A gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding

Abstract

The present invention relates to a combined processing technology, specifically a gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding, comprising a composite machining device, the composite machining device comprising a rack, the central rotation of which is provided with a main shaft; the composite machining device further comprising two tool shafts for mounting a milling cutter and a grinding wheel, respectively, both of which can be coaxially coupled with the main shaft; when one tool shaft is coupled with the main shaft, the other tool shaft deviates from the main shaft, and the two tool shafts are each connected to the rack via a set of swing guide mechanisms; the swing guide mechanism is used to drive the tool shaft to first disengage from the main shaft, then deflect away from the main shaft and form an angle with the main shaft; or to drive the tool shaft to first deflect toward the main shaft until it is coaxial with the main shaft, and then drive the tool shaft to couple with the main shaft. Without the need for tool switching position compensation, a grinding operation can be completed by still following the original processing route from the end of the processing route to the beginning of the processing, ensuring that the route reference of the milling and grinding processing is completely consistent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a combined processing technology, in particular to a gantry type composite processing center based on multi-head milling and grinding. Background Art

[0002] Grinding is the process of using abrasive tools (such as grinding wheels) to cut and rub the surface of a workpiece at high speed to remove material; while milling is the process of using a rotating milling cutter to cut on the surface of a workpiece, generating metal chips through the rotation of the tool and the feed motion of the workpiece.

[0003] Generally speaking, traditional milling and grinding processes belong to two independent processes and need to be completed on different machine tools. This has many disadvantages. First, the processing efficiency is low, and second, the processing cost is high. Different types of machine tools need to be purchased and equipped with corresponding operators.

[0004] To this end, a large number of types of integrated milling and grinding machine tools have emerged in the machining industry. Through three-coordinate programming, they can control the three-dimensional spatial route of the tool's processing. By adopting the method of milling first and then grinding, the milling cutter is used to complete the entire path processing along the processing spatial route, and then the tool is directly switched. The grinding process can be completed without the need for secondary positioning and clamping of the workpiece. During the two-process processing, the workpiece never needs to be re-clamped and positioned.

[0005] When the milling cutter completes the milling work, the turret tool magazine completes the tool change. The most common types are turret head tool change and rotary tool holder tool change. It is equipped with two sets of highly integrated independent processing systems, from power source to spindle to tool; when the milling work is completed, the corresponding milling processing system moves away and switches positions, so that the grinding processing system is switched to the current processing station; no matter which method is used, after switching, there will be switching errors due to the movement during the switching process, resulting in the processing bases of the two processing systems being not completely consistent; generally, compensation is required, including compensation of the tool processing base and tool feed compensation of the entire processing system station. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding comprises a base and a mounting plate, wherein a composite machining device is movably mounted on the mounting plate, the composite machining device comprising a frame, wherein a main shaft is rotatably mounted in the center of the frame; the composite machining device further comprises two tool shafts for mounting a milling cutter and a grinding wheel, respectively, and both tool shafts can be coaxially coupled to the main shaft;

[0009] When one of the knife shafts is combined with the main shaft, the other knife shaft deviates from the main shaft, and the two knife shafts are each connected to the ring frame through a set of swing guide mechanisms;

[0010] The swing guide mechanism is used to drive the knife shaft to first separate from the main shaft, then deflect away from the main shaft and form an angle with the main shaft; or to drive the knife shaft to first deflect close to the main shaft until it is coaxial with the main shaft, and then drive the knife shaft to engage with the main shaft;

[0011] The two groups of rocking guide mechanisms operate synchronously. When one group of rocking guide mechanisms drives one of the cutter shafts to separate from the main shaft and deviate from the main shaft to form an angle, the other group of rocking guide mechanisms drives the other cutter shaft to deflect close to the main shaft and until it is coaxial with the main shaft, so that the cutter shaft and the main shaft are combined.

[0012] The gantry-type compound machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding as described above: a workbench is horizontally adjustable along the length direction of the base, a group of gantry columns are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the workbench, and a slide rail is fixedly installed on the top of each group of gantry columns. A truss is arranged between the slide rails on both sides, and the truss can be slid and adjusted along the length direction of the slide rail, and the mounting plate can slide along the length direction of the truss.

[0013] The gantry type compound machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding as described above: a shaft sleeve is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the spindle, and a docking cavity is formed at the lower end of the shaft sleeve;

[0014] A circle of docking teeth is integrally provided on the inner wall of the docking cavity along the central axis direction of the sleeve, and the lower ends of the docking teeth are sharp;

[0015] A clutch shaft is elastically and slidably provided on the upper end of the knife shaft, and a circle of tooth grooves is formed on the outer periphery of the upper end of the clutch shaft, and the tooth grooves are adapted to the docking teeth;

[0016] A sliding cavity is formed at the lower end of the clutch shaft, and a key groove is formed on the inner wall of the sliding cavity along its axial direction; a sliding key adapted to the key groove is fixedly provided on the outer periphery of the upper portion of the knife shaft, and a lifting spring is provided in the sliding cavity; one end of the lifting spring contacts the top end of the knife shaft, and the other end contacts the top wall of the sliding cavity, and the lifting spring is a compression spring;

[0017] The knife shaft and the clutch shaft are connected to the rocking guide mechanism through a connecting component.

[0018] The gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling as described above: the connection assembly includes a guide plate parallel to the central axis of the tool shaft, the external rotation of the clutch shaft is provided with a No. 1 clamp, and the external rotation of the tool shaft is provided with a No. 2 clamp;

[0019] A rotation pin is provided on the outer side of the No. 1 clamp along the radial direction of the No. 1 clamp, and a guide groove is provided on the guide plate along its length direction, and the rotation pin is slidably engaged with the guide groove;

[0020] A pin is provided on the outer side of the No. 2 clamp along the radial direction of the No. 2 clamp, the pin is parallel to the rotating pin, and the pin is fixedly connected to the guide plate.

[0021] The gantry-type compound machining center based on multi-head milling as described above: the first clamp comprises a first half hoop and a second half hoop, the first half hoop and the second half hoop together forming a hoop ring;

[0022] The second clamp comprises a third half clamp and a fourth half clamp, and the third half clamp and the fourth half clamp are combined to form another clamp;

[0023] The inner walls of the No. 1 clamp and the No. 2 clamp are each provided with a circle of hemispherical depressions, the outer wall of the clutch shaft is provided with a circle of first concave tracks, and the outer wall of the knife shaft is provided with a circle of second concave tracks;

[0024] A large roller is rotatably engaged in the hemispherical recess on the inner wall of the first clamp, and the large roller is rotatably arranged in the first concave track;

[0025] A small roller is rollingly engaged in the hemispherical recess on the inner wall of the No. 2 clamp, and the small roller is fixedly arranged in the second concave track.

[0026] The gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding as described above: the swing guide mechanism includes a swing arm, the swing arms in the two sets of swing guide mechanisms are respectively located on both sides of the frame, the center positions of both sides of the frame form a central portion, and one end of the swing arm is rotatably connected to the central portion;

[0027] A lifting slot is provided at the middle position of the swing arm, and an end of the swing arm away from the center portion forms an eagle beak, and the eagle beak is adapted to the pin shaft;

[0028] The rotating pin is embedded in the lifting groove and has a clearance fit with the lifting groove. The guide plate is fixedly mounted with an embedding piece, and two pulleys are symmetrically rotated on the embedding piece. The pulleys are in rolling fit with the rail groove formed in the center of the arc track.

[0029] The center of the arc track coincides with the central portion, and an arc piece is fixedly connected to the lower side of the ring frame through a fixing plate, and the arc track is fixedly mounted on the arc piece.

[0030] The gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding as described above: a hanging column is fixedly installed on the guide plate, a horizontal column is fixedly provided on the arc-shaped member, and a tension spring is hung between the horizontal column and the hanging column;

[0031] The two swing arms on both sides of the ring frame are fixedly connected through a tool changing arm, and the tool changing arm is also rotatably connected to the central part; the lower end of the tool shaft is provided with a connecting hole for installing a milling cutter or a grinding wheel.

[0032] The gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding as described above: a top plate is fixedly installed on the top of the ring frame, an assembly plate is fixedly installed on the top plate, and a support arm is fixedly installed on one side of the assembly plate;

[0033] The end of the support arm is rotatably connected to the top of the cylinder, and the bottom end of the cylinder is hinged to the tool changing arm;

[0034] A processing motor is also installed on the top plate. The processing motor is connected to a main shaft through a bevel gear set. The main shaft is rotatably arranged on the top plate.

[0035] As described above, in the gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding, a hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate, a retractable lower end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to a work frame, the work frame is vertically slidably matched with the mounting plate, and the work frame is fixedly connected to the assembly plate.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows: in the present invention, after the spindle completes a milling according to the predetermined processing route, the milling cutter is at the end of the processing route; and then the tool is switched by two sets of rocking guide mechanisms, so that the milling cutter combined with the spindle is switched to the grinding wheel. Under the premise of no need to compensate for the tool switching position, it still moves from the end of the processing route to the starting end according to the original processing route to complete one grinding, ensuring that the route reference of the milling and grinding processing is completely consistent, avoiding the milling and grinding tool reference deviation caused by switching the tool, and there is no need to compensate for the tool position on the entire processing route due to the tool reference deviation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding from another perspective.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the mounting plate and compound processing device in a gantry-type compound processing center based on multi-head milling and grinding.

[0040] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure from another perspective.

[0041] Figure 5 For Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the structure after the assembly plate, top plate, and work frame are disassembled.

[0042] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the composite processing device.

[0043] Figure 7 For Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure after the fixed plate and the top plate are disassembled from the composite processing device.

[0044] Figure 8 For Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure after removing the processing motor, fixed plate, and top plate.

[0045] Figure 9 For Figure 8 The front view after removing the ring frame and curved parts from the foundation.

[0046] Figure 10 for Figure 9 Rear view of the top view.

[0047] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the swing arm, guide plate, and fittings in one set of swing guide mechanisms are disassembled.

[0048] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the No. 1 clamp and the No. 2 clamp are disassembled.

[0049] Figure 13 Disassembly diagram of the main shaft, sleeve, clutch shaft, and tool shaft.

[0050] Figure 14 for Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure from another perspective.

[0051] In the figure: 1. base; 2. workbench; 3. gantry column; 4. slide rail; 5. truss; 6. mounting plate; 7. hydraulic cylinder; 8. assembly plate; 9. support arm; 10. cylinder; 11. top plate; 12. ring frame; 13. fixed plate; 14. arc-shaped member; 15. machining motor; 16. spindle; 17. bushing; 1701. docking cavity; 1702. docking gear; 18. clutch shaft; 1801. tooth groove; 1802. first concave rail; 1803. slide cavity; 1804. keyway; 19. tool shaft; 1901. sliding key; 1902. second concave rail; 1903, connecting hole; 20, lifting spring; 21, No. 1 clamp; 2101, first half clamp; 2102, second half clamp; 22, No. 2 clamp; 2201, third half clamp; 2202, fourth half clamp; 23, rotating pin; 24, pin shaft; 25, large roller; 26, small roller; 27, guide plate; 2701, guide groove; 2702, hanging column; 28, fitting; 29, pulley; 30, curved track; 3001, track groove; 31, swing arm; 3101, lifting groove; 3102, eagle's beak; 32, tool changing arm; 33, tension spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0053] See also Figures 1 to 14 As an embodiment of the present invention, the gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding comprises a base 1 and a workbench 2 horizontally and adjustably arranged on the base 1 along the length direction of the base 1;

[0054] A group of gantry columns 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the workbench 2, and a slide rail 4 is fixedly installed on the top of each group of gantry columns 3. A truss 5 is arranged between the slide rails 4 on both sides, and the truss 5 can be slid and adjusted along the length direction of the slide rail 4;

[0055] A mounting plate 6 is slidably provided on the truss 5 along its length direction, and a composite processing device is lifted and lowered on the mounting plate 6;

[0056] The two groups of gantry columns 3 and the trusses 5 form a gantry frame structure. Since the composite processing device is escalably mounted on the mounting plate 6, the height of the composite processing device can be adjusted, and the height direction can be adjusted, so that the composite processing device has linear freedom of movement in the Z direction.

[0057] In addition, the mounting plate 6 can be adjusted along the length of the truss 5, so that the composite processing device further has linear freedom of movement in the Y direction;

[0058] Finally, the truss 5 can be slidably adjusted along the length of the slide rail 4 , and further has the linear interactive freedom in the X direction.

[0059] In summary, the composite processing device of the present invention has three degrees of freedom in the X, Y, and Z directions that are perpendicular to each other in space, and can realize the full-area processing function of the workpiece on the workbench 2.

[0060] The composite processing device includes a rectangular frame 12, with a main shaft 16 rotatably provided at the center of the frame 12; the composite processing device also includes two tool shafts 19, both of which can be coaxially coupled to the main shaft 16;

[0061] The end of one of the cutter shafts 19 is used to mount a milling cutter, and the end of the other cutter shaft 19 is used to mount a grinding wheel; when one of the cutter shafts 19 is coupled to the main shaft 16, the other cutter shaft 19 deviates from the main shaft 16, and the two cutter shafts 19 are each connected to the ring frame 12 via a set of swing guide mechanisms;

[0062] The swing guide mechanism is used to drive the knife shaft 19 to first separate from the main shaft 16, then deflect away from the main shaft 16 and form an angle with the main shaft 16; or to drive the knife shaft 19 to first deflect toward the main shaft 16 until it is coaxial with the main shaft 16, and then drive the knife shaft 19 to engage with the main shaft 16;

[0063] The two groups of rocking guide mechanisms operate synchronously. When one group of rocking guide mechanisms drives one of the cutter shafts 19 to disengage from the main shaft 16 and deviate from the main shaft 16 to form an angle, the other group of rocking guide mechanisms drives the other cutter shaft 19 to deflect close to the main shaft 16 and until it is coaxial with the main shaft 16, so that the cutter shaft 19 is combined with the main shaft 16.

[0064] In the present invention, the spindle 16 serves as the power element for performing the machining operation. When switching from milling to grinding or from grinding to milling, the machining reference remains unchanged.

[0065] As can be seen from the above description, the spindle 16 has three spatial degrees of freedom: X, Y, and Z. Therefore, a three-dimensional processing route can be formulated on the programming side according to the specific processing route to cover the predetermined processing area.

[0066] It can be expected that when the spindle 16 completes a milling according to the predetermined processing route, the milling cutter is at the end of the processing route; then the tool is switched through two sets of rocking guide mechanisms, so that the milling cutter combined with the spindle 16 is switched to the grinding wheel. Under the premise of no need to compensate for the tool switching position, it still moves from the end of the processing route to the starting end according to the original processing route, and one grinding can be completed, ensuring that the route datum of the milling and grinding processing is completely consistent, avoiding the milling and grinding tool datum deviation caused by switching the tool, and there is no need to compensate for the tool position on the entire processing route due to the tool datum deviation.

[0067] As a further solution of the present invention, please refer to Figure 13 and Figure 14 The lower end of the main shaft 16 is fixedly mounted with a shaft sleeve 17, and the lower end of the shaft sleeve 17 forms a docking cavity 1701;

[0068] A circle of docking teeth 1702 is integrally provided on the inner wall of the docking cavity 1701 along the central axis of the sleeve 17, and the lower ends of the docking teeth 1702 are sharp.

[0069] The upper end of the knife shaft 19 is elastically slidably provided with a clutch shaft 18, and the outer periphery of the upper end of the clutch shaft 18 is formed with a circle of tooth grooves 1801, and the tooth grooves 1801 are adapted to the docking teeth 1702;

[0070] A sliding cavity 1803 is formed at the lower end of the clutch shaft 18, and a key groove 1804 is formed on the inner wall of the sliding cavity 1803 along its axial direction; a sliding key 1901 is fixedly provided on the upper outer periphery of the knife shaft 19 and adapted to the key groove 1804, and a lifting spring 20 is provided in the sliding cavity 1803; one end of the lifting spring 20 contacts the top end of the knife shaft 19, and the other end contacts the top wall of the sliding cavity 1803, and the lifting spring 20 is a compression spring;

[0071] The knife shaft 19 and the clutch shaft 18 are connected to the rocking guide mechanism via a connecting assembly.

[0072] In this embodiment, the clutch shaft 18 always remains coaxial with the knife shaft 19, and with the help of the keyway 1804 and the sliding key 1901, the two can only slide relative to each other along their common central axis and cannot rotate relative to each other.

[0073] The combination of the main shaft 16 and the knife shaft 19 is the combination of the clutch shaft 18 and the sleeve 17. Similarly, the separation of the main shaft 16 and the knife shaft 19 is the separation of the clutch shaft 18 and the sleeve 17.

[0074] During the process of disengaging the main shaft 16 from the cutter shaft 19, the swing guide mechanism first drives the clutch shaft 18 to move along the axis of the clutch shaft 18, so that the clutch shaft 18 continuously moves away from the main shaft 16 until the tooth groove 1801 is completely disengaged from the docking tooth 1702. After a certain distance, the swing guide mechanism then drives the clutch shaft 18 and the cutter shaft 19 to deflect, so that the axis of the cutter shaft 19 forms an angle with the axis of the main shaft 16 and deviates.

[0075] Correspondingly, during the construction process of the main shaft 16 and the knife shaft 19, the rocking guide mechanism first drives the coaxial clutch shaft 18 and the knife shaft 19 to deflect together, reducing the angle formed by the axis of the knife shaft 19 and the axis of the main shaft 16; when the angle between the axis of the knife shaft 19 and the axis of the main shaft 16 is 0, the axes of the two completely overlap; thereafter, the clutch shaft 18 moves upward until the tooth groove 1801 is engaged with the docking tooth 1702.

[0076] It should be noted that during the process of combining the clutch shaft 18 and the shaft sleeve 17, the main shaft 16 always remains in working state without stopping, and there is no need to stop for switching, thereby improving efficiency.

[0077] As a further solution of the present invention, the connection assembly includes a guide plate 27 parallel to the central axis of the knife shaft 19, the outer rotation of the clutch shaft 18 is provided with a first clamp 21, and the outer rotation of the knife shaft 19 is provided with a second clamp 22;

[0078] A rotation pin 23 is provided on the outer side of the first clamp 21 along the radial direction of the first clamp 21. A guide groove 2701 is provided on the guide plate 27 along its length direction. The rotation pin 23 is slidably engaged with the guide groove 2701.

[0079] A pin shaft 24 is provided on the outer side of the second clamp 22 along the radial direction of the second clamp 22 . The pin shaft 24 is parallel to the rotation pin 23 , and the pin shaft 24 is fixedly connected to the guide plate 27 .

[0080] In this embodiment, the guide plate 27 is connected by using a pin shaft 24, and the rotating pin 23 is slidably fitted with the guide groove 2701, so that the clutch shaft 18 and the knife shaft 19 cannot be separated, so the two are always coaxially slidably fitted, so that the clutch shaft 18 and the knife shaft 19 form a telescopic shaft assembly, and the telescopic shaft assembly is always parallel to the guide plate 27; therefore, in the process of the rocking guide mechanism driving the guide plate 27 to deflect, the clutch shaft 18 and the knife shaft 19 will follow the synchronous deflection.

[0081] As a further solution of the present invention, the first clamp 21 includes a first half clamp 2101 and a second half clamp 2102, and the first half clamp 2101 and the second half clamp 2102 are combined to form a clamp ring;

[0082] The second clamp 22 includes a third half clamp 2201 and a fourth half clamp 2202, which together form another clamp ring.

[0083] The inner walls of the No. 1 clamp 21 and the No. 2 clamp 22 are each provided with a circle of hemispherical depressions. The outer wall of the clutch shaft 18 is provided with a circle of first concave tracks 1802 , and the outer wall of the blade shaft 19 is provided with a circle of second concave tracks 1902 .

[0084] A large roller 25 is rollingly engaged in the hemispherical recess on the inner wall of the first clamp 21, and the large roller 25 is rollingly arranged in the first concave track 1802;

[0085] A small roller 26 is rollingly engaged in the hemispherical recess on the inner wall of the second clamp 22 , and the small roller 26 is fixedly set in the second concave track 1902 .

[0086] In this embodiment, the No. 1 clamp 21 and the No. 2 clamp 22 play a role similar to that of bearings, respectively realizing rotational connection with the clutch shaft 18 and the knife shaft 19; however, compared with bearings, the half-hoop structure makes it more convenient to disassemble, replace and maintain.

[0087] As a further solution of the present invention, please refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10 The swing guide mechanism includes a swing arm 31. The swing arms 31 in the two sets of swing guide mechanisms are respectively located on both sides of the frame 12. The central positions on both sides of the frame 12 form a central portion. One end of the swing arm 31 is rotatably connected to the central portion.

[0088] A lifting slot 3101 is provided at the middle of the swing arm 31, and an end of the swing arm 31 away from the center forms an eagle beak 3102, which is adapted to the pin shaft 24;

[0089] The rotating pin 23 is embedded in the lifting groove 3101 and has a clearance fit with the lifting groove 3101. The guide plate 27 is fixedly mounted with an insert 28. Two pulleys 29 are symmetrically provided on the insert 28 for rotation. The pulleys 29 are in rolling engagement with the track groove 3001 formed in the center of the arc track 30.

[0090] The center of the arc track 30 coincides with the central portion, and an arc member 14 is fixedly connected to the lower portion of the ring frame 12 via a fixing plate 13 , and the arc track 30 is fixedly mounted on the arc member 14 .

[0091] By providing two pulleys 29 that are rollingly engaged in the rail groove 3001 , the engaging member 28 can only rotate around the center along the arc track 30 , thereby constraining the guide plate 27 to only rotate around the center.

[0092] Attached with instruction manual Figure 9 Taking one of the swing arms 31 located on the front side of the frame 12 as an example, when the swing arm 31 rotates counterclockwise, the clutch shaft 18 and the sleeve 17 are in an engaged state. Therefore, during the counterclockwise rotation of the swing arm 31, the rotating lifting groove 3101 drives the rotating pin 23 to move downward, thereby further compressing the lifting spring 20 and continuously separating the clutch shaft 18 from the sleeve 17.

[0093] When the clutch shaft 18 is disengaged from the sleeve 17, the turn pin 23 is located at the other end point of the lifting slot 3101, and the eagle beak 3102 conflicts with the pin shaft 24. As the swing arm 31 continues to rotate counterclockwise, the turn pin 23 and the pin shaft 24 rotate together around the center part, so that the knife shaft 19 is disengaged from the main shaft 16, and the knife shaft 19 deviates from the main shaft 16, forming an angle between the center axes of the two.

[0094] As a further solution of the present invention, a hanging column 2702 is fixedly installed on the guide plate 27, a horizontal column is fixedly provided on the arc-shaped member 14, and a tension spring 33 is hung between the horizontal column and the hanging column 2702;

[0095] The two swing arms 31 on both sides of the ring frame 12 are fixedly connected by a tool changing arm 32, and the tool changing arm 32 is also rotatably connected to the center part; the lower end of the tool shaft 19 is provided with a connecting hole 1903 for installing a milling cutter or a grinding wheel.

[0096] Attached with instruction manual Figure 10 Taking another set of swing arms 31 located on the other side of the ring frame 12 as an example, since the swing arms 31 on both sides are fixed by the tool changing arm 32, the swing arms 31 on both sides rotate synchronously and with the same amplitude;

[0097] Figure 9 Counterclockwise rotation from the frontal perspective is Figure 10 In the clockwise rotation from the reverse side, when the tool changing arm 32 drives a group of swing arms 31 on the reverse side to rotate, due to the auxiliary pulling effect of the tension spring 33, the guide plate 27, the swing arm 31, the clutch shaft 18, and the knife shaft 19 all approach the main shaft 16; when the fitting 28 reaches the end of the arc track 30, the clutch shaft 18 and the knife shaft 19 arrive directly below the main shaft 16, and at this time the central axes of the clutch shaft 18, the knife shaft 19, the bushing 17, and the main shaft 16 completely overlap; as the swing arm 31 continues to rotate, because the fitting 28 is already at the end of the arc track 30, the guide plate 27, the clutch shaft 18, and the knife shaft 19 cannot continue to follow the deflection, and the swing arm 31 continues to deflect, which will drive the rotating pin 23 to move upward through the lifting slot 3101, and then drive the clutch shaft 18 to move upward.

[0098] It should be noted that the rotating pin 23 is loosely fitted with the lifting slot 3101. This arrangement is intended to reserve space for the coupling of the clutch shaft 18 and the sleeve 17.

[0099] Because the main shaft 16 does not stop during the process of the clutch shaft 18 and the sleeve 17 being combined, that is, the main shaft 16 and the sleeve 17 are always rotating, which will cause the tooth groove 1801 to rise to the same height as the lower end of the docking tooth 1702. The tooth groove 1801 may be misaligned with the docking tooth 1702. At this time, with the help of the gap between the turn pin 23 and the lifting groove 3101, it can be ensured that when the lifting groove 3101 is in the process of deflection, when the top end of the clutch shaft 18 collides with the lower end of the docking tooth 1702, even if the lifting groove 3101 deflects, the clutch shaft 18 has a certain pause time; during this pause time, when the docking tooth 1702 on the sleeve 17 rotates to be completely aligned with the tooth groove 1801, the two are instantly combined with the help of the lifting spring 20.

[0100] It should be noted that the rotation speed of the main shaft 16 and the sleeve 17 is relatively high, that is, the rotation speed of the docking tooth 1702 is relatively high; however, the deflection switching speed of the swing arm 31 and the lifting slot 3101 is relatively slow, therefore, the process from misalignment to alignment between the tooth slot 1801 and the docking tooth 1702 is very short; the slow deflection of the lifting slot 3101 provides sufficient time to eliminate the gap between the rotating pin 23 and the lifting slot 3101.

[0101] As a further solution of the present invention, a top plate 11 is fixedly installed on the top of the ring frame 12, an assembly plate 8 is fixedly installed on the top plate 11, and a support arm 9 is fixedly installed on one side of the assembly plate 8;

[0102] The end of the support arm 9 is rotatably connected to the top of the cylinder 10, and the bottom end of the cylinder 10 is hinged to the tool changing arm 32;

[0103] A processing motor 15 is further mounted on the top plate 11 . The processing motor 15 is connected to a main shaft 16 via a bevel gear set. The main shaft 16 is rotatably mounted on the top plate 11 .

[0104] In this embodiment, the tool changing arm 32 can be driven to rotate around the center portion by extending and retracting the cylinder 10, thereby driving the swing arms 31 on both sides to swing synchronously and in the same direction.

[0105] The machining motor 15 drives the spindle 16 to rotate at high speed through the bevel gear set to perform milling or grinding operations.

[0106] As a further solution of the present invention, a hydraulic cylinder 7 is fixedly installed on the mounting plate 6, and the retractable lower end of the hydraulic cylinder 7 is fixedly connected to a work frame. The work frame is vertically slidably matched with the mounting plate 6, and the work frame is fixedly connected to the assembly plate 8.

[0107] In this embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder 7 can drive the jig to move up and down, thereby driving the assembly plate 8, the support arm 9, and the top plate 11 to move up and down together.

[0108] The above embodiments are exemplary rather than restrictive, so any technical solution that can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention is included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling, comprising a base (1) and a mounting plate (6), wherein a composite machining device is arranged on the mounting plate (6) in a movably movable manner, characterized in that: The composite processing device comprises a rack (12), wherein a main shaft (16) is rotatably provided at the center of the rack (12); the composite processing device further comprises two tool shafts (19) for mounting a milling cutter and a grinding wheel, respectively, and both tool shafts (19) can be coaxially coupled to the main shaft (16); When one of the knife shafts (19) is combined with the main shaft (16), the other knife shaft (19) deviates from the main shaft (16), and the two knife shafts (19) are each connected to the ring frame (12) through a set of swing guide mechanisms; The swing guide mechanism is used to drive the knife shaft (19) to first separate from the main shaft (16), then deflect away from the main shaft (16), and form an angle with the main shaft (16); or drive the knife shaft (19) to first deflect close to the main shaft (16), until it is coaxial with the main shaft (16), and then drive the knife shaft (19) to be coupled with the main shaft (16); The two sets of swing guide mechanisms act synchronously. When one set of swing guide mechanisms drives one of the knife shafts (19) to separate from the main shaft (16) and deviate from the main shaft (16) to form an angle, the other set of swing guide mechanisms drives the other knife shaft (19) to deflect close to the main shaft (16) and to be coaxial with the main shaft (16), so that the knife shaft (19) and the main shaft (16) are combined. A shaft sleeve (17) is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the main shaft (16), and a docking cavity (1701) is formed at the lower end of the shaft sleeve (17); A circle of docking teeth (1702) is integrally provided on the inner wall of the docking cavity (1701) along the central axis direction of the shaft sleeve (17), and the lower ends of the docking teeth (1702) are sharp. A clutch shaft (18) is elastically slidably provided on the upper end of the knife shaft (19), and a circle of tooth grooves (1801) is formed on the outer periphery of the upper end of the clutch shaft (18), and the tooth grooves (1801) are adapted to the docking teeth (1702); The lower end of the clutch shaft (18) is formed with a sliding cavity (1803), and a circle of key grooves (1804) are provided on the inner wall of the sliding cavity (1803) along its axial direction; a circle of sliding keys (1901) adapted to the key grooves (1804) are fixedly provided on the upper periphery of the knife shaft (19), and a lifting spring (20) is provided in the sliding cavity (1803); one end of the lifting spring (20) contacts the top end of the knife shaft (19), and the other end contacts the top wall of the sliding cavity (1803), and the lifting spring (20) is a compression spring; The knife shaft (19) and the clutch shaft (18) are connected to the rocking guide mechanism via a connecting assembly.

2. A gantry type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding according to claim 1, characterized in that: A workbench (2) is horizontally and adjustably provided on the base (1) along the length direction of the base (1); a group of gantry columns (3) are symmetrically provided on both sides of the workbench (2); a slide rail (4) is fixedly installed on the top of each group of gantry columns (3); a truss (5) is provided between the slide rails (4) on both sides; the truss (5) can be slidably adjusted along the length direction of the slide rail (4); and the mounting plate (6) can slide along the length direction of the truss (5).

3. The gantry type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection assembly includes a guide plate (27) parallel to the central axis of the knife shaft (19); the external rotation of the clutch shaft (18) is provided with a first clamp (21); the external rotation of the knife shaft (19) is provided with a second clamp (22); A rotating pin (23) is provided on the outer side of the No. 1 clamp (21) along the radial direction of the No. 1 clamp (21), and a guide groove (2701) is provided on the guide plate (27) along its length direction, and the rotating pin (23) is slidably engaged with the guide groove (2701); A pin shaft (24) is provided on the outer side of the No. 2 clamp (22) along the radial direction of the No. 2 clamp (22), the pin shaft (24) is parallel to the rotating pin (23), and the pin shaft (24) is fixedly connected to the guide plate (27).

4. The gantry type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first clamp (21) comprises a first half clamp (2101) and a second half clamp (2102), wherein the first half clamp (2101) and the second half clamp (2102) are combined to form a clamp ring; The second clamp (22) comprises a third half hoop (2201) and a fourth half hoop (2202), and the third half hoop (2201) and the fourth half hoop (2202) are combined to form another hoop; The inner walls of the No. 1 clamp (21) and the No. 2 clamp (22) are each provided with a circle of hemispherical depressions, the outer wall of the clutch shaft (18) is provided with a circle of first concave tracks (1802), and the outer wall of the knife shaft (19) is provided with a circle of second concave tracks (1902); A large roller (25) is rollingly engaged in the hemispherical recess on the inner wall of the No. 1 clamp (21), and the large roller (25) is rollingly arranged in the first concave track (1802); A small roller (26) is rollingly engaged in the hemispherical recess on the inner wall of the second clamp (22), and the small roller (26) is fixedly arranged in the second concave track (1902).

5. The gantry type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding according to claim 3, characterized in that: The swing guide mechanism includes a swing arm (31), the swing arms (31) in the two sets of swing guide mechanisms are respectively located on both sides of the frame (12), a central portion is formed at the central position of both sides of the frame (12), and one end of the swing arm (31) is rotatably connected to the central portion; A lifting slot (3101) is provided at the middle position of the swing arm (31), and an eagle beak (3102) is formed at one end of the swing arm (31) away from the center portion, and the eagle beak (3102) is adapted to the pin shaft (24); The rotating pin (23) is embedded in the lifting groove (3101) and is in clearance fit with the lifting groove (3101). The guide plate (27) is fixedly mounted with an embedding member (28). Two pulleys (29) are symmetrically arranged on the embedding member (28) for rotation. The pulleys (29) are in rolling fit with the track groove (3001) formed in the center of the arc track (30). The center of the arc track (30) coincides with the central portion, and an arc member (14) is fixedly connected to the lower portion of the ring frame (12) via a fixing plate (13), and the arc track (30) is fixedly mounted on the arc member (14).

6. The gantry type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding according to claim 5, characterized in that: A hanging column (2702) is fixedly mounted on the guide plate (27), a horizontal column is fixedly provided on the arc-shaped member (14), and a tension spring (33) is hung between the horizontal column and the hanging column (2702); Two swing arms (31) located on both sides of the ring frame (12) are fixedly connected through a tool changing arm (32), and the tool changing arm (32) is also rotatably connected to the central part; the lower end of the tool shaft (19) is provided with a connection hole (1903) for installing a milling cutter or a grinding wheel.

7. The gantry type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding according to claim 6, characterized in that: A top plate (11) is fixedly mounted on the top of the ring frame (12), an assembly plate (8) is fixedly mounted on the top plate (11), and a support arm (9) is fixedly mounted on one side of the assembly plate (8); The end of the support arm (9) is rotatably connected to the top of the cylinder (10), and the bottom end of the cylinder (10) is hinged to the tool changing arm (32); A processing motor (15) is also mounted on the top plate (11), and the processing motor (15) is connected to a main shaft (16) via a bevel gear set, and the main shaft (16) is rotatably mounted on the top plate (11).

8. The gantry type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding according to claim 7, characterized in that: A hydraulic cylinder (7) is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate (6), and a retractable lower end of the hydraulic cylinder (7) is fixedly connected to a work frame. The work frame is vertically slidably matched with the mounting plate (6), and the work frame is fixedly connected to the assembly plate (8).

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