Multi-directional decoupling self-adaptive vibration isolation device and vibration control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-directional decoupling self-adaptive vibration isolation device and a vibration control method. The multi-directional decoupling self-adaptive vibration isolation device comprises an upper steel plate and a lower steel plate which are horizontally arranged, an annular viscoelastic vibration isolation pad fixed between the upper steel plate and the lower steel plate, a viscoelastic damping block fixed below the upper steel plate, and an I-shaped steel plate fixed in the viscoelastic damping block, the steel tank is fixed above the lower steel plate and is filled with viscous fluid; and the steel ball is arranged in the viscous fluid. Through the mechanism design, the energy consumption advantages of viscoelastic damping and viscous damping are combined and exerted, and the multi-direction, high-stability and self-adaptive vibration isolation and reduction effects are achieved. The problem of excessive restriction between horizontal vibration control and vertical vibration control can be solved, the effect of small-rigidity vibration isolation is achieved on the premise that the bearing capacity is guaranteed, and meanwhile the efficient vibration reduction and displacement control capacity are guaranteed by fully utilizing various energy dissipation mechanisms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of structural vibration, and in particular to a multi-directional decoupling adaptive vibration isolation device and a vibration control method. Background Art

[0002] Structural vibration isolation control blocks the transmission of vibration energy by installing vibration isolation devices, thereby reducing the vibration impact of the structure. It has been widely used in the fields of construction, transportation, machinery, etc. The essence of vibration isolation control is to reduce the stiffness of the structure and achieve vibration isolation, but the reduction in stiffness is often accompanied by problems such as excessive displacement or insufficient bearing capacity, which will affect the safety of the structure. At the same time, in many application scenarios, the vibration source is not single or the vibration form is diverse and complex, forming multi-directional vibration. Multi-directional vibration isolation control and coordinated stability are also a thorny problem. The strategies adopted by the industry to address the above problems mainly include: directly combining the commonly used horizontal and vertical vibration isolation devices in series and parallel to achieve multi-directional vibration isolation; adding damping units to control excessive deformation through energy consumption and vibration reduction. Although the multi-directional vibration control effect can be achieved by simply combining horizontal and vertical vibration isolation devices, it often happens that: the multi-directional vibration isolation effect of the series combination is better, but it is very easy to cause the device to be too high and the lateral stability is poor; although the parallel combination will not cause the problem of the device being too high, the control effects in each direction are mutually constrained, and the multi-directional vibration control effect is difficult to be better. Adding damping units to control excessive deformation by energy dissipation and vibration reduction is an effective measure, but different damping mechanisms have corresponding advantages and disadvantages. How to make the best use of their strengths and overcome their weaknesses is a design difficulty. Commonly used damping units include viscous damping, viscoelastic damping, etc. Viscous damping materials are mostly fluids, and matching design is required to prevent leakage, otherwise the damping mechanism will be greatly reduced. Viscoelastic damping materials are mostly set as solid damping layers, and there is no leakage problem. Under the action of external forces, they have both elastic and viscous mechanical properties. They have high damping in a wide frequency band and can provide a certain stiffness. In practical applications, viscoelastic damping elements are mainly designed as shear mechanisms, but the bonding performance of such materials with the base layer is easy to tear and detach under large displacement or long-term displacement deformation, resulting in failure of the mechanism. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a multi-directional decoupled adaptive vibration isolation device and vibration control method. By means of mechanism design and combining and giving play to the energy dissipation advantages of viscoelastic damping and viscous damping, the problem of excessive restraint between horizontal and vertical vibration control is improved, so as to achieve the effect of low-rigidity vibration isolation under the premise of ensuring bearing capacity. At the same time, a variety of energy dissipation mechanisms are fully utilized to ensure efficient vibration reduction and enhance displacement control capability, so as to achieve multi-directional, highly stable and adaptive vibration isolation and vibration reduction effects.

[0004] A multi-direction decoupled adaptive vibration isolation device includes a horizontally arranged upper steel plate and a lower steel plate, an annular viscoelastic vibration isolation pad fixed between the upper steel plate and the lower steel plate, a viscoelastic damping block fixed below the upper steel plate, an I-shaped steel plate fixed in the viscoelastic damping block, a steel trough filled with viscous fluid fixed above the lower steel plate, and steel balls placed in the viscous fluid.

[0005] Wherein, a groove is provided at the interface of the lower surface of the upper steel plate.

[0006] Wherein, the annular viscoelastic vibration isolation pad is formed by laminating a viscoelastic damping layer and a steel plate layer, and is vulcanized into a whole with the upper steel plate and the lower steel plate at the interface at high temperature; the viscoelastic damping block is vulcanized into a whole with the upper steel plate at the interface, and the connection strength is improved by adding embedded parts.

[0007] Wherein, a cross-shaped I-shaped steel plate is arranged at the center of the bottom of the viscoelastic damping block and is partially embedded inside the viscoelastic damping block; an I-shaped steel plate with a folded corner is arranged on the outside and is partially embedded inside the viscoelastic damping block.

[0008] Wherein, the steel trough is located in the internal space of the annular viscoelastic vibration isolation pad, the viscous fluid is high-grade silicone oil or viscous polyurethane fluid, and the upper edge of the steel trough is higher than the viscous fluid by a certain distance.

[0009] Wherein, a layer of viscoelastic damping material is wrapped outside the steel ball, and the thickness of the viscoelastic damping material layer is not less than 5 mm.

[0010] Wherein, the lower end of the viscoelastic damping block is slightly immersed in the viscous fluid of the steel trough, and the lower end of the viscoelastic damping block should slightly contact the upper surface of the viscoelastic layer of the steel ball under static load.

[0011] Wherein, for the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plate arranged in the viscoelastic damping block, in the normal working state, the bottom height of the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plate should be slightly lower than the upper surface height of the viscoelastic layer of the steel ball, and the steel balls are evenly distributed in the four regions divided by the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plate, and the bottom of the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plate should be at a certain distance from the inner wall of the bottom plate of the steel trough, generally the vertical limiting displacement of the device.

[0012] Wherein, the bottom end of the I-shaped steel plate with a folded corner should be higher than the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plate, and the height of the I-shaped steel plate with a folded corner should be set to ensure that it is immersed in the viscous fluid and slightly higher than the upper surface of the viscoelastic layer of the steel ball in the normal working state, and the side of the I-shaped steel plate with a folded corner should be at a certain distance from the inner wall of the steel trough, generally the horizontal limiting displacement of the device.

[0013] For the vibration control method of the multi-direction decoupled adaptive vibration isolation device, under the action of external loads, the vibration control method is as follows.

[0014] Vertical load action: The vertical static load is mainly borne by the annular viscoelastic vibration isolation pad. Under dynamic load, the annular vibration isolation pad has a relatively small vertical stiffness to achieve vibration isolation. In addition, the device generates corresponding up-and-down displacements with the load. The upper steel plate drives the viscoelastic damping block to move up and down. The viscoelastic damping block, the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plates, and the angled I-shaped steel plates will all compress the viscous fluid to generate a damping force opposite to the direction of motion for energy dissipation and vibration reduction. At the same time, the viscoelastic damping block will collide with the upper surface of the steel ball viscoelastic layer. The viscoelastic damping block collides with the steel ball to dissipate energy and can provide additional stiffness to prevent sudden excessive displacements caused by large dynamic loads, achieving large damping, slow increase in displacement, and vertical position limitation.

[0015] Horizontal load action: Under dynamic load, the device generates horizontal displacements. The viscoelastic annular vibration isolation pad has a relatively small horizontal stiffness to achieve horizontal vibration isolation. The viscoelastic damping layer therein undergoes shear deformation for energy dissipation and vibration reduction. At the same time, the viscoelastic damping block undergoes horizontal motion. The bottom of the viscoelastic damping block slides above the steel ball. Since both the upper and lower contact surfaces are viscoelastic layers, additional stiffness and frictional damping can be provided during the motion. At the same time, during the motion, the viscoelastic damping block, the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plates, and the angled I-shaped steel plates squeeze the viscous fluid to generate viscous damping, enhancing the vibration reduction effect. The edge of the steel groove will provide horizontal position limitation to prevent excessive displacements.

[0016] Advantages: Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are specifically reflected in the following aspects:

[0017] (1) The device of the present invention can improve the problem of excessive mutual restriction between horizontal and vertical vibration control, and does not increase the overall height of the device too much, coordinating the vibration control effects in multiple directions and lateral stability.

[0018] (2) The device of the present invention can achieve the effect of vibration isolation with small stiffness on the premise of ensuring bearing capacity. As mentioned before, the essence of vibration isolation control is to reduce the structural stiffness to achieve vibration isolation. However, the reduction of stiffness often brings problems such as excessive displacements or insufficient bearing capacity. The design of the device of the present invention can, in the vertical direction, under small vibration loads, effectively isolate vibration through the small vertical stiffness of the viscoelastic annular vibration isolation pad, and at the same time can use viscous energy dissipation and viscoelastic energy dissipation to achieve vibration reduction. Under large vibration loads, the collision and extrusion between the viscoelastic damping block and the steel ball can provide additional stiffness and increase the bearing capacity. In the horizontal direction, the small horizontal stiffness of the viscoelastic annular vibration isolation pad can effectively isolate vibration, and at the same time can use viscous energy dissipation and viscoelastic energy dissipation to achieve vibration reduction. The rolling of the viscoelastic damping block and the steel ball can still provide additional stiffness and frictional damping, and the steel groove can achieve position limitation under large displacements. This device effectively coordinates effectiveness and stability.

[0019] (3) The device of the present invention has the advantages of large damping energy dissipation and high - stability energy dissipation. In terms of damping materials, the device adopts two types of damping materials, visco - elastic damping and viscous damping. By designing the application scenarios of the two, making up for each other's weaknesses with their strengths, the energy - dissipation advantages of each are fully exerted. In terms of damping mechanisms, the device of the present invention can achieve multi - process working mechanisms of viscous (extrusion) energy dissipation, visco - elastic (shearing, compression) energy dissipation, and friction energy dissipation (see the working principle for details). According to the form of external excitation, it can dissipate energy and reduce vibration with high stability and self - adaptability, and effectively control excessive displacement.

[0020] (4) The device of the present invention can effectively utilize limited construction space and dimensional constraints.

[0021] (5) The device of the present invention can effectively achieve multi - direction, high - stability, and self - adaptive vibration isolation and vibration reduction functions.

[0022] (6) A groove is provided at the interface below the upper steel plate. By setting the groove, the bonding strength between the upper steel plate and the visco - elastic damping block is improved. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 It is a sectional view of a multi - direction decoupled self - adaptive vibration isolation device.

[0024] 1 - upper steel plate; 2 - lower steel plate; 3 - annular visco - elastic vibration isolation pad; 4 - visco - elastic damping layer; 5 - thin steel plate; 6 - visco - elastic damping block; 7 - steel groove; 8 - viscous fluid; 9 - steel ball; 10 - steel ball visco - elastic layer; 11 - cross - shaped I - shaped steel plate; 12 - angled I - shaped steel plate. Detailed Embodiment

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0027] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "attachment", "fixation", etc. shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] Embodiment: As Figure 1 shown, a multi-directional decoupling adaptive vibration isolation device includes a horizontally arranged upper steel plate 1 and a lower steel plate 2, and an annular viscoelastic vibration isolation pad 3 fixed between the upper steel plate 1 and the lower steel plate 2. Among them, the annular viscoelastic vibration isolation pad 3 is formed by laminating and vulcanizing a viscoelastic damping layer 4 and a thin steel plate 5, a viscoelastic damping block 6 fixed below the upper steel plate 1, a steel groove 7 fixed above the lower steel plate 2, a viscous fluid 8 poured into the steel groove 7, a steel ball 9 placed in the viscous fluid 8, a cross-shaped and staggered I-shaped steel plate 11 fixed at the center of the bottom of the viscoelastic damping block 6 and a corner-folded I-shaped steel plate 12 on the outside. It should be noted that the I-shaped steel plate includes the cross-shaped and staggered I-shaped steel plate and the corner-folded I-shaped steel plate.

[0029] A groove is provided at the interface between the upper steel plate 1 and the viscoelastic damping block 6 to ensure the effective vulcanized connection between the viscoelastic damping block and the upper steel plate 1. It should be noted that in order to ensure the effective connection between the viscoelastic damping block 6 and the upper steel plate 1, embedded parts can also be added to enhance the connection strength.

[0030] The cross-shaped and staggered I-shaped steel plate 11 and the corner-folded I-shaped steel plate 12 at the bottom and side of the viscoelastic damping block 6 are partially embedded into the inside of the viscoelastic damping block 6 to ensure effective force transmission.

[0031] The steel groove 7 is located in the internal space of the annular viscoelastic vibration isolation pad 3 and is fixed above the lower steel plate 2. The steel groove 7 is filled with a viscous fluid 8. The viscous fluid can be high-grade silicone oil or viscous polyurethane fluid, etc., but is not limited to the listed ones, and the upper edge of the steel groove 8 should be higher than the viscous fluid 8 by a certain distance to avoid overflow during the working state.

[0032] A steel ball 9 is placed in the steel groove 7. The steel ball 9 is immersed in the viscous fluid 8, and a layer of viscoelastic damping material 10 is wrapped outside the steel ball 9. The viscoelastic damping material layer is not less than 5 mm.

[0033] The lower end of the viscoelastic damping block 6 is slightly immersed in the viscous fluid 8 in the steel groove 7, and under the static load, the lower end of the viscoelastic damping block 6 should slightly contact the upper surface of the steel ball viscoelastic layer 10.

[0034] The cross-shaped I-shaped steel plates 11 provided in the viscoelastic damping block 6 should have a bottom height slightly lower than the upper surface height of the steel ball viscoelastic layer 10 under normal working conditions. The steel balls should be evenly distributed in the four regions divided by the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plates 11, and the bottom of the steel balls should be at a certain distance from the inner wall of the steel groove bottom plate, generally the vertical limit displacement of the device.

[0035] The angled I-shaped steel plates 12 provided on the outside of the viscoelastic damping block 6 should have a bottom end higher than the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plates 11. The height of the angled I-shaped steel plates 12 should be set to ensure that they are immersed in the viscous fluid 8 and slightly higher than the upper surface of the steel ball viscoelastic layer 10 under normal working conditions. The sides of the angled I-shaped steel plates 12 should be at a certain distance from the inner wall of the steel groove 7, generally the horizontal limit displacement of the device. It should be noted that the angled I-shaped steel plates 12 do not necessarily need to be provided, nor do they need to be fully distributed. They only serve as a supplement to the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plates 11 and are an additional energy dissipation component.

[0036] The working principle of the device in this embodiment includes the following aspects:

[0037] Vertically: The vertical static load is mainly borne by the annular viscoelastic vibration isolation pad 3; under dynamic load, the annular viscoelastic vibration isolation pad 3 has a relatively small vertical stiffness and can achieve effective vibration isolation. In addition, the device generates corresponding up and down displacements with the load. The upper steel plate 1 drives the viscoelastic damping block 6 to move up and down. The viscoelastic damping block 6, the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plates 11, and the angled I-shaped steel plates 12 will all compress the viscous fluid 8 to generate a damping force opposite to the direction of motion for energy dissipation and vibration reduction. At the same time, the viscoelastic damping block 6 will collide with the upper surface of the steel ball viscoelastic layer 10, and the viscoelastic damping block 6 and the steel ball viscoelastic layer 10 will collide to dissipate energy and can provide additional stiffness to prevent sudden excessive displacements caused by large dynamic loads, realizing large damping, slow increase in displacement, and vertical limit.

[0038] Horizontally: Under dynamic load, the device generates horizontal displacement. The viscoelastic annular vibration isolation pad 3 has a relatively small horizontal stiffness and can achieve horizontal vibration isolation. The viscoelastic damping layer 4 therein undergoes shear deformation for energy dissipation and vibration reduction; at the same time, the viscoelastic damping block 6 undergoes horizontal movement, and the bottom of the viscoelastic damping block 6 slides above the steel ball 9. Since both the upper and lower contact surfaces are viscoelastic layers, additional stiffness and frictional damping can be provided during the movement. At the same time, during the movement, the viscoelastic damping block 6, the I-shaped steel plates 11, and the angled I-shaped steel plates 12 squeeze the viscous fluid 8 to generate viscous damping, enhancing the vibration reduction effect; the edge of the steel groove 7 will provide horizontal limit to prevent excessive displacement.

[0039] The working principle of the designed device fully demonstrates that by constructing a two-way multi-stage working mechanism and leveraging the advantages of various damping energy dissipation, it can achieve multi-directional vibration control and possess the characteristics of high stability and adaptability, being highly efficient, feasible, and convenient for application.

[0040] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0041] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles and purposes of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive vibration isolation device with multi-directional decoupling, characterized in that, It includes a horizontally arranged upper steel plate and a lower steel plate, an annular viscoelastic vibration isolation pad fixed between the upper steel plate and the lower steel plate, a viscoelastic damping block fixed below the upper steel plate, an I-shaped steel plate fixed in the viscoelastic damping block, a steel trough filled with viscous fluid fixed above the lower steel plate, and steel balls placed in the viscous fluid.

2. The multi-direction decoupled adaptive vibration isolation device according to claim 1, characterized in that A groove is provided at the interface under the upper steel plate.

3. The multi-directional decoupled adaptive vibration isolation device according to claim 1, wherein The annular viscoelastic vibration isolation pad is formed by laminating a viscoelastic damping layer and a steel plate layer, and is vulcanized into a whole with the upper steel plate and the lower steel plate at the interface at high temperature respectively; the viscoelastic damping block is vulcanized into a whole with the upper steel plate at the interface, and the connection strength is improved by adding embedded parts.

4. The multi-directional decoupled adaptive vibration isolation device according to claim 1, wherein At the center of the bottom of the viscoelastic damping block, an I-shaped steel plate with a cross-shaped intersection is provided and partially embedded into the viscoelastic damping block; an I-shaped steel plate with a folded corner is provided on the outside and partially embedded into the viscoelastic damping block.

5. The multi-direction decoupled adaptive vibration isolation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steel trough is located in the internal space of the annular viscoelastic vibration isolation pad, the viscous fluid is high-grade silicone oil or viscous polyurethane fluid, and the upper edge of the steel trough is higher than the viscous fluid by a certain distance.

6. The multi-directional decoupled adaptive vibration isolation device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that A layer of viscoelastic damping material is wrapped outside the steel ball, and the thickness of the viscoelastic damping material layer is not less than 5 mm.

7. The multi-directional decoupled adaptive vibration isolation device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that The lower end of the viscoelastic damping block is slightly immersed in the viscous fluid in the steel trough, and under the action of static load, the lower end of the viscoelastic damping block should slightly contact the upper surface of the viscoelastic layer of the steel ball.

8. The multi-direction decoupled adaptive vibration isolation device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that For the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plate arranged in the viscoelastic damping block, in the normal working state, the bottom height of the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plate should be slightly lower than the upper surface height of the viscoelastic layer of the steel ball, and the steel balls are evenly distributed in the four regions divided by the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plate, and the bottom of the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plate should be at a certain distance from the inner wall of the bottom plate of the steel trough, generally the vertical limited displacement of the device.

9. The multi-directional decoupled adaptive vibration isolation device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The bottom end of the I-shaped steel plate with a folded corner should be higher than the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plate. The height of the I-shaped steel plate with a folded corner should be set to ensure that it is immersed in the viscous fluid and slightly higher than the upper surface of the viscoelastic layer of the steel ball in the normal working state. The side of the I-shaped steel plate with a folded corner should be at a certain distance from the inner wall of the steel trough, generally the lateral limited displacement of the device.

10. The vibration control method of the multi-direction decoupled adaptive vibration isolation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Under the action of external loads, its vibration control method is as follows. Vertical load action: The vertical static load is mainly borne by the annular viscoelastic vibration isolation pad; under the action of dynamic load, the annular vibration isolation pad has a relatively small vertical stiffness and can achieve vibration isolation. In addition, the device generates corresponding up and down displacements with the load. The upper steel plate drives the viscoelastic damping block to move up and down. The viscoelastic damping block, the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plate and the I-shaped steel plate with a folded corner will all compress the viscous fluid to generate a damping force opposite to the direction of motion, for energy dissipation and vibration reduction. At the same time, the viscoelastic damping block will collide with the upper surface of the viscoelastic layer of the steel ball, and the viscoelastic damping block and the steel ball will collide to dissipate energy, and can provide additional stiffness to prevent sudden excessive displacements caused by large dynamic loads, realizing large damping, slow increase in displacement and vertical limit. Horizontal load action: Under dynamic load, the device generates horizontal displacement. The viscoelastic annular vibration isolation pad has a relatively small horizontal stiffness, which can achieve horizontal vibration isolation. The viscoelastic damping layer therein undergoes shear deformation for energy dissipation and vibration reduction. At the same time, the viscoelastic damping block undergoes horizontal movement, and the bottom of the viscoelastic damping block slides above the steel ball. Since both the upper and lower contact surfaces are viscoelastic layers, additional stiffness and frictional damping can be provided during the movement. At the same time, during the movement, the viscoelastic damping block, the cross-shaped I-shaped steel plates, and the I-shaped steel plates with corners squeeze the viscous fluid to generate viscous damping, enhancing the vibration reduction effect. The edge of the steel groove will provide horizontal limit to prevent excessive displacement.

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