A high-yield cultivation method for enhancing stress resistance of camellia oleifera

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of enhanced camellia oleifera stress resistance high-yield cultivation method, comprising the following steps: selecting acid, acid red soil deep ploughing and planting GuiLin Honghua camellia oleifera etc. Excellent variety;Planting year applies farmyard manure and special compound fertilizer;Second year is according to spring shoot, flowering, stage fertilization after fruit picking and micro-spraying belt irrigation;Third year starts to implement spring shoot start period, before flowering, three stages of fertilization after fruit picking, with annular ditch and control wet irrigation;Weeding, pruning, picking every year in spring and autumn, improve the stress resistance and stable capacity of camellia oleifera;The application selects excellent camellia oleifera variety with strong stress resistance, combines acid soil deep ploughing and fertilization optimization root system environment, uses hormone compound compound fertilizer and divides stage application and cooperates micro-spraying belt irrigation, can realize water and fertilizer precision control, while supporting pruning control flower and green pest control measures, can comprehensively improve the survival rate, stress resistance and yield stability of camellia oleifera under drought, high temperature, adversity conditions such as disease and insect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of camellia cultivation, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method for enhancing the stress resistance of camellia. BACKGROUND

[0002] Camellia is a unique important woody oil tree species in China, widely distributed in Hunan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Guangdong and other southern provinces, and the tea oil extracted from its seeds has high unsaturated fatty acid content, unique flavor and high nutritional and health value, and is an ecological and economic crop that is vigorously promoted by the state; in recent years, with the increasing attention of people to healthy vegetable oil, the camellia industry has developed rapidly, but there are still many deficiencies in its cultivation and management techniques, which restrict the stable yield increase and sustainable development of the industry.

[0003] In the existing camellia cultivation technology, some forest farmers do not consider the soil pH, texture and slope conditions, resulting in limited development of planted camellia, low water and fertilizer utilization rate, and thus reducing the physiological resistance of the plant; secondly, the camellia variety with strong regional adaptability, disease and insect resistance and excellent stress resistance is not considered when planting seedlings, resulting in problems such as frequent diseases after afforestation, uneven growth, and low fruiting rate; and, the traditional camellia fertilization often has problems such as single type of fertilizer, unreasonable nutrient ratio, random fertilization time and position, lack of scientific irrigation and nutrient coordination mechanism, resulting in decreased stress tolerance of camellia, and even yellowing of leaves and fruit drop; in addition, in the prevention and control of diseases and pests, there is a lack of systematic green prevention and control strategy, especially the identification and prevention and control precision of anthracnose, soft rot and various pests are insufficient, often causing untimely prevention and control or improper use of pesticides, and aggravating the stress burden of the plant.

[0004] Therefore, the existing technology has defects and needs to be improved. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a high-yield cultivation method for enhancing the stress resistance of camellia with high yield and high fruiting rate.

[0006] To achieve this purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A high-yield cultivation method for enhancing the stress resistance of camellia, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1, site preparation: selecting acid red soil or sandy loam soil with pH of 5.5-6.5 and soil layer thickness not less than 1m, and site with sunny or semi-sunny slope with slope not more than 25°, and deep plowing the forest land 20-30cm;

[0009] S2, select Guilin Honghua Camellia, Gui North Red Hair Camellia or Guangdong Big Fruit Camellia variety for planting, seedling height is not less than 30 cm, ground diameter is not less than 0.4 cm, and the density control is 75-100 plants per mu according to row spacing 2.5-3.0 m x 2.5-3.0 mm;

[0010] S3, water and fertilizer management: adopt phased fertilization irrigation, specifically:

[0011] S31, before autumn of the year of planting, during the process of land preparation, apply per mu of farmyard manure and special compound fertilizer mixed base material, the special compound fertilizer is oil tea slow-release compound fertilizer suitable for acid soil, the mass ratio of farmyard manure to special compound fertilizer is 50-100:1-3;

[0012] S32, the second year: before spring sprouting, apply special compound fertilizer in the outer periphery of the crown; within 10 days before the beginning of summer, apply quick-acting compound fertilizer, the quick-acting compound fertilizer is granular fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:10:10; within 10 days after fruit picking, apply a supplementary fertilizer, combined with micro-sprinkler irrigation, the irrigation amount is controlled at 4-6 m 3 per mu each time, and the irrigation time is 1-2 hours before sunset;

[0013] S33, the third year and after: implement three-stage fertilization of "spring shoot starting period, before flowering, and after fruit picking" every year, specifically: in the spring shoot starting period from late February to early March, apply compound fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen; before flowering in early July, apply compound fertilizer mainly containing phosphorus and potassium; after the fruit picking period from mid-October to early November, apply mixed fertilizer of compound fertilizer and farmyard manure, and apply it in the outer periphery of the crown by digging a ring-shaped ditch;

[0014] The irrigation method is to choose sunny evening or cloudy day for manual irrigation or drip irrigation, irrigate once every 7-10 days, and control the wetting depth to be 20-30 cm each time;

[0015] S4, forest management: weed twice a year in April-May and September-October, and carry out pruning work after the young trees are planted for one year, remove diseased and insect branches and overgrown branches, and retain 3-4 healthy main branches with a spacing of 10-15 cm between the main branches, and remove flower buds in time during the growth period to prevent excessive consumption of nutrients.

[0016] Using the above technical solution, after deep ploughing of the forest land in step S1, organic fertilizer is also applied, and the specific operation method is:

[0017] Set up a fertilization ditch according to the planting point or row spacing position, the ditch is 30-40 cm wide and 25-30 cm deep, and the organic fertilizer is uniformly applied in the fertilization ditch;

[0018] The organic fertilizer is mature pig manure, cow manure or poultry manure, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled at 20:1, the fertilization amount is 8-12 kg per planting hole, after fertilization, the fertilizer layer is covered with topsoil by 10-15 cm, and then compacted and backfilled, and then watered to make the fertilizer fully mixed with the soil and promote the release of humus.

[0019] The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer is as follows by using the technical scheme:

[0020] a) mixing sodium humate, biochar powder and calcium-magnesium-sulfur fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 5:3:2, adding a hormone compound liquid, a solid-liquid ratio of 1:0.15-0.25, and uniformly mixing to form a wet matrix;

[0021] b) adding a root growth promoting bacteria agent and chelated trace elements to the wet matrix, wherein the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Trichoderma harzianum in the root growth promoting bacteria agent is 10:1, and the total proportion is 1%, and the mass ratio of zinc, iron, boron and manganese in the chelated trace elements is 5:5:3:2, and the total content is 1.5%;

[0022] c) low-temperature granulation, the particle diameter is controlled at 2-4 mm, and then the basic nutrients mixed according to a mass ratio of 10:12:14 are fused and then compounded and granulated to form a double-layer structure;

[0023] d) coating and spraying treatment of the obtained granules by using attapulgite and organic silicone resin emulsion according to a mass ratio of 1:0.2-0.4, the spraying amount accounts for 0.05%-0.1% of the total mass, and the drying temperature is not higher than 60 DEG C.

[0024] By using the technical scheme, in step S32, the replenishing fertilizer is a mixture of special compound fertilizer and fermented organic fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 1:4-6, the fermented organic fertilizer is fully matured chicken manure, cow manure or bean cake fermentation product, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled at 15-20.

[0025] By using the technical scheme, in step S32, the micro-spraying belt is a low-pressure sprinkling irrigation device laid on the ground surface between tree rows, the nozzle spacing is 30-50 cm, the spraying width is 0.8-1.2 m, and the pressure is 0.1-0.2 MPa.

[0026] By using the technical scheme, in step S33, in the nitrogen-based compound fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 20:10:10; in the phosphorus and potassium-based compound fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 10:20:20; and the mixing mass ratio of the compound fertilizer and the farmyard manure is 1:5-8, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 15:15:15.

[0027] Adopting the technical scheme, the hormone compound liquid is composed of fucoidan, brassinolide and methyl salicylate, and the mass ratio among the three is 100-120:0.015-0.025:0.08-0.12.

[0028] Adopting the technical scheme, the pest control further includes the step S5:

[0029] Pest control: in the high incidence period of pests from April to June and September to October, 2.5% bromocyclen emulsion is diluted 5000 times, or green weili II preparation is diluted 200-300 times, and the whole tree ground spraying method is adopted for control; spraying is carried out every 7-10 days, and 2-3 times of continuous application is a cycle; at the same time, the insect lamp or yellow sticky insect board is set in the forest land for population control.

[0030] Adopting the technical scheme, the anthracnose control further includes: during the control period from June to September every year, 1% bordeaux liquid is diluted 500-800 times for whole tree spraying, spraying is carried out every 7 days, and 2-3 times of continuous spraying is carried out; in the early stage of disease, the diseased branches, withered buds and fallen fruits should be pruned and treated at the same time.

[0031] Adopting the technical scheme, the anthracnose control further includes: during the control period from June to September every year, 1% bordeaux liquid is diluted 500-800 times for whole tree spraying, spraying is carried out every 7 days, and 2-3 times of continuous spraying is carried out; in the early stage of disease, the diseased branches, withered buds and fallen fruits should be pruned and treated at the same time.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] The present application selects Guilin red camellia oleifera, northern Guangxi red camellia oleifera or Guangdong large fruit camellia oleifera and other strong stress-resistant camellia oleifera varieties, combines deep ploughing and application of decomposed organic fertilizer in acidic red soil or sandy soil, improves the rhizosphere environment, enhances the soil permeability and water retention, adopts the special compound fertilizer composed of hormone compound liquid, biochar powder and root system growth promoting agent in water and fertilizer management, and implements differential fertilization according to the stages of planting period, growth season, fruit picking and the like, and carries out low-pressure quantitative irrigation through micro-irrigation belt, so as to realize accurate nutrition supply and stable water potential regulation; at the same time, combined with spring and autumn pruning, flower control, weeding and other measures in the forest, as well as green control of pests, anthracnose, soft rot and other diseases, the adaptability and yield stability of camellia oleifera under multiple stresses such as drought, high temperature and disease pressure are improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and not to limit the present application. In addition, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples" described below means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms is not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the technical features involved in each embodiment of the present application can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0035] The present application provides a high-yield cultivation method for enhancing the stress resistance of Camellia oleifera, comprising the following steps:

[0036] S1, selecting and preparing the soil: selecting acid red soil or sandy soil with pH of 5.5-6.5 and soil layer thickness of not less than 1m, and sunny or semi-sunny slope land with slope of not more than 25°, deep plowing the forest land by 20-30cm; selecting acid red soil or sandy soil with pH of 5.5-6.5 can meet the adaptive needs of Camellia oleifera to weakly acidic, loose and well-ventilated soil, thereby benefiting the growth of root system and the absorption of nutrients; the soil layer thickness of not less than 1m can guarantee the deep and stable root system and improve the drought resistance; the sunny or semi-sunny slope land can increase the light, which is beneficial to the accumulation of photosynthetic products; the slope is controlled within 25° to avoid water and soil loss and facilitate field management; the deep plowing by 20-30cm is helpful to break the hardpan and improve the soil permeability, thereby providing a good rhizosphere environment for Camellia oleifera.

[0037] S2, selecting Guilinghonghua Camellia oleifera, Guibei Hongmao Camellia oleifera or Guangdong Daguocamellia oleifera varieties for planting, with seedling height of not less than 30cm, ground diameter of not less than 0.4cm, planting according to row spacing of 2.5-3.0m x 2.5-3.0mm, and controlling the density to be 75-100 plants per mu; Guilinghonghua Camellia oleifera, Guibei Hongmao Camellia oleifera or Guangdong Daguocamellia oleifera varieties are selected based on their comprehensive advantages in stress resistance, adaptability and oil production performance. These varieties are regionally selected and bred, and have strong drought resistance, disease resistance and adaptability to acidic soil, and are suitable for planting in the hilly and mountainous areas in the south; the requirement of seedling height of not less than 30cm and ground diameter of not less than 0.4cm can ensure the developed root system of the seedling, thereby improving the survival rate and stabilizing the early growth; the planting is configured according to row spacing of 2.5-3.0m, and 75-100 plants per mu, which can balance the relationship between ventilation and light, root system expansion and nutrient competition, and provide a spatial basis for subsequent stable flowering, continuous fruiting and enhanced stress resistance;

[0038] S3, water and fertilizer management: fertilization and irrigation are carried out in stages, specifically:

[0039] S31, before autumn of the planting year, during the process of land preparation, a base material mixed with farmyard manure and special-purpose compound fertilizer is applied per mu, the special-purpose compound fertilizer is a slow-release compound fertilizer for camellia oleifera suitable for acidic soil, the mass ratio of the farmyard manure to the special-purpose compound fertilizer is 50-100:1-3;

[0040] S32, the second year: before the spring sprouting, a special-purpose compound fertilizer is applied by ditching at the periphery of the crown; within 10 days before the beginning of summer, a quick-acting compound fertilizer is applied, the quick-acting compound fertilizer is a granular fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15:10:10; within 10 days after fruit picking, a supplementary fertilizer is applied, combined with micro-sprinkler irrigation, the irrigation amount is controlled at 4-6 m 3 per mu each time, and the irrigation time is 1-2 hours before sunset;

[0041] S33, the third year and the years thereafter: three-stage fertilization is implemented each year during the spring shoot starting period, before flowering and after fruit picking, specifically: during the spring shoot starting period from the end of February to the beginning of March, a compound fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen is applied; before flowering in the early July, a compound fertilizer mainly containing phosphorus and potassium is applied; after the fruit picking period from the middle of October to the beginning of November, a mixed fertilizer of a compound fertilizer and farmyard manure is applied, and the ring ditching method is adopted to apply the fertilizer at the periphery of the crown;

[0042] The irrigation method is artificial irrigation or drip irrigation performed in the evening on sunny days or on cloudy days, irrigation is performed once every 7-10 days, and the wetting depth is controlled at 20-30 cm each time;

[0043] The fertilization is divided into three stages, i.e., the planting year, the second year and the years thereafter, to match the actual nutrient requirements in different growth periods, so as to effectively reduce nutrient waste; the farmyard manure and the slow-release special-purpose compound fertilizer applied in the planting year can improve the basic soil fertility, increase the buffering capacity and the long-lasting fertilizer supply, and lay a good foundation for the rapid rooting and stable growth of the seedling; in the second year, different types of fertilizers are applied in sequence according to the spring shoot growth period, before flower bud differentiation and after fruit picking, so as to accurately supplement key elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, avoid adverse symptoms such as flower and fruit drop and poor flower bud differentiation due to nutrient deficiency, and improve the nutrient absorption efficiency by applying supplementary fertilizer and micro-sprinkler irrigation after fruit picking, and stabilize the root zone water potential by controlling the irrigation time and amount, so as to improve the drought and heat resistance; a three-stage fertilization system is established in the third year and the years thereafter, so that the plant nutrition and reserve rhythm are matched, the ring ditching method is adopted to concentrate nutrients in the root distribution area, and low-frequency deep irrigation is performed in the evening on sunny days or on cloudy days, so as to effectively reduce the adverse stress caused by high-temperature water transpiration and water potential fluctuation, thereby forming a sustainable, stable, resistant and efficient water and fertilizer supply system.

[0044] S4, forest management: 2 times of weeding in April-May and September-October each year, pruning work is carried out after the young trees are planted for 1 year, pruning diseased branches, overgrown branches, and retaining 3-4 healthy main branches, the distance between main branches is 10-15 cm, removing flower buds in time during the growth period to prevent excessive consumption of nutrients. Regular weeding in April-May and September-October can effectively reduce the competition of weeds for water and fertilizer resources, reduce the probability of disease and insect breeding, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of forest land, and is conducive to improving the photosynthetic efficiency of tree body and the utilization rate of soil water; Pruning is carried out after the young trees are planted for 1 year, which can dredge the tree crown by pruning diseased branches, overgrown branches and crossing branches, reduce nutrient consumption and disease transmission, and at the same time retain 3-4 healthy main branches with uniform distribution and control the distance between main branches within 10-15 cm, which can help to form a good tree shape structure and promote the growth of main stem and the reasonable distribution of fruit branches; Removing flower buds in time during the growth period, especially during the nutrient growth stage, can prevent the young trees from consuming a large amount of nutrients due to early fruiting, thereby ensuring the healthy growth of root system and branches and enhancing the drought resistance, disease resistance and stable yield capacity in later period.

[0045] Further, in step S1, after deep ploughing of the forest land, organic fertilizer is also applied to it, and the specific operation mode is: set up fertilizer trenches at the planting points or row spacing positions, the trench width is 30-40 cm, the depth is 25-30 cm, and the organic fertilizer is uniformly applied in the fertilizer trench; the organic fertilizer is fully decomposed pig manure, cow manure or poultry manure, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled within 20:1, the application amount is 8-12 kg per planting hole, after fertilization, the fertilizer layer is covered with 10-15 cm of surface soil, and then compacted and backfilled, and then watered to fully mix the fertilizer with the soil and promote the release of humus. By setting up a fertilizer trench with a width of 30-40 cm and a depth of 25-30 cm at the planting point or row spacing position, the fertility can be concentrated in the root distribution area to improve the local soil fertility; the applied organic fertilizer is fully decomposed pig manure, cow manure or poultry manure, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled within 20:1, which can not only provide slow-release nutrients for the soil, but also improve the soil aggregate structure through organic matter decomposition, thereby increasing the water and fertilizer retention capacity and improving the soil microbial activity; after applying 8-12 kg of organic fertilizer per hole, covering 10-15 cm of surface soil and compacting and backfilling, the fertilizer volatilization or loss can be effectively prevented, and then watering in time helps to fully mix the fertilizer with the soil, activate the release of humus, and form a rhizosphere environment rich in nutrients, high in buffer, suitable for root penetration and symbiotic flora establishment.

[0046] Further, the preparation method of the special compound fertilizer is as follows:

[0047] a) Mix sodium humate, biochar powder and calcium-magnesium-sulfur fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 5:3:2, add hormone compound liquid, the solid-liquid ratio is 1:0.15-0.25, mix uniformly to form a wet matrix;

[0048] b) adding root growth promoting bacteria and chelated trace elements into the wet substrate, wherein the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Trichoderma harzianum in the root growth promoting bacteria is 10:1, and the total proportion is 1%, and the mass ratio of zinc, iron, boron and manganese in the chelated trace elements is 5:5:3:2, and the total content is 1.5%;

[0049] c) performing low-temperature granulation to control the particle diameter at 2-4mm, and then melting and compounding the base nutrients mixed according to the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 10:12:14 to form a double-layer structure;

[0050] d) performing film coating spray treatment on the obtained particles using attapulgite and organic silicone resin emulsion at a mass ratio of 1:0.2-0.4, the spraying amount is 0.05%-0.1% of the total mass, and the drying temperature is not higher than 60°C.

[0051] Sodium humate, biochar powder and calcium-magnesium-sulfur fertilizer are mixed in a ratio of 5:3:2, and a hormone compound liquid composed of fucoidan, brassinolide and methyl salicylate is added to prepare a wet substrate rich in organic matter and active substances. The wet substrate has the functions of water retention, slow release and induction of plant stress enzyme expression. Secondly, root growth promoting bacteria composed of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum, and trace elements such as zinc, iron, boron and manganese are introduced into the wet substrate to enhance rhizosphere microecological activity, improve trace nutrient supply and increase the response speed of the root system to adversity. Then, low-temperature extrusion granulation is used to stabilize the particle size at 2-4mm, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are melted and compounded in a ratio of 10:12:14 to form an inner and outer two-layer structure, which can realize the graded release of quick-acting and long-acting nutrients. Finally, attapulgite and organic silicone resin emulsion are coated and sprayed at a ratio of 1:0.2-0.4, the spraying amount is controlled at 0.05%-0.1% of the total mass of the particles, and the drying temperature is below 60°C, which can enhance the anti-hygroscopicity and nutrient controlled release effect. The special compound fertilizer can ensure the comprehensive supply of nutrients, adjust the rhizosphere microenvironment, effectively enhance the plant stress resistance and prolong the fertilizer effect period.

[0052] Furthermore, in step S32, the supplemental fertilizer is a mixture of specialized compound fertilizer and fermented organic fertilizer at a mass ratio of 1:4-6. The fermented organic fertilizer is fully decomposed chicken manure, cow manure, or fermented soybean cake, with a carbon-nitrogen ratio controlled between 15-20. The supplemental fertilizer, composed of specialized compound fertilizer and fermented organic fertilizer at a mass ratio of 1:4-6, forms a compound fertilization system combining fast-acting and slow-release nutrients. The specialized compound fertilizer primarily provides fast-acting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, quickly replenishing the nutrients lost due to fruiting. The fermented organic fertilizer, composed of fully decomposed chicken manure, cow manure, or fermented soybean cake, with a carbon-nitrogen ratio controlled between 15-20, provides a stable source of organic matter for the soil, improves soil structure, enhances water and fertilizer retention capacity, and promotes the proliferation of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms. The combined application of both not only prolongs the fertilizer release cycle but also regulates soil physicochemical properties, enhances the root activity of the camellia oleifera, and improves its adaptability to environmental stress.

[0053] Furthermore, in step S32, the micro-sprinkler tape is a low-pressure sprinkler irrigation device laid on the ground between tree rows, with a nozzle spacing of 30-50cm, a spray width of 0.8-1.2m, and a pressure of 0.1-0.2MPa. The micro-sprinkler tape, laid on the ground between tree rows, with a nozzle spacing of 30-50cm, allows for relatively dense spraying distribution, ensuring water coverage of the main distribution area of ​​the camellia root system; the spray width controlled at 0.8-1.2m meets the irrigation width requirements between rows while avoiding water overflow or localized over-wetting; the irrigation working pressure of 0.1-0.2MPa is not only energy-saving and safe but also avoids damage to the nozzle structure caused by high pressure.

[0054] Furthermore, in step S33, in the nitrogen-based compound fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 20:10:10; in the phosphorus-potassium-based compound fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 10:20:20; and the mixing mass ratio of compound fertilizer to farmyard manure is 1:5-8, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 15:15:15. During the spring shoot initiation period, the plant enters a new peak of vegetative growth, increasing its demand for nitrogen. Using a nitrogen-dominant compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 20:10:10 can effectively promote rapid growth of branches and leaves and the formation of photosynthetic function. Before flowering, the plant shifts from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, increasing its demand for phosphorus and potassium. Applying a phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 10:20:20 can improve the quality of flower bud differentiation and the robustness of flower organs, enhancing resistance to flower drop and premature aging. After fruit harvesting, the plant consumes a large amount of nutrients. To restore tree vigor and accumulate stored nutrients, a balanced compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15:15:15 mixed with farmyard manure is recommended. The mass ratio of compound fertilizer to farmyard manure should be controlled at 1:5-8. This not only quickly replenishes inorganic nutrients but also improves soil organic matter content and microecological environment through farmyard manure, delaying fertilizer release and enhancing soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, thereby strengthening the camellia's adaptability and recovery ability to adverse climates and soil stress.

[0055] Further, the hormone compound liquid is composed of fucoidan, brassinolide and methyl salicylate, and the mass ratio among the three is 100-120:0.015-0.025:0.08-0.12. Fucoidan is rich in natural polysaccharides and marine trace elements, has good water retention, stress resistance and disease resistance induction function, and is the main carrier of the compound liquid; brassinolide, as a plant steroid hormone, can promote cell division and elongation, and improve the tolerance of plants to drought, high temperature and heavy metal stress; methyl salicylate, as a plant signal molecule, can enhance the immune response of plants to pathogenic bacteria and environmental stress.

[0056] Further, it further comprises the step S5 of pest control:

[0057] Pest control: in the high incidence period of 4-6 months and 9-10 months, 2.5% bromocyclen emulsion is diluted to 5000 times liquid, or green weili II preparation is diluted to 200-300 times liquid, and full tree ground spraying is adopted for control; spraying is carried out every 7-10 days, and 2-3 times of continuous spraying constitutes a cycle; at the same time, insect traps or yellow sticky insect boards are set in the forest land for population control. 2.5% bromocyclen emulsion is diluted to 5000 times liquid, or green weili II preparation is diluted to 200-300 times liquid, low-pressure sprayer is used to spray the crown and branches in the morning or evening on sunny days, spraying is carried out every 7-10 days, and 2-3 times of continuous spraying constitutes a control cycle, which helps to block the development stages of eggs, larvae and adults; at the same time, physical control means are combined, insect traps, yellow sticky insect boards and other devices are set in the forest land, and the phototaxis and chromotaxis behaviors are used to realize the population control of adults, which can effectively reduce the density of insect sources and the frequency of chemical pesticides, reduce environmental stress, realize the ecological resistance improvement and stable yield of camellia oleifera in the high pressure environment of pests.

[0058] Further, it further comprises anthracnose control: during the control period from June to September every year, 1% bordeaux liquid is diluted to 500-800 times for full tree spraying, spraying is carried out every 7 days, and 2-3 times of continuous spraying is carried out; in the early stage of the disease, diseased branches, withered buds and fallen fruits should be pruned and treated at the same time.

[0059] Further, it further comprises leaf spot and soft rot control: in the early stage of the disease, Beauveria bassiana or Penicillium preparation is sprayed on the leaf surface and soil surface, the viable bacterial content of the preparation is greater than or equal to 1x108 CFU / g, and the combined treatment of leaf surface spraying and hole spraying is carried out after dilution; spraying is carried out every 7-10 days, and 2-3 times of continuous control is carried out, and at the same time, the soil is deep ploughed in March-April to improve the soil permeability and prevent the formation of root wet rot environment. The viable bacterial content of the preparation is greater than or equal to 1x108 CFU / g, and the combined treatment of leaf surface spraying and hole spraying is carried out after dilution; spraying is carried out every 7-10 days, and 2-3 times of continuous control is carried out, and at the same time, the soil is deep ploughed in March-April to improve the soil permeability and prevent the formation of root wet rot environment. 8The Beauveria bassiana or Penicillium preparation with the CFU / g is diluted and applied by foliar spraying combined with hole irrigation, the antagonistic effect is utilized to inhibit the reproduction and infection of the pathogenic bacteria, the spraying is performed once every 7-10 days, the continuous prevention and treatment is performed 2-3 times, the disease course development can be effectively intervened, and the plant self-immune response can be activated; meanwhile, cultivation management is combined, once deep ploughing is performed in March-April every year, the soil ventilation and drainage conditions are improved, the rhizosphere water accumulation and anaerobic environment formation are reduced, the soft rot disease occurrence basis is weakened from the source, and a stable, permeable and disease-resistant soil micro-ecosystem is constructed, so that the overall adaptation and resistance of the oil tea to disease stress is improved.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] Embodiment 1 of the present application provides a high-yield cultivation method for enhancing the stress resistance of oil tea, comprising the following steps:

[0062] comprising the following steps:

[0063] S1, selecting and preparing land: selecting an acidic red soil with a pH of 5.5 and a soil layer thickness of 1.2 m, a sunny slope with a slope of 20°, deep ploughing the forest land to a depth of 30 cm; after deep ploughing the forest land, organic fertilizer is also applied, the specific operation mode is: setting up a fertilizer ditch according to the planting point, the ditch width is 30 cm, the depth is 25 cm, and the organic fertilizer is uniformly applied in the fertilizer ditch; the organic fertilizer is decomposed pig manure, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled at 20:1, the fertilizer application amount is 12 kg per planting hole, after fertilization, the fertilizer layer is covered with topsoil by 15 cm, and then compacted and backfilled, and then watered to fully mix the fertilizer and soil and promote the release of humus;

[0064] S2, selecting the variety of Camellia oleifera from Guangdong for cultivation, the seedling height is 35 cm, the ground diameter is 0.5 cm, the planting is carried out according to the row spacing of 2.5 m*3.0 mm, and the control density is 85 plants per mu;

[0065] S3, water and fertilizer management: fertilization and irrigation are carried out in stages, specifically:

[0066] S31, before autumn of the planting year, during the land preparation process, 100 parts by mass of farmyard manure and 3 parts by mass of special-purpose compound fertilizer are applied per mu, the special-purpose compound fertilizer is an oil tea slow-release compound fertilizer suitable for acidic soil, and the mass ratio of the farmyard manure to the special-purpose compound fertilizer is 100:3; the preparation method of the special-purpose compound fertilizer is as follows:

[0067] a) mixing sodium humate, biochar powder and calcium-magnesium-sulfur fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 5:3:2, adding a hormone compound solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:0.15, and uniformly mixing to form a wet substrate;

[0068] The hormone compound solution is composed of fucoidan, brassinolide and methyl salicylate, and the mass ratio among them is 120:0.025:0.12;

[0069] b) adding root growth promoting bacteria and chelated trace elements into the wet substrate, wherein the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Trichoderma harzianum in the root growth promoting bacteria is 10:1, and the total proportion is 1%, and the mass ratio of zinc, iron, boron and manganese in the chelated trace elements is 5:5:3:2, and the total content is 1.5%;

[0070] c) performing low-temperature granulation, and controlling the particle diameter to be 4mm, and then melting and compounding granulation of the base nutrient mixed according to the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 10:12:14 to form a double-layer structure;

[0071] d) performing film coating spraying treatment on the obtained granules according to the mass ratio of attapulgite and organic silicone resin emulsion 1:0.4, and the spraying amount accounts for 0.1% of the total mass, and the drying temperature is 50°C.

[0072] S32, in the second year: before the spring sprouting, a special compound fertilizer is applied by ditching at the periphery of the tree crown; within 10 days before the beginning of summer, a quick-acting compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15:10:10 is applied; within 10 days after fruit picking, a supplementary fertilizer is applied, combined with micro-sprinkler irrigation, and the irrigation amount is controlled to be 6m 3 per mu each time, and the irrigation time is 2 hours before sunset; wherein the supplementary fertilizer is a mixture of a special compound fertilizer and a fermented organic fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 1:6, the fermented organic fertilizer is fully decomposed chicken manure with a carbon-nitrogen ratio controlled to be 15; the micro-sprinkler is a low-pressure sprinkling irrigation device laid on the ground between the tree rows, with a nozzle spacing of 50cm, a spraying width of 1.2m and a pressure of 0.2MPa;

[0073] S33, in the third year and the following years: a three-stage fertilization of "spring shoot starting period, before flowering and after fruit picking" is implemented every year, specifically: in the spring shoot starting period in late February, a compound fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen is applied; in early July before flowering, a compound fertilizer mainly containing phosphorus and potassium is applied; after the fruit picking period in mid-October, a mixed fertilizer of compound fertilizer and farmyard manure is applied, and the ring ditching method is used to apply the fertilizer at the periphery of the tree crown;

[0074] wherein the compound fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen has a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 20:10:10; the compound fertilizer mainly containing phosphorus and potassium has a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 10:20:20; and the mixed mass ratio of the compound fertilizer and the farmyard manure is 18, wherein the compound fertilizer has a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15:15:15;

[0075] The irrigation method is selected as drip irrigation in the evening on sunny days, and irrigation is performed once every 7 days, and the wetting depth is controlled to be 30cm each time;

[0076] S4, forest management: weeding 2 times per year in May and October, pruning work is carried out after the young trees are planted for 1 year, and diseased branches, overgrown branches are pruned, 4 healthy main branches are reserved, the distance between main branches is 15cm, flower buds are removed in time during the growth period to prevent excessive consumption of nutrients.

[0077] S5, disease and pest control:

[0078] Pest control: in the high incidence period of pests in June and September, 2.5% bromocyclen emulsion oil is diluted 5000 times, and whole tree ground spraying is used for prevention and control; spray every 10 days, 3 times continuously for a cycle; at the same time, the group control is carried out by setting up the insect lamp in the forest land;

[0079] Anthracnose control: during the control period in August every year, 1% Bordeaux solution is diluted 500 times for whole tree spraying, and sprayed every 7 days, continuously sprayed for 2 times; in the early stage of disease, the diseased branches, withered buds and fallen fruits should be pruned and treated at the same time;

[0080] Leaf spot and soft rot control: in the early stage of disease, Beauveria bassiana or Penicillium preparation is sprayed on the leaf surface and soil surface, the viable bacterial content of the bacterial agent is ≥1×108CFU / g, and the combined treatment of leaf surface spraying and hole application is carried out after dilution; spray every 10 days, continuously control for 3 times, at the same time, deep plough the soil in April to improve the soil permeability and prevent the formation of root wet rot environment.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] The embodiment 2 of the present application provides a high-yield cultivation method for enhancing the stress resistance of camellia oleifera, comprising the following steps:

[0083] comprising the following steps:

[0084] S1, site preparation: selecting acidic red soil with pH 6.5, soil layer thickness 1.1m, semi-sunny slope land with slope 15°, deep ploughing the forest land to 20cm; after deep ploughing the forest land, organic fertilizer is applied, the specific operation mode is: setting up fertilizer ditch according to row spacing position, ditch width is 40cm, depth is 25cm, uniformly applying organic fertilizer in the fertilizer ditch; the organic fertilizer is composted cow dung, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled at 20:1, the application amount is 8kg per planting hole, after fertilization, the fertilizer layer is covered with topsoil 10cm, and then compacted and backfilled, then water is poured to make the fertilizer fully mix with the soil and promote the release of humus;

[0085] S2, selecting the variety of camellia oleifera in Guangdong for planting, the seedling height is 40cm, the ground diameter is 0.4cm, and the planting is carried out according to the row spacing 3.0m×3.0mm, and the control density is 75 plants per mu;

[0086] S3, water and fertilizer management: fertilization and irrigation are carried out in stages, specifically:

[0087] S31, before autumn of the planting year, during the process of land preparation, a special compound fertilizer suitable for acid soil is applied to each mu of land as a base material mixed with farmyard manure, the mass ratio of the farmyard manure to the special compound fertilizer being 50:1; the special compound fertilizer is prepared as follows:

[0088] a) sodium humate, biochar powder and calcium-magnesium-sulfur fertilizer are mixed in a mass ratio of 5:3:2, a hormone compound solution is added, the solid-liquid ratio is 1:0.15, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to form a wet substrate;

[0089] The hormone compound solution is composed of sodium alginate, brassinolide and methyl salicylate, and the mass ratio among them is 100:0.015:0.08;

[0090] b) root growth promoting bacteria and chelated trace elements are added to the wet substrate, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Trichoderma harzianum in the root growth promoting bacteria is 10:1, and the total proportion is 1%, the mass ratio of zinc, iron, boron and manganese in the chelated trace elements is 5:5:3:2, and the total content is 1.5%;

[0091] c) low-temperature granulation is performed, the particle diameter is controlled to be 2mm, and then the basic nutrients mixed according to the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 10:12:14 are fused and then compounded and granulated to form a double-layer structure;

[0092] d) the obtained granules are coated and sprayed with attapulgite and organic silicone resin emulsion at a mass ratio of 1:0.2, the spraying amount accounts for 0.05% of the total mass, and the drying temperature is 55°C.

[0093] S32, in the second year: before the spring sprouting, a special compound fertilizer is applied by ditching at the periphery of the tree crown; within 10 days before the beginning of summer, a quick-acting compound fertilizer is applied, the quick-acting compound fertilizer is a granular fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:10:10; within 10 days after fruit picking, a supplementary fertilizer is applied, combined with micro-sprinkler irrigation, the irrigation amount is controlled to be 4m 3 per mu each time, and the irrigation time is 1h before sunset; the supplementary fertilizer is a mixture of a special compound fertilizer and fermented organic fertilizer at a mass ratio of 1:4, the fermented organic fertilizer is fully decomposed chicken manure fermentation product, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled to be 20; the micro-sprinkler is a low-pressure sprinkling irrigation device laid on the ground between the tree rows, the nozzle spacing is 30cm, the spraying width is 0.8m, and the pressure is 0.1MPa;

[0094] S33, in the third year and subsequent years: three-stage fertilization is implemented every year, specifically: in the spring shoot starting period in early March, a compound fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen is applied; before flowering in early July, a compound fertilizer mainly containing phosphorus and potassium is applied; after the fruit picking period in early November, a mixed fertilizer of a compound fertilizer and farmyard manure is applied, and a ring ditching method is adopted to apply the fertilizer to the periphery of the tree crown;

[0095] In the nitrogen-based compound fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 20:10:10; in the phosphorus and potassium-based compound fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 10:20:20; the mixing mass ratio of the compound fertilizer and the farmyard manure is 1:8, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 15:15:15;

[0096] The irrigation mode is to irrigate in the evening on sunny days, irrigate once every 7 days, and control the wetting depth to be 30 cm each time;

[0097] S4, forest management: weeding 2 times in April and September each year, pruning work is carried out after the young trees are planted for 1 year, pruning diseased branches, overgrown branches, and retaining 3 healthy main branches with a spacing of 15 cm between the main branches, timely removing flower buds during the growth period to prevent excessive consumption of nutrients.

[0098] S5, disease and pest control:

[0099] Pest control: in the high-incidence period of June and October, use Green Wei Lei II preparation diluted 200 times to control pests by ground spraying of the whole tree; spray every 7 days, and spray 2 times continuously as a cycle; at the same time, set up yellow stick insect boards in the forest land for population control;

[0100] Anthracnose control: in the control period of July each year, use 1% Bordeaux solution diluted 500 times to spray the whole tree, spray every 7 days, and spray 3 times continuously; in the early stage of the disease, diseased branches, withered buds and fallen fruits should be pruned and treated at the same time;

[0101] Leaf spot and soft rot control: in the early stage of the disease, spray Beauveria bassiana or Penicillium preparation on the leaf surface and soil surface, the active bacteria content of the bacterial agent is ≥1×108CFU / g, and the bacterial agent is diluted and sprayed on the leaf surface and combined with hole digging treatment; spray every 7 days, and control for 3 times continuously, at the same time, deep plough the soil in March to improve the soil permeability and prevent the formation of wet and rotten environment of the roots.

[0102] Comparative Example 1

[0103] The difference between the oil tea anti-stress yield increasing cultivation method of the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is that in the step S31, the compound fertilizer without the hormone compound liquid is used.

[0104] Comparative Example 2

[0105] The difference between the oil tea anti-stress yield increasing cultivation method of the comparative example 2 and the example 1 is that in the step S31, the compound fertilizer does not contain root system growth promoting bacterial agent.

[0106] Comparative Example 3

[0107] The difference between the oil-tea camellia stress resistance enhancement and high yield cultivation method of the present comparative example 3 and the example 1 is that in step S33, the annual one-time fertilization is performed.

[0108] Comparative Example 4

[0109] The difference between the oil-tea camellia stress resistance enhancement and high yield cultivation method of the present comparative example 4 and the example 1 is that in step S31, the single quick-acting compound fertilizer is applied without double-layer granular structure and film.

[0110] Comparative Example 5

[0111] The difference between the oil-tea camellia stress resistance enhancement and high yield cultivation method of the present comparative example 5 and the example 1 is that in step S32, the flooding irrigation is used instead of the micro-sprinkler irrigation.

[0112] Comparative Example 6

[0113] The difference between the oil-tea camellia stress resistance enhancement and high yield cultivation method of the present comparative example 6 and the example 1 is that in step S5, the moth lamp and the moth board are not set.

[0114] A representative acidic red soil is selected as the test site, 8 treatment groups are set, which correspond to the examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-6 respectively, 2 repetitions are set for each treatment group, a total of 16 plots, the cultivation is performed according to the steps in the examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-6, and the results are shown in Table 1,

[0115] Among them, the survival rate in Table 1 is calculated by the number of surviving plants 90 days after planting, the average plant height is measured by the length from the base of the plant to the main shoot, the root fresh weight is weighed after digging and cleaning at the end of the test, the average annual fruit yield is calculated by the average fresh fruit yield per plant, the fruit drop rate is calculated by the ratio of fruit drop to total fruit number, the anthracnose disease incidence is calculated by the ratio of typical symptom plants from June to September, and the insect damage index is calculated by the weighted average of five-level scoring method according to the damage degree.

[0116]

[0117] Table 1 Test results of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-6

[0118] According to Table 1 above, in the Camellia oleifera cultivated in Examples 1 and 2, by selecting acidic red soil or sandy loam with a pH of 5.5-6.5 and a soil layer thickness of not less than 1m, and carrying out deep tilling to a depth of 20-30cm, combined with the application of well-rotted organic fertilizer with a reasonable carbon-nitrogen ratio, the soil's aggregate structure and permeability can be improved, enhancing the root system's ability to retain and respond to water and fertilizer, which is beneficial for Camellia oleifera to stably root and absorb nutrients under adverse conditions such as drought or low temperature. Secondly, the use of hormone compound solution and root-promoting bacteria in the preparation of special compound fertilizer not only strengthens the slow-release and controlled-release function of the fertilizer, but also enhances the active defense ability of Camellia oleifera against stresses such as drought, high temperature, and pathogens by activating the antioxidant enzyme system in the plant and inducing systemic resistance. In terms of fertilization, by combining compound fertilizer with fermented organic fertilizer... Fertilizers are mixed in proportion and applied in a targeted manner according to different growth stages. Combined with low-pressure micro-sprinklers for quantitative water supply, this not only maintains a stable rhizosphere water environment but also ensures the accessibility and high utilization efficiency of nutrients during critical periods, preventing adverse reactions such as fruit drop and flower malformation caused by water fluctuations or nutrient deficiencies. Furthermore, in terms of pest and disease control, the introduction of green, low-toxicity agents, biological agents, and physical pest control facilities inhibits pathogen growth while protecting the rhizosphere ecological balance, forming a multi-layered defense mechanism of "prevention first, inducement and resistance second, and biological control as the foundation." The entire system constructs a stress-resistant, high-yield cultivation environment centered on ecological stability, precise nutrition, and a healthy rhizosphere, enabling camellia oleifera to maintain good growth and fruiting ability under combined stresses such as drought, heat damage, and pests and diseases.

[0119] In Comparative Example 1, the lack of hormone induction resulted in poor plant resistance. The seaweed polysaccharides, brassinolide, and methyl salicylate in the hormone compound solution have the function of regulating the plant's stress resistance physiology. They can activate the antioxidant enzyme system, improve the cell's osmotic regulation capacity, and induce systemic acquired resistance. Without these components, plants lack effective physiological defense mechanisms when encountering drought, high temperature, or acid stress, and are prone to adverse reactions such as slow new root growth, leaf chlorosis and wilting, and root rot. Secondly, the hormone compound solution can promote cell division and root tip differentiation. In particular, brassinolide plays a significant role in root elongation and capillary root development. Without the addition of this type of hormone, the seedling recovery period of newly planted seedlings is prolonged, the root system's ability to absorb water and fertilizer is weak, the survival rate is reduced, and the early growth vigor is affected. Furthermore, seaweed polysaccharides, as polysaccharide inducers, can activate the rhizosphere beneficial microbial community and improve the rhizosphere microenvironment. Without its intervention, the root zone microbial structure will be simple, making it difficult to form a symbiotic and mutually reinforcing ecosystem, thereby reducing the buffering capacity against abiotic stresses such as pathogens and acid toxins.

[0120] In Comparative Example 2, the compound fertilizer does not contain root system growth promoting microbial agent, lacks early colonization of beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum, and the rhizosphere microbial diversity is reduced, the disease inhibition ability and nutrient transformation efficiency are decreased, making the root system more susceptible to pathogen infection and soil obstacle stress; at the same time, the root system growth promoting microbial agent has the functions of promoting root growth, phosphorus and potassium solubilization, and improving nutrient availability, if it is absent, the root system growth vigor is weakened, the nutrient absorption efficiency is reduced, especially under the condition of uneven soil fertility or difficult-to-dissolve nutrients, thus leading to poor plant growth vigor, weak stress resistance, and delayed growth period;

[0121] In Comparative Example 3, only one-time fertilization is performed throughout the year, which will lead to mismatch between nutrient supply and demand at different growth stages of oil tea, thereby affecting its stress resistance and yield performance; the demand ratio and absorption intensity of oil tea for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are significantly different at each stage of spring shoot growth, flowering, fruit setting and post-harvest, and one-time concentrated fertilization is easy to cause excessive initial nutrients, loss or volatilization, and insufficient fertilizer supply in the later period, thus leading to problems such as poor flower bud differentiation, increased flower and fruit drop rate, and decreased fruit quality; at the same time, a large amount of nutrients are released in a short period of time, which is easy to cause an increase in rhizosphere salt concentration, causing "root burning" phenomenon, inhibiting root development, and aggravating water stress risk;

[0122] In Comparative Example 4, if a single quick-acting compound fertilizer is used without having a double-layer granular structure and a film-coated slow-release mechanism, it will lead to rapid nutrient release and low utilization efficiency, especially at the initial stage of seedling planting, which is more likely to induce "fertilizer damage" or nutrient loss; since the quick-acting compound fertilizer is rapidly dissolved under water conditions, a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is released in a short period of time, which exceeds the initial absorption capacity of the root system, not only increasing the risk of nutrient leaching to deep soil or flowing away with rainwater, but also causing an increase in root salt concentration and an increase in osmotic stress, thereby inhibiting root extension and even causing root burning; in addition, due to the lack of slow-release mechanism, the plant is in a continuous lack of fertilizer state in the following months, leading to weak spring shoots, poor flower bud differentiation quality, and reduced drought and heat resistance, thereby affecting the steady growth and physiological tolerance of oil tea under adverse conditions;

[0123] In Comparative Example 5, using flood irrigation instead of micro-sprinkler irrigation will lead to uneven water distribution, soil structure damage, and water resource waste, thereby reducing the stability and stress resistance of the oil tea rhizosphere environment; flood irrigation belongs to large water surface flushing irrigation, with large irrigation intensity and fast speed, which is easy to cause surface soil compaction and decreased aeration, thereby inhibiting root respiration and growth; at the same time, water cannot be precisely controlled, thereby causing root zone to be too wet or too dry, inducing root rot or drought stress, especially affecting nutrient absorption and fruit development during the flowering and fruiting periods; in addition, flood irrigation cannot target water supplement according to the root distribution, and the irrigation efficiency is low, leading to a large amount of water waste in non-root system areas;

[0124] In Comparative Example 6, the insect trap lamp and the yellow sticky insect plate can effectively collect and reduce the adult population at the early stage of the occurrence of the insect pest by utilizing the phototaxis and chromotaxis of the insect, delay the egg hatching and larva outbreak period, and are important measures for constructing a "source control" mechanism of the insect pest. If such physical facilities are absent, the early warning and pressure reduction means of the insect pest are insufficient, the number of the insect pest accumulates rapidly, and the chemical pesticide needs to be frequently used for prevention and control in the later period. This not only increases the cost and labor intensity, but also easily reduces the prevention and control effect due to the accumulation of pesticide resistance, and intensifies the damage to the rhizosphere microorganisms and non-target insects, thereby affecting the stress resistance and yield stability of the oil tea tree.

[0125] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not limit it; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples can be modified, or some technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the yield of Camellia oleifera by enhancing its stress resistance, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting land: selecting acid red soil or sandy soil with pH of 5.5-6.5, soil layer thickness of not less than 1m, sunny or semi-sunny slope land with slope of not more than 25°, deep plowing of forest land of 20-30cm; S2, selecting Guilinghonghuayoute, Guibinghongmaoyoute or Guangdong Daguoyoute variety for planting, seedling height of not less than 30cm, ground diameter of not less than 0.4cm, planting according to row spacing of 2.5-3.0m x 2.5-3.0mm, and controlling density of 75-100 plants per mu; S3, water and fertilizer management: adopting phased fertilization and irrigation, specifically: S31, before autumn of the planting year, during land preparation, applying mixed base material of farmyard manure and special compound fertilizer per mu, the special compound fertilizer is oil tea slow-release compound fertilizer suitable for acid soil, and the mass ratio of farmyard manure to special compound fertilizer is 50-100:1-3; The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer is as follows: a) mixing sodium humate, biochar powder and calcium-magnesium-sulfur fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 5:3:2, adding hormone compound liquid, solid-liquid ratio of 1:0.15-0.25, and uniformly mixing to form wet substrate; b) adding root growth promoting bacteria and chelated trace elements to the wet substrate, wherein the mass ratio of bacillus subtilis to trichoderma harzianum in the root growth promoting bacteria is 10:1, and the total proportion is 1%, and the mass ratio of zinc, iron, boron and manganese in the chelated trace elements is 5:5:3:2, and the total content is 1.5%; c) low-temperature granulation, the particle diameter is controlled to be 2-4mm, then the basic nutrients mixed according to a mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 10:12:14 are fused and compounded to form a double-layer structure; d) coating spraying treatment is performed on the obtained particles by using attapulgite and organic silicone resin emulsion according to a mass ratio of 1:0.2-0.4, the spraying amount accounts for 0.05%-0.1% of the total mass, and the drying temperature is not higher than 60°C; S32, the second year: before spring sprouting, ditching is performed outside the tree crown to apply the special compound fertilizer; within 10 days before the beginning of summer, the quick-acting compound fertilizer is applied, the quick-acting compound fertilizer is a granular fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:10:10; within 10 days after fruit picking, the supplementary fertilizer is applied, combined with micro-spraying irrigation, the irrigation amount is controlled to be 4-6m³ per mu each time, and the irrigation time is 1-2 hours before sunset; S33, the third year and subsequent years: three-stage fertilization is implemented every year during the spring shoot starting period, before flowering and after fruit picking, specifically: during the spring shoot starting period from the end of February to the beginning of March, the compound fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen is applied; before flowering in the early July, the compound fertilizer mainly containing phosphorus and potassium is applied; after the fruit picking period from the middle of October to the beginning of November, the mixed fertilizer of compound fertilizer and farmyard manure is applied, and the ring ditching method is adopted to dig a ditch outside the tree crown for application; The irrigation mode is artificial irrigation or drip irrigation in sunny evening or cloudy day, irrigation is performed once every 7-10 days, and the wetting depth is controlled to be 20-30cm each time. S4, forest management: 2 times of weeding in April-May and September-October every year, and pruning work is carried out after the young trees are planted for 1 year, and diseased and overgrown branches are removed, and 3-4 healthy main branches are reserved with a distance of 10-15 cm between the main branches, and flower buds are removed in time during the growth period to prevent excessive consumption of nutrients.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a method of enhancing stress tolerance and increasing yield of Camellia oleifera. In step S1, after deep ploughing of the forest land, organic fertilizer is also applied to the forest land, and the specific operation mode is as follows: Fertilizer trenches are set according to the planting points or row spacing positions, the trench width is 30-40 cm, the depth is 25-30 cm, and the organic fertilizer is uniformly applied in the fertilizer trenches; The organic fertilizer is fully decomposed pig manure, cow manure or poultry manure, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled at 20:1, the application amount is 8-12 kg per planting hole, after fertilization, the fertilizer layer is covered with topsoil 10-15 cm, and then compacted and backfilled, and then watered to fully mix the fertilizer with the soil and promote the release of humus.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a method of increasing the yield of Camellia sinensis L. by enhancing stress tolerance. In step S32, the supplemental fertilizer is a mixture of special compound fertilizer and fermented organic fertilizer at a mass ratio of 1:4-6, and the fermented organic fertilizer is fully decomposed chicken manure, cow manure or bean cake ferment, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled between 15-20.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method is a method of increasing the yield of Camellia sinensis L. by enhancing stress tolerance. In step S32, the micro-spraying belt is a low-pressure sprinkling irrigation device laid on the ground between the tree rows, the nozzle spacing is 30-50 cm, the spraying width is 0.8-1.2 m, and the pressure is 0.1-0.2 MPa.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a method of increasing the yield of Camellia sinensis L. by enhancing stress tolerance. In step S33, in the nitrogen-based compound fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 20:10:10; in the phosphorus and potassium-based compound fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 10:20:20; and the mixing mass ratio of compound fertilizer and farmyard manure is 1:5-8, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 15:15:

15.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a method of enhancing stress tolerance and increasing yield of Camellia oleifera. The hormone compound liquid is composed of alginate, brassinolide and methyl salicylate, and the mass ratio of the three is 100-120:0.015-0.025:0.08-0.

12.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a method of increasing the yield of Camellia sinensis L. by enhancing stress tolerance. It also includes step S5 disease and pest control: Pest control: during the high incidence period of 4-6 months and 9-10 months, 2.5% bromocyclen oil is diluted to 5000 times liquid, or green weili II preparation is diluted to 200-300 times liquid, and full tree ground spraying is used for control; spray every 7-10 days, 2-3 times of continuous application is a cycle; at the same time, the insect trap lamp or yellow sticky insect board is set in the forest land for population control.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method is a method of increasing the yield of Camellia sinensis L. plants under stress conditions. It also includes anthracnose control: during the control period from June to September every year, 1% Bordeaux solution is diluted to 500-800 times for full tree spraying, and sprayed every 7 days, and sprayed for 2-3 times continuously; in the early stage of the disease, diseased branches, withered buds and fallen fruits should be removed and treated synchronously.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the method is a method of increasing the yield of Camellia sinensis L. by enhancing stress tolerance. Also including the leaf spot and soft rot prevention: in the early stage of disease, on the leaf and soil surface spraying Beauveria bassiana or Penicillium fungus preparation, the viable bacterial content of the fungus agent ≥1×10 8 CFU / g, dilute and carry out the leaf surface spraying and hole application combined treatment; spray once every 7-10 days, continuous prevention and treatment 2-3 times, at the same time, deep plough the soil in March-April, improve the soil permeability, prevent the formation of root wet rot environment.

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