Premix for improving disease resistance of seriola quinqueradiata

Abstract

The premix is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 12%-13% of cassia twig, 12%-13% of Chinese herbaceous peony, 15%-16% of poria cocos, 15%-16% of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 8%-9% of ephedra, 16%-18% of radix bupleuri, 12%-14% of pericarpium citri reticulatae and 9%-11% of fresh ginger, the components are subjected to superfine grinding until the particle size is 200 meshes and then uniformly mixed, and the mixture is added into a seriola aureovittata basal feed according to the weight proportion of 0.1%-0.2%. The feed is used for reducing the disease infection rate to 14% or below and increasing the final body weight to 970 g or above. The feed can regulate the immunity of the seriola aureovittata organism, improve the disease resistance of the seriola aureovittata, promote the growth speed of the seriola aureovittata, improve the survival rate and increase the yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of Seriola dumerili breeding, and particularly to a premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerili. Background Art

[0002] Seriola dumerili, also known as Dumeril's amberjack, red jack, and almaco jack, belongs to the phylum Chordata, class Osteichthyes, order Perciformes, family Carangidae, and genus Seriola. This fish is a migratory fish living in the deep sea, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical waters of the world, and is a precious economic fish at the warm-water bottom layer. With its delicious, crispy, refreshing and chewy meat, Seriola dumerili has become an ideal raw material for sashimi. It is expensive, has high economic value, and its meat is fat, tender and nutritious, being highly praised by people and regarded as a top-notch delicacy. At present, the market demand for Seriola dumerili is increasing, and its breeding technology is also constantly improving. Generally, deep-water cages or industrialized high-density breeding models are mainly used. Due to the high requirements for water quality, artificial compound feeds are mostly selected during the breeding process to adapt to high-density breeding.

[0003] With the continuous expansion of the breeding scale of Seriola dumerili, natural bait can no longer meet the feeding needs, and the demand for artificial feeds is also increasing day by day. However, at present, during the process of feeding Seriola dumerili with artificial compound feeds, due to changes in the breeding environment such as temperature changes, sudden changes in dissolved oxygen or salinity of the water body, and accumulation of toxic elements, etc., it will cause stress reactions in the immune system of fish. If the fish are not treated in time, it is very easy to cause diseases. At the same time, Seriola dumerili generally also has phenomena such as high mortality, high feed conversion ratio, and low meat production rate during the breeding process. The low yield has seriously damaged the economic benefits of farmers. So far, there has been no report on the research of using a premix added with Chinese herbal medicines to improve the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerili, increase its survival rate and yield. Therefore, developing a premix that can not only improve the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerili, but also promote its growth rate, increase its survival rate, and increase its yield is of great significance to the intensive breeding and sustainable development of Seriola dumerili.

[0004] To solve the problem of low spawning rate of Seriola dumerili during the feed feeding process, the present invention preferably selects Chinese herbal medicines such as Cinnamon Twig, White Peony Root, Poria, Atractylodes Macrocephala, Ephedra, Bupleurum Root, Tangerine Peel, and Ginger, which have the effects of improving the body's immunity, enhancing the body's disease resistance, and are rich in a large amount of vitamins and minerals as raw materials. On the premise of ensuring the improvement of its spawning rate, the palatability problem is fully considered, which can not only reduce the disease infection rate of Seriola dumerili, but also promote its growth rate and increase its survival rate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerili to solve the above deficiencies in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerili, which is composed of the following components in mass percentages: Cinnamomum cassia 12% - 13%, Paeonia lactiflora 12% - 13%, Poria cocos 15% - 16%, Atractylodes macrocephala 15% - 16%, Ephedra sinica 8% - 9%, Bupleurum chinense 16% - 18%, Citrus reticulata Blanco 12% - 14%, Zingiber officinale 9% - 11%. And the components are uniformly mixed after being ultrafinely pulverized to a particle size of 200 mesh, and added to the basic feed of Seriola dumerili in a weight ratio of 0.1% - 0.2% to reduce the disease infection rate to below 14% and increase the final body weight to above 970 g.

[0007] Preferably, the mass percentages of the components are: Cinnamomum cassia 13%, Paeonia lactiflora 13%, Poria cocos 16%, Atractylodes macrocephala 16%, Ephedra sinica 9%, Bupleurum chinense 18%, Citrus reticulata Blanco 10%, Zingiber officinale 5%.

[0008] Preferably, the mixing method after ultrafine pulverization is three - dimensional rotational mixing, and the mixing time is 30 - 60 minutes.

[0009] Preferably, the disease infection rate includes body rot disease and parasite infection, and after adding the premix, the disease infection rate is reduced to 10.67% - 13.33%.

[0010] Preferably, the premix increases the survival rate of Seriola dumerili to 92% - 96.33%, and the final body weight reaches 972.1 - 989.5 g.

[0011] Preferably, after the premix is mixed with the basic feed, the feed conversion ratio is reduced to 1.51 - 1.54.

[0012] Preferably, the premix is applicable to the net - cage culture or industrialized high - density culture mode, and the daily feeding amount is 1% - 2% of the body weight of Seriola dumerili.

[0013] Preferably, the Cinnamomum cassia, Paeonia lactiflora, Poria cocos, Atractylodes macrocephala, Ephedra sinica, Bupleurum chinense, Citrus reticulata Blanco and Zingiber officinale are all raw materials pulverized after drying, and the shelf life is 12 months.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation method of the premix includes the following steps: pulverize each component to a particle size of 200 mesh respectively, mix according to the ratio, and then seal and package in a cool and dry environment.

[0015] Preferably, the use effect of the premix is verified by one - way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple comparison, and the significance level is P < 0.05.

[0016] In the above technical solution, a premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerili provided by the present invention 1) The present invention uses common Chinese herbal medicines as the main raw materials, featuring rich resources, wide sources of raw materials, and easy availability.

[0017] 2) The Chinese herbal medicines selected in the present invention have no toxic or side effects, no hormones, are not likely to cause environmental pollution, will not produce residues in fish bodies, are safe to use, simple to operate, low in cost, and suitable for popularization.

[0018] 3) The present invention can not only regulate the body immunity of Seriola dumerili, enhance its disease resistance characteristics, but also promote its growth rate, improve its survival rate, and increase the yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram showing the effects of different test feeds on the survival rate and disease infection rate of Seriola dumerili provided by an embodiment of a premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerili according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 Schematic diagram showing the effects of a Seriola dumerili premix on the final body weight and feed conversion ratio of Seriola dumerili provided by an embodiment of a premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerili according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0022] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following will further introduce the present invention in detail in conjunction with the drawings.

[0023] As Figure 1-2 shown, a premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerili provided by an embodiment of the present invention is composed of the following components in mass percentage: Cinnamon Twig 12% - 13%, White Peony Root 12% - 13%, Poria 15% - 16%, Atractylodes Macrocephala 15% - 16%, Ephedra 8% - 9%, Bupleurum Root 16% - 18%, Tangerine Peel 12% - 14%, Fresh Ginger 9% - 11%. And the components are uniformly mixed after being ultrafinely pulverized to a particle size of 200 mesh, and added to the Seriola dumerili basic feed in a weight ratio of 0.1% - 0.2% to reduce the disease infection rate to below 14% and increase the final body weight to above 970 g.

[0024] Preferably, the mass percentages of the components are: Cinnamon Twig 13%, White Peony Root 13%, Poria 16%, Atractylodes Macrocephala 16%, Ephedra 9%, Bupleurum Root 18%, Tangerine Peel 10%, Fresh Ginger 5%.

[0025] Preferably, the mixing method after ultrafine grinding is three-dimensional rotational mixing, and the mixing time is 30 to 60 minutes.

[0026] Preferably, the disease infection rate includes body rot disease and parasite infection. After adding the premix, the disease infection rate is reduced to 10.67% - 13.33%.

[0027] Preferably, the premix increases the survival rate of Seriola dumerili to 92% - 96.33%, and the final body weight reaches 972.1 - 989.5 g.

[0028] Preferably, after the premix is mixed with the basic feed, the feed conversion ratio is reduced to 1.51 - 1.54.

[0029] Preferably, the premix is applicable to cage culture or industrialized high-density culture mode, and the daily feeding amount is 1% - 2% of the body weight of Seriola dumerili.

[0030] Preferably, the cinnamon twig, white peony root, poria, atractylodes macrocephala, ephedra, bupleurum, tangerine peel and ginger are all raw materials that are dried and ground, and the storage period is 12 months.

[0031] Preferably, the preparation method of the premix includes the following steps: Each component is respectively ground to a particle size of 200 meshes, and after being mixed according to the ratio, it is sealed and packaged in a cool and dry environment.

[0032] Preferably, the use effect of the premix is verified by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple comparison, and the significance level is P < 0.05. Example 1

[0033] Weigh 13 kg (13%) of cinnamon twig, 13 kg (13%) of white peony root, 16 kg (16%) of poria, 16 kg (16%) of atractylodes macrocephala, 18 kg (18%) of bupleurum, 9 kg (9%) of ephedra, 10 kg (10%) of tangerine peel, and 5 kg (5%) of ginger. After being ground by an ultrafine grinder, all pass through a 200-mesh sieve, and after being mixed evenly, they are added to the compound feed for Seriola dumerili at a ratio of 0.2 wt.%. Example 2

[0034] Weigh 13 kg (13%) of cinnamon twig, 13 kg (13%) of white peony root, 15 kg (15%) of poria, 15 kg (15%) of atractylodes macrocephala, 17 kg (17%) of bupleurum, 9 kg (9%) of ephedra, 13 kg (13%) of tangerine peel, and 5 kg (5%) of ginger. After being ground by an ultrafine grinder, all pass through a 200-mesh sieve, and after being mixed evenly, they are added to the compound feed for Seriola dumerili at a ratio of 0.2 wt.%. Example 3

[0035] Weigh 12 kg (12%) of Ramulus Cinnamomi, 12 kg (12%) of Paeoniae Radix Alba, 16 kg (16%) of Poria, 16 kg (16%) of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 17 kg (17%) of Bupleuri Radix, 9 kg (9%) of Ephedrae Herba, 13 kg (13%) of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, and 5 kg (5%) of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens. After pulverizing with an ultrafine pulverizer and passing through a 200-mesh sieve, mix evenly and add to the formulated feed for greater amberjack at a ratio of 0.2%. Example 4

[0036] Weigh 12 kg (12%) of Ramulus Cinnamomi, 12 kg (12%) of Paeoniae Radix Alba, 15 kg (15%) of Poria, 15 kg (15%) of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 18 kg (18%) of Bupleuri Radix, 9 kg (9%) of Ephedrae Herba, 13 kg (13%) of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, and 6 kg (6%) of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens. After pulverizing with an ultrafine pulverizer and passing through a 200-mesh sieve, mix evenly and add to the formulated feed for greater amberjack at a ratio of 0.2%.

[0037] 1 Experimental Design 1.1 Materials and Methods Use the complete feed with the same basic formula as the test feed. In the control group, Group A feed does not add the formulated premix for greater amberjack. Group B feed adds the formulated premix for greater amberjack produced in Example 1 of this invention at a dose of 0.2%. Group C feed adds the formulated premix for greater amberjack produced in Example 2 of this invention at a dose of 0.2%. Group D feed adds the formulated premix for greater amberjack produced in Example 3 of this invention at a dose of 0.2%. Group E feed adds the formulated premix for greater amberjack produced in Example 4 of this invention at a dose of 0.2%. 1.2 Grouping and Rearing of Test Greater Amberjack Select healthy and active greater amberjack for the test. After 15 days of temporary rearing, randomly divide 1500 greater amberjack with an average weight of 506.5 g into 5 groups, with 300 fish in each group. Set 3 replicates, with 100 fish in each replicate. Culture them in the same pond in separate net cages and feed them with the five groups of feeds A, B, C, D, and E described in 1.1. The daily feeding amount is 1 - 2 wt.% of the body weight of the greater amberjack, and feed three meals a day: 8:00 am; 11:00 am; 5:30 pm. The culture period is 20 weeks. During the culture process, record the number of dead greater amberjack. At the end of the test, weigh the greater amberjack and record the number of greater amberjack with diseases such as rotten body and parasite infection.

[0038] 1.3 Statistical Analysis of Test Recorded Fish The test data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Each index is analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS 18.0 software, and multiple comparisons are made.

[0039] 2 Results and Analysis 2.1 Effects of the Formulated Premix for Greater Amberjack on Survival Rate and Disease Infection Rate.

[0040] After 15 weeks of feeding different experimental diets, the experiment was terminated. The survival rates and disease infection rates of the juvenile Seriola dumerilii in each group are shown in Table 1.

[0041]

[0042] Note: Comparison was made using the Duncan method. Different lowercase letters (such as ab) in the same column represent significant differences (P < 0.05), and different capital letters (such as AB) in the same column represent extremely significant differences (P < 0.01).

[0043] As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rates of the experimental groups B - E with the addition of Seriola dumerilii premix were significantly higher than that of the control group A, reaching over 92%, and were significantly higher than the survival rate of the control group. The disease infection rates of the experimental groups B - E were relatively low, all below 14%, while the disease infection rate of the control group A was relatively high, approximately 34%.

[0044] It can be seen from this that the Seriola dumerilii premix plays an important role in improving the survival rate of Seriola dumerilii and reducing the disease infection rate. At the same time, the experiment further reveals that the reasonable combination of different components is beneficial to improving the immune function of fish and further enhancing the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerilii.

[0045] 2.1 Effects of Seriola dumerilii premix on the final body weight and feed conversion ratio of Seriola dumerilii After 16 weeks of feeding different experimental diets, the experiment was terminated. The final body weights and feed conversion ratios of the juvenile Seriola dumerilii in each group are shown in Table 2.

[0046]

[0047] Note: Comparison was made using the Duncan method. Different lowercase letters (such as ab) in the same column represent significant differences (P < 0.05), and different capital letters (such as AB) in the same column represent extremely significant differences (P < 0.01).

[0048] It can be obtained from Table 2 that the final body weights of the experimental groups B - E with the addition of Seriola dumerilii premix were extremely significantly higher than that of the control group. The average body weight of each Seriola dumerilii in the experimental groups B - E was about 70 g higher than that of the control group A. The feed conversion ratios of the four experimental groups B - E with the addition of Seriola dumerilii premix were extremely significantly lower than that of the control group A, and the feed conversion ratio decreased by about 0.22.

[0049] As can be seen from the above examples, the premix provided by the present invention is particularly suitable for the cultivation of Seriola dumerilii. It can not only effectively regulate the immune function of Seriola dumerilii, improve its disease resistance ability, but also increase the survival rate of Seriola dumerilii, promote its growth rate, and reduce the feed conversion ratio by about 0.22, showing great economic potential. Only certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described by way of illustration above. Without doubt, for those of ordinary skill in the art, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerili, characterized in that, It is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Cinnamon Twig 12% - 13%, White Peony Root 12% - 13%, Poria 15% - 16%, Atractylodes Macrocephala 15% - 16%, Ephedra 8% - 9%, Bupleurum Root 16% - 18%, Tangerine Peel 12% - 14%, Fresh Ginger 9% - 11%. And the components are uniformly mixed after being ultrafinely pulverized to a particle size of 200 mesh, and added to the basic feed of Seriola dumerili at a weight ratio of 0.1% - 0.2% to reduce the disease infection rate to below 14% and increase the final body weight to above 970 g.

2. The premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerilii according to claim 1, wherein The mass percentages of the components are as follows: Cinnamon Twig 13%, White Peony Root 13%, Poria 16%, Atractylodes Macrocephala 16%, Ephedra 9%, Bupleurum Root 18%, Tangerine Peel 10%, Fresh Ginger 5%.

3. A premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerilii according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixing method after the ultrafine pulverization is three - dimensional rotational mixing, and the mixing time is 30 - 60 minutes.

4. A premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerili as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The disease infection rate includes body rot disease and parasite infection. After adding the premix, the disease infection rate is reduced to 10.67% - 13.33%.

5. A premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerili, as described in claim 1, characterized in that The premix increases the survival rate of Seriola dumerili to 92% - 96.33%, and the final body weight reaches 972.1 - 989.5 g.

6. The premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerili as claimed in claim 1, wherein After the premix is mixed with the basic feed, the feed conversion ratio is reduced to 1.51 - 1.

54.

7. A premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerilii according to claim 1, characterized in that, The premix is applicable to the cage culture or industrialized high - density culture mode, and the daily feeding amount is 1% - 2% of the body weight of Seriola dumerili.

8. A premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerili as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The Cinnamon Twig, White Peony Root, Poria, Atractylodes Macrocephala, Ephedra, Bupleurum Root, Tangerine Peel and Fresh Ginger are all raw materials pulverized after drying, and the shelf life is 12 months.

9. A premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerili as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the premix includes the following steps: pulverize each component to a particle size of 200 mesh respectively, and then mix according to the ratio and seal and package in a cool and dry environment.

10. A premix for improving the disease resistance characteristics of Seriola dumerili as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The use effect of the premix is verified by one - way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple comparison, and the significance level is P < 0.05.

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