Damping support based on shape memory alloy and mild steel energy dissipation element
Through the combination of shape memory alloy and mild steel energy-consuming components, a shock absorbing support is designed to solve the problem of insufficient deformation and energy consumption of contact network support in large earthquakes, and efficient energy absorption and self-resetting are achieved, which reduces the residual deformation and repair costs after earthquakes, and improves the seismic performance of contact network system.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510673588.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-08
AI Technical Summary
The existing contact network support has poor deformation and energy consumption capacity under large earthquakes, resulting in large residual deformation after earthquakes and high repair costs. Moreover, the energy of traditional support cannot be effectively dissipated during earthquakes, affecting the operation of trains.
The shock absorbing support using shape memory alloy and mild steel energy-consuming elements is realized through the coordination of V-shaped bumps and grooves, reset energy-consuming components and articulated structures, and the energy-dispersing and self-resetting functions are realized. Combined with the combination of SMA stranded wire and mild steel energy-consuming elements, seismic energy is absorbed and shape automatically restored.
Significantly reduce residual deformation after earthquakes, reduce repair costs, improve the seismic performance and repairability of the contact network system, and ensure stable train operation.
Smart Images
Figure CN120273446A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of catenary shock-absorbing bearings, and particularly to a shock-absorbing bearing based on shape memory alloy and mild steel energy-dissipating elements. Background Art
[0002] The high-speed railway network inevitably approaches or crosses seismic zones, and high-speed railways may face severe seismic tests. Under seismic action, the catenary system of high-speed railway bridges may experience changes in the alignment of the contact wire due to the settlement and offset of the poles, resulting in alignment irregularities, which further affect the contact performance between the pantograph of high-speed railway trains and the catenary, deteriorate the power supply and current collection performance, significantly reduce the train operation speed, and affect the normal operation of the entire railway transportation system.
[0003] The existing supports of catenary poles all adopt a rigid connection form, which are fixed at the support with high-strength bolts and buried with cement mortar. Although this type of support has a high initial stiffness under seismic action and is not affected by small earthquakes, under large seismic action, its deformation energy dissipation ability is very poor, and the residual deformation after the seismic action is large. It is manifested as a large tilt of the catenary pole after the earthquake, and there are also problems such as being difficult to repair after the earthquake and high subsequent repair costs. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shock-absorbing bearing based on shape memory alloy and mild steel energy-dissipating elements in view of the deficiencies of the existing research technologies.
[0005] The present application provides a shock-absorbing bearing based on shape memory alloy and mild steel energy-dissipating elements, and adopts the following technical solutions:
[0006] A shock-absorbing bearing based on shape memory alloy and mild steel energy-dissipating elements includes an upper connecting plate and a lower connecting plate that are rotatably connected to each other, and multiple groups of energy-dissipating components are provided therebetween. The energy-dissipating components include two clamping plates and two cover plates. The two clamping plates are respectively rotatably connected to the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate, and the rotation axes are parallel to the rotation axis of the cover plate; V-shaped protrusions are provided on the inner sides of the two cover plates, and grooves matching the protrusions are provided on the clamping plates; the protruding directions of the protrusions are arranged along the rotation axis direction of the upper and lower connecting plates; the two cover plates are connected by a reset energy-dissipating component.
[0007] Optionally, the reset energy-dissipating component includes multiple groups of SMA strands, and the multiple groups of SMA strands are distributed at the four corners of the two cover plates; both ends of the SMA strands are respectively fixedly connected to the two cover plates through fasteners.
[0008] Optionally, the SMA strand is a stranded wire made of shape memory alloy material.
[0009] Optionally, the reset energy dissipation element further includes a plurality of mild steel energy dissipation elements, which are arranged in an array between the two cover plates; the mild steel energy dissipation element is in an S shape, and both ends of the mild steel energy dissipation element are respectively connected to the two cover plates by high-strength bolts.
[0010] Optionally, hinge seats are provided on both the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate, and the two hinge seats are rotatably connected by a pin shaft.
[0011] As can be seen from the above, a shock absorber bearing and its connection structure based on shape memory alloy and mild steel energy dissipation element provided by the present application effectively disperse stress and absorb energy during an earthquake through the cooperation of V-shaped bumps and grooves in multiple energy dissipation components and the synergistic effect of the reset energy dissipation components. At the same time, the combination of SMA strands and mild steel energy dissipation elements is used to achieve high-efficiency energy dissipation and self-resetting functions, significantly reducing the residual deformation after an earthquake and improving the seismic performance and reparability of the catenary system. Description of the Drawings
[0012] Figure 1 is the overall structure diagram of a shock absorber bearing based on shape memory alloy and mild steel energy dissipation element of the present application;
[0013] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the overall structure diagram of the reset energy dissipation component in
[0014] Description of the Reference Numerals:
[0015] 11. Upper connecting plate; 12. Lower connecting plate; 13. Hinge seat; 14. Pin shaft; 21. Clamping plate; 22. Cover plate; 23. Groove; 24. Bump; 31. SMA strand; 32. Mild steel energy dissipation element; 33. Fastener; 34. Bolt. Detailed Embodiment
[0016] The following further describes the present application in detail Figure 1-2 with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0017] The embodiment of the present application discloses a shock absorber bearing based on shape memory alloy and mild steel energy dissipation element 32. The present application proposes a shock absorber bearing structure including an upper connecting plate 11 and a lower connecting plate 12 that are rotatably connected to each other, and multiple energy dissipation components are arranged between the two. Each energy dissipation component includes two clamping plates 21 and two cover plates 22. The clamping plates 21 are respectively rotatably connected to the upper and lower connecting plates and have parallel axes. V-shaped bumps 24 are provided on the inner sides of the cover plates 22 and cooperate with the grooves 23 of the clamping plates 21. The extending direction of the bumps 24 is consistent with the rotation axis of the connecting plates, and the two cover plates 22 are connected by a reset energy dissipation component.
[0018] Among them, the splint 21 refers to a metal plate member with a groove 23, which can be specifically formed by forging a steel plate. The contour of its groove 23 forms a sliding fit with the convex block 24 of the cover plate 22. The cover plate 22 refers to a force - transmitting component with a V - shaped protrusion, which can be specifically manufactured by a casting process. Its protrusion structure can guide the contact surface to generate progressive friction. The cooperation between the convex block 24 and the groove 23 refers to a contact pair with complementary geometric shapes, which can be specifically designed with a trapezoidal cross - section at a 45° inclination angle to generate controllable friction during relative sliding. The reset energy - dissipating component refers to an elastic element connecting the two cover plates 22, which can be specifically a combined structure of shape - memory alloy wires and mild steel sheets to achieve both energy dissipation and shape recovery at the same time.
[0019] Specifically, when an earthquake causes relative rotation between the upper and lower connecting plates, an angular offset occurs between the splint 21 and the cover plate 22. During the sliding process of the V - shaped convex block 24 along the groove 23, part of the seismic energy is consumed through the friction of the contact surface. At the same time, the relative displacement between the cover plates 22 causes the reset energy - dissipating component to undergo tensile deformation. The shape - memory alloy absorbs energy through phase transformation, and the mild steel element further dissipates energy through plastic deformation. After the vibration ends, the phase - transformation restoring force of the shape - memory alloy drives the cover plate 22 to reset, reducing the residual deformation of the structure.
[0020] Compared with the prior art, traditional rigid bearings only rely on the strength of the material itself to resist deformation during an earthquake and cannot achieve energy dissipation and post - earthquake reset. This solution releases seismic energy through a movable connection structure, uses a dual mechanism of friction and material deformation to dissipate energy, and has an automatic reset function at the same time. Compared with the monolithic fixed bearing, the modular design enables damaged components to be replaced separately, significantly reducing the maintenance cost; compared with the existing seismic isolation bearings, which directly place springs or other forms of buffer reset components between the upper and lower connecting plates, since the upper and lower connecting plates usually have a large area and are prone to plastic deformation themselves, the subsequent reset situation will become worse and worse; while in this application, the up - and - down displacement is first converted into the mutual separation of the two cover plates through the convex block and the groove, and the cover plates can be made smaller, and it is more difficult to generate plastic deformation compared with the upper and lower connecting plates, so the subsequent reset is not greatly affected.
[0021] This application further proposes that the reset energy - dissipating component includes multiple groups of SMA strands 31. The multiple groups of SMA strands 31 are distributed at the four corners of the two cover plates 22. The two ends of the SMA strands 31 are respectively fixedly connected to the two cover plates 22 through fasteners 33.
[0022] Among them, the SMA stranded wire 31 refers to a stranded wire made of a shape memory alloy material. Specifically, a nickel-titanium alloy stranded wire can be used to achieve superelastic properties through a heat treatment process. It absorbs energy and generates self-resetting ability through a phase change process, and can restore its initial shape after being deformed under load, thereby reducing the residual deformation of the structure. Among them, the four-corner distribution means that the installation position of the SMA stranded wire 31 is limited to the four corner areas of the cover plate 22. Specifically, a symmetrical arrangement can be adopted. For example, a set of stranded wires is arranged at each of the two diagonal points of each cover plate 22. This layout enables the displacement of the cover plate 22 in all directions to be effectively constrained under the action of external forces, avoiding local stress concentration. Among them, the fastener 33 refers to a connecting device for fixing the end of the SMA stranded wire 31. Specifically, a bolt clamping structure or an anchoring buckle can be used. It ensures a reliable connection between the stranded wire and the cover plate 22 through mechanical locking, preventing slippage failure under earthquake action.
[0023] Specifically, when the bearing is subjected to earthquake action, the upper and lower connecting plates rotate relative to each other, driving the two cover plates 22 to generate displacement. The SMA stranded wire 31 is stretched during the displacement of the cover plate 22 and absorbs earthquake energy through superelastic deformation. Since the stranded wires are arranged at the four corners, the displacement of the cover plate 22 in all directions is evenly restricted, avoiding local excessive deformation. After the earthquake, the SMA stranded wire 31 automatically returns to its original shape by virtue of the shape memory effect, driving the cover plate 22 to reset, thereby reducing the residual deformation of the bearing. The fastener 33 maintains the connection stability between the stranded wire and the cover plate 22 through a rigid fixing method, ensuring the integrity of the energy transfer path.
[0024] Compared with the prior art, traditional bearings rely on the rigid connection of bolts 34 and the cement embedding method. Their energy dissipation components lack self-resetting ability, resulting in difficult post-earthquake repair. However, this solution realizes the dual functions of energy dissipation and automatic reset through the phase change characteristics of the SMA material. The four-corner symmetrical layout improves the structural stability. The fastener 33 simplifies the installation process and improves the connection reliability, significantly enhancing the anti-damage performance of the bearing under strong earthquake action.
[0025] Through the above technical solutions, this application effectively solves the technical problems of large residual deformation and high repair cost of catenary poles after earthquakes. The SMA stranded wire 31 generates a reset force synchronously during the energy dissipation process, avoiding the pole inclination caused by the permanent deformation of traditional mild steel components. The combined design of the four-corner distribution and the fastener 33 enables the bearing to still maintain uniform stress under complex seismic waves, reducing the subsequent maintenance requirements.
[0026] This application further proposes that the reset energy dissipation component further includes a plurality of mild steel energy dissipation components 32. The plurality of mild steel energy dissipation components 32 are arranged in an array between the two cover plates 22. The mild steel energy dissipation component 32 is in an S shape, and both ends of the mild steel energy dissipation component 32 are respectively connected to the two cover plates 22.
[0027] Among them, the mild steel energy dissipation element 32 refers to a plastic deformation member made of low yield strength steel. Specifically, it can be realized by stamping Q235B or Q345B steel, and absorbs seismic energy through the hysteretic deformation after the material yields itself. Among them, the S-shaped structure refers to a geometric shape with continuous wavy bends, which can be specifically realized by die stamping or roll forming, and utilizes the repeated tensile and compressive deformations of the bending section to generate stable energy dissipation capacity. Among them, the array arrangement means that multiple elements are evenly distributed between the two cover plates 22 at horizontal and vertical intervals. For example, a rectangular or diamond arrangement method is adopted, and the overall energy dissipation efficiency is improved through the coordinated deformation of multiple components.
[0028] Specifically, the S-shaped bending section of the mild steel energy dissipation element 32 undergoes alternating tensile and compressive deformations under seismic action, and utilizes the plastic yield characteristics of the steel to convert seismic kinetic energy into internal heat energy of the material, thereby reducing the structural vibration response. Multiple elements are arranged in an array between the cover plates 22, so that the energy dissipation force is evenly distributed along the contact surface, avoiding structural failure caused by local stress concentration. When the two cover plates 22 undergo relative displacement due to seismic action, the mild steel energy dissipation element 32 continuously dissipates energy through the extension and contraction of its own bending section. At the same time, the array arrangement structure ensures the deformation synchronization of each element and maintains the stability of the bearing.
[0029] Compared with the prior art, the traditional catenary support uses a rigid connection form and has no energy dissipation element, so seismic energy cannot be effectively dissipated, resulting in the accumulation of residual deformation. This solution significantly reduces the structural residual displacement after seismic action by adding an array of S-shaped mild steel energy dissipation elements 32 and increasing the plastic deformation energy dissipation path while maintaining the initial stiffness of the support.
[0030] Through the above technical solutions, this application absorbs energy by using the plastic deformation of the mild steel energy dissipation element 32 during an earthquake, reducing the inclination amplitude of the catenary support pillar; after the earthquake, the mild steel element can be quickly repaired by local replacement, avoiding the demolition and reconstruction of the overall structure, and solving the technical problems of large residual deformation and high repair cost of traditional supports.
[0031] This application further proposes that hinge seats 13 are provided on both the upper connection plate 11 and the lower connection plate 12, and the two hinge seats 13 are rotatably connected by a pin shaft 14.
[0032] Among them, the hinge seat 13 refers to a support structure fixed on the surface of the connection plate, which can be specifically realized by welding or bolt 34 connection methods, and is used to carry the pin shaft 14 and form a rotation fulcrum. Among them, the pin shaft 14 refers to a cylindrical metal component passing through the two hinge seats 13, which can be specifically made of high-strength alloy steel and fixed by a pin, and is used to transmit the rotation torque and maintain the axial stability.
[0033] Specifically, the hinge seats 13 are arranged symmetrically in pairs at corresponding positions on the upper connecting plate 11 and the lower connecting plate 12, and are connected by a pin shaft 14 to form a connection mode that can rotate around the axis. When the relative rotation of the upper and lower connecting plates is caused by earthquake action, the matching structure of the pin shaft 14 and the hinge seat 13 can guide the rotation direction and limit the non-axial displacement, so that the energy dissipation component deforms orderly in the predetermined plane. During the rotation process, the contact area between the surface of the pin shaft 14 and the inner wall of the hinge seat 13 controls the friction coefficient through the lubricating coating, so as to balance the rotation resistance and the requirements of structural stability.
[0034] Compared with the prior art, the existing catenary support uses a rigid connection bolt 34 fixing method, and its rotational freedom is completely restricted, resulting in the direct transfer of seismic energy to the connection node and causing irreversible deformation. This solution releases the rotational freedom through the hinge structure, enables the seismic energy to be dissipated through a controllable rotational path to the energy dissipation component, and at the same time, the matching design of the pin shaft 14 and the hinge seat 13 can effectively disperse the stress concentration and reduce the risk of node fracture.
[0035] Through the above technical solution, the present application realizes the controllable rotation and energy dissipation of the connection node under earthquake action, significantly reduces the residual deformation of the support, and can quickly restore the initial state of the structure through the reset operation of the pin shaft 14 after the earthquake, avoiding the need for overall replacement of the traditional rigid connection support due to plastic deformation.
[0036] The working principle of the present invention is:
[0037] This bearing is installed below the catenary pole. The lower connecting plate 12 is fixed to the ground, and the upper connecting plate 11 is connected to the catenary bearing. Under the action of an earthquake, the catenary pole sways back and forth, driving one end of the upper connecting plate 11 to rise and the other end to fall, causing the upper and lower splints 21 of the self - resetting energy - dissipating device connected to the upper and lower connecting plates to slide repeatedly in the inclined - plane slides of the upper and lower cover plates 22, thereby squeezing the two - side cover plates 22 to expand outwards and stretching the shape - memory alloy stranded - wire group and the S - type mild - steel energy - dissipating element 32 used to fix the upper and lower cover plates 22, resulting in tensile deformation. The S - type mild - steel energy - dissipating element 32 has the characteristic of variable - cross - section yield due to its unique structural shape and has extremely strong plastic - deformation ability, consuming most of the seismic energy. At the same time, the shape - memory alloy stranded - wire group has a certain energy - dissipation capacity due to its "flag - shaped" hysteresis curve under cyclic loading and also consumes a part of the seismic energy in this process. After the earthquake action ends, the shape - memory alloy stranded - wire group, due to its super - elastic characteristic, provides a restoring force to press the two - side cover plates 22 tightly, enabling the upper and lower splints 21 to return to their original positions in the inclined - plane slides of the upper and lower cover plates 22, realizing the self - reset of the entire bearing. And most of the seismic energy is absorbed and dissipated by the replaceable mild - steel energy - dissipating element 32 under the earthquake action, greatly reducing the seismic damage of the catenary pole, and also significantly reducing the difficulty and cost of post - earthquake repair, meeting the seismic - performance requirements of the catenary pole.
[0038] In specific applications:
[0039] First, according to the seismic - performance requirements of the catenary pole, determine the number of shape - memory alloy stranded wires and the quantity of the S - type mild - steel energy - dissipating element 32. According to the quantity of the S - type mild - steel energy - dissipating element 32, select whether to increase the number of bolt 34 holes on the plate surfaces of the upper and lower cover plates 22 to facilitate the connection and fixation of the S - type mild - steel energy - dissipating element 32.
[0040] During on - site use, align and fit the inner inclined surfaces of the upper cover plate 22 and the lower cover plate 22 with the inclined outer surfaces of the upper splint 21 and the lower splint 21 respectively. Pass the shape - memory alloy stranded - wire group through the bolt 34 holes around the plate surfaces of the upper cover plate 22 and the lower cover plate 22 in sequence, and clamp and fix it with the fastener 33. At the same time, fix the two ends of the S - type mild - steel energy - dissipating element 32 to the upper and lower cover plates 22 respectively with high - strength bolts 34 to complete the assembly of the self - resetting energy - dissipating device. Then, connect and fix with a pin shaft 14. At the same time, align the pin - hole at both ends of the assembled self - resetting energy - dissipating device with the pin - holes around the inner plate surfaces of the upper connecting plate 11 and the lower connecting plate 12 respectively, and connect and fix with the pin shaft 14 to complete the assembly of the entire bearing. Finally, fix the lower connecting plate 12 to the foundation with high - strength bolts 34 respectively, and fix the catenary pole to the upper connecting plate 11 to complete the installation of the self - resetting shock - absorbing bearing for the catenary pole.
[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
[0042] The shape memory alloy stranded wire group has superelasticity and energy dissipation capacity, can provide restoring force under earthquake action and dissipate part of the earthquake energy, and through the pre-tension during assembly and fixation, its self-centering capacity can be enhanced, greatly reducing the residual deformation of the bearing.
[0043] Using shape memory alloy wires, compared with shape memory alloy bars, it has the characteristics of low processing cost, good deformation ability and excellent self-centering capacity, and the number of shape memory alloy stranded wires can be selected according to the seismic performance requirements to customize the stranded wire group and provide an appropriate initial stiffness for the bearing.
[0044] The mild steel energy dissipation element 32 adopts an S-shaped structure, has the characteristic of variable cross-section yield, has extremely strong plastic deformation ability, absorbs and dissipates most of the energy under earthquake action, greatly reduces the earthquake damage of the bearing, is easy to repair after the earthquake and the cost is reduced, and the number of settings can be selected according to the earthquake intensity. At the same time, its structural shape is not limited to the S shape, and S-shaped series structures such as double S shapes and triple S shapes can be adopted to increase its plastic deformation ability and energy dissipation capacity.
[0045] All the connections of the components in the self-centering energy dissipation device are connected by bolts 34, avoiding the influence of welding residual stress on the device and ensuring the energy dissipation capacity of the device.
[0046] The upper and lower connecting plates are hinged through the pin shaft 14, ensuring the deformation ability of the bearing of the catenary pole in a certain direction under earthquake action. In order to adapt to more engineering environments, the connection structure measure of the upper and lower connecting plates 12 can be changed to a spherical hinge form to provide greater deformation ability for the bearing.
[0047] This bearing can reasonably set the position and number of the self-centering energy dissipation device according to different engineering environments and seismic requirements, customize the self-centering capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the bearing under earthquake action, save economic costs and meet the requirements of seismic performance design.
[0048] The above are all the preferred embodiments of this application, and the protection scope of this application is not limited accordingly. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A shock absorber bearing based on a shape memory alloy and a soft steel energy dissipation element, characterized in that: It includes an upper connecting plate and a lower connecting plate which are rotatably connected to each other, and a plurality of energy dissipation components are arranged between the two. Each energy dissipation component includes two clamping plates and two cover plates. The two clamping plates are respectively rotatably connected to the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate, and the rotation axis is parallel to the rotation axis of the cover plate. V-shaped protrusions are arranged on the inner sides of the two cover plates, and grooves matching the protrusions are arranged on the clamping plates. The protruding direction of the protrusions is arranged along the rotation axis direction of the upper and lower connecting plates. The two cover plates are connected by a reset energy dissipation component.
2. The shock absorber bearing based on the shape memory alloy and the mild steel energy dissipation element according to claim 1, wherein: The reset energy dissipation component includes a plurality of groups of SMA stranded wires, and the plurality of groups of SMA stranded wires are distributed at the four corners of the two cover plates. The two ends of the SMA stranded wires are respectively fixedly connected to the two cover plates through fasteners.
3. The shock absorber bearing based on the shape memory alloy and the mild steel energy dissipation element according to claim 1, characterized in that: The SMA stranded wire is a stranded wire made of a shape memory alloy material.
4. The shock absorber bearing based on the shape memory alloy and the mild steel energy dissipation element according to claim 2, wherein: The reset energy dissipation element further includes a plurality of mild steel energy dissipation elements, and the plurality of mild steel energy dissipation elements are arranged in an array between the two cover plates. The mild steel energy dissipation element is S-shaped, and the two ends of the mild steel energy dissipation element are respectively connected to the two cover plates through high-strength bolts.
5. The shock absorber bearing based on a shape memory alloy and a mild steel energy dissipation element according to claim 4, characterized in that: Hinge seats are arranged on both the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate, and the two hinge seats are rotatably connected through a pin shaft.