Hinge special for lifting type civil air defense door

Abstract

The invention discloses a hinge special for a lifting type civil air defense door, and relates to the technical field of intelligent hinges, the hinge comprises a hinge lower wall seat and a hinge upper wall seat, and the inner wall of the hinge lower wall seat is movably connected with a lower wall seat lining. Transmission torque and lifting displacement data are monitored in real time through a torque sensor and a displacement sensor, the rotating speed of a servo motor is dynamically adjusted by combining a PID algorithm built in a control module, the transmission accuracy of a bevel pinion shaft and a bevel gear wheel is ensured, and then the stability of a door leaf lifting track is ensured; the fault detection unit can analyze operation data in real time, the reliability and maintenance efficiency of the system are remarkably improved, the rotating friction resistance is reduced through cooperation of the movable assembly and the sliding assembly, the coaxial precision of bevel gear transmission is guaranteed through the limiting assembly, the service life of key components is prolonged, and the cost is reduced. And the universality of parts is guaranteed through modular design, and then it is guaranteed that the hinge has the effects of high-precision control, intelligent operation and maintenance and long-period stable operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of intelligent hinges, and particularly to a special hinge for a lifting civil air defense door. Background Technique

[0002] A civil air defense door is the door of the entrance of a people's air defense project. The classification of civil air defense doors is relatively distinct, including various civil air defense equipment such as ordinary single and double leaf airtight blast doors and airtight doors, and single and double leaf airtight blast doors and airtight doors with movable thresholds. A hinge, also known as a hinge joint, is a mechanical device used to connect two solids and allow relative rotation between the two. A hinge can be composed of movable components or foldable materials.

[0003] The existing defects of the special hinge for the lifting civil air defense door are as follows: 1. The patent document US20180002957A1 discloses a door hinge, but the device in the above document relies on open-loop control or simple limit switches, and there are technical problems that torque and displacement data cannot be monitored in real time, resulting in insufficient intelligence and transmission accuracy; 2. The patent document US09670707B2 discloses a door hinge, but the door hinge in the above document lacks a centering joint, resulting in installation errors and prone to structural deformation after long-term use; 3. The patent document US20170114581A1 discloses a door hinge, but the door hinge in the above document has a high friction coefficient, and the gap increases after long-term operation, resulting in the technical problem of the door leaf shaking during lifting; 4. The patent document CN207004261U discloses a civil air defense door hinge, but the civil air defense door hinge in the above document has poor rotation accuracy and large radial runout of the bearing, resulting in significant gear meshing vibration and noise. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a special hinge for a lifting civil air defense door to solve the technical problems raised in the above background technique.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A special hinge for a lifting civil air defense door, including a lower wall seat of the hinge and an upper wall seat of the hinge. The inner wall of the lower wall seat of the hinge is movably connected with a lower wall seat bushing. A limit groove is provided at the top of the inner wall of the lower wall seat of the hinge and the top of the outer wall of the lower wall seat bushing, and a limit block is installed inside the limit groove; The inner bottom wall of the hinge lower wall seat is installed with a movable assembly by bolts, and the top of the movable assembly is movably connected with a lower door shaft, and the movable assembly is used to ensure the stable rotation of the lower door shaft, and the outer wall of the lower door shaft is provided with a sliding assembly, and the lower door shaft is connected to the door leaf lower hinge seat through the sliding assembly, and the sliding assembly is used to ensure the stability and flexibility of the door leaf when the door leaf lower hinge seat moves up and down; a limiting through hole is opened on one side of the outer wall of the door leaf lower hinge seat, and a limiting through hole is provided on the inner wall of the limiting through hole, and a small bevel gear shaft is connected to the inner wall of the limiting through hole through the limiting assembly, and the limiting assembly is used to ensure the stable rotation of the small bevel gear shaft, and a torque sensor is also embedded and installed inside the limiting through hole for real-time monitoring of the transmission torque of the small bevel gear shaft, and a servo motor is provided at one end of the small bevel gear shaft; A threaded hole is provided at the top of the lower door shaft, a screw shaft is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the threaded hole, a displacement sensor is embedded on one side of the top of the screw shaft for detecting the lifting displacement of the screw shaft, a large bevel gear is installed at the top of the outer wall of the screw shaft through a flat key, and the outer wall of the large bevel gear is meshed and installed on one end of the small bevel gear shaft, a limit assembly is provided at the top of the large bevel gear, and the limit assembly is used to limit the position of the large bevel gear; The signal output ends of the torque sensor and the displacement sensor are both connected to a control module, which has a built-in PID control algorithm and a fault detection unit for dynamically adjusting the speed of the servo motor according to a preset lifting trajectory and a sensor feedback signal, and sending the operating data to the wireless sensor. The fault detection unit is used to detect torque and displacement data in real time.

[0006] Preferably, the movable component includes a pad, and the bottom of the pad is fixed to the inner bottom wall of the wall seat under the hinge by bolts, a plurality of steel balls are movably connected to the top of the pad, a retaining frame is installed on the top of the pad, a plurality of limiting holes are opened on the outer side of the top of the retaining frame, and the inner wall of the limiting hole is movably connected to the outer wall of the steel balls, a pressure plate is installed on the top of the retaining frame, and the bottom of the pressure plate is movably connected to the outer wall of the steel balls, a first thrust ball bearing is embedded and installed on the top of the pressure plate, a self-aligning joint is installed on the top of the first thrust ball bearing, and the top of the self-aligning joint is movably connected to the bottom of the lower door shaft.

[0007] Preferably, the sliding assembly includes a group of movable grooves and a graphite copper sleeve, and a group of the movable grooves are respectively opened on both sides of the top of the outer wall of the lower door shaft, and the graphite copper sleeve is installed on the outer wall of the lower door shaft, and the outer wall of the graphite copper sleeve is movably connected to the interior of the lower hinge seat of the door leaf, and a limiting hole is opened at the bottom of the outer wall of the graphite copper sleeve, and a stop bolt is installed through the limiting hole and the interior of the movable groove, and one end of the stop bolt is threadedly installed through the bottom of the outer wall of the lower hinge seat of the door leaf.

[0008] Preferably, the limiting component includes a hole snap ring and a shaft snap ring. The hole snap ring is installed on one side of the limiting through hole, and the shaft snap ring is installed on the other side of the limiting through hole. The inner wall of the shaft snap ring is movably connected to the outer wall of the small bevel gear shaft. Deep groove ball bearings are respectively installed on one side of the hole snap ring and one side of the shaft snap ring. The inner walls of the deep groove ball bearings are installed on the outer wall of the small bevel gear shaft. A large spacer sleeve and a small spacer sleeve are installed on one side of a group of the deep groove ball bearings. The outer wall of the large spacer sleeve is installed on the inner wall of the limiting through hole, and the inner wall of the small spacer sleeve is movably connected to the outer wall of the small bevel gear shaft.

[0009] Preferably, the limiting component includes a mounting hole and a gland. The mounting hole is arranged in the middle of the top of the lead screw shaft, and the bottom of the gland is installed on the top of the large bevel gear. A flat washer is installed on the top of the gland, a spring washer is installed on the top of the flat washer, and a first fixing bolt is installed on the top of the spring washer. The bottom of the outer wall of the first fixing bolt is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting hole.

[0010] Preferably, a fixing ring is installed in the middle of the outer wall of the lead screw shaft. A second thrust ball bearing is installed on the top of the fixing ring, and the outer wall of the second thrust ball bearing is movably connected to the inside of the lower hinge seat of the door leaf.

[0011] Preferably, two groups of first fixing holes are formed in the outer wall of the lower hinge seat of the door leaf. A housing is movably connected to the outer wall of the lower hinge seat of the door leaf. Two groups of second fixing holes are formed in the outer wall of the housing. Two groups of second fixing bolts are installed on the outer wall of the housing, and the outer walls of the second fixing bolts are threadedly connected to the inner walls of the first fixing holes and the second fixing holes.

[0012] Preferably, an upper wall seat bushing is installed in the inner wall of the upper hinge wall seat by screw limitation. An upper door shaft is installed inside the upper wall seat bushing. The top of the upper door shaft is installed with a hinge door shaft seat through a bolt.

[0013] Preferably, the working steps of the special hinge for the lifting civil air defense door are as follows: S1. After being powered on, the control module starts the self-check program. The fault detection unit reads the initial data of the torque sensor and the displacement sensor to confirm that the states of all components are normal. S2. An elevation instruction is input through an external control terminal. The control module loads the preset elevation trajectory parameters, establishes a comparison channel between the preset trajectory data and the real-time feedback signal, and the PID control algorithm enters the standby state. S3. The control module sends a start signal to the servo motor to drive the small bevel gear shaft to rotate. The small bevel gear shaft drives the lead screw shaft to rotate synchronously through the meshing large bevel gear. The torque sensor monitors the transmission torque in real time to ensure that the meshing load is within the safe range. S4. When the lead screw shaft rotates, the thread on its outer wall cooperates with the threaded hole at the top of the lower door shaft to push the lower hinge seat of the door leaf to vertically lift and lower along the sliding component on the outer wall of the lower door shaft. S5. The control module compares the real-time displacement data of the displacement sensor with the preset trajectory through the PID algorithm, dynamically adjusts the rotational speed of the servo motor. When the torque sensor detects abnormal resistance, it immediately triggers a speed reduction or stop instruction. S6. During the lifting process, the gland, flat washer, spring washer, and the first fixing bolt fix the axial position of the large bevel gear through pre-tightening force to prevent gear meshing deviation. The movable component and the sliding component work together to ensure low friction and high stability during the rotation of the lower door shaft and the movement of the lower hinge seat of the door leaf.

[0014] Preferably, the following steps are further included in the S1: S11. The servo motor resets to the initial position, and the lead screw shaft calibrates the zero point through the displacement sensor to ensure accurate lifting reference positioning. The following steps are further included in the S4: S41. The displacement sensor continuously detects the displacement of the lead screw shaft and feeds the data back to the control module.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. By using a torque sensor and a displacement sensor, the present invention monitors the transmission torque and lifting displacement data in real time, combines the PID algorithm built into the control module to dynamically adjust the rotational speed of the servo motor, ensures the accuracy of the small bevel gear shaft and large bevel gear transmission, and thus guarantees the stability of the door leaf lifting trajectory. At the same time, the fault detection unit can analyze the operation data in real time, give early warnings of abnormal states, and achieve remote monitoring through wireless sensors, significantly improving the system reliability and maintenance efficiency. Moreover, the cooperation between the movable component and the sliding component reduces the rotational friction resistance, and the limiting component ensures the coaxial accuracy of the bevel gear transmission, extends the service life of key components, and guarantees the universality of parts through modular design, thereby ensuring the high-precision control, intelligent operation and maintenance, and long-term stable operation of the hinge. 2. The present invention fixes the backing plate to the inner bottom wall of the hinge lower wall seat through bolts to form a stable support base. The steel balls arranged on its top cooperate with the limiting holes of the cage, which not only limits the radial displacement of the steel balls but also allows rolling friction, significantly reducing the rotational resistance of the lower door shaft. The bearing plate covers the top of the steel balls to evenly transfer the axial load to the steel balls and avoid local stress concentration. The combined design of the first thrust ball bearing and the spherical plain bearing can not only bear the vertical pressure but also automatically compensate for the installation error or structural deformation through the self-aligning function to ensure the centering during the rotation of the lower door shaft. Therefore, while achieving high load-bearing capacity, it takes into account flexible rotation and durability, and is convenient for maintenance and replacement, thus achieving the effect of extending the service life. 3. The present invention cooperates the moving grooves opened on both sides of the outer wall of the lower door hinge with graphite bronze bushes. By utilizing the self-lubricating characteristics of the graphite bronze bushes, the frictional resistance during the up and down sliding of the lower hinge seat of the door leaf is reduced, and the moving flexibility is improved. The movable connection design between the outer wall of the graphite bronze bush and the inner wall of the lower hinge seat of the door leaf avoids direct metal contact wear while ensuring the sliding accuracy. The limiting holes and the stop bolts installed through the moving grooves are fixedly locked to the bottom of the lower hinge seat of the door leaf through threads. This can not only limit the axial displacement of the graphite bronze bush but also adjust the bolt pre-tightening force according to the actual working conditions, balancing the sliding clearance and stability. Furthermore, it is beneficial to extend the service life of the sliding assembly and ensure the long-term stable and reliable lifting process of the civil air defense door; 4. The present invention respectively fixes the hole-type elastic retaining ring and the shaft-type spring retaining ring on both sides of the limiting through hole, and combines a deep groove ball bearing to support the small bevel gear shaft, effectively limiting its radial runout and reducing the rotational friction. The large spacer sleeve and the small spacer sleeve precisely control the bearing spacing, ensuring the coaxiality of the gear shaft and avoiding transmission eccentric loading. The limiting component cooperates with the mounting hole through the gland, and uses the first fixing bolt to lock the large bevel gear. The combined design of the flat washer and the spring washer not only disperses the pressing force but also prevents the bolt from loosening, forming a reliable axial limit. Furthermore, it can ensure the precise meshing and long-term stability of the bevel gear transmission system, reducing the risks of vibration and wear. At the same time, the modular assembly structure facilitates rapid disassembly, installation, and maintenance, thereby improving the transmission efficiency and service life of the lifting system of the civil air defense door. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the lower wall seat of the hinge of the present invention; Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the upper wall seat of the hinge of the present invention; Figure 3 is a sectional structural schematic diagram of the lower wall seat of the hinge of the present invention; Figure 4 is of the present invention Figure 3 structural schematic diagram at position A; Figure 5 is a sectional structural schematic diagram of the upper wall seat of the hinge of the present invention; Figure 6 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the lower wall seat of the hinge of the present invention; Figure 7 is a top view structural schematic diagram of the lower door hinge of the present invention; Figure 8 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the small bevel gear shaft of the present invention; Figure 9 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the lower hinge seat of the door leaf of the present invention; Figure 10 is a schematic flow diagram of the control module of the present invention; Figure 11 is a schematic working flow diagram of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1. Lower wall seat of hinge; 2. Upper wall seat of hinge; 3. Lower wall seat bushing; 4. Limit groove; 5. Limit block; 6. Lower door shaft; 7. Lower hinge seat of door leaf; 8. Restricting through hole; 9. Small bevel gear shaft; 11. Torque sensor; 12. Servo motor; 13. Threaded hole; 14. Lead screw shaft; 15. Displacement sensor; 16. Large bevel gear; 18. Control module; 19. Fault detection unit; 20. Wireless sensor; 21. Backing plate; 22. Steel ball; 23. Cage; 24. Limit hole; 25. Bearing plate; 26. First thrust ball bearing; 27. Spherical plain bearing; 28. Moving groove; 29. Graphite bronze bushing; 30. Restricting hole; 31. Stop bolt; 32. Circlip for hole; 33. Circlip for shaft; 34. Deep groove ball bearing; 35. Large spacer sleeve; 36. Small spacer sleeve; 37. Mounting hole; 38. gland; 39. Flat washer; 40. Spring washer; 41. First fixing bolt; 42. Fixed ring; 43. Second thrust ball bearing; 44. First fixing hole; 45. Housing; 46. Second fixing hole; 47. Second fixing bolt; 49. Upper wall seat bushing; 50. Upper door shaft; 51. Hinge door shaft seat. Detailed implementation manners

[0018] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "provided with", "connection", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0021] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 8 and Figure 10 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: A special hinge for a lifting civil air defense door, including a lower wall seat 1 of the hinge and an upper wall seat 2 of the hinge. A lower wall seat bushing 3 is movably connected to the inner wall of the lower wall seat 1 of the hinge. A limiting groove 4 is provided at the top of the inner wall of the lower wall seat 1 of the hinge and the outer wall of the top of the lower wall seat bushing 3. A limiting block 5 is installed inside the limiting groove 4; The inner bottom wall of the lower wall seat 1 of the hinge is installed with a movable component through bolts. The top of the movable component is movably connected to a lower door shaft 6. The movable component is used to ensure the stable rotation of the lower door shaft 6. A sliding component is provided on the outer wall of the lower door shaft 6. The lower door shaft 6 is connected to a lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf through the sliding component. The sliding component is used to ensure the stability and flexibility when the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf moves up and down. A limiting through hole 8 is provided on one side of the outer wall of the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf. A limiting component is provided on the inner wall of the limiting through hole 8. The inner wall of the limiting through hole 8 is connected to a small bevel gear shaft 9 through the limiting component. The limiting component is used to ensure the stable rotation of the small bevel gear shaft 9. A torque sensor 11 is also fitted and installed inside the limiting through hole 8 for real-time monitoring of the transmission torque of the small bevel gear shaft 9. One end of the small bevel gear shaft 9 is provided with a servo motor 12; A threaded hole 13 is provided at the top of the lower door shaft 6. A lead screw shaft 14 is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the threaded hole 13. A displacement sensor 15 is fitted and provided on one side of the top of the lead screw shaft 14 for detecting the lifting displacement of the lead screw shaft 14. A large bevel gear 16 is installed on the outer wall of the top of the lead screw shaft 14 through a flat key. And the outer wall of the large bevel gear 16 is meshed and installed at one end of the small bevel gear shaft 9. A limiting component is provided at the top of the large bevel gear 16. The limiting component is used to limit the position of the large bevel gear 16; The signal output ends of the torque sensor 11 and the displacement sensor 15 are both connected to a control module 18. The control module 18 is built-in with a PID control algorithm and a fault detection unit 19 for dynamically adjusting the rotation speed of the servo motor 12 according to a preset lifting trajectory and sensor feedback signals, and sending operation data to a wireless sensor 20. The fault detection unit 19 is used to detect torque and displacement data in real time; Furthermore, by using the torque sensor 11 and the displacement sensor 15 to monitor the transmission torque and the lifting displacement data in real time, and combining with the PID algorithm built in the control module 18 to dynamically adjust the rotation speed of the servo motor 12, the accuracy of the transmission between the small bevel gear shaft 9 and the large bevel gear 16 is ensured, thereby ensuring the stability of the lifting trajectory of the door leaf. At the same time, the fault detection unit 19 can analyze the operation data in real time, give early warnings of abnormal states, and achieve remote monitoring through the wireless sensor 20, significantly improving the system reliability and maintenance efficiency. Moreover, the cooperation of the movable component and the sliding component reduces the rotational friction resistance, the limiting component ensures the coaxial accuracy of the bevel gear transmission, extends the service life of key components, and the modular design ensures the universality of parts, thereby ensuring that the hinge has the effects of high-precision control, intelligent operation and maintenance, and long-term stable operation.

[0022] Embodiment 2: Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 6 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: The movable component includes a backing plate 21, and the bottom of the backing plate 21 is fixedly installed on the inner bottom wall of the hinge lower wall seat 1 through bolts. A plurality of steel balls 22 are movably connected to the top of the backing plate 21. A cage 23 is installed on the top of the backing plate 21. A plurality of limiting holes 24 are opened on the outer side of the top of the cage 23, and the inner wall of the limiting hole 24 is movably connected to the outer wall of the steel ball 22. A bearing plate 25 is installed on the top of the cage 23, and the bottom of the bearing plate 25 is movably connected to the outer wall of the steel ball 22. A first thrust ball bearing 26 is fitted and installed on the top of the bearing plate 25. A spherical plain bearing 27 is installed on the top of the first thrust ball bearing 26, and the top of the spherical plain bearing 27 is movably connected to the bottom of the lower door shaft 6; Furthermore, the backing plate 21 is fixed to the inner bottom wall of the hinge lower wall seat 1 through bolts to form a stable support base. The steel balls 22 provided on its top cooperate with the limiting holes 24 of the cage 23, which not only limits the radial displacement of the steel balls 22 but also allows rolling friction, significantly reducing the rotation resistance of the lower door shaft 6. The bearing plate 25 covers the top of the steel balls 22, uniformly transmitting the axial load to the steel balls 22 to avoid local stress concentration. The combined design of the first thrust ball bearing 26 and the spherical plain bearing 27 can not only bear the pressure in the vertical direction but also automatically compensate for the installation error or structural deformation through the alignment function to ensure the centering during the rotation of the lower door shaft 6. Thus, while achieving high load-bearing capacity, it takes into account flexible rotation and durability, and is convenient for maintenance and replacement, thereby achieving the effect of extending the service life.

[0023] Embodiment 3: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7, An embodiment provided by the present invention: The sliding assembly includes a set of moving grooves 28 and graphite bronze bushes 29. The set of moving grooves 28 are respectively opened on both sides of the top of the outer wall of the lower door shaft 6, and the graphite bronze bushes 29 are installed on the outer wall of the lower door shaft 6. The outer wall of the graphite bronze bush 29 is movably connected to the inside of the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf. A limiting hole 30 is opened at the bottom of the outer wall of the graphite bronze bush 29. A stop bolt 31 is installed through the inside of both the limiting hole 30 and the moving groove 28, and one end of the stop bolt 31 is threadedly installed through the bottom of the outer wall of the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf; Furthermore, through the cooperation of the moving grooves 28 opened on both sides of the outer wall of the lower door shaft 6 and the graphite bronze bushes 29, the self-lubricating property of the graphite bronze bushes 29 is utilized to reduce the frictional resistance when the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf slides up and down, improving the moving flexibility. The design of the movable connection between the outer wall of the graphite bronze bush 29 and the inner wall of the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf avoids direct metal contact wear while ensuring the sliding accuracy. The stop bolt 31 installed through the limiting hole 30 and the moving groove 28 is fixed to the bottom of the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf by thread locking, which can not only limit the axial displacement of the graphite bronze bush 29 but also adjust the bolt pre-tightening force according to the actual working conditions, balancing the sliding clearance and stability. This is beneficial to extending the service life of the sliding assembly and ensuring the long-term stable and reliable lifting process of the air defense door.

[0024] Embodiment 4: Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 , An embodiment provided by the present invention: The limiting assembly includes a hole-type elastic circlip 32 and a shaft-type spring circlip 33. The hole-type elastic circlip 32 is installed on one side of the limiting through-hole 8, and the shaft-type spring circlip 33 is installed on the other side of the limiting through-hole 8. The inner wall of the shaft-type spring circlip 33 is movably connected to the outer wall of the small bevel gear shaft 9. Deep groove ball bearings 34 are respectively installed on one side of the hole-type elastic circlip 32 and the shaft-type spring circlip 33. The inner wall of the deep groove ball bearings 34 is installed on the outer wall of the small bevel gear shaft 9. A large spacer sleeve 35 and a small spacer sleeve 36 are installed on one side of the set of deep groove ball bearings 34. The outer wall of the large spacer sleeve 35 is installed on the inner wall of the limiting through-hole 8, and the inner wall of the small spacer sleeve 36 is movably connected to the outer wall of the small bevel gear shaft 9; The limiting component includes a mounting hole 37 and a gland 38. The mounting hole 37 is arranged in the middle of the top of the lead screw shaft 14, and the bottom of the gland 38 is installed on the top of the large bevel gear 16. A flat washer 39 is installed on the top of the gland 38, a spring washer 40 is installed on the top of the flat washer 39, and a first fixing bolt 41 is installed on the top of the spring washer 40. The bottom of the outer wall of the first fixing bolt 41 is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting hole 37; Further, the snap ring for hole 32 and the shaft snap ring 33 are respectively fixed on both sides of the limiting through hole 8, and the deep groove ball bearing 34 is combined to support the small bevel gear shaft 9, effectively restricting its radial runout and reducing rotational friction. The large spacer sleeve 35 and the small spacer sleeve 36 precisely control the bearing spacing, ensuring the coaxiality of the gear shaft, avoiding transmission eccentric load. The limiting component is matched with the mounting hole 37 through the gland 38, and the large bevel gear 16 is locked by the first fixing bolt 41. The combined design of the flat washer 39 and the spring washer 40 not only disperses the pressing force but also prevents the bolt from loosening, forming a reliable axial limit. Furthermore, it can ensure the precise meshing and long-term stability of the bevel gear transmission system, reduce the risks of vibration and wear. At the same time, the modular assembly structure is convenient for quick disassembly and maintenance, thereby improving the transmission efficiency and service life of the lifting system of the civil air defense door.

[0025] Example 5: Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 6 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: A fixing ring 42 is installed in the middle of the outer wall of the lead screw shaft 14, a second thrust ball bearing 43 is installed on the top of the fixing ring 42, and the outer wall of the second thrust ball bearing 43 is movably connected to the inside of the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf; Further, the fixing ring 42 provides an axial positioning reference for the lead screw shaft 14 to ensure the centering accuracy of the transmission components. The second thrust ball bearing 43 evenly transfers the axial load during the lifting process to the hinge seat through the movable connection between its outer wall and the inside of the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf, significantly reducing the friction loss between the lead screw shaft 14 and the hinge seat. The combination of its high load-bearing characteristics and low friction performance not only ensures the smoothness of the lifting action but also extends the service life of the lead screw transmission system.

[0026] Example 6: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 9 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: Two groups of first fixing holes 44 are opened on the outer wall of the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf, a housing 45 is movably connected to the outer wall of the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf, two groups of second fixing holes 46 are opened on the outer wall of the housing 45, and two groups of second fixing bolts 47 are installed on the outer wall of the housing 45, and the outer wall of the second fixing bolt 47 is threadedly connected to the inner walls of the first fixing hole 44 and the second fixing hole 46; The inner wall of the upper hinge seat 2 is restricted and installed with an upper wall seat bushing 49 through screws, an upper door shaft 50 is installed inside the upper wall seat bushing 49, and a hinge door shaft seat 51 is installed at the top of the upper door shaft 50 through bolts; Furthermore, through the modular assembly design of the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf and the housing 45, precise cooperation of two groups of first fixing holes 44, second fixing holes 46 and second fixing bolts 47 realizes quick disassembly and reliable sealing, protecting the internal transmission components from dust or external force erosion and simplifying the daily maintenance process. The upper hinge wall seat 2 is fixed to the upper wall seat bushing 49 by screws. Combined with the upper door shaft 50 installed inside and the hinge door shaft seat 51 connected by bolts at the top, a hierarchical load-bearing structure is formed. The upper wall seat bushing 49 ensures the coaxial rotation of the upper door shaft 50 and reduces frictional losses, while the hinge door shaft seat 51 realizes uniform dispersion of the top load of the door leaf through rigid fixing by bolts, avoiding local stress concentration. The collaborative design of the upper and lower hinge seats features split installation, high-precision positioning and multi-stage load distribution, significantly improving the vibration resistance, durability and assembly efficiency of the overall structure, providing double guarantees for the long-term stable operation of the civil air defense door.

[0027] Embodiment 7: Please refer to Figure 11 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: The working steps of the special hinge for the lifting civil air defense door are as follows: S1. After being powered on, the control module 18 starts the self-check program, and the fault detection unit 19 reads the initial data of the torque sensor 11 and the displacement sensor 15 to confirm that the states of all components are normal; S2. Input the lifting instruction through the external control terminal. The control module 18 loads the preset lifting trajectory parameters, establishes the comparison channel between the preset trajectory data and the real-time feedback signal, and the PID control algorithm enters the standby state; S3. The control module 18 sends a start signal to the servo motor 12 to drive the small bevel gear shaft 9 to rotate. The small bevel gear shaft 9 drives the lead screw shaft 14 to rotate synchronously through the meshing large bevel gear 16. The torque sensor 11 monitors the transmission torque in real time to ensure that the meshing load is within the safe range; S4. When the lead screw shaft 14 rotates, the external thread on its outer wall cooperates with the threaded hole 13 at the top of the lower door shaft 6 to push the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf to vertically lift along the sliding assembly on the outer wall of the lower door shaft 6; S5. The control module 18 compares the real-time displacement data of the displacement sensor 15 with the preset trajectory through the PID algorithm, dynamically adjusts the speed of the servo motor 12, and when the torque sensor 11 detects abnormal resistance, immediately triggers a speed reduction or stop instruction; S6. The spherical plain bearing 27 automatically compensates for the installation deviation of the lower door shaft 6, and the steel balls 22 and the thrust ball bearing 26 disperse the axial load and reduce the rotational friction; S7. During the lifting process, the gland 38, flat washer 39, spring washer 40 and the first fixing bolt 41 fix the axial position of the large bevel gear 16 through the pre-tightening force, preventing gear meshing deviation. The movable assembly and the sliding assembly cooperate to ensure low friction and high stability during the rotation of the lower door shaft 6 and the movement of the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf.

[0028] S1 further includes the following steps: S11. The servo motor 12 is reset to the initial position, and the lead screw shaft 14 calibrates the zero point through the displacement sensor 15 to ensure accurate positioning of the lifting reference; S4 further includes the following steps: S41. The displacement sensor 15 detects the displacement of the lead screw shaft 14 in real time and feeds the data back to the control module 18.

[0029] Working principle: By using the torque sensor 11 and the displacement sensor 15 to monitor the transmission torque and lifting displacement data in real time, and combining with the PID algorithm built into the control module 18 to dynamically adjust the rotation speed of the servo motor 12, the accuracy of the transmission between the small bevel gear shaft 9 and the large bevel gear 16 is ensured, thereby ensuring the stability of the door leaf lifting trajectory. At the same time, the fault detection unit 19 can analyze the operation data in real time, give early warnings of abnormal states, and achieve remote monitoring through the wireless sensor 20, significantly improving the system reliability and maintenance efficiency. The cooperation of the movable component and the sliding component reduces the rotational friction resistance, and the limiting component ensures the coaxial accuracy of the bevel gear transmission, extends the service life of key components, and ensures the universality of parts through modular design. Thus, the hinge has the effects of high-precision control, intelligent operation and maintenance, and long-term stable operation. The backing plate 21 is fixed to the inner bottom wall of the lower wall seat 1 of the hinge by bolts to form a stable support base. The steel ball 22 arranged on its top cooperates with the limiting hole 24 of the cage 23, which not only limits the radial displacement of the steel ball 22 but also allows rolling friction, significantly reducing the rotation resistance of the lower door shaft 6. The bearing plate 25 covers the top of the steel ball 22, evenly transmitting the axial load to the steel ball 22 to avoid local stress concentration. The combined design of the first thrust ball bearing 26 and the spherical plain bearing 27 can not only bear the pressure in the vertical direction but also automatically compensate for installation errors or structural deformations through the self-aligning function to ensure the centering during the rotation of the lower door shaft 6. Thus, while achieving high load-bearing capacity, it takes into account flexible rotation and durability, and is convenient for maintenance and replacement, thereby achieving the effect of extending the service life. The movement grooves 28 opened on both sides of the outer wall of the lower door shaft 6 cooperate with the graphite bronze bushing 29. Using the self-lubricating property of the graphite bronze bushing 29 to reduce the friction resistance during the up and down sliding of the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf and improve the movement flexibility. The design of the movable connection between the outer wall of the graphite bronze bushing 29 and the inner wall of the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf avoids direct metal contact wear while ensuring the sliding accuracy. The limiting hole 30 and the stop bolt 31 installed through the movement groove 28 are locked and fixed to the bottom of the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf by threads, which can not only limit the axial displacement of the graphite bronze bushing 29 but also adjust the bolt pre-tightening force according to the actual working conditions to balance the sliding clearance and stability, thereby being beneficial to extending the service life of the sliding component and ensuring the long-term stable and reliable lifting process of the civil air defense door. The hole-type snap ring 32 and the shaft-type snap ring 33 are respectively fixed on both sides of the limiting through hole 8, and the deep groove ball bearing 34 is combined to support the small bevel gear shaft 9, effectively limiting its radial runout and reducing the rotational friction. The large spacer sleeve 35 and the small spacer sleeve 36 precisely control the bearing spacing to ensure the coaxiality of the gear shaft and avoid transmission offset load. The limiting component cooperates with the mounting hole 37 through the gland 38, and the large bevel gear 16 is locked by the first fixing bolt 41. The combined design of the flat washer 39 and the spring washer 40 not only disperses the pressing force but also prevents the bolt from loosening, forming a reliable axial limit. Thus, it can ensure the precise meshing and long-term stability of the bevel gear transmission system, reduce the risk of vibration and wear, and at the same time, the modular assembly structure is convenient for quick disassembly, installation and maintenance.Furthermore, the transmission efficiency and service life of the lifting system of the civil air defense door are improved. The fixed ring 42 provides an axial positioning reference for the lead screw shaft 14 to ensure the centering accuracy of the transmission components. The second thrust ball bearing 43 is movably connected to the inside of the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf through its outer wall, and evenly transmits the axial load during the lifting process to the hinge seat, significantly reducing the friction loss between the lead screw shaft 14 and the hinge seat. The combination of its high load-bearing characteristics and low friction performance not only ensures the smoothness of the lifting action but also extends the service life of the screw drive system. Through the modular assembly design of the lower hinge seat 7 of the door leaf and the housing 45, through the precise cooperation of two groups of first fixing holes 44, second fixing holes 46 and second fixing bolts 47, rapid disassembly and reliable sealing are achieved, which not only protects the internal transmission components from dust or external force erosion but also simplifies the daily maintenance process. The upper hinge wall seat 2 is fixed to the upper wall seat bushing 49 by screws, combined with the upper door shaft 50 installed inside and the hinge door shaft seat 51 connected by bolts at the top, forming a hierarchical load-bearing structure. The upper wall seat bushing 49 ensures the coaxial rotation of the upper door shaft 50 and reduces the friction loss, while the hinge door shaft seat 51 realizes the uniform dispersion of the top load of the door leaf through rigid fixing by bolts, avoiding local stress concentration. The collaborative design of the upper and lower hinge seats features split installation, high-precision positioning and multi-stage load distribution, significantly improving the vibration resistance, durability and assembly efficiency of the overall structure, providing double guarantees for the long-term stable operation of the civil air defense door.

[0030] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claimed rights.

Claims

1. A special hinge for a lifting civil air defense door, comprising a lower wall seat (1) of the hinge and an upper wall seat (2) of the hinge, characterized in that: A lower wall seat bushing (3) is movably connected to the inner wall of the hinge lower wall seat (1). A limiting groove (4) is provided at the top of the inner wall of the hinge lower wall seat (1) and the top of the outer wall of the lower wall seat bushing (3). A limiting block (5) is installed inside the limiting groove (4). An active component is installed on the inner bottom wall of the hinge lower wall seat (1) by bolts. A lower door shaft (6) is movably connected to the top of the active component. The active component is used to ensure the stable rotation of the lower door shaft (6). A sliding component is provided on the outer wall of the lower door shaft (6). The lower door shaft (6) is connected to a lower hinge seat of the door leaf (7) through the sliding component. The sliding component is used to ensure the stability and flexibility when the lower hinge seat of the door leaf (7) moves up and down. A limiting through hole (8) is provided on one side of the outer wall of the lower hinge seat of the door leaf (7). A limiting component is provided on the inner wall of the limiting through hole (8). A small bevel gear shaft (9) is connected to the inner wall of the limiting through hole (8) through the limiting component. The limiting component is used to ensure the stable rotation of the small bevel gear shaft (9). A torque sensor (11) is also fitted and installed inside the limiting through hole (8) for real-time monitoring of the transmission torque of the small bevel gear shaft (9). One end of the small bevel gear shaft (9) is provided with a servo motor (12). A threaded hole (13) is provided at the top of the lower door shaft (6). A lead screw shaft (14) is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the threaded hole (13). A displacement sensor (15) is fitted and provided on one side of the top of the lead screw shaft (14) for detecting the lifting displacement of the lead screw shaft (14). A large bevel gear (16) is installed on the outer wall of the top of the lead screw shaft (14) by a flat key. The outer wall of the large bevel gear (16) is meshed with one end of the small bevel gear shaft (9). A limiting component is provided at the top of the large bevel gear (16) for restricting the position of the large bevel gear (16). The signal output ends of the torque sensor (11) and the displacement sensor (15) are both connected to a control module (18). The control module (18) is built-in with a PID control algorithm and a fault detection unit (19) for dynamically adjusting the rotation speed of the servo motor (12) according to a preset lifting trajectory and the sensor feedback signal, and sending the operation data to a wireless sensor (20). The fault detection unit (19) is used to detect the torque and displacement data in real time.

2. The special hinge for the lifting civil air defense door according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable component includes a backing plate (21), and the bottom of the backing plate (21) is fixedly installed on the inner bottom wall of the hinge lower wall seat (1) by bolts. A number of steel balls (22) are movably connected to the top of the backing plate (21). A cage (23) is installed on the top of the backing plate (21). A number of limiting holes (24) are formed on the outer side of the top of the cage (23), and the inner wall of the limiting hole (24) is movably connected to the outer wall of the steel ball (22). A bearing plate (25) is installed on the top of the cage (23), and the bottom of the bearing plate (25) is movably connected to the outer wall of the steel ball (22). A first thrust ball bearing (26) is fitted and installed on the top of the bearing plate (25). An aligning spherical plain bearing (27) is installed on the top of the first thrust ball bearing (26), and the top of the aligning spherical plain bearing (27) is movably connected to the bottom of the lower door shaft (6).

3. The special hinge for the lifting civil air defense door according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding component includes a set of moving grooves (28) and a graphite bronze bushing (29). The set of moving grooves (28) are respectively formed on both sides of the top of the outer wall of the lower door shaft (6). The graphite bronze bushing (29) is installed on the outer wall of the lower door shaft (6), and the outer wall of the graphite bronze bushing (29) is movably connected to the inside of the lower hinge seat of the door leaf (7). A limiting hole (30) is formed at the bottom of the outer wall of the graphite bronze bushing (29). A stop bolt (31) is installed through the inside of both the limiting hole (30) and the moving groove (28), and one end of the stop bolt (31) is threadedly installed through the bottom of the outer wall of the lower hinge seat of the door leaf (7).

4. The special hinge for the lifting civil air defense door according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting component includes a hole snap ring (32) and a shaft snap ring (33). The hole snap ring (32) is installed on one side of the limiting through hole (8), and the shaft snap ring (33) is installed on the other side of the limiting through hole (8). The inner wall of the shaft snap ring (33) is movably connected to the outer wall of the small bevel gear shaft (9). Deep groove ball bearings (34) are respectively installed on one side of the hole snap ring (32) and one side of the shaft snap ring (33). The inner walls of the deep groove ball bearings (34) are installed on the outer wall of the small bevel gear shaft (9). A large spacer sleeve (35) and a small spacer sleeve (36) are installed on one side of the set of deep groove ball bearings (34). The outer wall of the large spacer sleeve (35) is installed on the inner wall of the limiting through hole (8), and the inner wall of the small spacer sleeve (36) is movably connected to the outer wall of the small bevel gear shaft (9).

5. The special hinge for the lifting civil air defense door according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting component includes a mounting hole (37) and a gland (38). The mounting hole (37) is provided in the middle of the top of the lead screw shaft (14). The bottom of the gland (38) is installed on the top of the large bevel gear (16). A flat washer (39) is installed on the top of the gland (38). A spring washer (40) is installed on the top of the flat washer (39). A first fixing bolt (41) is installed on the top of the spring washer (40), and the bottom of the outer wall of the first fixing bolt (41) is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting hole (37).

6. The special hinge for the lifting civil air defense door according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing ring (42) is installed in the middle of the outer wall of the lead screw shaft (14). A second thrust ball bearing (43) is installed on the top of the fixing ring (42), and the outer wall of the second thrust ball bearing (43) is movably connected to the inside of the lower hinge seat of the door leaf (7).

7. The special hinge for the lifting civil air defense door according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the outer wall of the lower hinge seat (7) of the door leaf, two groups of first fixing holes (44) are provided. The outer wall of the lower hinge seat (7) of the door leaf is movably connected with a housing (45). On the outer wall of the housing (45), two groups of second fixing holes (46) are provided. On the outer wall of the housing (45), two groups of second fixing bolts (47) are installed, and the outer wall of the second fixing bolt (47) is threadedly connected to the inner walls of the first fixing hole (44) and the second fixing hole (46).

8. The special hinge for the lifting civil air defense door according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the inner wall of the upper hinge wall seat (2), an upper wall seat bushing (49) is installed by means of screws. Inside the upper wall seat bushing (49), an upper door shaft (50) is installed. At the top of the upper door shaft (50), a hinge door shaft seat (51) is installed by bolts.

9. The method of using a special hinge for a lifting civil air defense door according to claim 5, characterized in that, The working steps of the special hinge for the lifting civil air defense door are as follows: S1. After being powered on, the control module (18) starts the self-check program. The fault detection unit (19) reads the initial data of the torque sensor (11) and the displacement sensor (15) to confirm that the states of all components are normal; S2. Input a lifting instruction through an external control terminal. The control module (18) loads the preset lifting trajectory parameters, establishes a comparison channel between the preset trajectory data and the real-time feedback signal, and the PID control algorithm enters the standby state; S3. The control module (18) sends a start signal to the servo motor (12) to drive the small bevel gear shaft (9) to rotate. The small bevel gear shaft (9) drives the lead screw shaft (14) to rotate synchronously through the meshing large bevel gear (16). The torque sensor (11) monitors the transmission torque in real time to ensure that the meshing load is within the safe range; S4. When the lead screw shaft (14) rotates, the thread on its outer wall cooperates with the threaded hole (13) at the top of the lower door shaft (6) to push the lower hinge seat (7) of the door leaf to vertically lift and lower along the sliding component on the outer wall of the lower door shaft (6); S5. The control module (18) compares the real-time displacement data of the displacement sensor (15) with the preset trajectory through the PID algorithm, dynamically adjusts the rotation speed of the servo motor (12). When the torque sensor (11) detects abnormal resistance, it immediately triggers a speed reduction or stop instruction; S6. During the lifting and lowering process, the gland 38, flat washer 39, spring washer 40 and the first fixing bolt 41 fix the axial position of the large bevel gear (16) through the pre-tightening force to prevent the gear meshing from shifting. The moving component and the sliding component cooperate to ensure low friction and high stability during the rotation of the lower door shaft (6) and the movement of the lower hinge seat (7) of the door leaf.

10. The usage method of a special hinge for a lifting civil air defense door according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the said S1, the following steps are further included: S11. The servo motor (12) is reset to the initial position, and the lead screw shaft (14) calibrates the zero point through the displacement sensor (15) to ensure accurate lifting reference positioning; In the said S4, the following steps are further included: S41. The displacement sensor (15) detects the displacement of the lead screw shaft (14) in real time and feeds the data back to the control module (18).

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