Feed for reducing pH value of sow urine and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed capable of reducing the pH value of sow urine and a preparation method thereof.The feed is prepared by mixing glucose branch and leaf powder and glucose with malic acid after being fermented through lactic acid bacteria, the mass ratio of the glucose branch and leaf powder to the glucose to the malic acid is (5-20): (1-2): (1-2), and the preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps that fresh grape branches and leaves are smashed into granules; drying, crushing and sieving to obtain grape branch and leaf powder; uniformly mixing and stirring grape branch and leaf powder and glucose in proportion, adding purified water to adjust moisture, mixing and standing at room temperature, and sterilizing to obtain a grape branch and leaf powder mixed raw material; culturing lactic acid bacteria to obtain fermentation bacteria liquid; inoculating the fermented bacterial liquid to the grape branch and leaf powder mixed raw material according to a mass ratio of 3-6%, and fermenting to obtain a grape branch and leaf powder fermented product; the fermented grape branch and leaf powder and malic acid are mixed in proportion to obtain the feed, the feed can enable the pH value of sow urine to be 5.5-7.0, the palatability is good, and the resource utilization rate of glucose branches and leaves is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and in particular relates to a feed for reducing the pH value of sows' urine and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Vineyards generate a large amount of waste branches and leaves during annual pruning. Most of this resource is randomly stacked or burned, without being effectively developed and utilized, resulting in serious waste of resources and environmental pollution. As a natural bioflavonoid resource, grape branches and leaves are rich in organic matter and nutrient elements, and have excellent biological effects such as anti-free radical, antioxidant, anti-aging, lipid-lowering, immune regulation, and antibacterial. Converting it into high-quality feed has important utilization value.

[0003] Sows are the core group in a pig farm and have an extremely important position. They are not only the basis and guarantee for improving the production performance of the pig farm and the main source of economic benefits, but also the root cause of vertical disease transmission and sub-health status of the pig herd. The management and maintenance of sows are the key factors for the success of the pig farm. Through scientific feeding management, the production performance of sows can be improved, thereby improving the economic and social benefits of the entire pig farm. Under modern large-scale and intensive farming conditions, there are many stresses, and the metabolism of sows changes, often leading to a sub-healthy state. The urethra of sows is normally an acidic environment, which can inhibit the growth of urethral bacteria (including bacteria that produce urease). Normal urine is slightly acidic, with a pH value between 5.5 and 7.0. Studies have found that when the pH of sows' urine is greater than the normal range, it is conducive to the growth of bacteria, causing urethral infections in sows, and in severe cases, sudden death of pigs, especially when the pH value of urine reaches 8; on the other hand, the pH value of pig urine has a direct impact on the emission amount of ammonia. The lower the pH value, the less ammonia is emitted. By adjusting the components of the sow diet, the pH value of urine can be changed, promoting the health of sows and the emission of ammonia, and contributing to the air quality of the breeding environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a feed that can utilize grape branches and leaves and reduce the pH value of sows' urine. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one problem in the prior art, and propose a feed for reducing the pH value of sows' urine and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention proposes a feed for reducing the pH value of sows' urine. The feed is made by fermenting glucose branches and leaves powder and glucose with lactic acid bacteria and then mixing with malic acid. The mass ratio of glucose branches and leaves powder, glucose, and malic acid is (5 - 20):(1 - 2):(1:2).

[0006] As an optional implementation, the feed is processed by mixing the fermented product of glucose foliage powder and glucose by lactic acid bacteria with malic acid. The mass ratio of glucose foliage powder, glucose, and malic acid is 9:1:1.

[0007] As an optional implementation, the feed is processed by mixing the fermented product of glucose foliage powder and glucose by lactic acid bacteria with malic acid. The mass ratio of glucose foliage powder, glucose, and malic acid is 17:1:1.

[0008] As an optional implementation, when the feed is used to feed sows, the addition amount in the sow diet is 2%-4%.

[0009] As an optional implementation, the lactic acid bacteria used is Lactobacillus helveticus.

[0010] The present invention also provides a preparation method of the above feed, which includes the following steps: Crush fresh grape foliage into pellet feed, dry the pellet feed until the moisture content is 13%-18%, continue to crush and sieve to obtain grape foliage powder; Mix grape foliage powder and glucose in proportion, stir evenly, add pure water to adjust the moisture to 20%-30%, mix and stand at room temperature for 1h-2h, and sterilize to obtain a mixed raw material of grape foliage powder; Cultivate lactic acid bacteria in MRS liquid medium statically at 28℃-35℃ for 18h-36h to obtain fermented bacterial liquid; Inoculate the fermented bacterial liquid onto the mixed raw material of grape foliage powder at a mass ratio of 3%-6%, and ferment at a fermentation temperature of 25-45℃ for 150h-200h to obtain a fermented product of grape foliage powder; Mix the fermented product of grape foliage powder and malic acid in proportion to obtain the feed.

[0011] As an optional implementation, the size of the pellet feed is 2cm-3cm, and the sieving is carried out by filtering with a 20-mesh to 30-mesh sieve.

[0012] As an optional implementation, the sterilization is carried out by the sterilization method at 115℃, and the sterilization time is 10min-30min.

[0013] Introduction to the efficacy of feed ingredients and preparation methods: Grape branches and leaves contain rich fibrous tissues. Using biotechnology to prepare dietary fiber from grape branches and leaves not only has good palatability but also contains no mycotoxins, effectively ensuring the health of sows and product safety. Through lactic acid bacteria fermentation, the cell structure of grape branches and leaves is destroyed, increasing the content of free polyphenols (such as resveratrol and proanthocyanidins) in the feed, enhancing antioxidant activity, and also reducing the content of anti-nutritional factors such as tannins in grape branches and leaves; lactic acid bacteria can partially degrade cellulose in the plant cell wall, releasing more soluble sugars (such as glucose and xylose), improving the energy value. Organic acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria metabolism can lower the pH, inhibit harmful microorganisms, and at the same time promote the dissolution and absorption of minerals (such as calcium and iron). The flavor substances produced by fermentation can improve the palatability of the feed.

[0014] Malic acid is an environmentally friendly additive that can regulate the pH value in the gastrointestinal tract of sows, help improve the activity of digestive enzymes in the digestive tract, and increase the digestibility of nutrients. In addition, malic acid can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and improve the health level of sows.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention: By fermenting glucose branches and leaves powder and glucose with lactic acid bacteria and then adding a specific proportion of malic acid to make feed, malic acid releases H in the digestive tract and urine + , which can make the pH value of sows' urine between 5.5 - 7.0, improve the palatability of the feed, and ensure the health of sows; the whole preparation method is simple, safe and environmentally friendly, and improves the resource utilization rate of glucose branches and leaves.

[0016] The features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail through examples. Specific embodiments

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application.

[0018] Example 1 This example presents a feed for reducing the pH value of sows' urine. The feed is made by fermenting glucose branches and leaves powder and glucose with lactic acid bacteria and then mixing with malic acid. The mass ratio of glucose branches and leaves powder, glucose, and malic acid is 9:1:1.

[0019] The preparation method of the feed is as follows: Crush fresh grape branches and leaves into pellet feed with a particle size of 2 cm, dry the pellet feed until the moisture content is 15%, continue to crush, and pass through a 30-mesh sieve to obtain grape branches and leaves powder; Mix grapevine leaf powder and glucose in a mass ratio of 9:1, stir evenly, add pure water to adjust the moisture to 28%, mix and let stand at room temperature for 1 h, and sterilize at 115 °C for 15 min to obtain a mixed raw material of grapevine leaf powder; Culture Lactobacillus helveticus 9 in MRS liquid medium at 30 °C for 24 h while standing to obtain a fermented bacterial liquid; Inoculate the fermented bacterial liquid onto the mixed raw material of grapevine leaf powder at a mass ratio of 5%, and ferment at a fermentation temperature of 25 °C for 180 h to obtain a fermented product of grapevine leaf powder; Mix the fermented product of grapevine leaf powder and malic acid in a mass ratio of 10:1 to obtain feed.

[0020] Example 2 This example presents a feed for reducing the pH value of sows' urine. This feed is made by fermenting glucose grapevine leaf powder and glucose with lactic acid bacteria and then mixing with malic acid. The mass ratio of glucose grapevine leaf powder, glucose, and malic acid is 17:1:1.

[0021] The preparation method of this feed is as follows: Crush fresh grapevine leaves into 3-cm granular materials, dry the granular materials until the moisture content is 18%, continue to crush, and pass through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain grapevine leaf powder; Mix grapevine leaf powder and glucose in a mass ratio of 17:1, stir evenly, add pure water to adjust the moisture to 30%, mix and let stand at room temperature for 2 h, and sterilize at 115 °C for 30 min to obtain a mixed raw material of grapevine leaf powder; Culture Lactobacillus helveticus 9 in MRS liquid medium at 32 °C for 32 h while standing to obtain a fermented bacterial liquid; Inoculate the fermented bacterial liquid onto the mixed raw material of grapevine leaf powder at a mass ratio of 6%, and ferment at a fermentation temperature of 28 °C for 200 h to obtain a fermented product of grapevine leaf powder; Mix the fermented product of grapevine leaf powder and malic acid in a mass ratio of 18:1 to obtain feed.

[0022] Example 3 This example presents a feed for reducing the pH value of sows' urine. This feed is made by fermenting glucose grapevine leaf powder and glucose with lactic acid bacteria and then mixing with malic acid. The mass ratio of glucose grapevine leaf powder, glucose, and malic acid is 10:2:2.

[0023] The preparation method of this feed is as follows: Crush fresh grapevine leaves into 3-cm granular materials, dry the granular materials until the moisture content is 13%, continue to crush, and pass through a 25-mesh sieve to obtain grapevine leaf powder; Mix grapevine leaf powder and glucose at a mass ratio of 10:2. After stirring evenly, add pure water to adjust the moisture content to 20%. Mix and let stand at room temperature for 1.5 h, and sterilize at 115 °C for 15 min to obtain a mixed raw material of grapevine leaf powder. Culture Lactobacillus helveticus 9 in MRS liquid medium at 28 °C for 36 h under static conditions to obtain a fermented bacterial liquid. Inoculate the fermented bacterial liquid onto the mixed raw material of grapevine leaf powder at a mass ratio of 4%, and ferment at a fermentation temperature of 28 °C for 150 h to obtain a fermented product of grapevine leaf powder. Mix the fermented product of grapevine leaf powder and malic acid at a mass ratio of 12:2 to obtain the feed.

[0024] Control Example 1 This control example presents a feed. Except that the mass ratio of glucose leaf powder, glucose, and malic acid is 2:1:1, the remaining preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0025] Control Example 2 This control example presents a feed. Except that the mass ratio of glucose leaf powder, glucose, and malic acid is 25:1:1, the remaining preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0026] Control Example 3 This control example presents a feed, which is obtained by fermenting glucose leaf powder and glucose with lactic acid bacteria. The mass ratio of glucose leaf powder to glucose is 9:1. Except for not adding malic acid, the remaining preparation method steps are the same as those of the preparation method of the example.

[0027] Regarding the effects of different feeds on the urine pH value of sows and the ammonia content in the environment Select 200 newly delivered healthy lactating sows of the same breed and parity, divide them into 5 groups on average, and raise them in the same environment. The 5 groups of sows are fed with a standard diet + 2% of the feed of Example 1 (denoted as the experimental group), a standard diet (denoted as Control Group 1), a standard diet + 2% of the feed of Control Example 1 (denoted as Control Group 2), a standard diet + 2% of the feed of Control Example 2 (denoted as Control Group 3), and a standard diet + 2% of the feed of Control Example 3 (denoted as Control Group 4). Feed the above feeds until the piglets are weaned, and measure the average daily feed intake of the sows, the urine pH value, and the ammonia concentration in the pigsty environment. The urine pH value and the environmental ammonia concentration are measured 3 times repeatedly and the average value is taken. The specific test results are shown in Table 2 below. Among them, the formula of the standard diet is shown in Table 1.

[0028] Table 1 Composition and nutritional indexes of the standard diet

[0029] Table 2 Comparison table of average daily feed intake, urine pH value and environmental ammonia concentration of sows under different feedings

[0030] As can be seen from Table 2, the average daily feed intake of sows in the experimental group has increased compared with each control example. Especially for Control Group 1 fed only with the standard diet, its average daily feed intake has increased by 30.77% (P<0.01); the urine pH value of sows in the experimental group has decreased compared with Control Group 1, and the urine pH of sows is within the normal range; the ammonia in the breeding environment of Control Group 1 is higher than that of the other groups, and the ammonia in the breeding environment of the experimental group fed with the feed of Example 1 is significantly lower than that of the other groups. It shows that the feed formulated according to the present application can keep the pH of sows within the normal range and reduce the environmental ammonia concentration.

[0031] The above embodiments are illustrative of the present invention, not limitations thereof. Any simple transformation of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for reducing the pH value of sows' urine, characterized in that: The feed is prepared by mixing the glucose leaf and twig powder and glucose after fermentation by lactic acid bacteria with malic acid. The mass ratio of the glucose leaf and twig powder, glucose, and malic acid is (5 - 20):(1 - 2):(1:2).

2. The feed for reducing the pH value of sows' urine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed is processed by mixing the glucose leaf and twig powder and glucose after fermentation by lactic acid bacteria with malic acid. The mass ratio of the glucose leaf and twig powder, glucose, and malic acid is 9:1:

1.

3. The feed for reducing the pH value of sows' urine according to claim 1, wherein: The feed is processed by mixing the glucose leaf and twig powder and glucose after fermentation by lactic acid bacteria with malic acid. The mass ratio of the glucose leaf and twig powder, glucose, and malic acid is 17:1:

1.

4. The feed for reducing the pH value of sows' urine as described in claim 1, characterized in that: When the feed is used to feed sows, the addition amount in the sow diet is 2% - 4%.

5. The feed for reducing the pH value of sows' urine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lactic acid bacteria used is Lactobacillus helveticus.

6. A method for preparing a feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Crush fresh grape leaves and twigs into pellet feed, dry the pellet feed until the moisture content is 13% - 18%, continue to crush and sieve to obtain grape leaf and twig powder; Mix the grape leaf and twig powder and glucose in proportion, stir evenly, add pure water to adjust the moisture to 20% - 30%, mix and let stand at room temperature for 1h - 2h, and sterilize to obtain a mixed raw material of grape leaf and twig powder; Cultivate the lactic acid bacteria in MRS liquid medium under the condition of 28℃ - 35℃ for 18h - 36h to obtain a fermented bacterial liquid; Inoculate the fermented bacterial liquid onto the mixed raw material of grape leaf and twig powder at a mass ratio of 3% - 6%, and ferment at a fermentation temperature of 25 - 45℃ for 150h - 200h to obtain a fermented product of grape leaf and twig powder; Mix the fermented product of grape leaf and twig powder and malic acid in proportion to obtain the feed.

7. The preparation method of the feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: The size of the pellet feed is 2cm - 3cm, and the sieving is carried out by filtering with a 20 - 30 - mesh sieve.

8. The preparation method of the feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sterilization is carried out by the sterilization method at 115℃, and the sterilization time is 10min - 30min.

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