Feed functional compound for improving saline-alkaline stress resistance of macrobrachium rosenbergii and application of feed functional compound

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed functional compound for improving salt-alkali stress resistance of macrobrachium rosenbergii and application of the feed functional compound, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The feed functional compound for improving saline-alkaline stress resistance of macrobrachium rosenbergii provided by the invention comprises vitamin D3, betaine and sodium oleate. According to the invention, the absorption promotion effect of vitamin D3 on calcium and phosphorus ions is utilized, so that the ion metabolism disorder of macrobrachium rosenbergii under saline-alkali stress is improved; by utilizing the osmotic pressure regulation capability of betaine, osmotic pressure unbalance under saline-alkali stress is improved, and the energy consumption of osmotic regulation is reduced; the sodium oleate is used for improving energy supply, the membrane structure is adjusted to improve osmotic pressure adjusting capacity, and the three components act together to achieve the purpose of improving salt-alkali stress tolerance of macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a feed functional complex for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and its application. Background Art

[0003] At present, the methods for improving the saline-alkali tolerance of aquatic animals include the breeding of saline-alkali tolerant varieties for tilapia (such as patent CN108207712A) and the development of functional feeds (such as patent CN117535199A). Among them, the method of breeding saline-alkali tolerant varieties requires several consecutive breedings, which has the problem of cumbersome operation. Patent CN117535199A enhances the saline-alkali stress tolerance of aquatic animals by using special Bacillus subtilis that can enhance the salt stress tolerance of fish.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that is simple to operate and does not require the cultivation of special strains to improve the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a feed functional complex for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and its application.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a feed functional complex for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the feed functional complex includes vitamin D3, betaine and sodium oleate.

[0008] Technical Principle:

[0009] The present invention improves the ion metabolism disorder of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under saline-alkali stress by utilizing the promoting effect of vitamin D3 on the absorption of calcium and phosphorus ions; improves the osmotic pressure imbalance under saline-alkali stress and reduces the energy consumption of osmotic regulation by utilizing the osmotic pressure regulation ability of betaine; and improves the energy supply and regulates the membrane structure to improve the osmotic pressure regulation ability by sodium oleate. The three components act together to achieve the purpose of improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

[0010] Further, based on the addition amount per kilogram of feed, the addition amount of vitamin D3 is 1000 - 5000 IU.

[0011] Further, based on the addition amount per kilogram of feed, the addition amount of betaine is 0.25 - 2.5%.

[0012] Further, based on the addition amount per kilogram of feed, the addition amount of sodium oleate is 0.25 - 2.5%.

[0013] The present invention provides a feed for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, which comprises a basic feed and a feed functional complex for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii as described in the above technical solution.

[0014] Further, the basic feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 - 300 parts of fish meal, 40 - 60 parts of shrimp meal, 50 - 70 parts of intestinal membrane powder, 80 - 100 parts of soybean meal, 80 - 100 parts of fermented soybean meal, 50 - 100 parts of peanut meal, 80 - 100 parts of cottonseed meal, 150 - 250 parts of high-gluten flour, 0 - 40 parts of soybean oil, 0 - 40 parts of phospholipid oil, 10 - 30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0 - 20 parts of zeolite powder, 10 - 20 parts of shrimp premix, 0 - 5 parts of choline chloride, and 0 - 10 parts of seawater formula salt.

[0015] Further, the shrimp premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 - 40 parts of vitamin A, 1 - 3 parts of vitamin D3, 40 - 80 parts of vitamin E, 5 - 10 parts of vitamin B1, 10 - 20 parts of vitamin B2, 0 - 20 parts of vitamin K1, 5 - 10 parts of vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 0.1 - 0.2 parts, 20 - 50 parts of nicotinamide, 10 - 30 parts of calcium pantothenate, 1 - 5 parts of folic acid, 0.05 - 0.2 parts of biotin, 100 - 200 parts of inositol, 100 - 300 parts of vitamin C, 20 - 40 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1 - 5 parts of copper sulfate, 20 - 50 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.2 - 0.5 parts of cobalt chloride, 5 - 20 parts of sodium gluconate, 10 - 40 parts of potassium glycinate, and 5 - 10 parts of manganese sulfate.

[0016] The present invention provides a preparation method of the feed for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii as described in the above technical solution, which comprises the following steps: weighing each component according to the weight ratio, and then successively performing mixing, granulation, and drying to obtain the feed for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

[0017] The present invention also provides an application of the feed functional complex for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii or the feed for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii as described in the above technical solution in improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

[0018] Further, the salinity of the saline-alkali stress tolerance is 5 - 10‰, and the alkalinity is 250 - 350 mg / L.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0020] The present invention aims at Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and by improving its osmotic pressure regulation ability and antioxidant ability, thereby enhancing its saline-alkali tolerance ability, a functional regulation complex based on vitamin D3, betaine and sodium oleate is developed. Adding this functional regulation complex to the feed can effectively improve the antioxidant ability of the liver of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the pathological changes of gill tissues, and the osmotic pressure regulation ability, and further enhance its saline-alkali tolerance ability.

[0021] The feed functional complex provided by the present invention can improve the saline-alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, expand the geographical limitations of its farming, provide ideas and solutions for the development of saline-alkali water and soil resources, and has both ecological and economic benefits, contributing to the sustainable development of China's aquaculture industry.

[0022] Aiming at the saline-alkali tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in saline-alkali water environment, the present invention develops a functional feed. The experimental results show that saline-alkali stress leads to a significant decrease in the antioxidant ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, a decrease in the SOD activity in the liver and serum, and an increase in the MDA level. The functional regulation complex provided by the present invention significantly improves the antioxidant enzyme activity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and reduces the oxidative stress level. Gene expression analysis shows that the functional regulation complex provided by the present invention can significantly activate the stress-related gene mapk and reduce the expression of apoptosis-related genes bcl2 and chop. In addition, the saline-alkali environment also causes pathological changes in the gill tissues of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, such as shriveling and morphological remodeling of gill filament cells, and the feeding of the feed containing the functional regulation complex provided by the present invention significantly alleviates this pathological change. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0023] The drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments and descriptions thereof of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 Shows the effects of different feedings on the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes in the hepatopancreas of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, wherein, a is the gene expression level of bcl2, b is the gene expression level of chop, and c is the gene expression level of mapk;

[0025] Figure 2 Shows the pathological results of the gill tissues of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in different feed groups, wherein, the second row is an enlarged view of the red dotted line area in the first row. Detailed Embodiments

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] The embodiment of the present invention provides a feed functional complex for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The feed functional complex includes vitamin D3, betaine, and sodium oleate.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, based on the addition amount per kilogram of feed, the addition amount of vitamin D3 is 1000 - 5000 IU, and more preferably 1000 - 3000 IU. By utilizing the promoting effect of vitamin D3 on the absorption of calcium and phosphorus ions, the present invention improves the ion metabolism disorder of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under saline-alkali stress. Controlling the addition amount of vitamin D3 within the above range can not only effectively improve the ion metabolism disorder of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under saline-alkali stress but also avoid adverse effects such as mineral metabolism imbalance and growth inhibition caused by excessive dosage.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the addition amount of vitamin D3 in the feed functional complex refers to the amount added additionally after removing vitamin D3 from the basal feed, and the addition of vitamin D3 in the basal feed is to meet the basic requirements of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, based on the addition amount per kilogram of feed, the addition amount of betaine is 0.25 - 2.5%, and more preferably 0.25 - 0.5%. By utilizing the osmotic pressure regulation ability of betaine, the present invention improves the osmotic pressure imbalance under saline-alkali stress and reduces the energy consumption of osmotic regulation. Controlling the addition amount of betaine within the above range effectively improves the osmotic pressure regulation ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under saline-alkali stress.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, based on the addition amount per kilogram of feed, the addition amount of sodium oleate is 0.25 - 2.5%, and more preferably 0.25 - 0.5%. Sodium oleate in the present invention can supplement energy, thereby improving energy supply, and can also regulate the membrane structure to improve the osmotic pressure regulation ability. Controlling the addition amount of sodium oleate within the above range effectively improves the saline-alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

[0033] The present invention provides a feed for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, which includes a basal feed and the feed functional complex for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii described in the above technical solution. Adding the feed functional complex provided by the present invention to the feed can significantly improve the saline-alkali stress resistance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the basic feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 - 300 parts of fish meal, 40 - 60 parts of shrimp meal, 50 - 70 parts of intestinal membrane powder, 80 - 100 parts of soybean meal, 80 - 100 parts of fermented soybean meal, 50 - 100 parts of peanut meal, 80 - 100 parts of cottonseed meal, 150 - 250 parts of high - gluten flour, 0 - 40 parts of soybean oil, 0 - 40 parts of phospholipid oil, 10 - 30 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0 - 20 parts of zeolite powder, 10 - 20 parts of shrimp premix, 0 - 5 parts of choline chloride, and 0 - 10 parts of seawater formula salt.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the shrimp premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 - 40 parts of vitamin A, 1 - 3 parts of vitamin D3, 40 - 80 parts of vitamin E, 5 - 10 parts of vitamin B1, 10 - 20 parts of vitamin B2, 0 - 20 parts of vitamin K, 5 - 10 parts of vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 0.1 - 0.2 parts, 20 - 50 parts of nicotinamide, 10 - 30 parts of calcium pantothenate, 1 - 5 parts of folic acid, 0.05 - 0.2 parts of biotin, 100 - 200 parts of inositol, 100 - 300 parts of vitamin C, 20 - 40 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1 - 5 parts of copper sulfate, 20 - 50 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.2 - 0.5 parts of cobalt chloride, 5 - 20 parts of sodium gluconate, 10 - 40 parts of potassium glycinate, and 5 - 10 parts of manganese sulfate.

[0036] The present invention provides a preparation method of the feed for improving the saline - alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii as described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: weighing each component according to the weight ratio, and then successively through mixing, granulating, and drying to obtain the feed for improving the saline - alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

[0037] The present invention also provides the application of the feed functional complex for improving the saline - alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii or the feed for improving the saline - alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii as described in the above technical solution in improving the saline - alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the salinity of the saline - alkali stress tolerance ability is 5 - 10‰, and the alkalinity is 250 - 350 mg / L.

[0039] In the following examples and comparative examples, all feed raw materials were purchased from Hanbei Aquatic Feed Company.

[0040] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials in the embodiments of the present invention were obtained through commercial channels.

[0041] Unless otherwise specified, the "parts" in the present invention all represent "parts by weight".

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A feed functional complex for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, which is composed of vitamin D3, betaine and sodium oleate; calculated by the addition amount in each kilogram of feed, the addition amounts of vitamin D3, betaine and sodium oleate are 3000 IU, 0.5% and 0.5% respectively.

[0044] A feed for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, which is composed of a basic feed and the above-mentioned feed functional complex for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii; among them, the basic feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 250 parts of fish meal, 50 parts of shrimp meal, 60 parts of intestinal membrane powder, 90 parts of soybean meal, 90 parts of fermented soybean meal, 75 parts of peanut meal, 90 parts of cotton meal, 200 parts of high-gluten flour, 20 parts of soybean oil, 20 parts of phospholipid oil, 15 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of zeolite powder, 10 parts of shrimp premix, 2 parts of choline chloride and 8 parts of seawater formula salt; the shrimp premix is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 33.5 parts of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin D3, 56 parts of vitamin E, 7.5 parts of vitamin B1, 12 parts of vitamin B2, 5 parts of vitamin K1, 6 parts of vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 0.1 part, 35 parts of nicotinamide, 20 parts of calcium pantothenate, 3 parts of folic acid, 0.1 part of biotin, 150 parts of inositol, 300 parts of vitamin C, 30 parts of ferrous sulfate, 3 parts of copper sulfate, 30 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.4 part of cobalt chloride, 15 parts of sodium gluconate, 30 parts of potassium glycinate and 8 parts of manganese sulfate.

[0045] A preparation method of a feed for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, which includes the following steps: weighing each component according to the weight ratio, and then successively mixing, granulating and drying to obtain the feed for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

[0046] Control group

[0047] Taking the feed without adding the feed functional complex for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii as the control group, and the specific feed formula of the control group is shown in Table 1.

[0048] Comparative example 1

[0049] Taking the feed in which the feed functional complex only contains vitamin D3 as Comparative example 1, and the specific feed formula of Comparative example 1 is shown in Table 1.

[0050] Comparative example 2

[0051] Taking the feed in which the feed functional complex only contains betaine as Comparative example 2, and the specific feed formula of Comparative example 2 is shown in Table 1.

[0052] Comparative example 3

[0053] Taking the feed in which the feed functional complex only contains sodium oleate as Comparative example 3, and the specific feed formula of Comparative example 3 is shown in Table 1.

[0054] Table 1 Feed Formulations and Nutritional Compositions of Example 1, Control Group, and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0055]

[0056] Aquaculture Experiment: 720 disease-free and healthy Macrobrachium rosenbergii from the Balidian Comprehensive Experiment Base of Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries were used as experimental shrimps, with an average initial wet body weight of 2.5 ± 0.2 g. The M. rosenbergii were randomly divided into 6 groups, named Control - Freshwater (Control - FW), Control - Saline - Alkali Water (Control - SA), Complex - Saline - Alkali Water (OPR - SA), Vitamin D - Saline - Alkali Water (VD - SA), Betaine - Saline - Alkali Water (BE - SA), and Sodium Oleate - Saline - Alkali Water (SO - SA), with 3 replicates in each group and 40 shrimps in each replicate. The saline - alkali level of the experimental water quality was: salinity 5‰, alkalinity 300 mg / L; the water salinity was adjusted with sea salt crystals, and the alkalinity was prepared with sodium bicarbonate. The aquaculture period was 56 days. During the aquaculture period, the feeds in Example 1, the control group, and Comparative Examples 1 - 3 were fed, twice a day, and the feeding method was full - feeding.

[0057] Experimental Results:

[0058] 1. Effects of Different Feeds on the Growth Performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

[0059] The results of the effects of different feeds on the growth performance of M. rosenbergii are shown in Table 2.

[0060] Table 2 Effects of Different Feeds on the Growth Performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

[0061]

[0062] In the table, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the indicators of each saline - alkali stress group, and asterisks indicate significant differences in the control group feeds under different salinities, where *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; the same below.

[0063] It can be seen from the experimental data in Table 2 that after 8 weeks of feeding experiment, the FBW, WGR, and SGR of the Control-FW group were significantly higher than those of the Control-SA group (P<0.05), indicating that the saline-alkali stress in this experiment significantly inhibited the growth process of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In the saline-alkali water environment, there were no significant differences in FBW, WGR, SGR, and FCR of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the VD-SA, BE-SA, and SO-SA groups compared with the Control-SA group (P>0.05), but the FBW, WGR, SGR, and FCR of the OPR-SA group were significantly higher than those of other saline-alkali water groups including the Control-SA group (P<0.05), suggesting that the feed functional complex provided by the present invention can alleviate the growth inhibition caused by saline-alkali stress, and the feed utilization efficiency of the OPR-SA group was improved.

[0064] 2. Effects of Different Feeds on the Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

[0065] The results of the effects of different feeds on the antioxidant enzyme activities of Macrobrachium rosenbergii are shown in Table 3.

[0066] Table 3 Effects of Different Feeds on the Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in the Hepatopancreas and Serum of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

[0067] Control-FW Control-SA OPR-SA Liver SOD (U / mgprot) 41.81±1.37 <![CDATA[30.07±1.82 *a > <![CDATA[35.24±0.42 b > T-AOC (mmol / gprot) 1.88±0.05 <![CDATA[1.51±0.04 ** > 1.62±0.14 CAT (U / mgprot) 22.8±0.45 <![CDATA[19.34±0.49 * > 19.23±0.2 MDA (μmo / mgprot) 48.46±0.62 <![CDATA[71.03±0.56 ***b > <![CDATA[55.31±0.68 a > Serum SOD (U / mgprot) 35.19±0.42 <![CDATA[25.15±0.33 **a > <![CDATA[31.28±0.42 b > T-AOC (mmol / gprot) 1.51±0.01 <![CDATA[1.13±0.02 **a > <![CDATA[1.28±0.03 b > CAT (U / mgprot) 14.56±2.36 <![CDATA[7.38±1.32 **a > <![CDATA[14.15±1.34 b > MDA (μmol / mgprot) 6.89±0.86 <![CDATA[15.97±1.48 **b > <![CDATA[11.57±0.96 a >

[0068] It can be seen from Table 3 that compared with the Control-FW group, the saline-alkali water environment led to a significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the hepatopancreas and serum of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (P<0.05), and a significant increase in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P<0.05). Compared with the control feed, the feeding of the feed containing the feed functional complex significantly increased the SOD activity in the hepatopancreas and serum (P<0.05), and significantly decreased the MDA level (P<0.05).

[0069] 3. Effects of Different Feeds on the ROS Levels and Apoptosis-related Gene Expression Levels in the Hepatopancreas of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

[0070] A decrease in antioxidant level is usually accompanied by an increase in oxidative stress level. The present invention detected the effects of different feeds on the oxidative stress and apoptosis-related gene expression levels in the liver tissue of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the results are shown in Figure 1 .

[0071] Figure 1Effects of different feeds on the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes in the hepatopancreas of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Among them, a is the gene expression level of bcl2, b is the gene expression level of chop, and c is the gene expression level of mapk. Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant differences in the indexes of each saline-alkali stress group, and asterisks indicate significant differences in the control group feed at different salinities, where *P<0.05; **P<0.01. It can be seen from the figure that saline-alkali stress significantly increased the gene expression levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis-inducing genes bcl2 and chop (P<0.05), while adding the feed functional complex provided by the present invention to the feed significantly decreased the expression levels of these genes (P<0.05) and significantly activated the gene expression level of stress-resistant related gene mapk (P<0.05). Based on the above results, feeding with the feed functional complex significantly improved the antioxidant level of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under saline-alkali stress.

[0072] 4. Effects of different feeds on the energy metabolism of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

[0073] The results of the effects of different feeds on the energy metabolism of Macrobrachium rosenbergii are shown in Table 4.

[0074] Table 4 Effects of different feeds on the energy metabolism levels of muscles and hepatopancreas of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

[0075] Control-FW Control-SA OPR-SA Muscle ATP (nmol / mgprot) 3.53±0.32 <![CDATA[4.32±0.21 **a > <![CDATA[4.82±0.38 b > LDH (U / gprot) 144.28±7.57 <![CDATA[183.15±5.86 ** > 168.31±5.28 HK (μmol / min / gprot) 62.37±2.09 <![CDATA[69.12±1.87 ** > 67.3±4.79 Liver ATP (nmol / mgprot) 5.32±0.15 <![CDATA[7.49±0.47 *** > 6.82±0.21 LDH (U / gprot) 124.57±6.81 <![CDATA[173.47±4.34 **b > <![CDATA[158.71±5.18 a > HK (μmol / min / gprot) 42.92±1.73 <![CDATA[59.14±1.78 ** > 57.21±3.82

[0076] It can be seen from Table 4 that the saline-alkali water environment significantly increased the ATP levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and hexokinase (HK) activities in the muscles and livers of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (P<0.05). The OPR-SA group showed a significantly increased muscle ATP level (P<0.05) compared with the Control-SA group, and decreased the LDH enzyme activity in the hepatopancreas (P<0.05), indicating that the OPR-SA group had a positive effect on the energy metabolism of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under saline-alkali stress.

[0077] 5. Histopathology of gill tissues of Macrobrachium rosenbergii fed different feeds

[0078] As an important osmoregulatory organ of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the organizational structure of gill tissues can be used as an important indicator to judge the saline-alkali stress resistance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

[0079] Figure 2 Histopathological results of gill tissues of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in different feed groups. Among them, the second row is the enlarged view of the red dotted line area in the first row. It can be seen from the figure that under saline-alkali stress, obvious cytoplasmic condensation occurred in the secondary gill filament epithelial cells of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and abnormal increase in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and intracellular vacuolization were visible in local areas. This morphological remodeling may be due to the increased osmotic regulation load triggering ATP-dependent ion pumps (such as Na + / K +-ATPase) function is compensatory, leading to cytoskeleton reorganization and energy metabolism redistribution. This pathological change may directly affect the gas exchange efficiency and ion homeostasis maintenance ability of the gill organs. However, feeding the feed functional complex feed provided by the present invention significantly alleviates the atrophy of gill filament epithelial cells, and the gill filament width is significantly improved, indicating that the feed functional complex provided by the present invention can significantly improve the pathological changes of gill filaments induced by saline-alkali stress.

[0080] 6. Effects of different feeds on the osmotic pressure regulation ability of gill tissue of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

[0081] The results of the effects of different feeds on the osmotic pressure regulation ability of the gill tissue of Macrobrachium rosenbergii are shown in Table 5.

[0082] Table 5 Effects of different feeds on ion channel activity in gill tissue of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

[0083]

[0084] As can be seen from Table 5, saline-alkali water stress promoted the Na + / K + -ATPase, H + -ATPase and Cl - The activation of HCO3 transporter in OPR-SA group was significantly increased (P<0.05) to cope with the osmotic pressure regulation pressure. + / K + -ATPase, H + -ATPase and Cl - The activity of HCO3 transporter in the feed was significantly higher than that in the control-SA (P<0.05), indicating that the addition of the feed functional complex in the present invention can further enhance the Na + / K + -ATPase, H + -ATPase and Cl - / HCO3 transporter activity, which enhanced the osmotic pressure regulation ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, thereby improving the salt-alkali tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

[0085] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A feed functional complex for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, characterized in that, The feed functional complex includes vitamin D3, betaine, and sodium oleate.

2. The feed functional complex for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the addition amount per kilogram of feed, the addition amount of vitamin D3 is 1000 - 5000 IU.

3. The feed functional complex for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the addition amount per kilogram of feed, the addition amount of betaine is 0.25 - 2.5%.

4. The feed functional complex for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the addition amount per kilogram of feed, the addition amount of sodium oleate is 0.25 - 2.5%.

5. A feed for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, characterized in that, It includes a basic feed and the feed functional complex for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to any one of claims 1 - 4.

6. The feed for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 5, characterized in that, The basic feed includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 - 300 parts of fish meal, 40 - 60 parts of shrimp meal, 50 - 70 parts of intestinal membrane powder, 80 - 100 parts of soybean meal, 80 - 100 parts of fermented soybean meal, 50 - 100 parts of peanut meal, 80 - 100 parts of cottonseed meal, 150 - 250 parts of high-gluten flour, 0 - 40 parts of soybean oil, 0 - 40 parts of phospholipid oil, 10 - 30 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0 - 20 parts of zeolite powder, 10 - 20 parts of shrimp premix, 0 - 5 parts of choline chloride, and 0 - 10 parts of seawater formula salt.

7. The feed for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 6, wherein The shrimp premix includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 - 40 parts of vitamin A, 1 - 3 parts of vitamin D3, 40 - 80 parts of vitamin E, 5 - 10 parts of vitamin B1, 10 - 20 parts of vitamin B2, 10 - 20 parts of vitamin K, 5 - 10 parts of vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 0.1 - 0.2 parts, 20 - 50 parts of nicotinamide, 10 - 30 parts of calcium pantothenate, 1 - 5 parts of folic acid, 0.05 - 0.2 parts of biotin, 100 - 200 parts of inositol, 100 - 300 parts of vitamin C, 20 - 40 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1 - 5 parts of copper sulfate, 20 - 50 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.2 - 0.5 parts of cobalt chloride, 5 - 20 parts of sodium gluconate, 10 - 40 parts of potassium glycinate, and 5 - 10 parts of manganese sulfate.

8. A method for preparing a feed for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Weigh each component according to the weight ratio, and then successively carry out mixing, granulation, and drying to obtain the feed for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

9. Use of the feed functional complex for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to any one of claims 1 - 4 or the feed for improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to any one of claims 5 - 7 in improving the saline-alkali stress tolerance ability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

10. The application according to claim 9, wherein The salinity of the saline-alkali stress tolerance ability is 5 - 10‰, and the alkalinity is 250 - 350 mg / L.

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