Real-time monitoring system and method for stress distribution of high-strength steel formwork

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of stress monitoring and discloses a real-time monitoring system and method for stress distribution in high-strength steel formwork. The method comprises the following steps: synchronously collecting stress values ​​at each position of the high-strength steel formwork through a sensor array and constructing a stress distribution matrix for the high-strength steel formwork; identifying stress transfer areas of stress waves based on the stress distribution matrix; reconstructing the propagation path of the stress waves based on the stress transfer areas; calculating the phase distortion of the stress waves when they pass through the joints of the high-strength steel formwork based on the propagation path; and issuing an early warning of the risk of peeling at the joints of the high-strength steel formwork based on the phase distortion. This application improves the accuracy of real-time monitoring of stress distribution in high-strength steel formwork and can effectively warn of the risk of peeling at the joints of the high-strength steel formwork.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of stress monitoring, and in particular to a real-time monitoring system and method for stress distribution of a high-strength steel template. Background Art

[0002] High-strength steel formwork, as the core support system for large cast-in-place concrete structures, is widely used in projects such as bridges and high-rise buildings. However, it has long faced a core challenge: sudden stress changes in the joints formed by multiple steel plates, which can easily lead to localized cracking and even structural failure. Currently, various methods exist for monitoring stress in high-strength steel formwork. Some projects employ traditional strain gauge monitoring, which involves attaching strain gauges to key locations on the formwork and converting stress changes into electrical signals for collection and analysis. Others employ fiber grating sensors, which detect stress based on changes in optical signals. While these technologies can monitor stress to a certain extent, they still exhibit shortcomings in practical applications.

[0003] Existing technologies lack effective solutions to key issues such as reconstructing the propagation path of stress waves in high-strength steel formwork and calculating the phase distortion at joints. In actual engineering, accurately understanding the propagation path of stress waves is crucial for a deep understanding of the stress state of the structure and the assessment of its integrity. However, current monitoring systems have difficulty accurately recording the propagation path of stress waves. Similarly, at joints, the stress state at the joints is complex due to the complexity of the high-strength steel formwork splicing process and the influence of external environmental factors. Existing technologies have difficulty accurately and promptly detecting the potential risk of debonding at joints.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent application publication number CN117129129A discloses an online dynamic residual stress monitoring device and method, wherein the online monitoring device includes a conveyor roller, a monitoring frame mounted above the conveyor roller, and a stress monitoring device mounted on the monitoring frame and configured to monitor the residual stress of the steel plate being measured; the stress monitoring device includes a moving assembly mounted on the monitoring frame, a monitoring probe, and a laser irradiation head; the distance between the monitoring probe and the steel plate being measured is 10-100 mm; the laser irradiation head is tilted on the side wall of the monitoring probe, the tilt direction of the laser irradiation head being toward the side where the monitoring probe and the laser irradiation head are close to each other, and the tilt angle of the laser irradiation head is 0°-75° relative to the vertical direction. The online monitoring device of this invention has a simple structure, high monitoring efficiency, and high precision, and is capable of performing residual stress monitoring on the entire steel plate, ensuring accurate stress monitoring and improving monitoring efficiency.

[0005] For example, the Chinese patent application with publication number CN118032184A discloses a method for monitoring formwork stress during on-site concrete pouring. The invention is implemented through four steps: real-time monitoring of formwork stress, data collection, alarm and warning, and concrete pouring. By setting a stress sensor on the formwork, the invention can monitor the stress changes of the formwork in real time and provide timely and accurate data support for on-site construction. When the formwork stress exceeds the preset safety threshold, the data processing center will immediately issue an early warning signal to notify the on-site construction personnel to take corresponding measures to effectively prevent the occurrence of dangerous situations. Various types of sensors such as resistive strain sensors, displacement sensors, manganese copper piezoresistive sensors or formwork stress sensors are used to meet the needs of different scenarios and improve the applicability of the monitoring method.

[0006] The above existing technologies all have the problem raised by this background technology: it is difficult to accurately and timely discover possible stripping risks.

[0007] The information disclosed in this background section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be considered as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the existing technology and provide a real-time monitoring system and method for the stress distribution of high-strength steel formwork, so as to improve the accuracy of real-time monitoring of the stress distribution of high-strength steel formwork and effectively warn of the risk of peeling of the splicing seams of high-strength steel formwork.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for real-time monitoring of stress distribution of a high-strength steel formwork, comprising the following steps:

[0011] The stress value of each position of the high-strength steel template is synchronously collected through the sensor array, and the stress distribution matrix of the high-strength steel template is constructed;

[0012] identifying a stress transfer region of the stress wave based on the stress distribution matrix;

[0013] reconstructing a propagation path of the stress wave based on the stress transfer area;

[0014] Based on the propagation path, calculating the phase distortion of the stress wave when passing through the joint of the high-strength steel template;

[0015] Based on the phase distortion, an early warning is issued for the risk of peeling of the joints of the high-strength steel formwork.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the real-time monitoring method for stress distribution of high-strength steel formwork according to the present invention, the stress transfer area of ​​the stress wave is identified based on the stress distribution matrix, specifically including:

[0017] S100: Calculating the conjugate transposed matrix of the stress distribution matrix;

[0018] S200: Calculate the covariance matrix of the stress distribution matrix and its conjugate transposed matrix;

[0019] S300: performing eigenvalue decomposition on the covariance matrix to obtain eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors of the covariance matrix;

[0020] S400: Calculating the spatial spectrum of the stress wave using a multiple signal classification algorithm based on the eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors of the covariance matrix;

[0021] S500: performing peak detection on the spatial spectrum of the stress wave to obtain the stress transfer area.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the method for real-time monitoring stress distribution of high-strength steel formwork according to the present invention, the stress distribution matrix is ​​a matrix with N rows and T columns; N is the number of sensors in the sensor array, and T is the number of sampling points of any sensor; any row of the stress distribution matrix corresponds to the stress value collected by the same sensor at each moment, and any column corresponds to the stress value collected by each sensor at the same moment;

[0023] The covariance matrix is ​​a matrix with N rows and N columns, which is used to describe the correlation between signals collected by different sensors in the sensor array;

[0024] The spatial spectrum of the stress wave is used to describe the energy intensity of the stress wave in each direction of the high-strength steel template and to locate the propagation direction of the stress wave; in the spatial spectrum, the stress wave is The energy intensity in the corresponding direction is recorded as ; Any angle used to describe the direction of the stress wave relative to the sensor array.

[0025] As a preferred solution of the method for real-time monitoring stress distribution of high-strength steel templates of the present invention, the method further comprises: performing peak detection on the spatial spectrum of the stress wave to obtain the stress transfer area; specifically comprising:

[0026] Setting an energy intensity threshold; reading the energy intensity in the direction corresponding to each angle in the spatial spectrum of the stress wave;

[0027] Marking all directions with energy intensities greater than the energy intensity threshold as stress transfer directions;

[0028] Based on the stress transmission direction, a stress transmission area is determined; the stress transmission area is an area consisting of sensors included in all stress transmission directions.

[0029] As a preferred solution of the real-time monitoring method for stress distribution of high-strength steel formwork according to the present invention, the propagation path of the stress wave is reconstructed based on the stress transfer area, specifically including:

[0030] Recording adjacent sensor pairs consisting of any two adjacent sensors in the stress transfer area;

[0031] reading sensing signals of sensors included in each group of adjacent sensor pairs based on the stress distribution matrix;

[0032] Calculating the stress wave time difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs; the stress wave time difference is the time difference between the stress wave propagating to the two sensors included in the adjacent sensor pair;

[0033] Calculating the stress wave path difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs based on the stress wave time difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs; the stress wave path difference is the distance the stress wave propagates between the two sensors;

[0034] Establishing a coordinate system and recording the coordinates of each sensor in the sensor array in the coordinate system;

[0035] Based on the stress wave path difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs in the stress transfer area and the coordinates of the sensors in the coordinate system, the propagation path equation of the stress wave is fitted to obtain the propagation path of the stress wave.

[0036] As a preferred solution of the method for real-time monitoring of stress distribution of high-strength steel templates of the present invention, the method for calculating the stress wave time difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs is as follows:

[0037] The generalized cross-correlation coefficients of the sensor signals of the sensors included in each group of adjacent sensor pairs at different time delays are calculated; if the maximum value of the generalized cross-correlation coefficients at different time delays is greater than a preset correlation threshold, the time delay corresponding to the maximum value of the generalized cross-correlation coefficient is the stress wave time difference of the adjacent sensor pairs.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the method for real-time monitoring stress distribution of high-strength steel formwork according to the present invention, the phase distortion is the phase difference between the stress wave before and after passing through the joint; the calculation of the phase distortion when the stress wave passes through the joint of the high-strength steel formwork specifically includes:

[0039] Calculate the trajectory equation of any joint seam in the coordinate system;

[0040] Based on the trajectory equation of the joint and the propagation path of the stress wave, it is determined whether the stress wave passes through the joint; if the stress wave passes through any joint, the phase distortion of the stress wave when passing through the joint is calculated.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the method for real-time monitoring stress distribution of high-strength steel formwork according to the present invention, the calculation of the phase distortion of the stress wave when passing through the joint of the high-strength steel formwork further includes:

[0042] Extract the sensing signals of the two sensors in the adjacent sensor pair corresponding to the stress wave passing through the joint, and record them as and ;

[0043] right and Perform bandpass filtering and and Decompose into component signals of m frequency bands;

[0044] respectively and Perform Hilbert transform on the component signal of the corresponding frequency band to obtain the phase of the component signal of the corresponding frequency band;

[0045] calculate and The phase difference of the component signals of the corresponding frequency band is obtained to obtain the phase distortion of the corresponding frequency band.

[0046] As a preferred solution of the real-time monitoring method for stress distribution of high-strength steel formwork of the present invention, an early warning of the risk of peeling of the joints of the high-strength steel formwork is issued based on the phase distortion, specifically including:

[0047] Conducting a stress wave cross-joint experiment on a high-strength steel template; recording phase difference data of the stress wave in each frequency band before and after passing through the joint of the high-strength steel template; and setting a phase difference threshold range for each frequency band based on the phase difference data;

[0048] If the phase distortion of each frequency band is within the phase difference threshold range of the corresponding frequency band, there is no peeling risk in the splicing seam of the high-strength steel formwork; otherwise, there is a peeling risk in the splicing seam of the high-strength steel formwork, and a peeling risk warning message is sent.

[0049] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a real-time monitoring system for stress distribution of high-strength steel templates, including a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a stress analysis module, a path reconstruction module, a phase calculation module, and a risk warning module; wherein:

[0050] The data acquisition module synchronously collects the stress value of each position of the high-strength steel template through the sensor array;

[0051] The data processing module is used to construct the stress distribution matrix of the high-strength steel formwork;

[0052] The stress analysis module identifies the stress transfer area of ​​the stress wave based on the stress distribution matrix;

[0053] The path reconstruction module reconstructs the propagation path of the stress wave based on the sensing signals of the sensors in the stress transmission area;

[0054] The phase calculation module is used to determine whether the stress wave passes through the joint. If so, the sensor signals of the corresponding adjacent sensor pairs are extracted to calculate the phase distortion of stress waves of different frequency bands when passing through the joint.

[0055] The risk warning module issues an early warning for the risk of joint peeling of high-strength steel formwork based on the phase distortion of the stress wave in each frequency band.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0057] This application can accurately locate the propagation direction of stress waves, identify stress transfer areas, and precisely reconstruct the propagation path of stress waves in high-strength steel formwork, providing strong support for a deeper understanding of the stress distribution in high-strength steel formwork. Bandpass filtering, Hilbert transform, and other operations are used to calculate the phase distortion of corresponding frequency bands, accurately capturing the phase changes of stress waves as they pass through joints.

[0058] This application provides an early warning of the risk of peeling in the joints of high-strength steel formwork based on the comparison results of the phase distortion degree and the threshold range. Through multi-band analysis, it comprehensively captures the peeling characteristics of different depths and ranges, avoids the limitations of single-band analysis, improves the accuracy and reliability of the judgment criteria, timely discovers potential safety hazards, and ensures the safe use of high-strength steel formwork. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort. Among them:

[0060] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for real-time monitoring of stress distribution of a high-strength steel template provided by the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a real-time monitoring system for stress distribution of high-strength steel templates provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than limitations on the technical solution of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0063] Example 1:

[0064] This embodiment introduces a real-time monitoring method for stress distribution of high-strength steel templates. Figure 1 , the method comprises the following steps:

[0065] The stress value of each position of the high-strength steel template is synchronously collected through the sensor array, and the stress distribution matrix of the high-strength steel template is constructed;

[0066] The stress distribution matrix is ​​a matrix with N rows and T columns; N is the number of sensors in the sensor array, and T is the number of sampling points of any sensor; any row of the stress distribution matrix corresponds to the stress value collected by the same sensor at each moment, and any column corresponds to the stress value collected by each sensor at the same moment.

[0067] Preferably, the stress distribution matrix is ​​filtered to reduce noise; for example, the signal collected by each sensor is independently filtered by a Butterworth bandpass filter to eliminate noise interference.

[0068] Based on the stress distribution matrix, identifying the stress transfer area of ​​the stress wave; specifically comprising:

[0069] S100: Calculating the conjugate transposed matrix of the stress distribution matrix;

[0070] S200: Calculate the covariance matrix of the stress distribution matrix and its conjugate transposed matrix;

[0071] The covariance matrix is ​​an N-row, N-column matrix used to describe the correlation between signals (i.e., stress values) collected by different sensors in a sensor array. The diagonal elements in the covariance matrix represent the variance of the signals collected by the corresponding sensor, while the off-diagonal elements represent the covariance between the signals collected by two corresponding sensors. The magnitude of the covariance indicates the magnitude of the correlation between the two signals.

[0072] S300: performing eigenvalue decomposition on the covariance matrix to obtain eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors of the covariance matrix;

[0073] The characteristic equation is solved by numerical calculation tools such as MATLAB, and the covariance matrix is ​​subjected to eigenvalue decomposition to obtain multiple groups of eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues; the eigenvalues ​​are sorted in order of size; and the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix are divided into signal subspace and noise subspace according to the size of the corresponding eigenvalues, specifically including: dividing the eigenvectors corresponding to eigenvalues ​​less than a preset eigenvalue threshold into the noise subspace, and constructing a noise subspace matrix.

[0074] S400: Calculating the spatial spectrum of the stress wave using a multiple signal classification algorithm based on the eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors of the covariance matrix;

[0075] The spatial spectrum of the stress wave is used to describe the energy intensity of the stress wave in each direction of the high-strength steel template and to locate the propagation direction of the stress wave; in the spatial spectrum, the stress wave is The energy intensity in the corresponding direction is recorded as Any angle is used to describe the direction of the stress wave relative to the sensor array. In this embodiment, the geometric center of the sensor array is preferably used as a reference. A direction on the sensor array plane is selected as the reference direction, marked as 0°. The angle of any angle is defined clockwise or counterclockwise. For example, for a linearly uniformly distributed sensor array, the normal direction is used as the reference direction, with 90° representing the right direction of the array and -90° representing the left direction of the array.

[0076] The multiple signal classification algorithm is used to calculate the spatial spectrum of the stress wave by constructing an array steering vector. Indicates angle The corresponding array steering vector, The multiple signal classification algorithm calculates the spatial spectrum of the stress wave based on the orthogonal relationship between the array steering vector and the noise subspace matrix. The value and array guide vector is related to the orthogonality between the noise subspace matrices. is completely orthogonal to the noise subspace matrix, then The larger the value, the greater the angle The probability of stress waves existing in the corresponding direction is higher; on the contrary, if is not orthogonal to the noise subspace matrix, then The value of is small, indicating an angle The probability of stress waves existing in the corresponding direction is small. In the spatial spectrum of stress waves, obvious peaks appear in the directions where stress waves exist.

[0077] S500: Detecting the peak value of the spatial spectrum of the stress wave to obtain the stress transfer area; specifically comprising:

[0078] Setting an energy intensity threshold; reading the energy intensity in the direction corresponding to each angle in the spatial spectrum of the stress wave;

[0079] Marking all directions with energy intensities greater than the energy intensity threshold as stress transfer directions;

[0080] Based on the stress transmission direction, a stress transmission area is determined; the stress transmission area is an area consisting of sensors included in all stress transmission directions.

[0081] Fluctuations in stress values ​​collected by sensors in directions with energy intensities greater than the threshold are caused by the propagation of stress waves, while fluctuations in stress values ​​collected by sensors in directions with energy intensities less than the threshold are caused by noise. By identifying the stress propagation region, only signals within this angular range are processed in subsequent propagation path reconstruction, ignoring sensors unrelated to the stress wave direction. This reduces computational effort while ensuring that path reconstruction is based on valid signals, improving stress wave path reconstruction accuracy.

[0082] Reconstructing the propagation path of the stress wave based on the stress transfer area, specifically comprising:

[0083] Recording adjacent sensor pairs consisting of any two adjacent sensors in the stress transfer area;

[0084] The sensing signals of the sensors included in each group of adjacent sensor pairs are read based on the stress distribution matrix; the sensing signals are time series of stress values ​​collected by the corresponding sensors, that is, corresponding rows of the corresponding sensors in the stress distribution matrix.

[0085] Calculate the stress wave time difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs; the stress wave time difference is the time difference between the stress wave propagating to the two sensors included in the adjacent sensor pair; the method for calculating the stress wave time difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs is as follows:

[0086] The generalized cross-correlation coefficient (GCC-PHAT) of the sensor signals from each adjacent sensor pair at different time delays is calculated. If the maximum value of the GCC at different time delays is greater than a preset correlation threshold, the time delay corresponding to the maximum GCC is considered the stress wave time difference between the adjacent sensor pairs. The generalized cross-correlation coefficient (GCC-PHAT) measures the correlation between two time signals at different time delays. The maximum GCC corresponds to the time delay at which the two time signals are most correlated.

[0087] Based on the stress wave time difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs, the stress wave path difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs is calculated. The stress wave path difference is the distance the stress wave propagates between the two sensors. The stress wave path difference is obtained by multiplying the stress wave time difference with the pre-calibrated wave velocity. For example, typical wave velocities in high-strength steel include: the wave velocity of compression wave is 5900m / s, the wave velocity of shear wave is 3200m / s, etc.

[0088] Establishing a coordinate system and recording the coordinates of each sensor in the sensor array in the coordinate system;

[0089] Based on the stress wave path difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs in the stress transfer area and the coordinates of the sensors in the coordinate system, the propagation path equation of the stress wave is fitted to obtain the propagation path of the stress wave.

[0090] This application prefers the least squares method for function fitting; the coordinates of the sensors included in the adjacent sensor pairs whose maximum value of the generalized mutual correlation coefficient is greater than the preset correlation threshold are marked as known coordinate points on the stress wave propagation path, and the complete stress wave propagation path is fitted by combining the stress wave path difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs.

[0091] Based on the propagation path, calculating the phase distortion of the stress wave when passing through the joint of the high-strength steel template;

[0092] The phase distortion is the phase difference between the stress wave before and after passing through the joint. The calculation of the phase distortion when the stress wave passes through the joint of the high-strength steel formwork specifically includes:

[0093] Calculate the trajectory equation of any seam in the coordinate system; the seam is usually a regular curve or straight line, and its trajectory can be described by an equation in the coordinate system.

[0094] Based on the trajectory equation of the joint and the propagation path of the stress wave, it is determined whether the stress wave passes through the joint; and based on the propagation path equation of the stress wave and the trajectory equation of the joint, it is determined whether the propagation path intersects with the joint. If so, the stress wave passes through the joint.

[0095] If the stress wave passes through any joint, calculate the phase distortion of the stress wave when passing through the joint. Specifically,

[0096] Extract the sensing signals of the two sensors in the adjacent sensor pair corresponding to the stress wave passing through the joint, and record them as and When a stress wave passes through a joint, the corresponding pair of adjacent sensors is the pair of sensors that the stress wave passes through before and after it passes through the joint. For example, the coordinates of the intersection of the propagation path and the joint are calculated. Based on the coordinates of the intersection, the two adjacent sensors closest to the intersection and located on either side of the joint are found along the propagation path.

[0097] right and Perform bandpass filtering and and Decompose into component signals of m frequency bands; m is a positive integer;

[0098] respectively and Perform Hilbert transform on the component signal of the corresponding frequency band to obtain the phase of the component signal of the corresponding frequency band;

[0099] calculate and The phase difference of the component signals of the corresponding frequency band is obtained to obtain the phase distortion of the corresponding frequency band.

[0100] Based on the phase distortion, an early warning is issued for the risk of peeling of the joints of the high-strength steel formwork. Specifically, it includes:

[0101] Conducting a stress wave cross-joint experiment on a high-strength steel template; recording phase difference data of the stress wave in each frequency band before and after passing through the joint of the high-strength steel template; and setting a phase difference threshold range for each frequency band based on the phase difference data;

[0102] If the phase distortion of each frequency band is within the phase difference threshold range of the corresponding frequency band, there is no peeling risk in the splicing seam of the high-strength steel formwork; otherwise, there is a peeling risk in the splicing seam of the high-strength steel formwork, and a peeling risk warning message is sent.

[0103] In this embodiment, the phase difference threshold interval for each frequency band is preferably set as follows:

[0104] Multiple experiments were conducted on healthy high-strength steel templates, and the phase difference data of the stress wave across the splicing seam in each frequency band was recorded. For example, for the stress wave in the frequency band of 4.5kHz to 5.5kHz, the average value of the phase difference across the splicing seam of multiple experiments was recorded as , the variance is recorded as The phase difference threshold range in the 4.5kHz to 5.5kHz frequency band is .

[0105] When stress waves propagate through high-strength steel formwork, their phase characteristics will change due to changes in the interface contact state. When the joint is in a healthy state, the interface contact is good, and the phase difference of the stress wave after passing through the joint is small and stable; when there is debonding in the joint, the interface contact is poor, and the phase difference of the stress wave after passing through the joint increases significantly. This change in phase difference reflects the interface state of the joint and provides a direct basis for identifying debonding risks. Multi-band analysis can comprehensively capture debonding characteristics at different depths and ranges. Low-frequency waves have strong penetration and are sensitive to deep debonding; high-frequency waves have high resolution and are sensitive to near-surface debonding. By analyzing phase difference data in multiple frequency bands, the health status of the joint can be more comprehensively assessed, avoiding the limitations of single-band analysis, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the judgment criteria.

[0106] Example 2:

[0107] This embodiment is the second embodiment of the present invention; it is based on the same inventive concept as embodiment 1, Figure 2 This embodiment introduces a real-time monitoring system for stress distribution of high-strength steel templates, including a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a stress analysis module, a path reconstruction module, a phase calculation module, and a risk warning module; wherein:

[0108] The data acquisition module synchronously collects the stress value of each position of the high-strength steel template through the sensor array, providing a data basis for the subsequent construction of the stress distribution matrix.

[0109] The data processing module is used to construct a stress distribution matrix for the high-strength steel formwork; organize the collected stress values ​​into a standardized matrix form for subsequent analysis; and filter and reduce noise in the stress distribution matrix. For example, a Butterworth bandpass filter is used to independently filter the signal collected by each sensor to remove noise interference and improve data quality.

[0110] The stress analysis module identifies the stress transfer area of ​​the stress wave based on the stress distribution matrix; the module calculates the covariance matrix based on the stress distribution matrix and its conjugate transpose matrix, and performs eigenvalue decomposition on the covariance matrix to obtain eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors, and constructs a noise subspace; based on the above results, a multiple signal classification algorithm is used to calculate the spatial spectrum of the stress wave to describe the energy intensity of the stress wave in each direction of the high-strength steel formwork; the peak value of the spatial spectrum of the stress wave is detected to determine the stress transfer area, so as to clarify the effective signal range for subsequent processing, reduce the amount of calculation and improve the accuracy.

[0111] The path reconstruction module reconstructs the propagation path of the stress wave based on the sensing signals of the sensors in the stress transfer area; this module calculates the stress wave time difference and stress wave path difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs, and fits the propagation path of the stress wave using the least squares method based on the stress wave path difference and sensor coordinates.

[0112] The phase calculation module is used to determine whether the stress wave passes through the joint. If so, the sensor signals of the corresponding adjacent sensor pairs are extracted to calculate the phase distortion of stress waves of different frequency bands when passing through the joint.

[0113] The risk warning module issues early warnings for the risk of seam debonding in high-strength steel formwork based on the phase distortion of stress waves within each frequency band. The module is configured with phase difference thresholds for each frequency band. By comparing the phase distortion of each frequency band, calculated in real time, with the corresponding phase difference threshold, it issues early warnings for the risk of seam debonding in high-strength steel formwork. If the phase distortion exceeds the threshold, a debonding risk warning is issued.

[0114] The specific functions of the above modules are realized by referring to the relevant contents of the real-time monitoring method for stress distribution of high-strength steel formwork in Example 1, which will not be described in detail.

[0115] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Thus, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0116] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the purpose and scope of protection of the present invention, which are all protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring method for stress distribution of high-strength steel formwork, characterized by: The following steps are involved: The stress value of each position of the high-strength steel template is synchronously collected through the sensor array, and the stress distribution matrix of the high-strength steel template is constructed; identifying a stress transfer region of the stress wave based on the stress distribution matrix; Calculating the stress wave time difference; the stress wave time difference is the time difference between the stress wave propagating to two sensors included in the adjacent sensor pair; Calculating the stress wave path difference between different sensors based on the stress wave time difference; the stress wave path difference is the distance the stress wave propagates between the two sensors; reconstructing a propagation path of a stress wave in the stress transfer region based on the stress wave path difference; Based on the propagation path, calculating the phase distortion of the stress wave when passing through the joint of the high-strength steel template; Based on the phase distortion, an early warning is issued for the risk of peeling of the joints of the high-strength steel formwork.

2. The method for real-time monitoring of stress distribution of a high-strength steel formwork according to claim 1, wherein: Based on the stress distribution matrix, identifying the stress transfer area of ​​the stress wave specifically includes: S100: Calculating the conjugate transposed matrix of the stress distribution matrix; S200: Calculate the covariance matrix of the stress distribution matrix and its conjugate transposed matrix; S300: performing eigenvalue decomposition on the covariance matrix to obtain eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors of the covariance matrix; S400: Calculating the spatial spectrum of the stress wave using a multiple signal classification algorithm based on the eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors of the covariance matrix; S500: performing peak detection on the spatial spectrum of the stress wave to obtain the stress transfer area.

3. The method for real-time monitoring of stress distribution of a high-strength steel formwork according to claim 2, wherein: The stress distribution matrix is ​​a matrix with N rows and T columns; N is the number of sensors in the sensor array, and T is the number of sampling points of any sensor; Any row of the stress distribution matrix corresponds to the stress value collected by the same sensor at each moment, and any column corresponds to the stress value collected by each sensor at the same moment; The covariance matrix is ​​a matrix with N rows and N columns, which is used to describe the correlation between signals collected by different sensors in the sensor array; The spatial spectrum of the stress wave is used to describe the energy intensity of the stress wave in each direction of the high-strength steel template and to locate the propagation direction of the stress wave; in the spatial spectrum, the stress wave is The energy intensity in the corresponding direction is recorded as ; Any angle used to describe the direction of the stress wave relative to the sensor array.

4. The method for real-time monitoring of stress distribution of a high-strength steel formwork according to claim 3, wherein: Performing peak detection on the spatial spectrum of the stress wave to obtain the stress transfer area; specifically comprising: Setting an energy intensity threshold; reading the energy intensity in the direction corresponding to each angle in the spatial spectrum of the stress wave; Marking all directions with energy intensities greater than the energy intensity threshold as stress transfer directions; Based on the stress transmission direction, a stress transmission area is determined; the stress transmission area is an area consisting of sensors included in all stress transmission directions.

5. The method for real-time monitoring of stress distribution of a high-strength steel formwork according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reconstructing the propagation path of the stress wave specifically includes: Recording adjacent sensor pairs consisting of any two adjacent sensors in the stress transfer area; reading sensing signals of sensors included in each group of adjacent sensor pairs based on the stress distribution matrix; Calculate the stress wave time difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs; Calculating the stress wave path difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs based on the stress wave time difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs; Establishing a coordinate system and recording the coordinates of each sensor in the sensor array in the coordinate system; Based on the stress wave path difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs in the stress transfer area and the coordinates of the sensors in the coordinate system, the propagation path equation of the stress wave is fitted to obtain the propagation path of the stress wave.

6. The method for real-time monitoring of stress distribution of a high-strength steel formwork according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for calculating the stress wave time difference of each group of adjacent sensor pairs is as follows: The generalized cross-correlation coefficients of the sensor signals of the sensors included in each group of adjacent sensor pairs at different time delays are calculated; if the maximum value of the generalized cross-correlation coefficients at different time delays is greater than a preset correlation threshold, the time delay corresponding to the maximum value of the generalized cross-correlation coefficient is the stress wave time difference of the adjacent sensor pairs.

7. The method for real-time monitoring of stress distribution of a high-strength steel formwork according to claim 6, characterized in that: The phase distortion is the phase difference between the stress wave before and after passing through the joint; The calculation of the phase distortion of the stress wave when passing through the joint of the high-strength steel template specifically includes: Calculate the trajectory equation of any joint seam in the coordinate system; Based on the trajectory equation of the joint and the propagation path of the stress wave, it is determined whether the stress wave passes through the joint; if the stress wave passes through any joint, the phase distortion of the stress wave when passing through the joint is calculated.

8. The method for real-time monitoring of stress distribution of a high-strength steel formwork according to claim 7, characterized in that: The calculation of the phase distortion of the stress wave when passing through the joint of the high-strength steel template also includes: Extract the sensing signals of the two sensors in the adjacent sensor pair corresponding to the stress wave passing through the joint, and record them as and ; right and Perform bandpass filtering and and Decompose into component signals of m frequency bands; respectively and Perform Hilbert transform on the component signal of the corresponding frequency band to obtain the phase of the component signal of the corresponding frequency band; calculate and The phase difference of the component signals of the corresponding frequency band is obtained to obtain the phase distortion of the corresponding frequency band.

9. The method for real-time monitoring of stress distribution of a high-strength steel formwork according to claim 8, wherein: Based on the phase distortion, an early warning is issued for the risk of peeling of the joints of the high-strength steel formwork, specifically including: Conducting a stress wave cross-joint experiment on a high-strength steel template; recording phase difference data of the stress wave in each frequency band before and after passing through the joint of the high-strength steel template; and setting a phase difference threshold range for each frequency band based on the phase difference data; If the phase distortion of each frequency band is within the phase difference threshold range of the corresponding frequency band, there is no peeling risk in the splicing seam of the high-strength steel formwork; otherwise, there is a peeling risk in the splicing seam of the high-strength steel formwork, and a peeling risk warning message is sent.

10. A real-time monitoring system for stress distribution of a high-strength steel formwork, which is used to implement the real-time monitoring method for stress distribution of a high-strength steel formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: It includes data acquisition module, data processing module, stress analysis module, path reconstruction module, phase calculation module and risk warning module; among which: The data acquisition module synchronously collects the stress value of each position of the high-strength steel template through the sensor array; The data processing module is used to construct the stress distribution matrix of the high-strength steel formwork; The stress analysis module identifies the stress transfer area of ​​the stress wave based on the stress distribution matrix; The path reconstruction module reconstructs the propagation path of the stress wave based on the sensing signals of the sensors in the stress transmission area; The phase calculation module is used to determine whether the stress wave passes through the joint. If so, the sensor signals of the corresponding adjacent sensor pairs are extracted to calculate the phase distortion of stress waves of different frequency bands when passing through the joint. The risk warning module issues an early warning for the risk of joint peeling of high-strength steel formwork based on the phase distortion of the stress wave in each frequency band.

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