Deformation monitoring system for surface broken rock slope

Abstract

The invention discloses a deformation monitoring system for a surface-layer fractured rock slope, belongs to the technical field of slope deformation monitoring, and can solve the problem that an existing deformation monitoring method is not suitable for the surface-layer fractured rock slope. The system comprises a ground embankment hole, the hole opening is located in a stable area of the surface of the slope, and the hole bottom penetrates through a deformation critical surface in the slope; the surface rock quality of the stable area meets preset conditions; the monitoring holes are distributed in different positions in the axial direction of the workable hole, hole openings penetrate through the bottom wall of the workable hole, and hole bottoms are located in different positions between the deformation critical surface and an internal fragmentation zone of the side slope and extend towards the surface of the side slope; the inclination angles alpha of at least two monitoring holes in the plurality of monitoring holes are different; the in-hole monitoring modules are arranged in the monitoring holes in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the in-hole monitoring module is used for monitoring axial deformation and / or normal deformation of the corresponding monitoring hole. The method is used for monitoring the deformation information of the surface broken rock slope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a deformation monitoring system for a surface - broken rock slope, belonging to the technical field of slope deformation monitoring. Background Art

[0002] Slope deformation monitoring is of great significance for ensuring the engineering safety in alpine and canyon areas. Existing deformation monitoring methods usually drill holes from the surface of the slope to the depth and install monitoring equipment in the holes to achieve the deformation monitoring of the deep part of the slope. However, for slopes with broken rock on the surface, due to the broken nature of the surface rock, it is very difficult to form holes during the drilling operation from the surface, which results in the inability of existing deformation monitoring methods to achieve the deformation monitoring of surface - broken rock slopes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a deformation monitoring system for a surface - broken rock slope, which can solve the problem that existing deformation monitoring methods are not applicable to surface - broken rock slopes.

[0004] The present invention provides a deformation monitoring system for a surface - broken rock slope, and the system includes: A geological exploration hole, the hole opening is located in a stable area on the surface of the slope, and the bottom of the hole penetrates the deformation critical surface inside the slope; the surface rock of the stable area meets preset conditions; A plurality of monitoring holes, distributed at different positions along the axis of the geological exploration hole, the hole openings penetrate the bottom wall of the geological exploration hole, and the hole bottoms are located at different positions between the deformation critical surface and the internal fragmentation zone of the slope and extend towards the surface of the slope; at least two of the plurality of monitoring holes have different inclination angles α; A plurality of in - hole monitoring modules, which are correspondingly arranged in the plurality of monitoring holes; the in - hole monitoring module is used to monitor the axial deformation and / or normal deformation of the corresponding monitoring hole.

[0005] Optionally, when α < 30°, the in - hole monitoring module corresponding to the monitoring hole is denoted as the first monitoring module; When 30° ≤ α < 60°, the in - hole monitoring module corresponding to the monitoring hole is denoted as the second monitoring module; When 60° ≤ α < 90°, the in - hole monitoring module corresponding to the monitoring hole is denoted as the third monitoring module.

[0006] Optionally, the first monitoring module includes a first monitoring unit; the first monitoring unit includes: A multi - point displacement meter, arranged in the monitoring hole for monitoring the axial deformation of the monitoring hole; the multi - point displacement meter has a plurality of measuring rods, and a protection tube is sleeved on the measuring rods; A plurality of antifriction rings are sleeved at different positions on the axial direction of the measuring rod and are located between the measuring rod and the protection tube, and are used for defining the relative positions of the measuring rod and the protection tube; A plurality of support plates are sleeved at different positions on the axial direction of the protection tube and are used for defining the relative positions of the plurality of protection tubes.

[0007] Optionally, the second monitoring module includes: A flexible inclinometer is arranged in the monitoring hole and is used for monitoring the normal deformation of the monitoring hole.

[0008] Optionally, the first monitoring module further includes the second monitoring module.

[0009] Optionally, the third monitoring unit includes: A magnetic displacement meter is arranged in the monitoring hole and is used for monitoring the axial deformation of the monitoring hole; A plurality of inclinometer rods are arranged in the monitoring hole and are used for monitoring the normal deformation of the monitoring hole; the magnetic displacement meter and the plurality of inclinometer rods are connected in series.

[0010] Optionally, the system further includes: An in-hole monitoring module is arranged in the geological exploration hole and is used for monitoring the deformation information of the geological exploration hole.

[0011] Optionally, the system further includes: A piezometer is buried at the bottom of the monitoring hole and is used for monitoring the water level at the bottom of the hole.

[0012] Optionally, when α < 30°, the monitoring hole is a variable-diameter hole.

[0013] Optionally, the material of the measuring rod is fiberglass or carbon fiber.

[0014] The beneficial effects that the present invention can produce include: By opening a plurality of monitoring holes extending towards the slope surface in the geological exploration hole located in the stable area of the slope and arranging an in-hole monitoring module, the present invention realizes the deformation monitoring of the slope, solves the problem of difficult hole formation when drilling holes in the broken rock mass on the surface layer of the slope, and improves the stability and accuracy of monitoring.

[0015] By improving the multi-point displacement meter, the present invention can reduce or eliminate the influence of external force factors on the monitoring instrument and enhance the monitoring performance of the monitoring instrument; at the same time, by combining a plurality of monitoring instruments to form different monitoring modules, the monitoring modules can monitor the deformation of monitoring holes with different inclination angles, so as to obtain the deformation information of multiple positions with different angles and different depths in the slope, and realize the all-round monitoring of the slope. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 Schematic cross - sectional view of the deformation monitoring system for the surface - broken rock slope provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic plan view of the deformation monitoring system for the surface - broken rock slope provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic structural view of the variable - diameter hole provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic layout view of the first monitoring module provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic layout view of the third monitoring module provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic layout view of the in - hole monitoring module provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Reference numerals: 1. Slope surface; 2. Lower interface of the surface - broken zone; 3. Unloading fissure; 4. Lower interface of the internal fractured zone; 5. Groundwater level line; 6. Deformation critical interface; 7. Geological exploration hole; 8. Monitoring hole; 10. Hole opening; 11. Hole bottom; 12. Multi - claw anchor head; 13. Measuring rod; 14. Grouting pipe; 15. Exhaust pipe; 16. Isolation plate; 17. Support plate; 18. First protective pipe; 19. Flexible joint; 22. Inclinometer rod; 23. Pulley assembly; 24. Connector; 25. Cable; 26. Electromagnetic settlement ring; 27. Magnetic displacement meter; 28. Second protective pipe; 29. Precise leveling measuring point; 30. Static level; 31. Rod - type displacement meter; 32. Conductive measuring point; 33. Precise leveling working base point; 34. Deformation measuring point on the hole - opening surface; 35. Piezometer. Detailed implementation manners

[0017] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0018] The embodiment of the present invention provides a deformation monitoring system for a surface - broken rock slope, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the system includes: A geological exploration hole 7, the hole opening is located in the stable area of the slope surface 1, and the hole bottom penetrates through the deformation critical interface 6 inside the slope; the surface rock mass in the stable area meets the preset conditions; A plurality of monitoring holes 8, distributed at different positions along the axial direction of the geological exploration hole 7, the hole opening 10 penetrates through the bottom wall of the geological exploration hole 7, and the hole bottom 11 is located at different positions between the deformation critical interface 6 and the internal fractured zone of the slope and extends towards the slope surface 1; the inclination angles α of at least two of the plurality of monitoring holes 8 are different; A plurality of in - hole monitoring modules, which are correspondingly arranged in the plurality of monitoring holes 8; the in - hole monitoring modules are used to monitor the axial deformation and / or normal deformation of the corresponding monitoring holes 8.

[0019] Specifically, the geological structure of the surface broken rock slope generally includes a surface broken zone, an internal fractured zone, and a deformation critical interface 6 from the surface to the interior. At the same time, unloading fissures 3 and the groundwater level line 5 are also distributed on the slope, etc.

[0020] Among them, the surface broken zone refers to the rock mass broken area formed near the slope surface 1 due to the effects of weathering, erosion, tectonic activities, etc. The lower interface 2 of the surface broken zone is the interface between the surface broken zone and the relatively intact rock mass below it. Since the rock mass in the surface broken zone is extremely unstable, it is impossible to form a hole when drilling in this area.

[0021] The internal fractured zone refers to the broken area formed by the rock mass inside the slope due to tectonic activities (such as fault activities) or strong stress actions. The lower interface 4 of the internal fractured zone is the interface between the internal fractured zone and the unbroken or weakly fractured rock mass below it. Since the rock mass in the internal fractured zone is relatively unstable, it is difficult to form a hole when drilling in this area.

[0022] The deformation critical interface 6 refers to the critical boundary where the rock mass inside the slope undergoes obvious deformation (such as plastic deformation or fracture) under the action of stress. The stress, strain, or displacement at the deformation critical interface 6 reaches the threshold value of obvious deformation.

[0023] The unloading fissures 3 refer to the fissures generated due to the change of the stress state of the rock mass inside the slope caused by factors such as rock mass excavation and river valley incision, resulting in the release of the internal stress of the rock mass. These fissures are usually parallel to the free face and are tensional.

[0024] The groundwater level line 5 refers to the distribution position of the free water surface (i.e., unconfined water) in the deep groundwater of the slope.

[0025] Specifically, the preset condition means that the rock is intact and has construction conditions.

[0026] When excavating the geological exploration hole 7, the axial direction and the layout length of the geological exploration hole 7 can be determined according to the range of the slope area to be actually monitored and the hole-forming conditions. In practice, the geological exploration hole 7 closest to the key fault zone or potential sliding surface and other positions can also be selected from the geological exploration holes 7 that have been excavated on the slope for other purposes as the geological exploration hole 7 of this embodiment. Since positions such as the key fault zone or potential sliding surface are close to the deformation critical interface 6 and the internal fractured zone of the slope, opening the monitoring hole 8 from this closest geological exploration hole 7 to the deformation critical interface 6 or the internal fractured zone of the slope can reduce the drilling depth of the monitoring hole 8, which is beneficial to saving the drilling workload.

[0027] When opening the monitoring hole 8, multiple monitoring holes 8 can be arranged in the geological exploration hole 7 according to the relationship between the trend of the geological exploration hole 7 and the slope surface, combined with the geological structure of the slope, the fault distribution, and the position of the potential sliding surface, to ensure that multiple monitoring holes 8 can cover the key deformation areas of the slope.

[0028] In this embodiment, a monitoring hole 8 is drilled starting from the bottom wall of the geological exploration hole 7, and the drilling termination position is between the deformation critical surface 6 of the slope and the lower interface 4 of the internal fragmentation zone. The axis of the monitoring hole 8 points to the slope surface 1.

[0029] Specifically, the inclination angle α of the monitoring hole 8 refers to the angle between the axis of the monitoring hole 8 and the horizontal plane. In this embodiment, 0° < α < 90°.

[0030] Specifically, the inclination angle α of the monitoring hole 8 and the in-hole monitoring module arranged in the monitoring hole 8 have the following corresponding relationship: When α < 30°, the in-hole monitoring module corresponding to the monitoring hole 8 is denoted as the first monitoring module; When 30° ≤ α < 60°, the in-hole monitoring module corresponding to the monitoring hole 8 is denoted as the second monitoring module; When 60° ≤ α < 90°, the in-hole monitoring module corresponding to the monitoring hole 8 is denoted as the third monitoring module.

[0031] Specifically, the first monitoring module may include a first monitoring unit; as Figure 4 shown, the first monitoring unit may include: A multi-point displacement meter, arranged in the monitoring hole 8 for monitoring the axial deformation of the monitoring hole 8; the multi-point displacement meter has a plurality of measuring rods 13, and a protection tube is sleeved on the measuring rod 13; A plurality of anti-friction rings, sleeved at different positions along the axis of the measuring rod 13 and located between the measuring rod 13 and the protection tube, for defining the relative position between the measuring rod 13 and the protection tube; A plurality of support plates 17, sleeved at different positions along the axis of the protection tube, for defining the relative position of the plurality of protection tubes.

[0032] Specifically, the main factors affecting the measurement accuracy of the existing multi-point displacement meter are the superposition of factors such as the stiffness of the measuring rod 13, the flexural deformation generated by the ultra-long measuring rod 13, and the frictional resistance. The measuring rod 13 of the existing multi-point displacement meter is in direct contact with the protection tube, and the frictional resistance between the two increases the loss of axial displacement transmission of the measuring rod 13. To reduce the frictional resistance, in this embodiment, a plurality of anti-friction rings are uniformly arranged along the axis of the measuring rod 13. The anti-friction rings can separate the measuring rod 13 and the protection tube, and at the same time, a lubricant is applied to the anti-friction rings, which can effectively reduce the frictional resistance. For example, an anti-friction ring can be set every 1 m on the measuring rod 13, and the surface material of the anti-friction ring can be Teflon. In practice, a thicker protection tube can also be selected to avoid excessive wear of the protection tube wall during installation in the ultra-long monitoring hole 8.

[0033] Meanwhile, to reduce the flexural deformation of the ultra-long measuring rod 13, in this embodiment, a plurality of support plates 17 are evenly arranged along the axial direction of the parallel protection tubes. A plurality of through holes are arranged at intervals on the support plate 17, and the plurality of protection tubes pass through the plurality of through holes in a one-to-one correspondence. The plurality of parallel protection tubes can be erected by using the evenly arranged plurality of support plates 17, avoiding bending deformation of the protection tubes and the measuring rod 13 inside the protection tubes, and isolating the plurality of protection tubes from each other. For example, the support plate 17 can be a porous disc, and a support plate 17 can be arranged every 1 m on the measuring rod 13.

[0034] Furthermore, the material of the measuring rod 13 can be glass fiber or carbon fiber.

[0035] The material of the measuring rod 13 of the existing multi-point displacement meter is generally stainless steel. For ultra-deep monitoring holes 8 with a length greater than 100 meters, the measuring rod 13 of the existing multi-point displacement meter is prone to bending deformation in the hole due to its own weight after installation, resulting in distorted measurement data. To reduce the self-weight of the measuring rod 13, glass fiber or carbon fiber materials with a relatively lower density than stainless steel can be selected. Since the glass fiber rod is heavier than the carbon fiber rod of the same specification, and the carbon fiber material has a small density, light weight, and a tensile strength much greater than that of the glass fiber material, for ultra-deep monitoring holes 8 with a length greater than 100 meters, a carbon fiber rod should be selected as the measuring rod 13 of the multi-point displacement meter to enhance the rigidity of the measuring rod 13 and reduce the weight of the measuring rod 13, thereby reducing the transmitted bending loss. For example, a carbon fiber rod with a diameter of 8 mm can be selected as the measuring rod 13 of the multi-point displacement meter.

[0036] Furthermore, the first monitoring unit may further include: Multi-claw anchor heads 12, which are arranged on the measuring ends of the plurality of measuring rods 13 in a one-to-one correspondence; the number of claws of the multi-claw anchor heads 12 is at least three.

[0037] The anchor heads of the existing multi-point displacement meters generally use grouting anchor heads made of deformed steel bars. However, for ultra-deep monitoring holes 8, the fixing strength of the grouting anchor heads made of deformed steel bars is weak. Therefore, in this embodiment, multi-claw anchor heads 12 are used and grouting is supplemented to firmly fix the measuring rod 13 and the sensor to the hole wall at the bottom 11 of the monitoring hole 8. For example, the multi-claw anchor head 12 can be a three-claw metal hydraulic anchor head.

[0038] Specifically, the second monitoring module may include: A flexible inclinometer, which is arranged in the monitoring hole 8 and is used to monitor the normal deformation of the monitoring hole 8.

[0039] Specifically, the flexible inclinometer includes a plurality of flexible joints 18 connected in series, and a first protective tube 19 is sleeved on the plurality of flexible joints.

[0040] Specifically, the normal direction of the monitoring hole 8 is the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the monitoring hole 8. The flexible inclinometer can measure the inclination change of the monitoring hole 8, and the inclination change is the normal deformation. According to the normal deformation and the relevant parameters of the rock mass, the displacements of the monitoring hole 8 in multiple directions can be calculated, so as to realize the deformation monitoring of the monitoring hole 8.

[0041] Specifically, as Figure 4 shown, the first monitoring module may further include a second monitoring module.

[0042] To simultaneously monitor the axial deformation and the normal deformation of the monitoring hole 8 with α < 30°, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned first monitoring unit and the above-mentioned second monitoring module may be simultaneously arranged in the monitoring hole 8 with α < 30°.

[0043] Specifically, the first monitoring unit and the second monitoring module may be arranged in parallel in the monitoring hole 8 with α < 30°. The multiple measuring rods 13 of the first monitoring unit may be arranged along the circumference of the second monitoring module. The first monitoring unit and the second monitoring module may be tied and connected with stainless steel tie straps. Exemplarily, up to nine measuring rods 13 may be arranged along the circumference of the second monitoring module.

[0044] Specifically, as Figure 5 shown, the third monitoring unit may include: A magnetic displacement meter 27, arranged in the monitoring hole 8 for monitoring the axial deformation of the monitoring hole 8; Multiple inclinometer rods 22, arranged in the monitoring hole 8 for monitoring the normal deformation of the monitoring hole 8; the magnetic displacement meter 27 and the multiple inclinometer rods 22 are connected in series. Specifically, in this embodiment, the magnetic displacement meter 27 and the inclinometer rods 22 are connected in series through a connecting member 24 and a pulley assembly 23. A second protective tube 28 is sleeved on the magnetic displacement meter 27 and the inclinometer rods 22, and an electromagnetic settlement ring 26 is sleeved on the second protective tube 28 and corresponds to the position of the magnetic displacement meter 27. In practice, a spindle-shaped conical spring may be arranged outside the second protective tube 28 to reduce the friction between the protective tube 28 and the hole wall when the protective tube 28 is pushed into the monitoring hole 8.

[0045] In practice, since the installation inclination of the multi-point displacement meter is generally within 30°, for the monitoring hole 8 with α < 30°, in this embodiment, the first monitoring unit may be separately arranged in the hole to monitor the axial deformation, or the first monitoring unit and the second monitoring module may be simultaneously arranged in the hole to simultaneously monitor the axial deformation and the normal deformation, and then the displacements of the monitoring hole 8 in multiple directions can be obtained through calculation.

[0046] For the monitoring hole 8 with 30° ≤ α < 60°, in this embodiment, the second monitoring module may be arranged in the hole to monitor the normal deformation, and then the displacements of the monitoring hole 8 in multiple directions can be obtained through calculation.

[0047] For the monitoring hole 8 with 60°≤α<90°, in this embodiment, a third monitoring module can be arranged in the hole to simultaneously monitor the axial deformation and the normal deformation, and then the displacements of the monitoring hole 8 in multiple directions can be obtained through calculation.

[0048] By arranging multiple monitoring holes 8 with different dip angles in a three-dimensional radial distribution inside the slope, the deformation physical quantities of different depths and different directions of the slope can be obtained.

[0049] When installing the first monitoring module, the second monitoring module and the third monitoring module, the grouting pipe 14 and the exhaust pipe 15 should be reasonably arranged in the monitoring hole 8. After each module is placed into the monitoring hole 8, the voids in the monitoring hole 8 are grouted and backfilled by using the grouting pipe 14 and the exhaust pipe 15, so as to firmly fix each module in the monitoring hole 8.

[0050] Specifically, when α<30°, the monitoring hole 8 can be a variable-diameter hole.

[0051] In practice, the aperture of the monitoring hole 8 required for installing the multi-point displacement meter is usually large. The greater the depth of the large-aperture drilling, the greater the drilling difficulty. To reduce the depth of the large-aperture drilling, the monitoring hole 8 for installing the multi-point displacement meter can adopt a variable-diameter hole. The aperture of the bottom 11 of the variable-diameter hole is the smallest, and the aperture of the hole mouth 10 is the largest. The aperture from the bottom 11 to the hole mouth 10 can be continuously variable-diameter and gradually increased according to the number or model of the measuring rods 13, and the aperture of each level can be determined according to the number or model of the measuring rods 13 of the multi-point displacement meter.

[0052] For example, as Figure 3 shown, assuming the depth of the monitoring hole 8 is L and the number of the measuring rods 13 of the multi-point displacement meter is n, then: When n≤3, the monitoring hole 8 can be a drilling with a uniform diameter, and the aperture is d1, and d1 can be taken as 90mm. At most three measuring rods 13 can be installed in the drilling with a uniform diameter.

[0053] When 3<n≤6, the monitoring hole 8 can be a variable-diameter hole, and the diameter can be changed at L / 2 of the hole depth and 0.5m away from the hole mouth 10. The effective aperture from the bottom 11 to L / 2 of the hole depth is d1, the effective aperture from L / 2 of the hole depth to 0.5m of the hole depth is d2, and the effective aperture from 0.5m of the hole depth to the hole mouth 10 is d0. One end of the multi-point displacement meter far from the measuring end is installed at 0.5m away from the hole mouth 10. d1 can be taken as 90mm, d2 can be taken as 110mm, and d0 can be taken as 200mm.

[0054] When 6 < n ≤ 9, the monitoring hole 8 can be a stepped hole, and the diameter can be changed at the depths of 2L / 3, L / 3, and 100.5 m from the hole opening. The effective aperture from the hole bottom 11 to the depth of 2L / 3 is d1, the effective aperture from the depth of 2L / 3 to the depth of L / 3 is d2, the effective aperture from the depth of L / 3 to the depth of 0.5 m is d3, and the effective aperture from the depth of 0.5 m to the hole opening 10 is d0. d1 can be taken as 90 mm, d2 can be taken as 110 mm, d3 can be taken as 150 mm, and d0 can be taken as 200 mm.

[0055] When 9 < n ≤ 12, the monitoring hole 8 can be a stepped hole, and the diameter can be changed at the depths of 3L / 4, L / 2, L / 4, and 100.5 m from the hole opening. The effective aperture from the hole bottom 11 to the depth of 3L / 4 is d1, the effective aperture from the depth of 3L / 4 to the depth of L / 2 is d2, the effective aperture from the depth of L / 2 to the depth of L / 4 is d3, the effective aperture from the depth of L / 4 to the depth of 0.5 m is d4, and the effective aperture from the depth of 0.5 m to the hole opening 10 is d0. d1 can be taken as 90 mm, d2 can be taken as 110 mm, d3 can be taken as 150 mm, d4 can be taken as 180 mm, and d0 can be taken as 200 mm. And so on.

[0056] Partition plates 16 should be installed at the stepped hole's various aperture levels to isolate the backfill media at each aperture level, ensure the relative independence of the measuring ends of the measuring rods 13 located at each aperture level, and avoid interference between the measuring ends in different apertures.

[0057] Specifically, as Figure 4 shown, the system can also include: A piezometer 35, buried at the hole bottom 11 of the monitoring hole 8, for monitoring the water level at the bottom of the monitoring hole 8.

[0058] In this embodiment, according to the distribution of groundwater, a piezometer 35 is installed at the hole bottom 11 of the monitoring hole 8 where groundwater monitoring conditions are available, which can monitor the change of the groundwater level of the slope and is conducive to obtaining more comprehensive slope information.

[0059] Specifically, as Figure 6 shown, the system can also include: An in - tunnel monitoring module, arranged in the geological exploration tunnel 7, for monitoring the deformation information of the geological exploration tunnel 7.

[0060] In this embodiment, static level gauges 30 and precise leveling measurement points 29 are arranged in groups along the axis of the geological exploration tunnel 7 to monitor the vertical displacement of the bottom wall of the geological exploration tunnel 7. The precise leveling working base point 33 is set at the stable bedrock outside the deformation critical surface 6 at the deepest part of the geological exploration tunnel 7. At the same time, displacement gauges 31 and wire measurement points 32 can be arranged in the geological exploration tunnel 7 to monitor the horizontal displacement of the bottom wall of the geological exploration tunnel 7. The entrance of the geological exploration tunnel 7 is located in the stable area of the slope surface 1, and surface deformation measurement points 34 of the entrance can be arranged in this stable area. The surface deformation measurement points 34 of the entrance are calibrated by the external deformation monitoring control network. At the same time, the surface deformation measurement points 34 of the entrance can be used as the working base points for horizontal displacement measurement points such as displacement gauges 31 and wire measurement points 32.

[0061] The static level gauges 30 and displacement gauges 31 can achieve automatic observation. The precise leveling measurement points 29 and wire measurement points 32 adopt manual measurement methods to calibrate the accuracy of the electrical measurement equipment. At the same time, the traverse survey can obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement points.

[0062] In this embodiment, by opening a plurality of monitoring holes 8 extending towards the slope surface in the geological exploration tunnel 7 located in the stable area of the slope and setting up in-hole monitoring modules, the deformation monitoring of the slope is realized, solving the problem of difficult hole formation when drilling in the broken rock mass on the surface layer of the slope, and improving the stability and accuracy of monitoring. At the same time, by improving the multi-point displacement gauge, the influence of external force factors on the monitoring instrument can be reduced or eliminated, and the monitoring performance of the monitoring instrument can be enhanced. By combining multiple monitoring instruments to form different monitoring modules, the monitoring modules can perform deformation monitoring on the monitoring holes 8 with different inclination angles, so as to obtain the deformation information of multiple positions with different angles and different depths inside the slope, realizing the all-round monitoring of the slope.

[0063] The above are only several embodiments of the present application and do not impose any form of limitation on the present application. Although the present application is disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present application. Any person skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application, making some changes or modifications using the technical content disclosed above is equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and all belong to the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A deformation monitoring system for a surface broken rock slope, characterized in that, The system includes: A geological exploration hole, the hole opening is located in a stable area on the surface of the slope, and the bottom of the hole penetrates the deformation critical surface inside the slope; the surface rock quality of the stable area meets the preset conditions; A plurality of monitoring holes, distributed at different positions along the axis of the geological exploration hole, the hole openings penetrate the bottom wall of the geological exploration hole, and the bottom of the hole is located at different positions between the deformation critical surface and the internal fragmentation zone of the slope and extends towards the surface of the slope; at least two of the plurality of monitoring holes have different inclination angles α; A plurality of in-hole monitoring modules, which are correspondingly arranged in the plurality of monitoring holes; the in-hole monitoring modules are used to monitor the axial deformation and / or normal deformation of the corresponding monitoring holes.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein When α < 30°, the in-hole monitoring module corresponding to the monitoring hole is denoted as the first monitoring module; When 30° ≤ α < 60°, the in-hole monitoring module corresponding to the monitoring hole is denoted as the second monitoring module; When 60° ≤ α < 90°, the in-hole monitoring module corresponding to the monitoring hole is denoted as the third monitoring module.

3. The system according to claim 2, wherein The first monitoring module includes a first monitoring unit; the first monitoring unit includes: A multi-point displacement meter, arranged in the monitoring hole, for monitoring the axial deformation of the monitoring hole; the multi-point displacement meter has a plurality of measuring rods, and a protective tube is sleeved on the measuring rods; A plurality of anti-friction rings, sleeved at different positions along the axis of the measuring rod and located between the measuring rod and the protective tube, for defining the relative position between the measuring rod and the protective tube; A plurality of support plates, sleeved at different positions along the axis of the protective tube, for defining the relative position of the plurality of protective tubes.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein The second monitoring module includes: A flexible inclinometer, arranged in the monitoring hole, for monitoring the normal deformation of the monitoring hole.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first monitoring module further includes the second monitoring module.

6. The system according to claim 2, wherein The third monitoring unit includes: A magnetic displacement meter, arranged in the monitoring hole, for monitoring the axial deformation of the monitoring hole; A plurality of inclinometer rods, arranged in the monitoring hole, for monitoring the normal deformation of the monitoring hole; the magnetic displacement meter and the plurality of inclinometer rods are connected in series.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein The system further includes: An in-hole monitoring module, arranged in the geological exploration hole, for monitoring the deformation information of the geological exploration hole.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The system further includes: A piezometer, buried at the bottom of the monitoring hole, for monitoring the water level at the bottom of the hole.

9. The system according to claim 2, wherein When α < 30°, the monitoring hole is a variable-diameter hole.

10. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The material of the measuring rod is glass fiber or carbon fiber.

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