that the viable count of probiotics is maintained at 10 9 ~5×10 11 CFU / g and the enzyme activity does not decrease significantly, thus ensuring the effective content and activity during final feeding.

[0033] 2. The prebiotics, probiotics, and enzyme preparations in the additive of the present invention act synergistically, which can optimize the rumen microbial community structure, enhance the decomposition and utilization of cellulose, hemicellulose, and protein, and can maintain consistent growth promotion, weight gain, and improvement of feed-to-meat ratio effects in ruminants of different breeds, weights, feeding stages, and diet ratios, effectively reducing application fluctuations caused by individual differences, and improving production efficiency and feeding stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the preparation method of the additive in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0035] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. The conditions in the embodiments can be further adjusted according to specific conditions. Any simple improvement of the method of the present invention under the premise of the concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope required by the present invention.

[0037] Example 1: A preparation method of a functional feed additive for ruminants, asFigure 1 As shown in:

[0038] I. Material Preparation

[0039] Probiotic mixture: Yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis were mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1, and an equal mass of protective agent (sucrose and skimmed milk powder 1:1) was added. Vacuum freeze-drying was carried out at -40 °C and 5 Pa for 24 hours to obtain freeze-dried probiotic powder with a viable count of 1×10 10 CFU / g;

[0040] Enzyme preparation: Cellulase (activity 1000 U / g), xylanase (activity 500 U / g) and protease (activity 200 U / g) were mixed in proportion, and maltodextrin protective agent with a mass 0.5 times that of them was added to prepare an enzyme solution with a solid content concentration of 22%. Spray drying was carried out (inlet air temperature 130 °C, outlet air temperature 70 °C) to obtain active enzyme powder;

[0041] Prebiotic mixture: Mannooligosaccharide (MOS) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) were mixed in a ratio of 1:1 and reserved;

[0042] Microcapsule coating material: Chitosan and sodium alginate were mixed in a ratio of 3:1 to prepare a coating solution and reserved;

[0043] Carrier: 200-mesh micronized plant cellulose;

[0044] Binder: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0045] II. Preparation Steps

[0046] 1. Take each component according to the following mass percentages: freeze-dried probiotic powder: 10%, enzyme preparation powder: 8%, prebiotic mixture: 5%, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: 3% and plant cellulose carrier: 59%. Homogenize and stir in a mixing tank at 300 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a preliminary mixture;

[0047] 2. Mix the preliminary mixture with the chitosan-sodium alginate composite coating solution, adjust the solid content concentration of the feed liquid to 25%, use a two-fluid spray drying device, set the atomization pressure at 0.3 MPa, the atomization air flow at 0.8 m 3 / min, the inlet air temperature at 135 °C, and the outlet air temperature at 70 °C to obtain primary microcapsule powder;

[0048] 3. Transfer the above powder to a double-layer fluidized bed coater, set the bed height at 250 mm and the circulating air speed at 1.2 m / s, and coat with the chitosan solution at a spraying speed of 4 g / min, and the coating temperature at 55 °C to form a double-layer membrane structure;

[0049] 4. The coated granules are dried in hot air at 60 °C for 2.5 hours to reduce the moisture content to 10%, and then classified through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a uniform microcapsule additive product with a particle size of 100 - 130 μm.

[0050] 5. The following tests are conducted on the obtained additive product: Microbial activity test: The freeze-dried bacteria live count is 1×10 10 CFU / g, Enzyme activity test: The retention rate of each enzyme activity is above 90%, Water activity: 0.28, Standard deviation of particle size distribution is less than 10 μm.

[0051] Example 2: Verification of the improvement of active ingredient stability

[0052] Aiming at the problem that the activity of probiotics and active enzymes in the prior art drops significantly during production, transportation, storage, and after being ingested by animals (such as entering the environment of rumen acid, protease, and microbial competition), a group of in vitro simulation experiments are designed to compare the difference in activity retention between the product using the microcapsule coating technology of the present invention and the traditional physical mixing product.

[0053] 1. Sample preparation

[0054] Sample A (of the present invention): The functional feed additive prepared according to Example 1, using the two-fluid spray drying and double-layer fluidized bed coating technologies to protect probiotics and enzyme preparations;

[0055] Sample B (traditional control): Probiotics, active enzymes, and other excipients are directly mixed in the same proportion without freeze-drying protection and microcapsule coating.

[0056] 2. Simulation test of storage conditions

[0057] The two samples are respectively stored in a constant temperature and humidity environment at 25 °C and relative humidity of 60% for 30 days without taking any additional protection measures;

[0058] The probiotic activity (CFU / g) and enzyme activity (determined value of each enzyme activity) in the samples are detected on the 0th day, 15th day, and 30th day respectively.

[0059] 3. Simulation test of rumen environment

[0060] Take the samples stored for 30 days, and incubate them in simulated rumen fluid (pH 5.5, containing a certain concentration of protease and mixed microbial flora) for 4 hours, and then detect the retention rate of the active ingredients again.

[0061] The experimental result data are sorted out as shown in Table 1

[0062]

[0063] Table 1

[0064] As shown in Table 1: After the samples prepared by the process of the present invention were stored for 30 days and treated in a simulated rumen environment for 4 hours, the retention rate of the active ingredients was significantly better than that of the traditional control samples, fully demonstrating the advantages of the present invention in overcoming the influence of intense environmental factors on the stability of active ingredients during production, transportation, storage, and after animal ingestion.

[0065] Example 3: Verification of Animal Individual Differences and Stability

[0066] Ruminants have significant differences in terms of breed, body weight, feeding stage, feed structure, and rumen microbial composition, resulting in large fluctuations in the effects of the same additive in different individuals or scenarios. To verify that the product of the present invention can achieve a universal and stable effect in various ruminants, an animal experiment was designed to compare the application effects of the additive of the present invention and conventional additives in different animal individuals.

[0067] 1. Select three types of ruminants under different conditions:

[0068] Group I: Lactating dairy cows (average body weight about 650 kg), Group II: Growing yellow cattle (average body weight about 400 kg), Group III: Growing sheep (average body weight about 50 kg).

[0069] 2. Each type of animal was randomly divided into two groups (not less than 10 heads / animals in each group):

[0070] Experimental group: Add 1.0% of the product of the present invention to the daily diet;

[0071] Control group: Add a commercially available common functional feed additive at a ratio of 1.0%.

[0072] 3. Feeding cycle and monitoring indicators

[0073] The feeding cycle was 60 days, and the following parameters of each group of animals were regularly monitored:

[0074] Daily average feed intake change, daily weight gain, rumen pH stability (recorded using an in-rumen online pH monitoring device), and feed conversion rate (ratio of feed consumption to weight gain).

[0075] 4. For each type of animal, compare the mean values and coefficient of variation (CV) of the above parameters in the experimental group and the control group to evaluate the effect stability of the additive in different individuals.

[0076] The experimental result data are organized as shown in Table 2

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] Table 2

[0080] As shown in Table 2, all indicators of the experimental group of the present invention are significantly better than those of the control group, and the coefficient of variation of each parameter is much lower than that of commercially available products, indicating that the product of the present invention can achieve more stable and more general effects among different ruminant individuals. Experimental data prove that after animals ingest food, the additive of the present invention can effectively improve feed conversion rate and animal growth performance under different breeds, weights, stages and feeding conditions, and maintain the stability of the rumen environment.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A functional feed additive for ruminants, characterized in that, The additive is composed of the following components by mass percentage, and the total is 100%: Probiotics 5% - 15%, wherein the probiotics are composed of a 1:1:1 mixture of yeast, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis, and the viable count after freeze-drying is 10 9 - 5×10 11 CFU / g; Enzyme preparation 3% - 10%, the enzyme preparation includes cellulase with an activity of 500 - 1500 U / g, xylanase with an activity of 200 - 800 U / g, and protease with an activity of 100 - 300 U / g; Prebiotic 2% - 8%, the prebiotic is a 1:1 mixture of mannan oligosaccharide and fructooligosaccharide; Microcapsule coating material 5% - 10%, which is composed of a composite of chitosan and sodium alginate, and the mass ratio of chitosan to sodium alginate is 3:1; Binder 2% - 5%, the binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; The rest is a carrier, and the carrier is 200 - mesh micronized vegetable cellulose; Among them, after the components are fully mixed, a stable composite additive system is formed.

2. The functional feed additive for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcapsules have an average particle size of 80 - 150 μm, a moisture content ≤ 12%, and it is detected that their water activity ≤ 0.

3.

3. A functional feed additive for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deacetylation degree of the chitosan ≥ 85%, and during the microcapsule coating process, the cross-linking time of sodium alginate and CaCl2 is 10 - 20 minutes, thereby forming a composite membrane structure with a sodium alginate coating layer thickness of 5 - 10 μm and a chitosan coating layer thickness of 10 - 20 μm.

4. The functional feed additive for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The probiotics are mixed with a protective agent at a ratio of 1:1 before freeze-drying, and the protective agent is a 1:1 mixture of sucrose and skimmed milk powder; the probiotic freeze-drying process conditions are -40 °C, vacuum 5 Pa, for 24 hours to ensure that the viable count after freeze-drying reaches the specified index.

5. The functional feed additive for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein The enzyme preparation is mixed with a protective agent at a ratio of 1:0.5 before spray drying, and the protective agent is maltodextrin; and during spray drying, the solid content concentration of the feed liquid is 20% - 25%, the inlet air temperature is 130 ± 10 °C, and the outlet air temperature is 70 ± 10 °C to ensure that the enzyme activity does not decrease significantly.

6. The functional feed additive for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcapsules are prepared by the double-fluid spray drying method, with a spray pressure of 0.2 to 0.4 MPa and an atomizing gas flow rate of 0.5 to 1.0 m 3 / min. At the same time, during the preparation process, the particle size distribution, retention rate of the active ingredient, and moisture content are detected to ensure the stability and uniformity of the product.

7. A preparation method of a functional feed additive for ruminants as described in any one of claims 1–6, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1. Mix 5% - 15% of probiotics, 3% - 10% of enzyme preparation, 2% - 8% of prebiotic, 2% - 5% of binder with the carrier according to the above percentage ratio, homogenize at 300 rpm for 3 - 5 minutes, and detect the uniformity of the preliminary mixture; S2. Mix the mixture obtained in step S1 with the chitosan-sodium alginate coating material to prepare a spray drying feed liquid with a solid content concentration of 20% - 25%; S3. Dry the feed liquid in step S2 in a two-fluid spray dryer under the conditions of an inlet air temperature of 130 ± 10 °C, an outlet air temperature of 70 ± 10 °C, and an atomization pressure of 0.2 - 0.4 MPa to obtain primary microcapsule powder, and record the particle size distribution and activity detection of the powder; S4. Coat the primary powder obtained in step S3 with the pre-prepared chitosan solution in a double-layer fluidized bed coater, the coating temperature is 50 - 60 °C, the spray rate is 3 - 5 g / min, the coating amount is 100% of the total amount of the coating material, and monitor the uniformity of the coating layer and the film layer thickness in real time; S5. Dry the coated granules in hot air at 50 - 60 °C for 2 - 3 hours to make the moisture content of the final product reach ≤12%, and at the same time, classify them through a 200 - mesh sieve to obtain the final product with uniform particle size; S6. After each step, conduct quality inspections on the intermediate products and finished products by using a particle size analyzer, a microbial activity detector, and a moisture analyzer to ensure that all indicators meet the preset requirements.

8. The preparation method of a functional feed additive for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The double - layer fluidized bed coater is set with a bed height of 200 - 300 mm, a circulating air speed of 1.0 - 1.5 m / s, and the water activity of the coated product is controlled at ≤0.3 to ensure the long - term storage stability of the product.

9. A method for applying the additive according to any one of claims 1 - 6, characterized in that, Add the additive to the ruminant diet at a mass ratio of 0.8% - 1.2%, mix evenly and then feed. At the same time, it is recommended to conduct small - batch trials before feeding to detect indicators such as animal health, digestion and absorption, and growth performance to further optimize the feeding plan.

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