Device and method for preparing light spherical particles from waste incineration bottom ash

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for preparing light spherical particles from waste incineration bottom ash and a preparation method of the device, and relates to the technical field of waste incineration bottom ash preparation, the device comprises a bearing base and a supporting frame fixed to the bearing base, and further comprises a granulation mechanism installed on the supporting frame, the granulation mechanism is used for preparing bottom ash particles into spherical particles, a bearing frame is fixed to one side wall of the bearing base, and a screening unit is installed above the bearing frame and used for screening the bottom ash particles with different particle sizes; according to the screening unit configuration, the waste incineration bottom ash preparation process is simplified, the working efficiency is remarkably improved, bottom ash particles meeting the particle size requirement are effectively screened out, the screening time is saved, the preparation efficiency is improved, the operation process is optimized, resource consumption is reduced, the screening accuracy and efficiency are ensured, and the screening cost is reduced. Convenience is provided for granulation processing of the bottom ash particles, so that the efficiency and the quality of the whole preparation process are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of preparing refuse incineration bottom ash, and specifically to a device and a preparation method for preparing lightweight spherical particles from refuse incineration bottom ash. Background Technique

[0002] Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash is a product of municipal solid waste incineration, usually accounting for about 80% of the total incineration products. Since its landfill disposal rate cannot catch up with the generation rate, a large amount of accumulation not only occupies land resources, but also brings air environment and water resource pollution. Preparing municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash into lightweight spherical particles can realize the resource utilization of the bottom ash, reduce environmental pressure, and at the same time obtain building materials or materials for other uses with certain properties; In the current refuse incineration bottom ash preparation technology, screening treatment of the bottom ash raw materials is usually required to ensure the uniformity and quality of the raw materials. After the screening treatment is completed, these raw materials will be sent into a granulator, and through a series of complex technological processes, spherical particle-shaped products will be finally prepared. However, for the staff, this process is not only time-consuming but also labor-intensive, because the refuse incineration bottom ash particles need to be transferred and transported multiple times. This cumbersome operation process greatly reduces the efficiency of the entire refuse incineration bottom ash preparation work, and at the same time increases the labor cost and time cost. For this reason, we propose a device and a preparation method for preparing lightweight spherical particles from refuse incineration bottom ash. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and a preparation method for preparing lightweight spherical particles from refuse incineration bottom ash, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technique.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A device for preparing lightweight spherical particles from refuse incineration bottom ash, including: A load-bearing base and a support frame fixed on the load-bearing base, and further including: A granulation mechanism installed on the support frame, the granulation mechanism is used to prepare bottom ash particles into spherical particle forms, a bearing frame is fixed on one side wall of the load-bearing base, and a screening unit is installed above the bearing frame, the screening unit is used to screen out bottom ash particles of different particle sizes, and; A lifting and feeding mechanism arranged on the bearing frame, the lifting and feeding mechanism is used to pour the bottom ash particles after screening into the granulation mechanism.

[0005] Preferably, the granulating mechanism includes: a central rod is rotatably connected to the support frame through a fixed bearing seat, a support plate is fixed on the central rod, a central shaft is rotatably connected to the support plate through a fixed rotating seat, a disc is fixed at one end of the central shaft, a speed reducer is fixed on the support plate, and a driving motor a is fixed on the speed reducer. One end of the output shaft of the speed reducer is fixed with a transmission gear, a toothed ring meshed with the transmission gear is fixed on the disc, an electric push rod a is hinged on the support frame, the output end of the electric push rod a is hinged with one side wall of the support plate, a mounting frame is fixed on the support plate, and a scraper is arranged on the mounting frame.

[0006] Preferably, the screening unit includes: a loading cylinder is arranged above the carrier frame, a protective cylinder is fixed on the loading cylinder, a rotating rod a is rotatably connected between the protective cylinder and the loading cylinder, a semi-circular screening cylinder is fixed on the rotating rod a, a servo motor is fixed on the loading cylinder, an incomplete gear is fixed on the output shaft of the servo motor, a toothed ring meshed with the incomplete gear is fixed on the semi-circular screening cylinder, a connecting ring is fixed at one end of the rotating rod a, and a torsion spring is sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating rod a. One end of the torsion spring is fixed with the connecting ring, and the other end of the torsion spring is fixed with the protective cylinder.

[0007] Preferably, the lifting and feeding mechanism includes: a mounting frame is fixed on the carrier frame, a loading frame is slidably connected inside the mounting frame, the loading cylinder is rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the loading frame through a rotating rod b, the loading frame is slidably connected to the mounting frame through a movable block, a plurality of guide rods are fixed on the loading frame, and the movable block is slidably penetrated through the outer surface of the guide rods. A threaded rod is rotatably connected to the loading frame, and one of the movable blocks is threadedly connected to the threaded rod. A driving motor b is fixed on the mounting frame, a bevel gear is fixed between the output shaft of the driving motor b and the threaded rod, and the two bevel gears are meshed with each other. A turning member adapted to the loading cylinder is arranged on the mounting frame.

[0008] Preferably, the turning member includes: a mounting rod a is fixed on the loading frame, a mounting rod b is fixed on the loading cylinder, an electric push rod b is rotatably connected to the mounting rod a, and the output end of the electric push rod b is rotatably connected to the mounting rod b.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of pulleys are fixed on the loading cylinder, a guide groove is fixed on the semi-circular screening cylinder, and the pulleys are slidably connected in the guide groove.

[0010] Preferably, a rubber stopper is fixed on the loading frame, the loading cylinder is in contact with the rubber stopper, and the side of the rubber stopper close to the loading cylinder is arranged in an arc shape.

[0011] Preferably, a through groove is formed in the semi-circular screening cylinder, a baffle is rotatably connected in the through groove through a rod body, a positioning groove is formed in the semi-circular screening cylinder, and a positioning rod adapted to the positioning groove is fixed on the baffle. A groove for the baffle to pass through is formed in the bearing cylinder, and a channel for the positioning rod to pass through is formed in the bearing cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, a limiting plate is fixed on the bearing cylinder, the included angle between the limiting plate and the bearing cylinder is set at a right angle, and a guiding plate is rotatably connected to the loading rack, and the guiding plate is located obliquely below the disc.

[0013] A preparation method for preparing light spherical particles from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash includes the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: After the municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash is left standing for a period of time and dried, the incineration bottom ash is poured into the semi-circular screening cylinder, and the screening unit is used to screen the incineration bottom ash in the semi-circular screening cylinder, so that the bottom ash particles with larger particle sizes are retained at the semi-circular screening cylinder, thereby obtaining bottom ash particles with larger particle sizes, and a solution (the solution is composed of water, sodium hydroxide and liquid sodium silicate in a specified ratio) is sprayed on the bottom ash particles; S2. Raw material transfer: The bottom ash and slag mixture is placed in the disc in advance, and the particle size of the input bottom ash particles is smaller than that of the initially input bottom ash particles. After the screened bottom ash particles are lifted to an appropriate height by the lifting and feeding mechanism, the semi-circular screening cylinder is driven by the flipping member to flip, so that the bottom ash particles fall into the disc; S3. Particle granulation: The bottom ash particles in the disc are granulated by the granulation mechanism, and after granulation, spherical particles with a rough surface and larger particle sizes are obtained; S4. Spherical particle screening: The spherical particles after granulation preparation are poured into the screening unit, and the screening unit screens them, and the aforementioned solution is sprayed on their surfaces again; S5. Secondary granulation: A mixture of bottom ash with a smaller particle size and slag in powder state is put into the disc, the spherical particles are input into the disc by the lifting and feeding mechanism, and the spherical particles are granulated by the granulation mechanism. After granulation, spherical light particles with good surface morphology and fineness are obtained.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The configuration of the screening unit of the present invention achieves the purpose of simplifying the preparation process of the bottom ash from waste incineration, significantly improving the working efficiency of granulating the bottom ash particles. In cooperation with the reciprocating swinging motion of the semi-circular screening cylinder along the axis of the rotating rod a, the present invention can effectively screen out the bottom ash particles that meet the specific particle size requirements. This process not only saves the working time for screening the bottom ash particles, but also further improves the working efficiency in the process of preparing the bottom ash from waste incineration into bottom ash particles. The design of this screening unit not only optimizes the operation process, reduces the consumption of manpower and material resources, but also ensures the accuracy and efficiency of the screening process, providing convenient conditions for the subsequent granulation processing of the bottom ash particles, thereby overall improving the efficiency and quality of the entire preparation process.

[0015] Through the setting of the feeding mechanism in the present invention, the bottom ash particles obtained after screening can be effectively lifted to a predetermined height. Subsequently, through the cooperation of the flipping member, the angle of the semi-circular screening cylinder can be adjusted. The completion of this series of actions enables the screened bottom ash particles to be smoothly poured into the granulating mechanism. The automated process can not only significantly reduce the labor intensity of the staff during the processing, but also greatly improve the working efficiency of preparing the bottom ash from waste incineration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the side view structure of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the rear view structure of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the screening unit of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure at the semi-circular screening cylinder of the present invention; Figure 6 is Figure 5 an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of area A in Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the side sectional structure of the semi-circular screening cylinder of the present invention; Figure 8 is Figure 7 an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of area B in Figure 9 is Figure 7 an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of area C in Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure at the baffle of the present invention; Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the side view structure at the bearing cylinder of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1, load-bearing base; 2, support frame; 3, granulating mechanism; 4, carrier frame; 5, screening unit; 6, lifting and feeding mechanism; 7, bearing seat; 8, central rod; 9, support plate; 10, central shaft; 11, disc; 12, reducer; 13, driving motor a; 14, transmission gear; 15, gear ring; 16, electric push rod a; 17, additional mounting frame; 18, scraper; 19, carrier cylinder; 20, protective cylinder; 21, rotating rod a; 22, semi-circular screening cylinder; 23, servo motor; 24, incomplete gear; 25, toothed ring; 26, connecting ring; 27, torsion spring; 28, mounting frame; 29, loading frame; 30, rotating rod b; 31, movable block; 32, guide rod; 33, threaded rod; 34, driving motor b; 35, bevel gear; 36, flipping member; 37, mounting rod a; 38, mounting rod b; 39, electric push rod b; 40, pulley; 41, guide groove; 42, rubber stop block; 43, through groove; 44, baffle; 45, positioning groove; 46, positioning rod; 47, groove; 48, channel; 49, limiting plate; 50, material guiding plate. Specific implementation manner

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] Embodiment 1: Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 11 , a device for preparing lightweight spherical particles from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash and its preparation method shown in the figure, including a load-bearing base 1 and a support frame 2 fixed on the load-bearing base 1, and further including: a granulating mechanism 3 installed on the support frame 2, the granulating mechanism 3 is used to prepare the bottom ash particles into a spherical particle form, a carrier frame 4 is fixed on one side wall of the load-bearing base 1, a screening unit 5 is installed above the carrier frame 4, the screening unit 5 is used to screen the bottom ash particles into different particle size ranges, and; a lifting and feeding mechanism 6 arranged on the carrier frame 4, the lifting and feeding mechanism 6 is used to pour the bottom ash particles after screening into the granulating mechanism 3; It should be noted that by putting the bottom ash raw material into the screening unit 5, the screening unit 5 completes the screening of the bottom ash raw material, thus completing the screening work of the bottom ash particles. A solution is sprayed onto the screened bottom ash particles. The solution is composed of water, sodium hydroxide and liquid sodium silicate in a specified ratio. Together with the lifting and feeding mechanism 6, the bottom ash particles are put into the granulation mechanism 3. The granulation mechanism 3 processes the bottom ash particles by granulation. The prepared bottom ash particles are poured back into the screening unit 5, the bottom ash particles are screened again, the particles with larger particle sizes are re-screened, and the solvent is sprayed onto the bottom ash particles again. The lifting and feeding mechanism 6 puts the bottom ash particles into the granulation mechanism 3, and the granulation mechanism 3 completes the final preparation work of the bottom ash particles; In this solution, the preparation method of lightweight spherical particles from waste incineration bottom ash includes the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: After the domestic waste incineration bottom ash stands for a period of time and is dried, the incineration bottom ash is poured into the semi-circular screening cylinder 22. The screening unit 5 screens the incineration bottom ash in the semi-circular screening cylinder 22, so that the bottom ash particles with larger particle sizes are retained at the semi-circular screening cylinder 22, thereby obtaining the bottom ash particles with larger particle sizes, and a solution composed of water, sodium hydroxide and liquid sodium silicate in a specified ratio is sprayed onto the bottom ash particles; S2. Raw material transfer: The bottom ash and slag mixture is placed in the disc 11 in advance. The particle size of the put bottom ash particles is smaller than that of the initially put bottom ash particles. After the screened bottom ash particles are lifted to an appropriate height by the lifting and feeding mechanism 6, the semi-circular screening cylinder 22 is driven by the flipping member 36 to flip, so that the bottom ash particles fall into the disc 11; S3. Particle granulation: The granulation mechanism 3 granulates the bottom ash particles in the disc 11, and after granulation, spherical particles with a rough surface and larger particle sizes are obtained; S4. Screening of spherical particles: The prepared spherical particles after granulation are poured into the screening unit 5, and the screening unit 5 screens them and sprays the aforementioned solution onto their surfaces again; S5. Secondary granulation: A bottom ash and slag mixture in a powder state with a smaller particle size is put into the disc 11. The spherical particles are input into the disc 11 by the lifting and feeding mechanism 6, and the granulation mechanism 3 granulates the spherical particles. After granulation, spherical lightweight particles with a good surface morphology and fineness are obtained; It should be noted that the solvent sprayed onto the bottom ash particles has the functions of wetting the particles, activating the binder, increasing the silicon content and improving the strength of the bottom ash particles. The finally prepared spherical lightweight particles have a small density and many micropores inside, and can be used as aggregates in thermal insulation concrete.

[0020] Further, as Figure 1 - Figure 4As shown in the figure, it is worth specifically explaining that the granulation mechanism 3 includes: a central rod 8 is rotatably connected to a support frame 2 through a fixed bearing seat 7, a support plate 9 is fixed on the central rod 8, a central shaft 10 is rotatably connected to the support plate 9 through a fixed rotating seat, a disc 11 is fixed at one end of the central shaft 10, a speed reducer 12 is fixed on the support plate 9, and a driving motor a 13 is fixed on the speed reducer 12. One end of the output shaft of the speed reducer 12 is fixed with a transmission gear 14, a toothed ring 15 meshing with the transmission gear 14 is fixed on the disc 11, an electric push rod a 16 is hinged on the support frame 2, the output end of the electric push rod a 16 is hinged with one side wall of the support plate 9, a mounting frame 17 is fixed on the support plate 9, and a scraper 18 is arranged on the mounting frame 17; Working principle of the granulation mechanism 3: First, put the bottom ash and slag mixture into the disc 11, put the sieved bottom ash particles into the disc 11, adjust the inclination angle of the disc 11 and the rotation speed of the disc 11 to control the particle size of the bottom ash particles, and through the drive of the driving motor a 13, the transmission gear 14 rotates synchronously. Using the meshing transmission between the transmission gear 14 and the toothed ring 15, the central shaft 10 is forced to operate, and then drives the disc 11 to rotate synchronously, so that the bottom ash particles are turned over in the disc 11. The scraper 18 cuts and kneads the materials to help the bottom ash particles adsorb the surrounding bottom ash and slag mixture during rolling, and gradually grow into larger bottom ash particles; It should be noted that one end of the central rod 8 is fixed with a pointer, and a middle-divided semi-circular scale is fixed on the support frame 2. By adding the pointer and the middle-divided semi-circular scale, when adjusting the angle of the disc 11, according to the index of the pointer on the middle-divided semi-circular scale, the adjustment angle of the disc 11 can be accurately judged. Through the drive of the electric push rod a 16, the support plate 9 is forced to flip along the axis of the central shaft 10, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the angle of the disc 11.

[0021] Example 2: Refer to Figure 5 - Figure 7 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, this embodiment further illustrates the example, and the difference lies in disclosing a method for screening and processing bottom ash particles.

[0022] Specifically, the screening unit 5 includes: a bearing cylinder 19 is arranged above the bearing frame 4, a limiting plate 49 is fixed on the bearing cylinder 19, and the included angle between the limiting plate 49 and the bearing cylinder 19 is set at a right angle. By adding the limiting plate 49, it can ensure that the maximum opening and closing angle of the baffle 44 is 90°. A protective cylinder 20 is fixed on the bearing cylinder 19, a rotating rod a21 is rotatably connected between the protective cylinder 20 and the bearing cylinder 19, a semi-circular screening cylinder 22 is fixed on the rotating rod a21, a servo motor 23 is fixed on the bearing cylinder 19, an incomplete gear 24 is fixed on the output shaft of the servo motor 23, a toothed ring 25 meshing with the incomplete gear 24 is fixed on the semi-circular screening cylinder 22, a connecting ring 26 is fixed at one end of the rotating rod a21, and a torsion spring 27 is sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating rod a21. One end of the torsion spring 27 is fixed to the connecting ring 26, and the other end of the torsion spring 27 is fixed to the protective cylinder 20; Among them, a through groove 43 is opened on the semi-circular screening cylinder 22, a baffle 44 is rotatably connected in the through groove 43 by a rod body, a positioning groove 45 is opened on the semi-circular screening cylinder 22, and a positioning rod 46 adapted to the positioning groove 45 is fixed on the baffle 44. By adding the positioning rod 46 and the positioning groove 45, the limiting effect on the baffle 44 is realized, ensuring that the baffle 44 can maintain a vertical state with the semi-circular screening cylinder 22. A groove 47 for the baffle 44 to pass through is opened on the bearing cylinder 19, and a channel 48 for the positioning rod 46 to pass through is opened on the bearing cylinder 19; In addition, a plurality of pulleys 40 are fixed on the bearing cylinder 19, a guide groove 41 is fixed on the semi-circular screening cylinder 22, and the pulleys 40 are slidably connected in the guide groove 41. By adding the pulleys 40 and the guide groove 41, it plays a guiding role for the semi-circular screening cylinder 22, and then can improve the smoothness of the reciprocating swing of the semi-circular screening cylinder 22, and can avoid the situation of jamming when the semi-circular screening cylinder 22 reciprocates; It should be noted that through the configuration of the screening unit 5, it can effectively push the semi-circular screening cylinder to perform a reciprocating swinging motion along the axis of the rotating rod a21. This motion mode enables the screening cylinder to efficiently screen the bottom ash particles. Through this process, the bottom ash particles meeting specific particle size requirements can be screened out, so as to facilitate the subsequent granulation processing of these screened bottom ash particles. Such a screening unit 5 not only saves the time consumption in the screening work of bottom ash particles, but also further improves the working efficiency in the process of preparing bottom ash particles from waste incineration bottom ash; In this solution, the screening unit 5 screens the bottom ash particles as follows: The domestic waste incineration bottom ash is poured into the semi-circular screening cylinder 22. Driven by the servo motor 23, the incomplete gear 24 rotates synchronously. Using the meshing drive between the incomplete gear 24 and the tooth-shaped ring 25, the semi-circular screening cylinder 22 rotates along the axis of the rotating rod a21 after being stressed, and then drives the connecting ring 26 to rotate synchronously. At this time, the torsion spring 27 is in a tightened state. When the incomplete gear 24 and the tooth-shaped ring 25 are in a non-meshing state, the torsion spring 27 releases the torsion, thereby driving the semi-circular screening cylinder 22 to rotate back to its original position, realizing the reciprocating swinging motion state of the semi-circular screening cylinder 22. The continuous reciprocating swing of the semi-circular screening cylinder 22 realizes the screening of the bottom ash particles.

[0023] Example 3: Refer to Figure 1 - Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this embodiment further illustrates other embodiments, and the difference lies in the feeding method of the bottom ash particles after screening.

[0024] Specifically, the lifting and feeding mechanism 6 includes: An installation frame 28 is fixed on the bearing frame 4. A loading frame 29 is slidably connected inside the installation frame 28. The bearing cylinder 19 is rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the loading frame 29 through a rotating rod b30. The loading frame 29 is slidably connected to the installation frame 28 through a movable block 31. A rubber stopper 42 is fixed on the loading frame 29. The bearing cylinder 19 is in contact with the rubber stopper 42, and the side of the rubber stopper 42 close to the bearing cylinder 19 is arranged in an arc shape. By adding the rubber stopper 42, it can be ensured that after the bearing cylinder 19 rotates back to its original position, it is in a horizontal state with the loading frame 29. A plurality of guide rods 32 are fixed on the loading frame 29, and the movable block 31 is slidably penetrated through the outer surface of the guide rods 32. A threaded rod 33 is rotatably connected to the loading frame 29. One of the movable blocks 31 is threadedly connected to the threaded rod 33. A driving motor b34 is fixed on the installation frame 28. A bevel gear 35 is fixed between the output shaft of the driving motor b34 and the threaded rod 33, and the two bevel gears 35 are meshed with each other. A turning member 36 adapted to the bearing cylinder 19 is arranged on the installation frame 28. A guide plate 50 is rotatably connected to the loading frame 29. The guide plate 50 is located diagonally below the disc 11. By adding the guide plate 50, it can be ensured that after the bottom ash particles after granulation in the disc 11 fall into the semi-circular screening cylinder 22; Among them, the turning member 36 includes: An installation rod a37 is fixed on the loading frame 29. An installation rod b38 is fixed on the bearing cylinder 19. An electric push rod b39 is rotatably connected to the installation rod a37. The output end of the electric push rod b39 is rotatably connected to the installation rod b38; It should be noted that by setting up the lifting and feeding mechanism 6, the bottom ash particles obtained after screening can be effectively lifted to a predetermined height. Subsequently, through the cooperation of the flipping member 36, the angle of the semi-circular screening cylinder 22 can be adjusted. The completion of this series of actions enables the screened bottom ash particles to be smoothly poured into the granulation mechanism 3. Such an automated process can not only significantly reduce the labor intensity of workers during the processing, but also greatly improve the working efficiency of preparing the waste incineration bottom ash. Principle of the lifting and feeding mechanism 6 for feeding bottom ash particles: Driven by the driving motor b34 and with the meshing and transmission of the bevel gears 35, the threaded rod 33 is driven to rotate synchronously. Utilizing the threaded transmission between the threaded rod 33 and the movable block 31, the loading frame 29 is driven to move upward under force, and at the same time, the semi-circular screening cylinder 22 is driven to move upward synchronously. Until the semi-circular screening cylinder 22 is lifted to a suitable height position, driven by the electric push rod b39, the bearing cylinder 19 is forced to flip along the axis of the rotating rod b30, so that the bottom ash particles in the semi-circular screening cylinder 22 are poured into the disc 11.

[0025] The driving motor a13, the electric push rod a16, the servo motor 23, the driving motor b34, and the electric push rod b can all be purchased on the market and are separately equipped with power supplies, which are mature technologies in this field and have been fully disclosed, so they will not be repeated in the description of the specification.

[0026] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0027] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An apparatus for preparing lightweight spherical particles from waste incineration bottom ash, comprising: A load-bearing base (1) and a support frame (2) fixed on the load-bearing base (1); Characterized in that it further comprises: A granulating mechanism (3) installed on the support frame (2), the granulating mechanism (3) being used to prepare the bottom ash particles into a spherical particle form, a carrier frame (4) being fixed on one side wall of the load-bearing base (1), a screening unit (5) being installed above the carrier frame (4), the screening unit (5) being used to screen out bottom ash particles of different particle sizes, and; A lifting and feeding mechanism (6) arranged on the carrier frame (4), the lifting and feeding mechanism (6) being used to pour the bottom ash particles after screening into the granulating mechanism (3).

2. The device for preparing lightweight spherical particles from waste incineration bottom ash according to claim 1, characterized in that: The granulating mechanism (3) includes: A central rod (8) is rotatably connected to the support frame (2) through a fixed bearing seat (7), a support plate (9) is fixed on the central rod (8), a central shaft (10) is rotatably connected to the support plate (9) through a fixed rotating seat, a disc (11) is fixed at one end of the central shaft (10), a reduction gearbox (12) is fixed on the support plate (9), and a driving motor a (13) is fixed on the reduction gearbox (12), a transmission gear (14) is fixed at one end of the output shaft of the reduction gearbox (12), a toothed ring (15) meshing with the transmission gear (14) is fixed on the disc (11), an electric push rod a (16) is hinged on the support frame (2), the output end of the electric push rod a (16) is hinged to one side wall of the support plate (9), a mounting frame (17) is fixed on the support plate (9), and a scraper (18) is arranged on the mounting frame (17).

3. The device for preparing lightweight spherical particles from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash according to claim 1, wherein: The screening unit (5) includes: A carrier cylinder (19) is arranged above the carrier frame (4), a protective cylinder (20) is fixed on the carrier cylinder (19), a rotating rod a (21) is rotatably connected between the protective cylinder (20) and the carrier cylinder (19), a semi-circular screening cylinder (22) is fixed on the rotating rod a (21), a servo motor (23) is fixed on the carrier cylinder (19), an incomplete gear (24) is fixed on the output shaft of the servo motor (23), a toothed ring (25) meshing with the incomplete gear (24) is fixed on the semi-circular screening cylinder (22), a connecting ring (26) is fixed at one end of the rotating rod a (21), and a torsion spring (27) is sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating rod a (21), one end of the torsion spring (27) is fixed to the connecting ring (26), and the other end of the torsion spring (27) is fixed to the protective cylinder (20).

4. An apparatus for preparing lightweight spherical particles from waste incineration bottom ash according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lifting and loading mechanism (6) includes: An installation frame (28) is fixed on the carrier frame (4). A loading frame (29) is slidably connected inside the installation frame (28). The carrier cylinder (19) is rotationally connected to the inner side wall of the loading frame (29) through a rotating rod b (30). The loading frame (29) is slidably connected to the installation frame (28) through a movable block (31). A plurality of guide rods (32) are fixed on the loading frame (29), and the movable block (31) is slidably penetrated through the outer surface of the guide rods (32). A threaded rod (33) is rotationally connected to the loading frame (29). One of the movable blocks (31) is threadedly connected to the threaded rod (33). A driving motor b (34) is fixed on the installation frame (28). A bevel gear (35) is fixed between the output shaft of the driving motor b (34) and the threaded rod (33). The two bevel gears (35) are meshed with each other. A turnover member (36) adapted to the carrier cylinder (19) is arranged on the installation frame (28).

5. The device for preparing lightweight spherical particles from waste incineration bottom ash according to claim 4, characterized in that: The turnover member (36) includes: An installation rod a (37) is fixed on the loading frame (29). An installation rod b (38) is fixed on the carrier cylinder (19). An electric push rod b (39) is rotationally connected to the installation rod a (37). The output end of the electric push rod b (39) is rotationally connected to the installation rod b (38).

6. The device for preparing lightweight spherical particles from waste incineration bottom ash according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of pulleys (40) are fixed on the carrier cylinder (19). A guide groove (41) is fixed on the semi-circular screening cylinder (22), and the pulleys (40) are slidably connected in the guide groove (41).

7. An apparatus for preparing lightweight spherical particles from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash according to claim 4, characterized in that: A rubber stopper (42) is fixed on the loading frame (29). The carrier cylinder (19) is in contact with the rubber stopper (42), and the side of the rubber stopper (42) close to the carrier cylinder (19) is arranged in an arc shape.

8. The device for preparing lightweight spherical particles from waste incineration bottom ash according to claim 3, characterized in that: A through groove (43) is formed on the semi-circular screening cylinder (22). A baffle (44) is rotationally connected in the through groove (43) through a rod body. A positioning groove (45) is formed on the semi-circular screening cylinder (22), and a positioning rod (46) adapted to the positioning groove (45) is fixed on the baffle (44). A groove (47) for the baffle (44) to pass through is formed on the carrier cylinder (19). A channel (48) for the positioning rod (46) to pass through is formed on the carrier cylinder (19).

9. The device for preparing lightweight spherical particles from waste incineration bottom ash according to claim 4, wherein: A limiting plate (49) is fixed on the carrier cylinder (19). The included angle between the limiting plate (49) and the carrier cylinder (19) is set at a right angle. A guiding plate (50) is rotationally connected to the loading frame (29). The guiding plate (50) is located obliquely below the disc (11).

10. A preparation method for preparing lightweight spherical particles from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash, which is applied to the device for preparing lightweight spherical particles from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash according to any one of claims 1-9, and is characterized in that: Including the following steps: S1. Pretreatment of raw materials: After the municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash is left standing for a period of time and dried, the incineration bottom ash is poured into the semi-circular screening cylinder (22), and the screening unit (5) screens the incineration bottom ash in the semi-circular screening cylinder (22), causing the larger-sized bottom ash particles to remain at the semi-circular screening cylinder (22), thereby obtaining larger-sized bottom ash particles, and spraying a solution (the solution is composed of water, sodium hydroxide, and liquid sodium silicate in a specified ratio) on the bottom ash particles; S2. Transfer of raw materials: Place a mixture of bottom ash and slag in the disk (11) in advance. The particle size of the input bottom ash particles is smaller than that of the initially input bottom ash particles. After the screened bottom ash particles are lifted to an appropriate height by the lifting and feeding mechanism (6), the semi-circular screening cylinder (22) is driven to flip by the flipping member (36), so that the bottom ash particles fall into the disk (11); S3. Granulation of particles: The granulation mechanism (3) is used to granulate the bottom ash particles in the disk (11), and after granulation, spherical particles with a rough surface and a larger particle size are obtained; S4. Screening of spherical particles: Pour the spherical particles after granulation preparation into the screening unit (5), and the screening unit (5) screens them, and sprays the aforementioned solution on their surfaces again; S5. Secondary granulation: Put a mixture of bottom ash with a smaller particle size and slag in powder state into the disk (11). The spherical particles are input into the disk (11) by the lifting and feeding mechanism (6), and the granulation mechanism (3) is used to granulate the spherical particles. After granulation, spherical lightweight particles with good surface morphology and fineness are obtained.

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