Compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device and a working method thereof, and relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic power generation, the compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device comprises a thermoelectric power generation module, an optical splitter module and a photovoltaic cell module; the thermoelectric power generation module is of a vertical structure, is perpendicular to the placement plane of the coupling device, and sequentially comprises a radiation refrigeration layer, a thermoelectric device and a solar heat collection layer. The optical splitter module comprises a cold-end optical splitter on the same side as the cold end of the thermoelectric device and a hot-end optical splitter on the same side as the hot end of the thermoelectric device, the cold-end optical splitter and the hot-end optical splitter are separately arranged on the two sides of the thermoelectric power generation module and are obliquely arranged, the cold-end optical splitter and the radiation refrigeration layer form an included angle of a set angle, and the hot-end optical splitter and the solar heat collection layer form an included angle of a set angle; and the photovoltaic cell module comprises two photovoltaic cells which are parallel to the placement plane of the coupling device and are connected with the lower end of the optical splitter. According to the invention, full-spectrum-range utilization of solar energy, all-weather power generation and stability of system power generation are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Solar power generation has developed significantly in recent years due to the abundance of solar energy resources, which can be converted into a variety of other forms of energy and are safe and clean. However, due to the mismatch between the material bandgap spectrum of photovoltaic cells and the solar spectrum, the close relationship between the power generation of photovoltaic power generation and the intensity of solar radiation, and the intermittent and unstable nature of photovoltaic power generation, the efficiency of traditional photovoltaic power generation is affected by weather and light conditions, and energy storage systems are needed to balance the supply and demand of electricity. In addition, due to the limitation of light time, it is difficult to achieve full-day power generation, so the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is unstable.

[0003] The prior art discloses several photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling power generation systems, one of which is to use a combination of thin-film photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric modules, the second is to design a split-type photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling power generation system, and the third is to design a photovoltaic-phase change-thermoelectric coupling system; the prior art still faces some problems, such as unstable system temperature, low solar energy utilization efficiency, and conflicts between the temperature characteristics of photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric devices. In addition, there is no invention device that efficiently utilizes solar heat sources and deep space cold sources, making it difficult to achieve all-weather clean power generation and higher power generation efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present disclosure proposes a compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device and a working method thereof, which ensures the utilization of the full spectrum range of solar energy, all-weather power generation and the stability of system power generation.

[0005] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions: A compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device, comprising a thermoelectric power generation module, a light splitter module and a photovoltaic cell module; The thermoelectric power generation module is a vertical structure, perpendicular to the placement plane of the coupling device, and includes a radiation cooling layer, a thermoelectric device and a solar heat collection layer in sequence; The spectrometer module includes a cold-end spectrometer on the same side as the cold end of the thermoelectric device and a hot-end spectrometer on the same side as the hot end of the thermoelectric device, which are separated on both sides of the thermoelectric power generation module and placed obliquely. The cold-end spectrometer and the radiation cooling layer form a set angle, and the hot-end spectrometer and the solar heat collection layer form a set angle. The cold-end spectrometer fully transmits the solar spectrum and reflects the infrared radiation emitted by the radiation cooling layer. The hot-end spectrometer transmits the sunlight that coincides with the absorption spectrum of the photovoltaic cell, and reflects the sunlight of the remaining wavelengths to the solar heat collection layer. The photovoltaic cell module includes two photovoltaic cells, which are parallel to the placement plane of the coupling device and are connected to the lower end of the light splitter.

[0006] Furthermore, the thermoelectric device utilizes the temperature difference formed by the heat difference between the hot and cold ends to generate electric energy through the Seebeck effect. The radiative cooling layer is connected to the cold end of the thermoelectric device and dissipates heat to the cold end through radiative heat transfer. The solar heat collection layer is connected to the hot end of the thermoelectric device, absorbs solar radiant energy and converts it into heat energy to be transferred to the hot end.

[0007] Furthermore, the radiative cooling layer includes radiative cooling paint or a radiative cooling film. The radiative cooling paint is directly sprayed onto the cold end of the thermoelectric device, and the radiative cooling film is connected to the cold end of the thermoelectric device through a thermally conductive structural adhesive.

[0008] Furthermore, the light splitter is a curved surface or a straight surface. The curved surface reduces the height of the thermoelectric power generation module, reduces the shading area, and increases the area of the photovoltaic cell by increasing the width of the light splitter.

[0009] Furthermore, the solar heat collection layer includes a solar selective absorption layer and aerogel. Sunlight first passes through the aerogel and then reaches the solar selective absorption layer, and the solar selective absorption layer converts the received solar radiant energy into heat energy.

[0010] Furthermore, the solar heat collection layer includes a phase change heat storage device, which absorbs the heat energy transferred by the solar selective absorption layer, stably outputs it to the hot end of the thermoelectric device, and stores the remaining heat energy for maintaining the temperature of the hot end of the thermoelectric device at night.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom of the photovoltaic cell is thermally connected to a photovoltaic phase change heat storage device, and a thermal diode is used to connect the photovoltaic phase change heat storage device and the phase change heat storage device, so that heat can only flow unidirectionally from the photovoltaic phase change heat storage device to the phase change heat storage device.

[0012] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions: A compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device array includes a plurality of basic array units connected in sequence, and the basic array unit is the above-mentioned compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device. The photovoltaic cell absorbs the transmitted sunlight and generates electric energy by using the photovoltaic effect. Part of the sunlight reflected by the photovoltaic cell returns to the surface of the photovoltaic cell through two reflections of two adjacent light splitters and participates in power generation again.

[0013] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions: A working method of a compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device includes: When there is solar radiation during the day, the hot-end spectroscope transmits the sunlight that coincides with the absorption spectrum of the photovoltaic cell to the photovoltaic cell connected to the lower end to generate electricity, and reflects the solar radiation that does not coincide to the solar heat collection layer; the cold-end spectroscope transmits the entire solar spectrum to the photovoltaic cell to generate electricity, and reflects the infrared radiation emitted by the radiative cooling layer to deep space; the radiative cooling layer dissipates heat at the cold end and provides a low temperature at the cold end, and the solar heat collection layer converts solar radiant energy into heat energy and transfers it to the thermoelectric device, and the thermoelectric device generates electricity by using the temperature difference formed by the heat difference between the hot and cold ends; When there is no solar radiation at night, only the characteristic that the low temperature at the cold end provided by the radiative cooling layer is always lower than the temperature at the hot end is utilized to ensure continuous power generation.

[0014] Furthermore, when the solar heat collection layer includes a phase change heat storage device, the working method further includes: When there is solar radiation during the day, it absorbs the heat energy transmitted by the solar energy selective absorption layer, stably outputs it to the hot end of the thermoelectric device, and stores the remaining heat energy; When there is no solar radiation at night, the phase change heat storage device releases the heat energy absorbed during the day to maintain the temperature at the hot end of the thermoelectric device.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present disclosure are: (1) The photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device proposed by the present invention is based on a vertical structure and uses a unique compact structure design scheme. Within a limited space range, it can achieve an efficient layout of the power generation components and achieve a high power generation efficiency.

[0016] (2) The photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device proposed by the present invention uses the spectroscopes on both sides to fully and effectively utilize the entire solar spectrum band. In combination with the radiative cooling coating and the phase change heat storage device, it ensures the stability of the temperatures at both ends of the thermoelectric device during the day and at night, solves the problem of temperature instability caused by fluctuations in solar irradiance intensity, and thus realizes all-weather power generation; moreover, the requirements for the use environmental conditions are relatively low, and only by exchanging heat with space can the power generation goal be achieved. This characteristic enables it to break through the limitations of many complex environmental conditions, effectively expands the application scenarios of the product, and ensures stable operation in different regions and environmental conditions.

[0017] (3) Using the radiative cooling coating effectively ensures that the cold end is in a constant low temperature state, effectively solves the problem that traditional power generation devices are affected by day-night alternation and environmental temperature changes, and realizes all-weather uninterrupted power generation of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The schematic diagrams forming a part of the present disclosure are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions thereof of the present disclosure are used to explain the present disclosure and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device of Embodiment 1.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the solar collector without a phase change heat storage device in Embodiment 1.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the optical splitter in Embodiment 1.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the coupling device with a curved optical splitter in Embodiment 2.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the solar collector with a phase change heat storage device in Embodiment 3.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device with a photovoltaic phase change heat storage device in Embodiment 4.

[0025] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device array in Embodiment 5.

[0026] Figure 8 It is a working schematic diagram of Embodiment 6 under the condition of solar radiation during the day.

[0027] Figure 9 It is a working schematic diagram of Embodiment 6 under the condition of no solar radiation at night.

[0028] In the figure: cold-end optical splitter 1; radiative cooling layer 2; thermoelectric device 3; solar heat collection layer 4; hot-end optical splitter 5; photovoltaic cell 6; phase change heat storage device 7; solar selective absorption layer 8; aerogel 9; thermal diode 10; photovoltaic phase change heat storage device 11; rectangular high-transmission glass sheet 12; SiO2 13; Ag 14. Specific embodiments

[0029] The present disclosure will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all exemplary and are intended to provide further explanations of the present disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs.

[0031] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms are also intended to include the plural forms. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0032] Embodiment 1 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device is provided, as Figure 1 shown, including a cold-end beam splitter 1, a radiative cooling layer 2, a thermoelectric device 3, a solar heat collection layer 4, a hot-end beam splitter 5, and a photovoltaic cell 6.

[0033] In this structure, the radiative cooling layer 2, the thermoelectric device 3, and the solar heat collection layer 4 are perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The right end of the radiative cooling layer 2 is connected to the cold end of the thermoelectric device 3, and the solar heat collection layer 4 is connected to the hot end of the thermoelectric device 3.

[0034] The thermoelectric device 3 utilizes the temperature difference formed by the heat difference between the hot and cold ends to generate electric energy through the Seebeck effect. Its specific implementation forms include, but are not limited to, traditional thermoelectric devices 3, nanostructured thermoelectric devices 3, flexible thin-film thermoelectric devices 3, etc. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable thermoelectric module type according to the actual scenario.

[0035] The radiative cooling layer 2 has the characteristics of low solar absorptance and high infrared emissivity. Therefore, the radiative cooling layer 2 does not absorb solar spectral radiation, but dissipates the heat at the cold end of the thermoelectric device 3 to the environment through infrared radiation heat transfer with deep space, ensuring a low temperature at the cold end.

[0036] Optionally, the radiative cooling layer 2 includes radiative cooling paint or a radiative cooling film; if the radiative cooling layer 2 selects radiative cooling paint, preferably, the radiative cooling paint can be directly sprayed onto the cold end of the thermoelectric device 3. Optionally, the radiative cooling paint includes white paint, paint with structural color, etc.; if the radiative cooling layer 2 selects a radiative cooling film, preferably, the radiative cooling film is connected to the cold end of the thermoelectric device 3 through a thermally conductive structural adhesive. Optionally, the radiative cooling film includes a solar reflector, a polyimide aluminized film, an F46 silver-plated film, etc.

[0037] The solar heat collection layer 4 is used to absorb solar radiant energy and convert it into heat energy to be transferred to the hot end of the thermoelectric device 3, as Figure 2 shown, the solar heat collection layer 4 includes a solar selective absorption layer 8 and an aerogel 9. The aerogel 9 is concave in cross-section and wraps the solar selective absorption layer 8.

[0038] The solar selective absorption layer 8 has the characteristics of high solar absorptance and low infrared emissivity. Optionally, the solar selective absorption layer 8 is a copper-manganese composite oxide, a black nickel coating, a semiconductor intrinsic absorption coating, etc., to ensure the solar spectrum absorption performance and thermal conductivity.

[0039] An insulating connection is adopted between the aerogel 9 and the solar selective absorption layer 8. The aerogel 9 has the characteristics of extremely low thermal conductivity and high solar spectrum transmittance. Optionally, the aerogel 9 is a silica aerogel 9, a polyimide-based aerogel 9, etc.

[0040] A thermal conductive silicone grease is used for bonding connection between the thermoelectric device 3 and the solar selective absorption layer 8 to reduce the contact thermal resistance between the devices.

[0041] The optical splitter module includes a cold-end optical splitter 1 and a hot-end optical splitter 5, which are located on both sides of the device respectively. The cold-end angle and the hot-end angle are both 45°. The lower end of the cold-end optical splitter 1 is adjacent to the lower end of the radiative cooling layer 2, and the lower end of the hot-end optical splitter 5 is adjacent to the lower end of the aerogel 9.

[0042] As Figure 3 shown, both the cold-end optical splitter 1 and the hot-end optical splitter 5 are multi-layer stacked structures with a glass substrate. Specifically, they are prepared by alternately depositing SiO2 13 and Ag 14 on a rectangular high-transmission glass sheet 12. Through structural fine-tuning, the cold-end optical splitter 1 can fully transmit the solar spectrum and fully reflect the infrared radiation emitted by the radiative cooling layer. The hot-end optical splitter 5 can transmit the sunlight that coincides with the absorption spectrum of the photovoltaic cell, and the sunlight with the remaining wavelengths will be reflected from the optical splitter to the solar selective absorption layer 8; the lower surfaces of the cold-end optical splitter 1 and the hot-end optical splitter 5 are adjusted through micro-nano structures to achieve total reflection of sunlight in a single direction.

[0043] The photovoltaic cell 6 module is composed of two photovoltaic cells 6. The photovoltaic cells 6 are placed at the bottom end of the device and are parallel to the horizontal plane. The right end of the left photovoltaic cell 6 is adjacent to the lower end of the cold-end optical splitter 1, and the left end of the right photovoltaic cell 6 is adjacent to the lower end of the hot-end optical splitter 5; the photovoltaic cell 6 matches the transmission spectrum of the optical splitter, and its surface area should be larger than the area of the light spot formed by the transmitted light of the optical splitter on the surface of the photovoltaic cell 6.

[0044] The photovoltaic cell 6 is any structure that converts light energy into electrical energy based on the photovoltaic effect, and its specific implementation forms include but are not limited to single-crystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon cells, amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide thin-film cells, perovskite cells, quantum dot cells, organic photovoltaic cells 6, tandem cells, spectral splitting cells, etc.

[0045] Example 2 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device is provided. The overall structural design is consistent with that of Example 1. The difference is that, as Figure 4As shown, the beam splitter of this device is designed with a curved surface, and the width of the beam splitter is longer than that of the beam splitter in Embodiment 1.

[0046] As Figure 4 shown, this device includes a cold-end beam splitter 1, a radiative cooling layer 2, a thermoelectric device 3, a solar heat collection layer 4, a hot-end beam splitter 5, and a photovoltaic cell 6. The purpose of this embodiment is to change the shape of the beam splitter (for light concentration), increase the heat collection area of a single unit of this device, and to a certain extent reduce the height of the thermoelectric power generation module of the device, reduce the shading area, and increase the area of the photovoltaic cell 6 board of a single unit device, in order to achieve a further compact design of the device structure and achieve the purpose of improving the power generation efficiency of the device per unit space.

[0047] Embodiment 3 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device is provided. The overall structural design is consistent with that of Embodiment 1. The difference is that, as Figure 5 shown, the solar heat collection layer 4 further includes a phase change heat storage device 7. The phase change heat storage device 7 is used to absorb the heat energy transferred by the solar selective absorption layer, stably output it to the hot end of the thermoelectric device, and store the remaining heat energy for maintaining the hot end temperature of the thermoelectric device at night, and can also be used to solve the problem of unstable hot end temperature of the thermoelectric device 3 caused by the fluctuation of solar irradiance intensity during the day.

[0048] As Figure 5 shown, the solar heat collection layer 4 includes a phase change heat storage device 7, a solar selective absorption layer 8, and an aerogel 9. The phase change heat storage device 7 is composed of a heat-conducting outer shell and a phase change material. The outer shell in contact with the hot end of the thermoelectric device 3 is the heat-releasing end, and the outer shell in contact with the solar selective absorption layer 8 is the heat-absorbing end. Both the heat-releasing end and the heat-absorbing end are heat-conductively connected.

[0049] A heat-conducting silicone grease is used for connection between the heat-absorbing end of the phase change heat storage device 7 and the solar selective absorption layer 8, and between the heat-releasing end of the phase change heat storage device 7 and the hot end of the thermoelectric device 3.

[0050] Specifically, the material of the heat-conducting outer shell is copper or aluminum. The outer surface not in contact with other devices is wrapped with an aerogel 9, and a fin structure is added to the heat-releasing end to improve the heat conductivity of the housing; the phase change material is paraffin, and expanded graphite and copper foam are added to improve the heat conductivity of the paraffin; The purpose of this embodiment is to add a phase change heat storage device 7 to improve the system stability by sacrificing part of the device volume while ensuring the same power generation of a single unit device.

[0051] Embodiment 4 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device is provided. The overall structural design is consistent with that of Embodiment 3. The difference is that a photovoltaic phase change heat storage device 11 is laid at the bottom of the photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic phase change heat storage device 11 is used to absorb and store the waste heat generated during the power generation process of the photovoltaic cell 6.

[0052] As Figure 6 shown, the bottom of the photovoltaic cell 6 is connected to the photovoltaic phase change heat storage device 11. By utilizing the phase change characteristics of the phase change material, it is ensured that the photovoltaic cell 6 is at an appropriate operating temperature and the heat is collected.

[0053] The photovoltaic phase change heat storage device 11 is composed of a heat conduction outer shell and a phase change material, and it is required that the phase change temperature of the phase change material is within the appropriate operating temperature range of the photovoltaic cell 6.

[0054] Specifically, the material of the heat conduction outer shell is copper or aluminum. The outer surface that is not in contact with other devices is wrapped with aerogel 9, and a fin structure is added to the heat release end to improve the heat conduction performance of the housing; the phase change material is paraffin, and expanded graphite and copper foam are added to improve the heat conduction performance of the paraffin.

[0055] The bottom of the photovoltaic cell 6 is conductively connected to the photovoltaic phase change heat storage device 11, and the photovoltaic phase change heat storage device 11 and the surrounding aerogel 9 are thermally insulated.

[0056] A thermal diode 10 is used to connect the phase change heat storage device 7 and the photovoltaic phase change heat storage device 11 to ensure the unidirectional flow of heat from the photovoltaic phase change heat storage device to the phase change heat storage device under different conditions.

[0057] When the temperature of the photovoltaic phase change heat storage device 11 is higher than that of the phase change heat storage device 7, the heat is conducted from the photovoltaic phase change heat storage device 11 to the phase change heat storage device 7 through the thermal diode 10, and is used to maintain the hot end temperature of the thermoelectric device at night.

[0058] Embodiment 5 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device array is provided, which includes a plurality of basic array units connected in sequence. The basic array unit is the compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device provided in Embodiments 1-4.

[0059] As Figure 7 shown, in the array structure, it includes a cold-end optical splitter 1, a radiative cooling layer 2, a thermoelectric device 3, a solar heat collection layer 4, a hot-end optical splitter 5, a photovoltaic cell 6, a phase change heat storage device 7, a solar absorption layer 8, aerogel 9, a thermal diode 10, and a photovoltaic phase change heat storage device 11; among them, the solar heat collection layer 4 includes a phase change heat storage device 7, a solar absorption layer 8, and aerogel 9.

[0060] In this array structure, the top end of the cold-end beam splitter 1 is connected to the top end of the hot-end beam splitter 5 of the adjacent array unit. The photovoltaic cells 6 of the adjacent array units can be directly spliced, or a complete photovoltaic cell 6 can be placed between the two unit devices.

[0061] In another embodiment, the top end of the cold-end beam splitter 1 can be connected to the top end of the cold-end beam splitter 1 of the adjacent array unit, and the top end of the hot-end beam splitter 5 can be connected to the top end of the hot-end beam splitter 5 of the adjacent array unit.

[0062] The photovoltaic cell absorbs the transmitted sunlight and generates electric energy using the photovoltaic effect. Part of the sunlight reflected by the photovoltaic cell returns to the surface of the photovoltaic cell through two reflections of two adjacent beam splitters and participates in power generation again.

[0063] Embodiment 6 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a working method of a compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device is provided, including: When there is solar radiation during the day, the hot-end beam splitter transmits the sunlight that coincides with the absorption spectrum of the photovoltaic cell to the photovoltaic cell connected to the lower end to generate electric energy, and reflects the solar radiation that does not coincide to the solar heat collection layer; the cold-end beam splitter transmits the entire solar spectrum to the photovoltaic cell to generate electric energy, and reflects the infrared radiation emitted by the radiative cooling layer to deep space; the radiative cooling layer dissipates heat from the cold end and provides a low temperature at the cold end, the solar heat collection layer converts solar radiation energy into heat energy and transfers it to the thermoelectric device, and the thermoelectric device generates electric energy using the temperature difference formed by the heat difference between the hot and cold ends; When there is no solar radiation at night, only the characteristic that the low temperature at the cold end provided by the radiative cooling layer is always lower than the temperature at the hot end is utilized to ensure continuous power generation.

[0064] Specifically, it includes two situations: the condition of having solar irradiation during the day and the condition of having no solar irradiation at night: 1. Under the condition of having solar irradiation during the day, as Figure 8 shown: (1) After the sunlight irradiates the hot-end beam splitter 5, the hot-end beam splitter 5 transmits the sunlight that coincides with the absorption spectrum of the photovoltaic cell to the photovoltaic cell 6 module, and the sunlight that does not coincide is reflected by the hot-end beam splitter 5 to the solar heat collection layer 4.

[0065] The photovoltaic cell 6 absorbs the sunlight and generates electric energy using the photovoltaic effect.

[0066] In the solar heat collection layer 4, the sunlight passes through the aerogel 9 and reaches the solar selective absorption layer 8.

[0067] The aerogel 9 layer transmits the vast majority of the sunlight to the solar selective absorption layer 8, and the solar selective absorption layer 8 converts the received solar radiation energy into heat energy.

[0068] When the solar heat collection layer 4 does not contain the phase change heat storage device 7, the solar selective absorption layer 8 directly transfers the converted thermal energy to the hot end of the thermoelectric device 3.

[0069] When the solar heat collection layer 4 contains the phase change heat storage device 7, the solar selective absorption layer 8 transfers the converted thermal energy to the phase change heat storage device 7; the phase change material of the phase change heat storage device 7 absorbs the heat transferred by the solar selective absorption layer 8, undergoes solid-liquid phase change, stores part of the heat in the form of thermal energy, and stably transfers part of the heat to the hot end of the thermoelectric device 3, solving the problem of unstable temperature at the hot end of the thermoelectric device 3 caused by the fluctuation of solar irradiance intensity during the day. The remaining heat is stored in the phase change material and used to maintain the temperature of the hot end of the thermoelectric device at night.

[0070] (2) After sunlight irradiates the cold end beam splitter 1, the cold end beam splitter 1 transmits the entire solar spectrum to the photovoltaic cell 6 and reflects the infrared radiation emitted by the radiative cooling layer 2 to deep space.

[0071] The radiative cooling layer 2 has the characteristics of low solar spectrum absorptivity and high infrared emissivity. Therefore, the radiative cooling layer 2 does not absorb solar spectrum radiation, but exchanges radiation heat with deep space through infrared radiation, dissipating the heat at the cold end of the thermoelectric device 3 to the environment to ensure a low temperature at the cold end.

[0072] (3) The thermoelectric device 3 generates electric energy through the Seebeck effect by utilizing the temperature difference formed by the heat difference between the hot and cold ends.

[0073] 2. Under the condition of no solar irradiation at night, the photovoltaic cell 6 does not work, as Figure 9 shown: (1) When containing the phase change heat storage device 7, the phase change heat storage device 7 releases the energy absorbed during the day to maintain the temperature of the hot end of the thermoelectric device 3.

[0074] (2) The infrared radiation emitted by the radiative cooling layer 2 is reflected from the cold end beam splitter 1 to deep space, and through radiation heat exchange with deep space, the heat at the cold end of the thermoelectric device 3 is dissipated to the environment to keep the cold end at a lower temperature.

[0075] (3) The thermoelectric device 3 generates electric energy through the Seebeck effect by utilizing the temperature difference formed by the heat difference between the hot and cold ends.

[0076] In both cases after the heat storage of the phase change heat storage device 7 is exhausted and when there is no phase change heat storage device 7, only by utilizing the characteristic that the low temperature at the cold end provided by the radiative cooling layer 2 is always lower than the temperature at the hot end, the purpose of continuous power generation is achieved.

[0077] Embodiment 7 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a working method of a compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device array is provided, including: 1. Under the condition of solar irradiation during the day, after sunlight irradiates the hot-end optical splitter 5, the hot-end optical splitter 5 transmits the sunlight that matches the bandgap width of the photovoltaic module to the photovoltaic cell module 6, and the sunlight of the remaining wavelengths is reflected by the hot-end optical splitter 5 onto the solar heat collection layer 4; after sunlight irradiates the cold-end optical splitter 1, the cold-end optical splitter 1 transmits the sunlight completely to the photovoltaic cell module 6; The photovoltaic cell 6 absorbs sunlight and generates electrical energy using the photovoltaic effect; part of the sunlight reflected by the photovoltaic cell 6 returns to the surface of the photovoltaic cell 6 through two reflections of two adjacent optical splitters and participates in power generation again to achieve the full utilization of light energy; the waste heat generated during the power generation process of the photovoltaic cell 6 is absorbed and stored by the photovoltaic phase change heat accumulator, and the photovoltaic cell is maintained at a suitable working temperature; The phase change material of the photovoltaic phase change heat accumulator 11 absorbs the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell 6, undergoes a solid-liquid phase change at the suitable working temperature of the photovoltaic cell 6, stores the heat transferred by the photovoltaic cell, and maintains the photovoltaic cell at a suitable working temperature; In the solar heat collection layer 4, sunlight passes through the aerogel 9 and reaches the solar selective absorption layer 8; The solar selective absorption layer 8 converts the received solar radiant energy into heat energy and transfers it to the phase change heat accumulator 7; The phase change material of the phase change heat accumulator 7 absorbs the heat transferred by the solar selective absorption layer, undergoes a solid-liquid phase change, part of the heat is stored in the phase change material, and part of the heat is transferred to the hot end of the thermoelectric device 3 through the heat conduction outer shell; The thermal diode 10 prevents heat from entering the photovoltaic phase change heat accumulator 11 from the phase change heat accumulator 7 with a higher temperature, ensuring that the hot-end temperature does not decrease; The radiative cooling layer 2 has a low solar spectral absorptivity and a high infrared emissivity. Therefore, the radiative cooling layer 2 does not absorb solar spectral radiation and dissipates the heat of the cold end of the thermoelectric device 3 to the environment through infrared radiation and radiative heat exchange with deep space; The thermoelectric device 3 generates electrical energy through the Seebeck effect using the temperature difference formed by the heat difference between the hot and cold ends.

[0078] 2. Under the condition of no solar radiation at night, the photovoltaic cell 6 does not work: The phase change heat accumulator 7 releases the heat absorbed during the day to maintain the hot-end temperature of the thermoelectric device 3; When the temperature of the photovoltaic phase change heat accumulator 11 is higher than that of the phase change heat accumulator 7, heat is introduced from the photovoltaic phase change heat accumulator 11 into the phase change heat accumulator 7 through the thermal diode; The infrared radiation emitted by the radiative cooling layer 2 is reflected from the cold-end optical splitter 1 to deep space, and the heat of the cold end of the thermoelectric device 3 is dissipated to the environment through infrared radiation and radiative heat exchange with deep space, keeping the cold end at a lower temperature; The thermoelectric device 3 utilizes the temperature difference formed by the heat difference between the hot and cold ends, and generates electrical energy through the Seebeck effect; In the case where the heat storage of the phase change heat storage device 7 and the photovoltaic phase change heat storage device 11 is exhausted, only the characteristic that the low temperature of the cold end provided by the radiation cooling layer 2 is always lower than the temperature of the hot end is utilized to achieve the purpose of continuous power generation.

[0079] This disclosure is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, and the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate a device for realizing the functions specified in one process Figure 1 one process or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 or multiple blocks.

[0080] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing devices, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable devices to generate a computer-implemented process. Thus, the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable devices provide steps for realizing the functions specified in one process Figure 1 one process or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 or multiple blocks.

[0081] Although the specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not a limitation on the protection scope of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that based on the technical solutions of the present disclosure, various modifications or deformations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative efforts are still within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device, characterized in that, It includes a thermoelectric power generation module, a light splitter module and a photovoltaic cell module; The thermoelectric power generation module is a vertical structure, perpendicular to the placement plane of the coupling device, and includes a radiation cooling layer, a thermoelectric device and a solar heat collection layer in sequence; The spectrometer module includes a cold-end spectrometer on the same side as the cold end of the thermoelectric device and a hot-end spectrometer on the same side as the hot end of the thermoelectric device, which are separated on both sides of the thermoelectric power generation module and placed obliquely. The cold-end spectrometer and the radiation cooling layer form a set angle, and the hot-end spectrometer and the solar heat collection layer form a set angle. The cold-end spectrometer fully transmits the solar spectrum and reflects the infrared radiation emitted by the radiation cooling layer. The hot-end spectrometer transmits the sunlight that coincides with the absorption spectrum of the photovoltaic cell, and reflects the sunlight of the remaining wavelengths to the solar heat collection layer. The photovoltaic cell module comprises two photovoltaic cells, which are parallel to the placement plane of the coupling device and connected to the lower end of the beam splitter.

2. The compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermoelectric device utilizes the temperature difference formed by the heat difference between the cold and hot ends to generate electrical energy through the Seebeck effect; The radiation cooling layer is connected to the cold end of the thermoelectric device to dissipate heat for the cold end through radiation heat exchange; The solar energy heat collection layer is connected to the hot end of the thermoelectric device, absorbs solar radiation energy and converts it into heat energy and transmits it to the hot end.

3. A compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The radiation cooling layer includes radiation cooling paint or radiation cooling film, the radiation cooling paint is directly sprayed onto the cold end of the thermoelectric device, and the radiation cooling film is connected to the cold end of the thermoelectric device via a heat-conducting structural adhesive.

4. A compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The beam splitter is a curved surface or a straight surface. The curved surface reduces the height of the thermoelectric power generation module, reduces the shading area, and increases the area of ​​the photovoltaic cell by increasing the width of the beam splitter.

5. A compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The solar energy heat collection layer comprises a solar energy selective absorption layer and an aerogel. Sunlight first passes through the aerogel and then reaches the solar energy selective absorption layer. The solar energy selective absorption layer converts the received solar radiation energy into heat energy.

6. A compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The solar energy collection layer includes a phase change heat storage device, which absorbs the heat energy transferred by the solar energy selective absorption layer and outputs it stably to the hot end of the thermoelectric device. The remaining heat energy is stored and used to maintain the hot end temperature of the thermoelectric device at night.

7. A compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom of the photovoltaic cell is thermally connected to the photovoltaic phase change heat storage device, and the photovoltaic phase change heat storage device and the phase change heat storage device are connected by a thermal diode, so that heat can only flow in one direction from the photovoltaic phase change heat storage device to the phase change heat storage device.

8. A compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device array, characterized in that, It comprises a plurality of basic array units connected in sequence, wherein the basic array unit is a compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7; Photovoltaic cells absorb transmitted sunlight and use the photovoltaic effect to generate electricity. Some of the sunlight reflected by the photovoltaic cells is reflected twice by two adjacent splitters and returns to the surface of the photovoltaic cells to participate in power generation again.

9. A working method of the compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: When there is solar radiation during the day, the hot-end spectroscope transmits the sunlight that coincides with the absorption spectrum of the photovoltaic cell to the photovoltaic cell connected at the lower end to generate electric energy, and reflects the solar radiation that does not coincide to the solar energy heat collection layer; the cold-end spectroscope transmits the entire solar spectrum to the photovoltaic cell to generate electric energy, and reflects the infrared radiation emitted by the radiative cooling layer to deep space; the radiative cooling layer dissipates heat at the cold end and provides a low temperature at the cold end, and the solar energy heat collection layer converts solar radiant energy into heat energy and transfers it to the thermoelectric device, and the thermoelectric device generates electric energy by using the temperature difference formed by the heat difference between the hot and cold ends; When there is no solar radiation at night, only the characteristic that the low temperature at the cold end provided by the radiative cooling layer is constantly lower than the temperature at the hot end is utilized to ensure continuous power generation.

10. The working method of a compact all-weather photovoltaic-thermoelectric coupling device as described in claim 9, characterized in that, When the solar energy heat collection layer includes a phase change heat storage device, the working method further includes: When there is solar radiation during the day, it absorbs the heat energy transmitted by the solar energy selective absorption layer, stably outputs it to the hot end of the thermoelectric device, and stores the remaining heat energy; When there is no solar radiation at night, the phase change heat storage device releases the heat energy absorbed during the day to maintain the temperature at the hot end of the thermoelectric device.

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