Sampling device and sampling method for geological survey

Abstract

The invention discloses a sampling device and a sampling method for geological survey, and belongs to the technical field of geological survey, the sampling device comprises a drill rod and a sampling barrel, the lower end of the sampling barrel is provided with a supporting plate, and the upper end of the sampling barrel is connected with a connecting seat fixed in the drill rod through a telescopic module; the outer end of the supporting plate is rotatably connected to the sampling barrel through a rotating shaft, and the supporting plate is provided with a linkage module; the device further comprises an evaporation refrigeration module arranged between the drill rod and the sampling barrel, and a refrigeration coil pipe is arranged in the evaporation refrigeration module. According to the sampling method, sampling for geological survey is completed based on the sampling device. Based on the scheme, in the geological survey sampling process, sampling personnel can select the sampling constraint mode according to the current geological condition so as to reasonably configure the sampling efficiency and the sampling reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological surveying, and particularly to a sampling device and a sampling method for geological surveying. Background Art

[0002] In the geological environment, the presence of pollutants can affect groundwater, soil, etc. Therefore, during geological surveying, especially when it comes to hydrogeological and environmental geological surveys, the measurement of pollutants is usually included.

[0003] Specifically, in hydrogeological exploration, the pollution status of groundwater is investigated, including water quality analysis, determination of pollutant types and concentrations, etc. In the assessment and treatment of environmental geological pollution, various technical means are also used to detect and evaluate the distribution and impact of pollutants, including but not limited to geological surveying means, based on soil pollution detection methods, physical exploration methods, chemical analysis methods, biological monitoring techniques, etc., to identify the presence, distribution, and impact of pollutants in the geological environment. Soil pollution detection is one of the important means for detecting pollution in geological surveying. After collecting soil samples, it analyzes the pollutant concentration through experiments to achieve the purpose of understanding the degree and scope of soil pollution. The specific detection items of soil pollution usually include the determination of inorganic pollutants (such as heavy metals) and organic pollutants (such as pesticides, petroleum). The detection results can help identify the specific types and sources of geological pollution, help formulate plans and treatment measures, etc. Therefore, geological surveying includes the measurement of pollutants, and can comprehensively understand the state and potential problems of the geological environment according to specific needs and purposes.

[0004] In the prior art, in order to achieve the purpose of geological surveying in loose strata, a special sampling cylinder is needed to complete the sampling operation. Specifically, in the patent document with the patent application number CN201510238072.4, a sampler including an opening and closing petal structure is provided, which uses the elastic force of the petal elastic sheet to overcome the weight of the sample and prevent the sample from slipping, ensuring the success of sampling; in the patent document with the patent application number CN202323241225.X, a sampling device including a clamping cylinder is provided, which uses the upper clamping plates on the clamping cylinder to approach each other under the action of the control component, so that the sample remains in close contact with the clamping plates, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the risk of sample dropping and improving the sampling success rate.

[0005] To facilitate the completion of sampling for geological surveying in loose strata, it is necessary to further optimize the relevant sampling devices and sampling methods. Summary of the Invention

[0006] For the optimization problem of sampling devices and sampling methods for geological survey sampling in loose strata, the present invention provides a sampling device and a sampling method for geological survey. Based on this solution, during the geological survey sampling process, sampling personnel can select sampling constraint methods according to the current geological conditions to reasonably allocate sampling efficiency and sampling reliability.

[0007] To solve the above problems, a sampling device and a sampling method for geological survey provided by the present invention solve the problems through the following technical key points: A sampling device for geological survey includes a drill pipe and a sampling cylinder. The sampling cylinder is arranged inside the lower end of the drill pipe. A support plate for preventing the sample from falling out of the sampling cylinder is arranged at the lower end of the sampling cylinder. The upper end of the sampling cylinder is connected to a connection seat fixed in the drill pipe through a telescopic module, and the telescopic module can elastically expand and contract in the axial direction of the drill pipe. The outer end of the support plate is rotatably connected to the sampling cylinder through a rotating shaft. The support plate is configured with a linkage module, and the linkage module is used to achieve: when the sampling cylinder slides upward along the axial direction of the drill pipe relative to the drill pipe, the drill pipe acts on the support plate through the linkage module, and the linkage module drives the support plate to flip around the rotating shaft and flips to make the inner end of the support plate flip upward; when the sampling cylinder slides downward along the axial direction of the drill pipe relative to the drill pipe, the drill pipe acts on the support plate through the linkage module, and the linkage module drives the support plate to flip around the rotating shaft and flips to make the inner end of the support plate flip downward. It also includes an evaporation refrigeration module arranged between the drill pipe and the sampling cylinder, and a refrigeration coil is arranged in the evaporation refrigeration module.

[0008] In the prior art, soil pollution detection by taking samples from the soil is an important part of geological surveys. The methods for taking samples using the corresponding sampling devices include: the sampling cylinder is lowered along with the drill rod. When the sampling cylinder reaches the depth for obtaining samples, the soil sample retained in the sampling cylinder is used as the sample, and this sample is subsequently used for experimental purposes. For loose strata with high water content, in order to ensure the success rate of retaining samples in the sampling cylinder, the prior art includes a technical solution of using elastic sheets to support sampling to help the sampling cylinder constrain the samples. However, in the specific application of such a solution, the deformation of the elastic sheet completely depends on the thrust of the soil on it, which results in a relatively large sampling resistance of the sampling cylinder during the sampling process. At the same time, under the influence of the specific thrust, the deformation of the elastic sheet has a certain randomness, easily forming a large-area drop channel at the bottom of the sampling cylinder. For technical solutions that can provide boundary constraints for sampling, the prior art also includes a technical solution of using a sampling box. The structure of such sampling devices is relatively complex, increasing the difficulty of the drill bit descending during the sampling process. At the same time, for geological formations with high water content characteristics, in order to ensure the sampling success rate, the prior art also discloses a technical solution of freezing the sample and then pulling out the sampling cylinder. Specifically, such as the solution provided by the patent document with the application number CN202011078558.3. In this solution, liquid nitrogen is injected into the freezing channel to achieve the freezing purpose. During the application of this solution, due to the low temperature of liquid nitrogen, the use of liquid nitrogen has a great impact on the service life and performance of the components in the area affected by liquid nitrogen.

[0009] Based on the above, the present solution provides a sampling device and a sampling method for geological measurement sampling in loose strata. When the above sampling device is specifically used, the inner side of the sampling cylinder serves as a space for accommodating samples. Specifically, the sampling cylinder is lowered along with the drill pipe. When the sampling cylinder is lowered to the depth of the formation required for sampling, the sampling for geological measurement purposes is completed using the sampling cylinder. Different from the prior art, in this sampling device, a telescopic module is used to elastically connect the sampling cylinder to the bottom of the drill pipe. In this way, during the lowering process of the drill pipe, the telescopic module allows the sampling cylinder to displace (move upward) relative to the drill pipe in the axial direction of the drill pipe. When geological materials such as mud samples, sand samples, cement mixed samples, and water-sand mixed samples enter the sampling cylinder from the bottom of the sampling cylinder, the acting forces of these geological materials on the inner wall of the sampling cylinder and on the support plate cause the telescopic module to be compressed, and the sampling cylinder slides upward relative to the drill pipe. During this process, through the linkage module, the inner end of the support plate is flipped upward. In this way, the area of the support plate that hinders the sample injection into the sampling cylinder is reduced, and the corresponding injection resistance is reduced, enabling the sampling cylinder to smoothly inject samples. When the drill pipe is lifted, the drill pipe loses the downward pressure, and the geological structure below the sampling cylinder loses the support provided for it. At this time, the sampling cylinder drops, and the sampling cylinder slides downward relative to the drill pipe. During this process, through the linkage module, the inner end of the support plate is flipped downward. In this way, the area of the support plate that hinders the sample extraction from the sampling cylinder is increased, and the corresponding extraction resistance is increased, enabling the support plate to provide an anti-falling constraint for sampling.

[0010] Furthermore, for geological samples with clear water, mud, or mortar, to prevent the geological samples from flowing out during the process of lifting the drill pipe, if only the support plates are used to block the flow channel, it is required that there is no obvious leakage channel between the support plates during the process of lifting the drill pipe. For example, the support plates are set to have two or more pieces, and each single support plate is in the shape of a door panel (semicircular or petal-shaped are both acceptable). When the inner ends of the support plates are flipped downward, the support plates can be spliced into a sealing plate located at the lower end of the sampling cylinder (the sealing plate is composed of the flipped support plates). Due to the presence of solid particle impurities in the geological samples, when solid particle impurities are stuck between the support plates, the support plates cannot be flipped in place, that is, there is still a channel that can cause the geological samples to flow out between the support plates. In this solution, by setting it to include the evaporation refrigeration module, in specific applications, when the current geological structure requires the use of the evaporation refrigeration module, the compressed and liquefied refrigerant is introduced into the refrigeration coil. The refrigerant changes from a liquid phase to a gas phase in the refrigeration coil and absorbs heat from the surrounding environment, and freezes the sample in the sampling cylinder during the heat absorption process, achieving the purpose of solidifying the sample in the sampling cylinder. In this way, during the process of lifting the drill pipe, using the supporting force provided by the support plates for the frozen sample, the sample is retained in the sampling cylinder, ensuring the sampling success rate. On the one hand, for geological structures that do not require freezing and solidification, the sampling personnel can choose to lift the drill pipe immediately after it is inserted in place, and use the bottom support effect of the flipped support plates on the sample to achieve the purpose of successfully sampling the sampling cylinder. This way does not require waiting for the freezing and solidification time and does not need to configure a refrigerant compressor on the ground, etc. The sampling process is simple and efficient. On the other hand, for applications where the sampling target is a fluid geological structure, after configuring a refrigerant system including a refrigerant compressor and a cooler, by freezing the sample before lifting the drill pipe and further cooperating with the support plates, the sample in the sampling cylinder can be successfully taken out of the sampling cylinder after undergoing a certain solidification phase change, achieving the purpose of ensuring the sampling success rate.

[0011] In summary, during the geological measurement and sampling process, the sampling personnel can, according to the current geological conditions, choose a sampling constraint method suitable for the current operation from the methods of only using the support plates to retain the sample in the sampling cylinder and using both the support plates and the evaporation refrigeration module to retain the sample in the sampling cylinder. The former has the characteristics of a simple supporting system, simple operation, and high sampling efficiency, and the latter is used to adapt to fluid geological samples and can effectively ensure the sampling success rate. Therefore, in specific applications, this solution has the characteristics of being able to reasonably configure the sampling efficiency and sampling reliability.

[0012] Different from the deformation of the support plate under the direct action of the geological structure, in this solution, by adopting a telescopic module and a linkage module, the support plate is forced to swing during the sliding of the sampling cylinder relative to the drill pipe. Specifically, when the sampling cylinder slides upward relative to the drill pipe, the support plate swings outward to reduce the sampling resistance of the sampling cylinder; when the sampling cylinder slides downward relative to the drill pipe, the support plate swings inward to increase the sampling resistance of the sampling cylinder. Therefore, the flipping angle of the support plate is determined by the sliding distance of the sampling cylinder relative to the drill pipe. During the sampling process of the sampling cylinder, the telescopic module can be compressed by controlling the downward pressure of the drill pipe. During the process of lifting the drill pipe, the elastic restoring force of the telescopic module and the gravity of the sampling cylinder and other components can be used to force the telescopic module to rebound. The above process can not only make the support plate flip reliably, but also does not require other structures to assist the movement of the sampling cylinder relative to the drill pipe. Therefore, this solution also has the characteristics that the sampling resistance during the sampling process of the sampling cylinder is controllable, and the bottom support function of the support plate for sampling is controllable during the process of lifting the drill pipe. At the same time, the power for the inward flipping of the support plate comes from the sliding of the sampling cylinder. Therefore, during the process of lifting the drill pipe, the support plate is forced to flip inward, and the adhesion of the geological structures on the upper and lower sides of the support plate is broken by using the thrust of the support plate on the geological structure below it, improving the sampling success rate.

[0013] The above evaporation refrigeration module is the evaporator. Different from setting a liquid nitrogen flow channel, this sampling device has small temperature stress during the service cycle, a small influence area of temperature stress, and avoids using liquid nitrogen with certain danger, which can effectively guarantee the mechanical properties and service life of each component of this sampling device; different from only using the evaporation refrigeration module to complete the sampling anti-fall and anti-outflow constraints in the way of freezing sampling, during the process of lifting the drill bit, since the support plate can play a bottom support function for sampling, the requirements for the freezing and curing degree of sampling and the requirements for the evaporation refrigeration module can be reduced, achieving the purpose of shortening the time required for freezing and curing.

[0014] In specific use, for fluid-like geological samples, after the sampling cylinder is inserted in place, the drill pipe can be lifted first to reduce or eliminate the pressure of the drill pipe on the sampling cylinder, the telescopic module rebounds, so that the relative movement between the sampling cylinder and the drill pipe occurs, and under the action of the linkage module, the support plate flips inward to increase the resistance of the support plate to sampling, and then the sampling in the sampling cylinder can be solidified by the evaporation refrigeration module. Such a method can effectively guarantee the contribution of the support plate to the constrained sampling.

[0015] In a specific embodiment, the telescopic module includes a top cover, a telescopic spring and a bottom cover; The upper end of the telescopic spring is embedded in the top cover and fixedly connected to the end plate of the top cover; The lower end of the telescopic spring is embedded in the bottom cover and fixedly connected to the end plate of the bottom cover; The top cover is fixedly connected to the connecting seat, and the bottom cover is fixedly connected to the top of the sampling cylinder; On the outer side wall of the top cover, there are key teeth extending along the axis direction of the top cover, and on the inner side wall of the bottom cover, there are key grooves matching with the key teeth.

[0016] The above solution provides a specific implementation of the telescopic module, specifically: the top cover and the bottom cover form a plug-in outer cylinder of the telescopic module to utilize the rigidity of the top cover and the bottom cover to prevent the sampling cylinder from yawing relative to the drill pipe during the sampling process. The above telescopic spring is a helical spring to enable the top cover and the bottom cover to relatively slide and establish a connection relationship for suspending the sampling cylinder on the connecting seat. The above key teeth and key grooves are used to transmit torque to enable the sampling cylinder to rotate synchronously with the drill pipe during the downward probing process of the drill pipe, improving the ability of the sampling device to probe underground. In specific applications, since there are moving parts on the telescopic module, to facilitate the maintenance of the telescopic module, the bottom cover is welded to the sampling cylinder, the top cover is bolted or threaded to the connecting seat. The upper end of the telescopic spring is fixedly connected to the end plate of the top cover through a spring seat, and the upper end of the telescopic spring is fixedly connected to the end plate of the bottom cover through a spring seat. To better protect the evaporation cooling module between the drill pipe and the sampling cylinder, the lower end of the top cover is in the shape of a spline shaft, and the hole in the upper end of the bottom cover is a spline shaft hole to ensure the matching accuracy between the top cover and the bottom cover.

[0017] In a specific embodiment, the linkage module includes a gear and a toothed plate. The toothed plate is arranged on the drill pipe. The toothed plate has multiple racks arranged at intervals along the axis direction of the drill pipe. The gear is rotatably connected to the sampling cylinder through a rotating shaft, and the gear meshes with the teeth of the toothed plate; the support plate is fixedly connected to the gear.

[0018] The above solution provides a specific implementation of the linkage module, specifically: the tooth meshing relationship established between the gear and the toothed plate forces the gear to rotate around the rotating shaft when the sampling cylinder moves relative to the drill pipe, so that the support plate fixed on the gear can be forced to swing around the rotating shaft, achieving the purpose of changing the shape of the support plate in the sampling cylinder. Different from the technical solutions such as setting a ball head at the outer end of the support plate, setting a ball head seat on the inner wall of the drill pipe, and the support plate forming a cooperation relationship with the rotating shaft through a strip-shaped hole (the ball head is rotatably fitted in the ball head seat, the rotating shaft is fixed at a specific position of the sampling cylinder, the rotating shaft passes through the support plate through the strip-shaped hole extending along the length direction of the support plate, and during the up and down sliding of the sampling cylinder relative to the drill pipe, the ball head flips in the ball head seat and the rotating shaft slides in the strip-shaped hole), the above structural form including the gear and the toothed plate, on the premise of simple structure, can not only enable the support plate to have a swing amplitude of 90°, so that the support plate can swing perpendicular to the axis of the sampling cylinder and parallel to the axis of the sampling cylinder, but also the main wear positions are concentrated on the surface of the rack, the surface of the gear teeth, and the position where the rotating shaft provides a rotating pair. Therefore, this solution can effectively ensure its reliability.

[0019] In a specific embodiment, the linkage module is configured as an elastic support structure located between the sampling barrel and the drill rod, specifically: the outer end of the support plate extends to the outside of the sampling barrel and forms a support platform for supporting the lower end of the elastic support structure, the upper end of the elastic support structure is supported on the step surface of the drill rod, and a torsion spring is provided between the rotating shaft and the sampling barrel, and the torsion spring is used to make the rotation of the rotating shaft a damped rotation. When the sampling barrel slides relative to the drill rod, the elastic support structure changes the amount of compression, changes the pressure on the support platform, and thus cooperates with the torsion spring to achieve the purpose of adjusting the flipping angle of the support plate. Compared with the above implementation form using gears and toothed plates, the support plate has a large outward turning assist, and it is not easy for the support plate to be flipped to a state perpendicular to the axis of the sampling barrel or parallel to the axis of the sampling barrel.

[0020] In a specific embodiment, a mounting hole is provided on the side wall of the drill rod, and the mounting hole is configured as follows: the tooth plate is mounted on the drill rod from the outside of the drill rod through the mounting hole and the connecting screws; There are multiple support plates, each of which is equipped with a linkage module. The support plates are arranged at the same axial position of the sampling barrel, and the support plates are arranged evenly in the circumferential direction of the sampling barrel.

[0021] The above scheme provides a specific installation method of the tooth plate, which can be specifically used as follows: after completing the assembly of the sampling tube in the drill rod, the tooth plate is embedded into the installation hole from the outside to the inside and matched to mesh with the gear teeth, and then the tooth plate is locked to the drill rod by connecting screws. A further installation method is: after the sampling tube is suspended on the connecting seat, the gear is turned so that the support plate is perpendicular to the axis of the sampling tube, and then the tooth plate is embedded in the installation hole and a tooth meshing relationship is established (it may cause the gear to rotate slightly but it does not affect the use), and then the tooth plate is locked with the connecting screws. This scheme is not only easy to assemble, but also the tooth plate is a separate part from the drill rod. After it is worn and cannot mesh with the gear normally, it is convenient to repair and replace the tooth plate.

[0022] The above scheme provides a specific setting method of a support plate, and multiple support plates can provide support for the sampling bottom at multiple positions on the bottom surface of the sampling tube to optimize the ability of the support plate to constrain sampling; because the support plate can be reliably flipped under the action of the linkage module, it is preferably set to be a petal-shaped support plate so that the sealing plate can be formed after the support plate is flipped, thereby expanding the applicable occasions of the sampling device under the action of the support plate alone.

[0023] In a specific embodiment, it also includes a mechanical limit device arranged on the rotating shaft, gear or toothed plate, and the mechanical limit device is used to limit the terminal position of the downward movement of the sampling tube relative to the drill rod; When the sampling tube is located at the end position, the support plate is perpendicular to the axis of the sampling tube; When the sampling cylinder is suspended on the connecting seat through the telescopic module, the gravity of the sampling cylinder and the pulling force provided by the telescopic module to the sampling cylinder satisfy that the sampling cylinder can move to the end position; The gear and the toothed plate are configured such that when the sampling cylinder moves upward relative to the drill pipe, the support plate can rotate with the gear to be parallel to the axis of the sampling cylinder while maintaining the state of tooth engagement.

[0024] The above solution provides a way to limit the end position of the downward movement of the sampling cylinder relative to the drill pipe by using a mechanical limiting device, which is used to prevent the support plate from further swinging after rotating to be perpendicular to the axis of the sampling cylinder, resulting in a weakened constraint ability for sampling. That is, when the mechanical limiting device takes effect, the further movement of the locking gear along the toothed plate is locked to achieve the limiting purpose. The specific implementation method can be to set locking teeth on the outer periphery of the gear or the bottom side of the toothed plate. The locking teeth prevent the gear from further moving downward relative to the toothed plate by not participating in the normal tooth engagement between the gear and the toothed plate. For the implementation method where the rotating shaft is fixed to the gear, the mechanical limiting device can be a locking convex on the side of the rotating shaft. When the locking convex rotates with the rotating shaft to contact the positioning surface on the sampling cylinder, the gear is restricted from further rotating, thereby realizing the state locking of the support plate. The above configuration method of the gear and the toothed plate is that the teeth on the gear and the racks on the toothed plate allow the gear to rotate at least 90°, so that the support plate can be switched between being perpendicular to the axis of the sampling cylinder and being parallel to the axis of the sampling cylinder.

[0025] In a specific embodiment, it further includes a communicating pipe connected to the side surface of the top of the sampling cylinder. The communicating pipe is threadedly connected to the side wall of the sampling cylinder and is communicated with the inner space of the sampling cylinder; It further includes an avoidance hole provided on the drill pipe. The avoidance hole is a strip-shaped hole, which is used to provide a movement space for the communicating pipe during the movement of the communicating pipe with the sampling cylinder relative to the drill pipe.

[0026] In the above solution, the communicating pipe is used to equalize the pressure inside the sampling cylinder during the sampling process of the sampling cylinder, that is: during the sampling process at the bottom of the sampling cylinder, the communicating pipe functions as a top emptying function, and at the same time, the sample discharged from the top of the sampling cylinder is discharged to the outside of the sampling device through the avoidance hole to facilitate the cleaning work of the sampling device. The threaded connection is used to achieve: after the sampling cylinder is assembled in the drill pipe, the installation of the communicating pipe is completed from the outside of the drill pipe. The avoidance hole is to allow the communicating pipe to move with a certain stroke relative to the drill pipe along with the sampling cylinder.

[0027] In a specific embodiment, the drill pipe includes a first drill pipe, a second drill pipe, and a conical cylinder arranged in sequence from top to bottom; The lower end of the first drill pipe is threadedly connected to the upper end of the second drill pipe, and the connecting seat is arranged at the lower end of the first drill pipe; The second drill pipe is a cylindrical structure with a constant diameter. The evaporation cooling module is fixed on the sampling cylinder and is located in the space between the second drill pipe and the sampling cylinder; The conical cylinder is a conical cylinder with a larger diameter at the upper end than at the lower end. The upper end of the conical cylinder is threadedly connected to the lower end of the second drill pipe; It further includes a sealing assembly in the gap between the drill pipe and the sampling cylinder. The sealing assembly includes a lining ring fixed on the bottom side wall of the sampling cylinder and a plurality of O-rings arranged on the outer periphery of the lining ring. The outer side of the O-ring is in contact with the inner wall of the drill pipe.

[0028] The above provides a specific setting form of the drill pipe, that is, the drill pipe is a segmented structure. When assembling this structure, first separate the drill pipe, and then complete the connection between the sampling cylinder with the evaporation cooling module fixed and the first drill pipe. Then, complete the connection of the second drill pipe by sleeving the second drill pipe on the sampling cylinder. Then, complete the connection of the conical cylinder. The structural characteristics of this solution have at least the following effects: The processing of each component is convenient, and the assembly of each component is convenient; The drill pipe structure affected by the evaporation cooling module is the second drill pipe, which can be replaced separately, which is beneficial to controlling the use cost of this sampling device; The conical cylinder is not only beneficial to the downward exploration of the drill pipe, but also, after the sampling cylinder descends into the conical cylinder, there is a relatively narrow gap between the sampling cylinder and the drill pipe, which is beneficial to restricting the geological structure from entering this gap. The sealing assembly is used to further prevent the geological structure from entering the gap between the sampling cylinder and the drill pipe to protect the linkage module and evaporation cooling module in this solution. The support plate serves as the mounting seat for the O-ring. Using the O-ring to achieve axial sealing has the characteristic of small sliding resistance of the sampling cylinder, and multiple O-rings are used to ensure the axial sealing effect.

[0029] In a specific embodiment, a slide plate is configured for the communication pipe. The slide plate is fixedly connected to the communication pipe. There is a chute on the inner wall of the drill pipe. When the communication pipe moves relative to the drill pipe along with the sampling cylinder, the slide plate slides in the chute and always covers the avoidance hole to prevent the geological structure from entering the inside of the drill pipe through the avoidance hole.

[0030] In a specific embodiment, the evaporation cooling module includes a housing in a cylindrical structure. The side wall of the housing is a hollow structure. The refrigeration coil is a spiral coil wound in the hollow structure. It further includes a filling layer filled in the hollow structure. The filling layer is a heat-conducting material; The housing is sleeved on the sampling cylinder. Plate rings for limiting the housing on the axis of the sampling cylinder are configured at both the upper end and the lower end of the housing; It further includes a refrigerant inlet pipe connected to the medium inlet end of the refrigeration coil, and a refrigerant outlet pipe connected to the medium outlet end of the refrigeration coil.

[0031] The above solution provides a specific implementation of the evaporation refrigeration module, that is: the housing is the outer structure of the evaporation refrigeration module, used to form a cylindrical shape. The refrigeration coil is wound in the hollow structure where the housing has a hollow interlayer, and the filling layer is used to constrain the position of the refrigeration coil in the hollow structure and serve as a heat-conducting material. The plate ring is used to fix the housing on the outer wall of the sampling cylinder. The refrigerant inlet pipe above is used to introduce refrigerant into the refrigeration coil, and the refrigerant outlet pipe above is used to export the gasified / expanded and heat-absorbed refrigerant from the refrigeration coil. The evaporation refrigeration module provided by this solution is not only suitable for installation between the sampling cylinder and the drill pipe, but also has a compact and stable structure to avoid the influence of the rotation of the drill pipe on its reliability and ensure the stability of its performance.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, the refrigeration coil is arranged on one side of the hollow structure close to the inner side of the housing; A heat insulation pad is arranged in the gap between the outer wall of the housing and the drill pipe; The heat insulation pad includes a first inner lining fixed on the outer wall of the housing and a second inner lining fixed on the inner wall of the drill pipe. Both the first inner lining and the second inner lining are cylindrical structures, and the outer wall of the first inner side is in contact with the inner wall of the second inner side.

[0033] In the above solution, the refrigeration coil is arranged on one side of the hollow structure close to the inner side of the housing to reduce the thermal resistance between the sampling cylinder and the refrigeration coil. The heat insulation pad is used to protect the drill pipe and improve the utilization rate of the refrigerant. The first inner lining and the second inner lining provide a sliding contact structure when the sampling cylinder slides relative to the drill pipe, which can not only be used to constrain the position of the sampling cylinder in the radial direction of the drill pipe, protect the evaporation refrigeration module and ensure the reliability of the linkage module. At the same time, when there are abrasive particles between the evaporation refrigeration module and the drill pipe, the first inner lining and the second inner lining can be damaged (wear is more likely to occur on the first inner lining and the second inner lining) to protect the main structure of this solution (drill pipe, housing).

[0034] In a specific embodiment, both the first inner lining and the second inner lining are plastic cylinders, such as plastic cylinders made of polytetrafluoroethylene material with good lubrication performance, to reduce the resistance of the sampling cylinder moving relative to the drill pipe.

[0035] This solution also relates to a sampling method for geological survey, which is implemented based on the sampling device described in any one of the above; In this method, the sampling cylinder is lowered along with the drill pipe, and when the sampling cylinder reaches the formation depth required for sampling, the sampling cylinder is used to complete the sampling for geological survey purposes; During the process of the sampling cylinder being lowered along with the drill pipe, according to the soil looseness or dryness / wetness of the formation above the depth required for sampling, choose to use the support plate to retain the sampling in the sampling cylinder or use the support plate and the evaporation refrigeration module to retain the sampling in the sampling cylinder; When sampling by retaining the sample in the sampling cylinder with the support plate selected, during the process of lifting the drill pipe, the support force provided by the support plate for sampling is utilized to retain the sample in the sampling cylinder. When sampling by retaining the sample in the sampling cylinder with both the support plate and the evaporation refrigeration module selected, after the sampling cylinder is lowered to the sampling depth, refrigerant is introduced into the refrigeration coil. The refrigerant changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase in the refrigeration coil and absorbs heat from the surrounding environment, and freezes the sample in the sampling cylinder during the heat absorption process. During the process of lifting the drill pipe, the support force provided by the support plate for the frozen sample is utilized to retain the sample in the sampling cylinder.

[0036] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: Based on this solution, the sampling personnel can select a sampling constraint method suitable for the current situation from the methods of only using the support plate to retain the sample in the sampling cylinder and using both the support plate and the evaporation refrigeration module to retain the sample in the sampling cylinder according to the current geological conditions. This solution has the characteristics of reasonable configuration of sampling efficiency and sampling reliability.

[0037] In this solution, by adopting the telescopic module and the linkage module, when the sampling cylinder slides relative to the drill pipe, it forces the support plate to swing. The flipping angle of the support plate is determined by the sliding distance of the sampling cylinder relative to the drill pipe, which can make the support plate flip reliably. At the same time, no other structure is required to assist the movement of the sampling cylinder relative to the drill pipe. Therefore, this solution also has the characteristics that the sampling resistance during the sampling cylinder sampling process is controllable, and the bottom support effect of the support plate on the sample during the process of lifting the drill pipe is controllable. At the same time, the power for the inward flipping of the support plate comes from the sliding of the sampling cylinder. During the process of lifting the drill pipe, the adhesion of the geological structures on the upper and lower sides of the support plate is broken by the thrust of the support plate on the geological structure below it, improving the sampling success rate.

[0038] To achieve sample freezing, the temperature stress received by this sampling device during the service cycle is small, the affected area of the temperature stress is small, and the use of liquid nitrogen with certain danger is avoided, which can effectively guarantee the mechanical properties and service life of each component of this sampling device. Different from only using the evaporation refrigeration module to complete the sampling anti-fall and anti-outflow constraints by freezing the sample, during the process of lifting the drill bit, since the support plate can play a bottom support function for the sample, the requirement for the freezing and solidification degree of the sample can be reduced, achieving the purpose of shortening the time required for freezing and solidification. Description of the Drawings

[0039] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a specific embodiment of the sampling device for geological survey described in this solution. In this schematic diagram, the sampling cylinder is in a falling state; Figure 2 is Figure 1 a partial enlarged view of part A in Figure 3 is Figure 1 a partially enlarged view of part B in Figure 4 is Figure 1 a partially enlarged view of part C in

[0040] The reference numerals in the figure are respectively: 1, the first drill pipe; 11, the connecting seat; 2, the second drill pipe; 21, the communicating pipe; 22, the avoidance hole; 3, the sampling cylinder; 31, the telescopic module; 32, the top cover; 33, the telescopic spring; 34, the key teeth; 35, the bottom cover; 4, the evaporation refrigeration module; 41, the plate ring; 42, the refrigeration coil pipe; 43, the filling layer; 44, the housing; 45, the refrigerant inlet pipe; 46, the refrigerant outlet pipe; 47, the heat insulation pad; 5, the linkage module; 51, the toothed plate; 52, the gear; 53, the rotating shaft; 54, the connecting screw; 6, the support plate; 7, the conical cylinder; 8, the sealing assembly. Specific embodiments

[0041] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments: Embodiment

[0042] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, a sampling device for geological survey includes a drill pipe and a sampling cylinder 3. The sampling cylinder 3 is arranged inside the lower end of the drill pipe. A support plate 6 for preventing the sample from falling out of the sampling cylinder 3 is arranged at the lower end of the sampling cylinder 3. The upper end of the sampling cylinder 3 is connected to the connecting seat 11 fixed in the drill pipe through a telescopic module 31, and the telescopic module 31 can elastically expand and contract in the axial direction of the drill pipe. The outer end of the support plate 6 is rotatably connected to the sampling cylinder 3 through a rotating shaft 53. The support plate 6 is provided with a linkage module 5. The linkage module 5 is used to achieve: when the sampling cylinder 3 slides upward along the axial direction of the drill pipe relative to the drill pipe, the drill pipe acts on the support plate 6 through the linkage module 5, and the linkage module 5 drives the support plate 6 to flip around the rotating shaft 53 and turn the inner end of the support plate 6 upward; when the sampling cylinder 3 slides downward along the axial direction of the drill pipe relative to the drill pipe, the drill pipe acts on the support plate 6 through the linkage module 5, and the linkage module 5 drives the support plate 6 to flip around the rotating shaft 53 and turn the inner end of the support plate 6 downward. It further includes an evaporation refrigeration module 4 arranged between the drill pipe and the sampling cylinder 3, and a refrigeration coil pipe 42 is arranged in the evaporation refrigeration module 4.

[0043] In the prior art, using sampling from the soil to complete soil pollution detection is an important part of geological survey. The methods for the corresponding sampling device to complete sampling include: the sampling cylinder 3 is lowered along with the drill pipe. When the sampling cylinder 3 is lowered to the depth for obtaining samples, the soil sample retained in the sampling cylinder 3 is taken as the sample, and this sample is subsequently used for test purposes. For loose strata with high water content, in order to ensure the success rate of retaining samples in the sampling cylinder 3, the prior art includes a technical solution of using elastic sheets to support sampling to help the sampling cylinder 3 constrain sampling. However, in the specific application of such a solution, the deformation of the elastic sheet completely depends on the thrust of the soil on it, which makes the sampling cylinder 3 have a large injection resistance during the sampling process. At the same time, under the influence of the specific thrust, the deformation of the elastic sheet has a certain randomness, and it is easy to form a large-area drop channel at the bottom of the sampling cylinder 3. For technical solutions that can provide boundary constraints for sampling, the prior art also includes a technical solution of using a sampling box. The structure of such a sampling device is relatively complex, which increases the difficulty of the drill bit descending during the sampling process. At the same time, for geology with the characteristic of high water content, in order to ensure the sampling success rate, the prior art also discloses a technical solution of solidifying the sample by freezing and then pulling out the sampling cylinder 3. Specifically, it is the solution provided by the patent document with the application number CN202011078558.3. In this solution, the purpose of freezing is achieved by injecting liquid nitrogen into the freezing flow channel. During the application of this solution, due to the low temperature of liquid nitrogen, the use of liquid nitrogen has a great impact on the service life and performance of the components in the area affected by liquid nitrogen.

[0044] Based on the above, this solution provides a sampling device and a sampling method for geological measurement and sampling in loose strata. When the above sampling device is specifically used, the inner side of the sampling cylinder 3 serves as a space for accommodating samples. Specifically, the sampling cylinder 3 is lowered along with the drill pipe. When the sampling cylinder 3 reaches the formation depth required for sampling, the sampling for geological measurement purposes is completed using the sampling cylinder 3. Different from the prior art, in this sampling device, the sampling cylinder 3 is elastically connected to the bottom of the drill pipe by the telescopic module 31. In this way, during the lowering process of the drill pipe, the telescopic module 31 allows the sampling cylinder 3 to displace (move upward) relative to the drill pipe in the axial direction of the drill pipe. When geological substances such as mud samples, sand samples, cement mixed samples, and water-sand mixed samples enter the sampling cylinder 3 from the bottom of the sampling cylinder 3, the acting forces of these geological substances on the inner wall of the sampling cylinder 3 and on the support plate 6 cause the telescopic module 31 to be compressed, and the sampling cylinder 3 slides upward relative to the drill pipe. During this process, through the linkage module 5, the inner end of the support plate 6 is flipped upward. In this way, the area of the support plate 6 that obstructs the sample injection is reduced, and the corresponding sample injection resistance is reduced, enabling the sampling cylinder 3 to smoothly inject samples. When the drill pipe is lifted, the drill pipe loses the downward pressure, and the geological structure below the sampling cylinder 3 no longer provides support for it. At this time, the sampling cylinder 3 drops, and the sampling cylinder 3 slides downward relative to the drill pipe. During this process, through the linkage module 5, the inner end of the support plate 6 is flipped downward. In this way, the area of the support plate 6 that obstructs the sample extraction is increased, and the corresponding sample extraction resistance is increased, enabling the support plate 6 to provide anti-falling constraint for sampling.

[0045] Further, for geological samples with clear water, muddy or mortar-like substances, to prevent the geological samples from flowing out during the process of lifting the drill pipe, if only the support plate 6 is used to block the flow channel, it is required that there is no obvious leakage channel between the support plates 6 during the process of lifting the drill pipe. For example, the support plate 6 is set to have two or more pieces, and each single support plate 6 is in the shape of a door panel (semicircular or petal-shaped are both acceptable). When the inner ends of the support plates 6 are turned downward, the support plates 6 can be spliced into a sealing plate located at the lower end of the sampling cylinder 3 (the sealing plate is composed of the support plates 6 after flipping). Due to the presence of solid particle impurities in the geological samples, when solid particle impurities are stuck between the support plates 6, the support plates 6 cannot be turned in place, that is, there is still a channel for the geological samples to flow out between the support plates 6. In this solution, by setting it to include the evaporation refrigeration module 4, in specific applications, when the evaporation refrigeration module 4 is needed for the current geological structure, the compressed and liquefied refrigerant is introduced into the refrigeration coil 42. The refrigerant changes from a liquid phase to a gas phase in the refrigeration coil 42 and absorbs heat from the surrounding environment, and freezes the sample in the sampling cylinder 3 during the heat absorption process, achieving the purpose of solidifying the sample in the sampling cylinder 3. In this way, during the process of lifting the drill pipe, using the supporting force provided by the support plate 6 for the frozen sample, the sample is retained in the sampling cylinder 3, ensuring the sampling success rate. On the one hand, for geological structures that do not require freezing and solidification, the sampling personnel can choose to lift the drill pipe immediately after it is inserted in place, and use the bottom support function of the flipped support plate 6 for sampling to achieve the purpose of successfully sampling the sampling cylinder 3. This method does not require waiting for the freezing and solidification time and does not need to configure a refrigerant compressor on the ground, etc. The sampling process is simple and efficient. On the other hand, for applications where the sampling target is a fluid geological structure, after configuring a refrigerant system including a refrigerant compressor and a cooler, by freezing the sample before lifting the drill pipe and further cooperating with the support plate 6, the sample in the sampling cylinder 3 can be successfully taken out after undergoing a certain solidification phase change, achieving the purpose of ensuring the sampling success rate.

[0046] In summary, during the geological measurement and sampling process, the sampling personnel can choose a sampling constraint method suitable for the current operation from the methods of only using the support plate 6 to retain the sample in the sampling cylinder 3 and using both the support plate 6 and the evaporation refrigeration module 4 to retain the sample in the sampling cylinder 3. The former has the characteristics of a simple supporting system, simple operation, and high sampling efficiency, and the latter is used to adapt to fluid geological samples and can effectively ensure the sampling success rate. Therefore, in specific applications, this solution has the characteristics of reasonable configuration of sampling efficiency and sampling reliability.

[0047] Different from the deformation of the support plate 6 under the direct action of the geological structure, in this solution, by adopting the telescopic module 31 and the linkage module 5, the support plate 6 is forced to swing during the sliding of the sampling cylinder 3 relative to the drill pipe. Specifically, when the sampling cylinder 3 slides upward relative to the drill pipe, the support plate 6 swings outward to reduce the sampling resistance of the sampling cylinder 3. When the sampling cylinder 3 slides downward relative to the drill pipe, the support plate 6 swings inward to increase the sampling resistance of the sampling cylinder 3. Therefore, the flipping angle of the support plate 6 is determined by the sliding distance of the sampling cylinder 3 relative to the drill pipe. During the sampling process of the sampling cylinder 3, the telescopic module 31 can be compressed by controlling the downward probing force of the drill pipe. During the process of lifting the drill pipe, the elastic restoring force of the telescopic module 31 and the gravity of the sampling cylinder 3, etc., can be used to force the telescopic module 31 to rebound. The above process can not only make the support plate 6 flip reliably, but also does not require other structures to assist the movement of the sampling cylinder 3 relative to the drill pipe. Therefore, this solution also has the characteristics that the sampling resistance during the sampling process of the sampling cylinder 3 is controllable, and the bottom support function of the support plate 6 for sampling during the process of lifting the drill pipe is controllable. At the same time, the power for the inward flipping of the support plate 6 comes from the sliding of the sampling cylinder 3. Therefore, during the process of lifting the drill pipe, the support plate 6 is forced to flip inward, and the adhesion of the geological structures on the upper and lower sides of the support plate 6 is broken by using the thrust of the support plate 6 on the geological structure below it, improving the sampling success rate.

[0048] The above evaporation refrigeration module 4 is an evaporator. Different from setting a liquid nitrogen flow channel, this sampling device has small temperature stress during the service cycle, a small influence area of temperature stress, and avoids using liquid nitrogen with certain danger, which can effectively guarantee the mechanical properties and service life of each component of this sampling device. Different from only using the evaporation refrigeration module 4 to complete the sampling anti-falling and anti-outflow constraints in the way of freezing sampling, during the process of lifting the drill bit, since the support plate 6 can play a bottom support function for sampling, the requirements for the freezing and solidification degree of sampling and the requirements for the evaporation refrigeration module 4 can be reduced, achieving the purpose of shortening the time required for freezing and solidification.

[0049] In specific use, for liquid-like geological samples, after the sampling cylinder 3 is inserted in place, the drill pipe can be lifted first to reduce or eliminate the pressure of the drill pipe on the sampling cylinder 3. After the telescopic module 31 rebounds to make the relative movement between the sampling cylinder 3 and the drill pipe, and under the action of the linkage module 5, the support plate 6 flips inward to increase the resistance of the support plate 6 to sampling, and then the sampling in the sampling cylinder 3 can be solidified by the evaporation refrigeration module 4. Such a method can effectively guarantee the contribution of the support plate 6 to restricting sampling. Embodiment

[0050] This embodiment further introduces this solution in detail on the basis of Embodiment 1.

[0051] The telescopic module 31 includes a top cover 32, a telescopic spring 33 and a bottom cover 35; The upper end of the telescopic spring 33 is embedded in the top cover 32 and fixedly connected to the end plate of the top cover 32; The lower end of the telescopic spring 33 is embedded in the bottom cover 35 and fixedly connected to the end plate of the bottom cover 35; The top cover 32 is fixedly connected to the connecting seat 11, and the bottom cover 35 is fixedly connected to the top of the sampling cylinder 3; Key teeth 34 extending along the axis direction of the top cover 32 are arranged on the outer side wall of the top cover 32, and key grooves matching with the key teeth 34 are arranged on the inner side wall of the bottom cover 35.

[0052] The above solution provides a specific implementation manner of the telescopic module 31, specifically: the top cover 32 and the bottom cover 35 form a plug-in outer cylinder of the telescopic module 31, so as to utilize the rigidity of the top cover 32 and the bottom cover 35 to prevent the sampling cylinder 3 from yawing relative to the drill pipe during the sampling process. The above telescopic spring 33 is a helical spring, so that the top cover 32 and the bottom cover 35 can relatively slide and establish a connection relationship for suspending the sampling cylinder 3 on the connecting seat 11. The above key teeth 34 and key grooves are used to transmit torque, so that the sampling cylinder 3 can rotate synchronously with the drill pipe during the downward exploration of the drill pipe, improving the ability of the sampling device to explore underground. In specific applications, since there are moving parts on the telescopic module 31, to facilitate the maintenance of the telescopic module 31, the bottom cover 35 is welded to the sampling cylinder 3, the top cover 32 is bolted or threadedly connected to the connecting seat 11, the upper end of the telescopic spring 33 is fixedly connected to the end plate of the top cover 32 through a spring seat, and the upper end of the telescopic spring 33 is fixedly connected to the end plate of the bottom cover 35 through a spring seat. To better protect the evaporation cooling module 4 between the drill pipe and the sampling cylinder 3, the lower end of the top cover 32 is in the shape of a spline shaft, and the hole passage at the upper end of the bottom cover 35 is a spline shaft hole, so as to ensure the matching accuracy of the top cover 32 and the bottom cover 35. Embodiment

[0053] This embodiment further details the above solution on the basis of Embodiment 1.

[0054] The linkage module 5 includes a gear 52 and a toothed plate 51. The toothed plate 51 is arranged on the drill pipe. The toothed plate 51 has a plurality of racks arranged at intervals along the axis direction of the drill pipe. The gear 52 is rotatably connected to the sampling cylinder 3 through a rotating shaft 53, and the gear 52 meshes with the teeth of the toothed plate 51; the support plate 6 is fixedly connected to the gear 52.

[0055] The above solution provides a specific implementation of the linkage module 5, specifically: the tooth meshing relationship established between the gear 52 and the toothed plate 51 causes the gear 52 to be forced to rotate around the rotating shaft 53 when the sampling cylinder 3 moves relative to the drill pipe, so that the support plate 6 fixed on the gear 52 can be forced to swing around the rotating shaft 53, achieving the purpose of changing the shape of the support plate 6 in the sampling cylinder 3. Different from the technical solutions such as setting a ball head at the outer end of the support plate 6, setting a ball head seat on the inner wall of the drill pipe, and the support plate 6 forming a mating relationship with the rotating shaft 53 through a strip hole (the ball head is rotatably fitted in the ball head seat, the rotating shaft 53 is fixed at a specific position of the sampling cylinder 3, the rotating shaft 53 passes through the support plate 6 through the strip hole extending along the length direction of the support plate 6, and during the up and down sliding of the sampling cylinder 3 relative to the drill pipe, the ball head flips in the ball head seat and the rotating shaft 53 slides in the strip hole), the above structural form including the gear 52 and the toothed plate 51, on the premise of simple structure, can not only make the support plate 6 have a swing amplitude of 90°, so that the support plate 6 can swing perpendicular to the axis of the sampling cylinder 3 and parallel to the axis of the sampling cylinder 3, but also the main wear positions are concentrated on the surface of the rack, the surface of the teeth of the gear 52 and the position providing the rotating pair of the rotating shaft 53. Therefore, this solution can effectively ensure its reliability.

[0056] As an alternative solution, the linkage module 5 is arranged as an elastic support structure located between the sampling cylinder 3 and the drill pipe, specifically: the outer end of the support plate 6 extends out of the sampling cylinder 3 and forms a support platform for supporting the lower end of the elastic support structure, the upper end of the elastic support structure is supported on the stepped surface of the drill pipe, and a torsion spring is arranged between the rotating shaft 53 and the sampling cylinder 3. The torsion spring is used to make the rotation of the rotating shaft 53 a damped rotation. When the sampling cylinder 3 slides relative to the drill pipe, the elastic support structure changes through the compression amount, changing the pressure on the support platform, so as to cooperate with the torsion spring to achieve the purpose of adjusting the flipping angle of the support plate 6. Compared with the implementation form using the gear 52 and the toothed plate 51 as above, the external flipping force of the support plate 6 is large, and it is not easy to make the support plate 6 be flipped to a state perpendicular to the axis of the sampling cylinder 3 and a state parallel to the axis of the sampling cylinder 3. Embodiment

[0057] This embodiment further details this solution on the basis of Embodiment 3.

[0058] An installation hole is provided on the side wall of the drill pipe, and the installation hole is configured as: the toothed plate 51 is installed on the drill pipe from the outside of the drill pipe through the installation hole and the connecting screw 54; The number of the support plates 6 is multiple, each support plate 6 is configured with a linkage module 5, the support plates 6 are configured at the same axis position of the sampling cylinder 3, and the support plates 6 are configured to be evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the sampling cylinder 3.

[0059] The above solution provides a specific installation method for the tooth plate 51, which can be specifically applied as follows: After the sampling cylinder 3 is assembled in the drill pipe, the tooth plate 51 is inserted into the installation hole from the outside to the inside and meshed with the gear 52, and then the tooth plate 51 is locked to the drill pipe by the connecting screw 54. A further installation method is as follows: After the sampling cylinder 3 is suspended on the connecting seat 11, the gear 52 is toggled so that the support plate 6 is perpendicular to the axis of the sampling cylinder 3. Then, the tooth plate 51 is inserted into the installation hole and a tooth meshing relationship is established (which may cause a slight rotation of the gear 52 but does not affect the use). Then, the tooth plate 51 is locked by the connecting screw 54. This solution not only has the characteristic of convenient assembly, but also the tooth plate 51 is a part independent of the drill pipe. After wear occurs and it cannot be normally meshed with the gear 52, it is convenient to repair and replace the tooth plate 51.

[0060] The above solution provides a specific setting method for the support plate 6. Multiple support plates 6 can provide support for the bottom of the sampling at multiple positions on the bottom surface of the sampling cylinder 3 to optimize the ability of the support plate 6 to restrict sampling; Since the support plate 6 can be reliably flipped under the action of the linkage module 5, it is preferably set that the support plate 6 is petal-shaped so that the support plate 6 can form the sealing plate after flipping, expanding the applicable occasions of the sampling device only under the action of the support plate 6. Embodiment

[0061] This embodiment further details this solution on the basis of Embodiment 3.

[0062] It also includes a mechanical limiting device arranged on the rotating shaft 53, the gear 52 or the tooth plate 51, and the mechanical limiting device is used to limit the end position of the downward movement of the sampling cylinder 3 relative to the drill pipe; When the sampling cylinder 3 is at the end position, the support plate 6 is perpendicular to the axis of the sampling cylinder 3; When the sampling cylinder 3 is suspended on the connecting seat 11 through the telescopic module 31, the gravity of the sampling cylinder 3 and the pulling force provided by the telescopic module 31 to the sampling cylinder 3 satisfy: the sampling cylinder 3 can move to the end position; The gear 52 and the tooth plate 51 are configured such that when the sampling cylinder 3 moves upward relative to the drill pipe, the support plate 6 can rotate with the gear 52 to be parallel to the axis of the sampling cylinder 3 while maintaining the tooth meshing state.

[0063] The above solution provides an implementation method for using a mechanical limit device to define the end position of the sampling cylinder 3 moving downward relative to the drill pipe, which is used to prevent the supporting plate 6 from further swinging after it rotates to be perpendicular to the axis of the sampling cylinder 3, resulting in a weakened constraint ability of the supporting plate 6 for sampling. That is, when the mechanical limit device takes effect, the locking gear 52 moves further along the toothed plate 51 to achieve the above-mentioned limiting purpose. The specific implementation method can be to set teeth on the outer circumference of the gear 52 or the bottom side of the toothed plate 51. The teeth prevent the gear 52 from moving further downward relative to the toothed plate 51 by not participating in the normal tooth meshing between the gear 52 and the toothed plate 51. For the implementation method where the rotating shaft 53 is fixed to the gear 52, the mechanical limit device can be a convex block located on the side of the rotating shaft 53. When the convex block rotates with the rotating shaft 53 to contact the positioning surface on the sampling cylinder 3, the gear 52 is restricted from further rotating, thereby realizing the state locking of the supporting plate 6. The above configuration method of the gear 52 and the toothed plate 51 is that the teeth on the gear 52 and the rack on the toothed plate 51 allow the gear 52 to rotate at least 90°, so that the supporting plate 6 can be switched between being perpendicular to the axis of the sampling cylinder 3 and parallel to the axis of the sampling cylinder 3. Embodiment

[0064] This embodiment further introduces this solution in detail on the basis of Embodiment 1.

[0065] It further includes a communication pipe 21 connected to the top side of the sampling cylinder 3. The communication pipe 21 is threadedly connected to the side wall of the sampling cylinder 3 and is communicated with the inner space of the sampling cylinder 3. It further includes an avoidance hole 22 provided on the drill pipe. The avoidance hole 22 is a strip-shaped hole, and the avoidance hole 22 is used to provide a movement space for the communication pipe 21 during the process of the communication pipe 21 moving with the sampling cylinder 3 relative to the drill pipe.

[0066] In the above solution, the communication pipe 21 is used to equalize the pressure inside the sampling cylinder 3 during the sampling process of the sampling cylinder 3, that is, during the sampling process at the bottom of the sampling cylinder 3, the communication pipe 21 functions as a top evacuation function. At the same time, the sample discharged from the top of the sampling cylinder 3 is discharged to the outside of the sampling device through the avoidance hole 22 to facilitate the cleaning work of this sampling device. The threaded connection is used to achieve: after the sampling cylinder 3 is assembled in the drill pipe, the communication pipe 21 is installed from the outside of the drill pipe. The avoidance hole 22 is to allow the communication pipe 21 to move with the sampling cylinder 3 relative to the drill pipe by a certain stroke. Embodiment

[0067] This embodiment further introduces this solution in detail on the basis of Embodiment 1.

[0068] The drill pipe includes a first drill pipe 1, a second drill pipe 2, and a conical cylinder 7 arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The lower end of the first drill pipe 1 is threadedly connected to the upper end of the second drill pipe 2, and a connection seat 11 is provided at the lower end of the first drill pipe 1; The second drill pipe 2 has an equal-diameter cylindrical structure. The evaporation refrigeration module 4 is fixed on the sampling cylinder 3, and the evaporation refrigeration module 4 is located in the space between the second drill pipe 2 and the sampling cylinder 3; The conical cylinder 7 is a conical cylinder with a larger upper diameter than the lower diameter. The upper end of the conical cylinder 7 is threadedly connected to the lower end of the second drill pipe 2; It further includes a sealing assembly 8 in the gap between the drill pipe and the sampling cylinder 3. The sealing assembly 8 includes a lining ring fixed on the bottom side wall of the sampling cylinder 3 and a plurality of O-rings arranged on the outer periphery of the lining ring. The outer side of the O-ring is in contact with the inner wall of the drill pipe.

[0069] The above provides a specific setting form of the drill pipe, that is, the drill pipe is of a segmented structure. When assembling this structure, first separate the drill pipe, and then complete the connection between the sampling cylinder 3 fixed with the evaporation refrigeration module 4 and the first drill pipe 1. Then, complete the connection of the second drill pipe 2 by sleeving the second drill pipe 2 on the sampling cylinder 3, and then complete the connection of the conical cylinder 7. The structural features of this solution have at least the following effects: each component is convenient to process and assemble; the drill pipe structure affected by the evaporation refrigeration module 4 is the second drill pipe 2, which can be replaced separately, which is beneficial to controlling the use cost of this sampling device; the conical cylinder 7 is not only beneficial to the downward exploration of the drill pipe, but also, after the sampling cylinder 3 descends into the conical cylinder 7, there is a narrow gap between the sampling cylinder 3 and the drill pipe, which is beneficial to restricting the geological structure from entering this gap. The sealing assembly 8 is used to further prevent the geological structure from entering the gap between the sampling cylinder 3 and the drill pipe to protect the linkage module 5 and the evaporation refrigeration module 4 in this solution. The support plate serves as the mounting seat for the O-ring. Using the O-ring to achieve axial sealing has the characteristic of small sliding resistance of the sampling cylinder 3, and a plurality of O-rings are used to ensure the axial sealing effect.

[0070] For the embodiment including the communication pipe 21 and the avoidance hole 22 with the same concept as this embodiment, a sliding plate is configured for the communication pipe 21. The sliding plate is fixedly connected to the communication pipe 21. There is a sliding groove on the inner wall of the drill pipe. When the communication pipe 21 moves relative to the drill pipe along with the sampling cylinder 3, the sliding plate slides in the sliding groove and always covers the avoidance hole 22 to prevent the geological structure from entering the inside of the drill pipe through the avoidance hole 22. Embodiment

[0071] This embodiment further details this solution on the basis of Embodiment 1.

[0072] The evaporation cooling module 4 includes a housing 44 with a cylindrical structure. The side wall of the housing 44 is a hollow structure. The cooling coil 42 is a spiral coil wound in the hollow structure. It further includes a filling layer 43 filled in the hollow structure, and the filling layer 43 is a heat-conducting material; The housing 44 is sleeved on the sampling cylinder 3. Plate rings 41 for limiting the housing 44 on the axis of the sampling cylinder 3 are arranged at both the upper end and the lower end of the housing 44; It further includes a refrigerant inlet pipe 45 connected to the medium inlet end of the cooling coil 42, and a refrigerant outlet pipe 46 connected to the medium outlet end of the cooling coil 42.

[0073] The above solution provides a specific implementation of the evaporation cooling module 4, that is: the housing 44 is the outer structure of the evaporation cooling module 4, used to form a cylindrical shape. The cooling coil 42 is wound in the hollow structure with a hollow sandwich of the housing 44. The filling layer 43 is used to restrict the position of the cooling coil 42 in the hollow structure and the filling layer 43 is used as a heat-conducting material. The plate ring 41 is used to fix the housing 44 on the outer wall of the sampling cylinder 3. The above refrigerant inlet pipe 45 is used to introduce refrigerant into the cooling coil 42, and the above refrigerant outlet pipe 46 is used to export the gasified / expanded and heat-absorbed refrigerant from the cooling coil 42. The evaporation cooling module 4 provided by this solution is not only suitable for installation between the sampling cylinder 3 and the drill pipe, but also has a compact and stable structure to avoid the influence of the rotation of the drill pipe on its reliability and ensure the stability of its performance. Embodiment

[0074] This embodiment further details this solution on the basis of Embodiment 8.

[0075] The cooling coil 42 is arranged on one side of the hollow structure close to the inner side of the housing 44; An insulation pad 47 is arranged in the gap between the outer wall of the housing 44 and the drill pipe; The insulation pad 47 includes a first inner lining fixed on the outer wall of the housing 44 and a second inner lining fixed on the inner wall of the drill pipe. Both the first inner lining and the second inner lining are of a cylindrical structure, and the outer wall of the first inner side is in contact with the inner wall of the second inner side.

[0076] In the above solution, the refrigeration coil 42 is arranged on one side of the hollow structure close to the inner side of the housing 44 to reduce the thermal resistance between the sampling cylinder 3 and the refrigeration coil 42. The heat insulation pad 47 is used to protect the drill pipe and improve the utilization rate of the refrigerant. The first lining and the second lining provide a sliding contact structure when the sampling cylinder 3 slides relative to the drill pipe. It can not only be used to restrict the position of the sampling cylinder 3 in the radial direction of the drill pipe, protect the evaporation refrigeration module 4 and ensure the reliability of the linkage module 5. At the same time, when there are abrasive particles between the evaporation refrigeration module 4 and the drill pipe, the first lining and the second lining can be damaged (wear is more likely to occur on the first lining and the second lining) to protect the main structure of this solution (drill pipe, housing 44).

[0077] More specifically, both the first lining and the second lining are plastic cylinders, such as plastic cylinders made of polytetrafluoroethylene material with good lubricity, to reduce the resistance of the sampling cylinder 3 moving relative to the drill pipe.

[0078] Example 10: Based on Example 1, this embodiment provides a sampling method for geological survey, which is realized based on the sampling device described in Example 1 above; In this method, the sampling cylinder 3 is lowered along with the drill pipe, and when the sampling cylinder 3 is lowered to the formation depth required for sampling, the sampling for geological survey purposes is completed by using the sampling cylinder 3; During the process of the sampling cylinder 3 being lowered along with the drill pipe, according to the soil looseness or dry-wet degree of the formation above the depth required for sampling, it is selected to use the support plate 6 to retain the sampling in the sampling cylinder 3 or use the support plate 6 and the evaporation refrigeration module 4 to retain the sampling in the sampling cylinder 3; When it is selected to use the support plate 6 to retain the sampling in the sampling cylinder 3, during the process of lifting the drill pipe, the support force provided by the support plate 6 for sampling is used to retain the sampling in the sampling cylinder 3; When it is selected to use the support plate 6 and the evaporation refrigeration module 4 to retain the sampling in the sampling cylinder 3, after the sampling cylinder 3 is lowered to the sampling depth, refrigerant is introduced into the refrigeration coil 42. The refrigerant changes from a liquid phase to a gas phase in the refrigeration coil 42 and absorbs heat from the surrounding environment, and freezes the sampling in the sampling cylinder 3 during the heat absorption process. During the process of lifting the drill pipe, the support force provided by the support plate 6 for the frozen sampling is used to retain the sampling in the sampling cylinder 3.

[0079] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments. It cannot be determined that the specific embodiments of the present invention are only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, other embodiments obtained without departing from the technical solution of the present invention should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sampling device for geological survey, comprising a drill pipe and a sampling cylinder (3), wherein the sampling cylinder (3) is arranged inside the lower end of the drill pipe, and a support plate (6) for preventing the sample from falling out of the sampling cylinder (3) is arranged at the lower end of the sampling cylinder (3), and is characterized in that, The upper end of the sampling cylinder (3) is connected to the connecting seat (11) fixed in the drill pipe through the telescopic module (31), and the telescopic module (31) can elastically expand and contract in the axial direction of the drill pipe; The outer end of the support plate (6) is rotatably connected to the sampling cylinder (3) through the rotating shaft (53). The support plate (6) is configured with a linkage module (5), and the linkage module (5) is used to achieve: when the sampling cylinder (3) slides upward along the axial direction of the drill pipe relative to the drill pipe, the drill pipe acts on the support plate (6) through the linkage module (5), and the linkage module (5) drives the support plate (6) to flip around the rotating shaft (53) and flip to make the inner end of the support plate (6) flip upward; when the sampling cylinder (3) slides downward along the axial direction of the drill pipe relative to the drill pipe, the drill pipe acts on the support plate (6) through the linkage module (5), and the linkage module (5) drives the support plate (6) to flip around the rotating shaft (53) and flip to make the inner end of the support plate (6) flip downward; It further includes an evaporation refrigeration module (4) arranged between the drill pipe and the sampling cylinder (3), and a refrigeration coil pipe (42) is arranged in the evaporation refrigeration module (4).

2. The sampling device for geological survey according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic module (31) includes a top cover (32), a telescopic spring (33) and a bottom cover (35); The upper end of the telescopic spring (33) is embedded in the top cover (32) and fixedly connected to the end plate of the top cover (32); The lower end of the telescopic spring (33) is embedded in the bottom cover (35) and fixedly connected to the end plate of the bottom cover (35); The top cover (32) is fixedly connected to the connecting seat (11), and the bottom cover (35) is fixedly connected to the top of the sampling cylinder (3); Key teeth (34) extending along the axis direction of the top cover (32) are arranged on the outer side wall of the top cover (32), and key grooves matching with the key teeth (34) are arranged on the inner side wall of the bottom cover (35).

3. The sampling device for geological survey according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage module (5) includes a gear (52) and a toothed plate (51). The toothed plate (51) is arranged on the drill pipe. The toothed plate (51) has a plurality of racks arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the drill pipe. The gear (52) is rotatably connected to the sampling cylinder (3) through the rotating shaft (53), and the gear (52) meshes with the teeth of the toothed plate (51); the support plate (6) is fixedly connected to the gear (52).

4. The sampling device for geological survey according to claim 3, characterized in that, An installation hole is arranged on the side wall of the drill pipe, and the installation hole is configured as: the toothed plate (51) is installed on the drill pipe from the outside of the drill pipe through the installation hole and the connecting screw (54); The number of the support plates (6) is multiple. Each support plate (6) is configured with a linkage module (5). The support plates (6) are arranged at the same axial position of the sampling cylinder (3) and are configured to be evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the sampling cylinder (3).

5. The sampling device for geological survey according to claim 3, characterized in that, It further includes a mechanical limiting device arranged on the rotating shaft (53), the gear (52) or the toothed plate (51), and the mechanical limiting device is used to limit the end position of the downward movement of the sampling cylinder (3) relative to the drill pipe; When the sampling cylinder (3) is located at the end position, the support plate (6) is perpendicular to the axis of the sampling cylinder (3); When the sampling cylinder (3) is suspended on the connecting seat (11) through the telescopic module (31), the gravity of the sampling cylinder (3) and the pulling force provided by the telescopic module (31) to the sampling cylinder (3) satisfy that the sampling cylinder (3) can move to the end position; The gear (52) and the toothed plate (51) are configured such that when the sampling cylinder (3) moves upward relative to the drill pipe, the support plate (6) can rotate with the gear (52) to be parallel to the axis of the sampling cylinder (3) while maintaining the state of tooth engagement.

6. The sampling device for geological survey according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a communication pipe (21) connected to the top side surface of the sampling cylinder (3), the communication pipe (21) is threadedly connected to the side wall of the sampling cylinder (3), and the communication pipe (21) communicates with the inner space of the sampling cylinder (3); It further includes an avoidance hole (22) provided on the drill pipe, the avoidance hole (22) is a strip-shaped hole, and the avoidance hole (22) is used to provide a movement space for the communication pipe (21) during the process of the communication pipe (21) moving with the sampling cylinder (3) relative to the drill pipe.

7. The sampling device for geological survey according to claim 1, wherein, The drill pipe includes a first drill pipe (1), a second drill pipe (2), and a conical cylinder (7) arranged in sequence from top to bottom; The lower end of the first drill pipe (1) is threadedly connected to the upper end of the second drill pipe (2), and a connecting seat (11) is provided at the lower end of the first drill pipe (1); The second drill pipe (2) has an equal-diameter cylindrical structure, and an evaporation refrigeration module (4) is fixed on the sampling cylinder (3), and the evaporation refrigeration module (4) is located in the space between the second drill pipe (2) and the sampling cylinder (3); The conical cylinder (7) is a conical cylinder with a larger upper diameter than the lower diameter, and the upper end of the conical cylinder (7) is threadedly connected to the lower end of the second drill pipe (2); It further includes a sealing assembly (8) located in the gap between the drill pipe and the sampling cylinder (3), the sealing assembly (8) includes a lining ring fixed to the bottom side wall of the sampling cylinder (3) and a plurality of O-rings provided on the outer periphery of the lining ring, and the outer side of the O-ring is in contact with the inner wall of the drill pipe.

8. The sampling device for geological survey according to claim 1, wherein, The evaporation refrigeration module (4) includes a housing (44) in a cylindrical structure, the side wall of the housing (44) is a hollow structure, the refrigeration coil (42) is a spiral coil wound in the hollow structure, and it further includes a filling layer (43) filled in the hollow structure, and the filling layer (43) is a heat-conducting material; The housing (44) is sleeved on the sampling cylinder (3), and plate rings (41) for limiting the housing (44) on the axis of the sampling cylinder (3) are arranged at both the upper end and the lower end of the housing (44); It further includes a refrigerant inlet pipe (45) connected to the medium inlet end of the refrigeration coil (42), and a refrigerant outlet pipe (46) connected to the medium outlet end of the refrigeration coil (42).

9. The sampling device for geological survey according to claim 8, characterized in that, The refrigeration coil (42) is arranged on one side of the hollow structure close to the inner side of the housing (44); An insulation pad (47) is provided in the gap between the outer wall of the housing (44) and the drill pipe; The insulation pad (47) includes a first inner lining fixed to the outer wall of the housing (44) and a second inner lining fixed to the inner wall of the drill pipe, both the first inner lining and the second inner lining are in a cylindrical structure, and the outer wall of the first inner lining is in contact with the inner wall of the second inner lining.

10. A sampling method for geological survey, characterized in that, This sampling method is realized based on the sampling device described in any one of claims 1 to 9; In this method, the sampling cylinder (3) is lowered along with the drill pipe, and when the sampling cylinder (3) is lowered to the formation depth required for sampling, the sampling for geological measurement purposes is completed by using the sampling cylinder (3); During the process of lowering the sampling cylinder (3) along with the drill pipe, according to the soil looseness or dry-wet degree of the formation above the depth required for sampling, it is selected to use the support plate (6) to retain the sample in the sampling cylinder (3) or to use the support plate (6) and the evaporation refrigeration module (4) to retain the sample in the sampling cylinder (3); When it is selected to use the support plate (6) to retain the sample in the sampling cylinder (3), during the process of lifting the drill pipe, the support force provided by the support plate (6) for sampling is used to retain the sample in the sampling cylinder (3); When it is selected to use the support plate (6) and the evaporation refrigeration module (4) to retain the sample in the sampling cylinder (3), after the sampling cylinder (3) is lowered to the sampling depth, a refrigerant is introduced into the refrigeration coil (42). The refrigerant changes from a liquid phase to a gas phase in the refrigeration coil (42) and absorbs heat from the surrounding environment, and freezes the sample in the sampling cylinder (3) during the heat absorption process. During the process of lifting the drill pipe, the support force provided by the support plate (6) for the frozen sample is used to retain the sample in the sampling cylinder (3).

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