Industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device

Abstract

The invention provides an industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device which comprises a storage assembly and a turning, planing and uniform mixing assembly, the storage assembly comprises a limiting plate, the two ends of the limiting plate are connected through a connecting piece to form a cylindrical structure, the turning, planing and uniform mixing assembly comprises a bottom plate, and a mounting box is mounted on the upper side of the bottom plate; a feeding frame is mounted on the lower portion of the side face of the mounting box and communicates with an inner cavity of the mounting box. According to the industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device, nutrient soil in the fermentation process can be protected, the influence of humidity, temperature and flora in the external environment on nutrient soil fermentation is reduced, meanwhile, the preparation device can be used for turning and digging the nutrient soil, temperature and humidity can be adjusted and controlled in the turning and digging process, growth and fermentation of the flora in the nutrient soil are facilitated, and the yield of the nutrient soil is improved. In addition, the preparation device is also convenient for sampling detection of the nutrient soil, so that the fermentation of the nutrient soil is pertinently adjusted according to a detection result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of nutrient soil preparation devices, and in particular to an industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device. Background Art

[0002] At present, the lack of organic matter and trace elements in the soil, the imbalance of carbon-nitrogen ratio, the imbalance of soil microorganisms, soil acidification or alkalization, etc., lead to the deterioration of soil permeability, the decrease of water holding capacity, waterlogging when there is rain, and drought when there is no rain. There are many diseases in agricultural soil, including soil-borne diseases such as wilt, bacterial wilt, damping-off, stem base rot, root rot, root rot, rot, nematodes, etc., as well as ground diseases such as viral diseases, gray mold, anthracnose, downy mildew and blight. Soil diseases emerge in an endless stream, which have a serious impact on agriculture. As one of the ways of soil management, nutrient soil backfilling can effectively improve soil permeability, increase soil water holding capacity, and inhibit most agricultural diseases. However, at present, when preparing nutrient soil, it is inconvenient to regulate and control the colony, and nutrient soil is mostly prepared by fermentation in a stacking manner. During the fermentation process, film covering, temperature control, water control, etc. are required, which is not conducive to the preparation of nutrient soil. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide an industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device, which can protect the nutrient soil during the fermentation process and reduce the influence of humidity, temperature and flora in the external environment on the fermentation of the nutrient soil. At the same time, the preparation device can also be used for turning over the nutrient soil. The temperature and humidity can be adjusted and controlled during the turning over, which is convenient for the growth and fermentation of the flora in the nutrient soil and improves the preparation quality of the nutrient soil. In addition, the preparation device is also convenient for sampling and testing of the nutrient soil, so as to make targeted adjustments to the fermentation of the nutrient soil according to the test results, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a device for preparing nutrient soil from industrial solid waste, comprising a storage component and a turning and mixing component, the storage component comprising a limit plate, the two ends of the limit plate are connected by a connecting piece to form a cylindrical structure, the turning and mixing component comprises a bottom plate, an installation box is installed on the upper side of the bottom plate, a feed frame is installed on the lower side of the side of the installation box, and the feed frame is connected to the inner cavity of the installation box, a feeding component connected to its inner cavity is installed on the side of the installation box, and the feeding component is inclined, a discharge port is opened at one end of the feeding component away from the installation box, and the discharge port is located above the cylindrical structure formed by the limit plate, a feed box is installed on the upper side of the installation box, and the feed box is connected to the inner cavity of the installation box.

[0005] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the connecting member includes a connecting plate, both ends of which are equipped with positioning frames, the end of the limit plate is clamped in the positioning frame, and the positioning frame is provided with a plurality of positioning bolts for positioning the end of the limit plate.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a discharging frame is fixed on the lower part of the side of the connecting plate, and the discharging frame is connected to the inner cavity of the cylindrical structure formed by the limiting plate. The discharging frame is snap-fitted with the feeding frame, and an installation opening is opened on the upper side of the discharging frame. A restraining plate located in the discharging frame is slidably arranged in the installation opening.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a plurality of sampling holes are opened on the side of the connecting plate from top to bottom, and sealing plugs are installed in the sampling holes, and the sealing plugs are detachable.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, an adsorption assembly is provided on the side of the installation box away from the feed frame, the adsorption assembly includes an exhaust box installed on the side of the installation box, and an exhaust port is opened on the side of the exhaust box close to the feed frame, a protective net is installed in the exhaust port, a fan group is installed on the side of the exhaust box, and the exhaust end of the fan group is connected to the inner cavity of the exhaust box.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the feeding assembly includes a conveying cylinder installed on the side of the installation box and connected to the inner cavity of the installation box, and the conveying cylinder is inclined. A Jiaolong conveying mechanism is rotatably installed in the conveying cylinder, and a driving assembly for driving the Jiaolong conveying mechanism to rotate is arranged on the outside of the conveying cylinder. The Jiaolong conveying mechanism extends into the installation box at one end close to the installation box, and a discharge hopper is installed at the discharge port of the conveying cylinder. A bracket is fixed on the side of the bottom plate, and a fixing frame for positioning the conveying cylinder is installed on the top of the bracket, and a plurality of support wheels are rotatably installed on the lower side of the bottom plate.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the driving assembly includes a first motor installed at the end of the conveying cylinder, and the output shaft of the first motor is connected to the end of the Jiaolong conveying mechanism.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a mounting shaft is rotatably installed in the feed box, and a plurality of material shifting plates are fixed on the side of the mounting shaft, a second motor is installed outside the feed box, a driving shaft of the second motor is fixedly connected to the end of the mounting shaft, the upper portion of the feed box is opened, and the opening is outwardly expanded, and a sealing cover for sealing the opening is provided on the side of the feed box.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a water pipe is installed on the upper part of the inner cavity of the installation box, a plurality of nozzles connected with the inner cavity are installed on the side of the water pipe, and a water supply component is arranged outside the installation box.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the water supply assembly includes a water pump installed on the side of the installation box. A water suction pipe is provided at the water suction port of the water pump, and a water inlet pipe communicating with the inner cavity of the water delivery pipe is installed at the water outlet of the water pump.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In the industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device of the present invention example, the two ends of the limiting plate are spliced through the connecting piece to form a cylindrical structure. When splicing, the end of the limiting plate is installed in the positioning frame, and then the end of the limiting plate is fixed in the positioning frame through the positioning bolt. After the limiting plate is used, the positioning bolt is removed and the end of the limiting plate is taken out of the positioning frame, so that the limiting plate is laid flat, which is convenient for placing and storing the limiting plate and saves space.

[0015] 2. In the industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device of the present invention example, the installation box installed above the bottom plate is moved to the stacking place of the nutrient soil preparation raw materials. By controlling the operation of the fan group, the feeding frame on the side of the installation box extracts the stacked raw materials. At the same time, the staff opens the sealing cover and adds auxiliary materials into the feeding box. Then, by controlling the operation of the second motor, the second motor drives the stirring plate on the installation shaft to rotate, realizing the quantitative feeding of the auxiliary materials in the feeding box. After the auxiliary materials and the raw materials enter the installation box, under the suction of the air extraction box, the auxiliary materials and the raw materials are mixed in the installation box, which is convenient for the preparation of the nutrient soil.

[0016] 3. In the industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device of the present invention example, during the mixing process of the auxiliary materials and the raw materials, by controlling the operation of the water pump, the water pump extracts external water through the water suction pipe, and the water pump transports the extracted water to the water delivery pipe through the water inlet pipe. The water entering the water delivery pipe is sprayed out through the nozzle, and the humidity of the nutrient soil can be adjusted according to the requirements of the nutrient soil preparation.

[0017] 4. In the industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device of the present invention example, by controlling the operation of the first motor, the first motor drives the auger conveyor mechanism to rotate. The auger conveyor mechanism transports the nutrient soil in the installation box, and during the transportation of the nutrient soil, the auger conveyor mechanism installed in the conveying cylinder further stirs and mixes the nutrient soil. When the nutrient soil is transported to the discharge port by the auger conveyor mechanism, the nutrient soil falls into the cylindrical structure formed by the limiting plate through the discharge hopper. The provided limiting plate is used for the protection during the fermentation of the nutrient soil, reducing the influence of temperature, humidity and microorganisms in the external environment on the fermentation of the nutrient soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another perspective of the present invention; Figure 3Schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the installation box in the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the conveying cylinder in the present invention; Figure 5 is Figure 4 front view structure diagram of; Figure 6 is Figure 5 enlarged structure diagram of part A in.

[0019] In the figure: 1 limiting plate, 2 connecting plate, 3 positioning frame, 4 positioning bolt, 5 discharge box, 6 restraint plate, 7 sampling hole, 8 sealing plug, 9 bottom plate, 10 installation box, 11 feeding box, 12 air extraction box, 13 protective net, 14 fan group, 15 conveying cylinder, 16 discharge hopper, 17 auger conveying mechanism, 18 first motor, 19 bracket, 20 fixing frame, 21 feeding box, 22 sealing cover, 23 second motor, 24 installation shaft, 25 feeding plate, 26 water delivery pipe, 27 spray head, 28 water pump, 29 water inlet pipe, 30 water extraction pipe, 31 supporting wheel. Specific embodiments

[0020] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] Please refer to Figures 1-6 , the present invention provides a technical solution: an industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device, including a storage component and a turning and mixing component. It should be noted that one set of turning and mixing components can be set, and at least two sets of storage components are set. By means of the turning and mixing component conveying the nutrient soil from one storage component to another storage component, the turning of the nutrient soil and the adjustment of temperature and humidity are realized. The storage component includes a limiting plate 1. Both ends of the limiting plate 1 are connected by connectors to form a cylindrical structure. The cylindrical structure is a storage unit for storing nutrient soil. By setting the storage unit, the influence of temperature, humidity and microorganisms in the external environment on the fermentation of nutrient soil is reduced.

[0022] The connecting piece includes a connecting plate 2. Positioning frames 3 are installed at both ends of the connecting plate 2. The end of the limiting plate 1 is stuck inside the positioning frame 3, and several positioning bolts 4 for positioning the end of the limiting plate 1 are arranged inside the positioning frame 3. The two ends of the limiting plate 1 are spliced through the connecting piece to form a cylindrical structure. During splicing, the end of the limiting plate 1 is installed into the positioning frame 3, and then the end of the limiting plate 1 is fixed inside the positioning frame 3 through the positioning bolts 4. After the limiting plate 1 is used, the positioning bolts 4 are removed and the end of the limiting plate 1 is taken out from the positioning frame 3, so that the limiting plate 1 is laid flat, which is convenient for placing and storing the limiting plate 1 and saves space.

[0023] A plurality of sampling holes 7 are arranged on the side of the connecting plate 2 from top to bottom. A sealing plug 8 is installed inside the sampling hole 7, and the sealing plug 8 is detachably arranged. During the fermentation process, a certain sealing plug 8 can be opened according to needs, and then the fermenting nutrient soil can be sampled through the sampling hole 7, which is convenient for inspecting the fermentation quality of the nutrient soil, so as to adjust the fermentation of the nutrient soil according to the detection results.

[0024] The turning and mixing component includes a bottom plate 9. An installation box 10 is installed on the upper side of the bottom plate 9. A feeding frame 11 is installed on the lower part of the side of the installation box 10, and the feeding frame 11 communicates with the inner cavity of the installation box 10. The feeding frame 11 is convenient for adding raw materials for preparing nutrient soil into the installation box 10. A feeding component communicating with the inner cavity of the installation box 10 is installed on the side of the installation box 10, and the feeding component is arranged obliquely. An outlet is arranged at one end of the feeding component far away from the installation box 10, and the outlet is located above the cylindrical structure formed by the limiting plate 1. The feeding component is used to convey the nutrient soil in the installation box 10 to the outlet, which is convenient for conveying the nutrient soil material into the storage component. A feeding box 21 is installed on the upper side of the installation box 10, and the feeding box 21 communicates with the inner cavity of the installation box 10. The feeding box 21 is used to add auxiliary materials into the installation box 10, which is convenient for mixing the auxiliary materials and raw materials in the installation box 10.

[0025] On one side of the installation box 10 away from the feeding frame 11, an adsorption assembly is provided. The adsorption assembly includes an air extraction box 12 installed on the side of the installation box 10. A suction port is opened on the side of the air extraction box 12 close to the feeding frame 11, and the suction port is located inside the installation box 10. A protective net 13 is installed in the suction port. A fan group 14 is installed on the side of the air extraction box 12. The air extraction end of the fan group 14 is communicated with the inner cavity of the air extraction box 12. Move the installation box 10 installed above the bottom plate 9 to the stacking place of the nutrient soil preparation raw materials. By controlling the fan group 14 to work, the feeding frame 11 on the side of the installation box 10 extracts the stacked raw materials, which is convenient for adding the raw materials into the installation box 10. At the same time, the staff adds auxiliary materials into the feeding box 21. After the auxiliary materials and the raw materials enter the installation box 10, under the air extraction action of the air extraction box 12, the auxiliary materials and the raw materials are mixed in the installation box 10, which is convenient for the preparation of nutrient soil. And the protective net 13 installed in the suction port plays a protective role for the air extraction box 12, preventing the nutrient soil from being extracted into the air extraction box 12 and affecting the use of the fan group 14.

[0026] The feeding assembly includes a conveying cylinder 15 installed on the side of the installation box 10 and communicated with the inner cavity of the installation box 10. The conveying cylinder 15 is inclined. A dragon conveying mechanism 17 is rotatably installed in the conveying cylinder 15. A driving assembly for driving the dragon conveying mechanism 17 to rotate is arranged outside the conveying cylinder 15. One end of the dragon conveying mechanism 17 close to the installation box 10 extends into the installation box 10. A discharge hopper 16 is installed at the discharge port of the conveying cylinder 15. The driving assembly includes a first motor 18 installed at the end of the conveying cylinder 15. The output shaft of the first motor 18 is fixedly connected to the end of the dragon conveying mechanism 17 through a coupling. By controlling the first motor 18 to work, the first motor 18 drives the dragon conveying mechanism 17 to rotate. The dragon conveying mechanism 17 conveys the nutrient soil in the installation box 10. During the conveying process of the nutrient soil, the dragon conveying mechanism 17 installed in the conveying cylinder 15 further stirs and mixes the nutrient soil. When the nutrient soil is conveyed to the discharge port by the dragon conveying mechanism 17, the nutrient soil falls into the cylindrical structure formed by the limiting plate 1 through the discharge hopper 16. The provided limiting plate 1 is used for the protection during the fermentation of the nutrient soil, reducing the influence of temperature, humidity and microorganisms in the external environment on the fermentation of the nutrient soil.

[0027] A support 19 is fixed to the side of the bottom plate 9. A fixing frame 20 for positioning the conveying cylinder 15 is installed at the top of the support 19, improving the structural strength and stability of the conveying cylinder 15 during use. A plurality of supporting wheels 31 are rotatably installed on the lower side of the bottom plate 9, facilitating the movement of the bottom plate 9 to adjust the position of the turning and mixing component.

[0028] A discharge frame 5 is fixedly installed at the lower part of the side surface of the connecting plate 2, and the inner cavity of the cylindrical structure formed by the discharge frame 5 and the limiting plate 1 is communicated. The discharge frame 5 is clamped and adapted to the feed frame 11. An installation opening is arranged on the upper side of the discharge frame 5, and a restraint plate 6 located inside the discharge frame 5 is slidably arranged in the installation opening. If the temperature in the nutrient soil is too high, other limiting plates 1 can be selected to establish a new storage unit. Then, the feed frame 11 on the side surface of the installation box 10 is placed in the discharge frame 5 of the storage component containing the nutrient soil, and the nutrient soil is turned and cooled by the fan group 14 and the auger conveying mechanism 17.

[0029] An installation shaft 24 is rotatably installed in the feed box 21, and a plurality of material stirring plates 25 are fixedly arranged on the side surface of the installation shaft 24. A second motor 23 is installed outside the feed box 21, and the drive shaft of the second motor 23 is fixedly connected to the end of the installation shaft 24 through a coupling. The upper part of the feed box 21 is open, and the opening is in an outward expanding shape. A sealing cover 22 for sealing the opening is arranged on the side surface of the feed box 21. The sealing cover 22 is opened by the staff to add auxiliary materials into the feed box 21. By controlling the operation of the second motor 23, the second motor 23 drives the material stirring plates 25 on the installation shaft 24 to rotate, so as to realize the quantitative feeding of the auxiliary materials in the feed box 21.

[0030] A water delivery pipe 26 is installed in the upper part of the inner cavity of the installation box 10, and a plurality of spray heads 27 communicated with its inner cavity are installed on the side surface of the water delivery pipe 26. A water supply component is arranged outside the installation box 10. The water supply component includes a water pump 28 installed on the side surface of the installation box 10. A water suction pipe 30 is arranged at the water suction port of the water pump 28, and a water inlet pipe 29 communicated with the inner cavity of the water delivery pipe 26 is installed at the water outlet of the water pump 28. During the mixing process of the auxiliary materials and the raw materials, by controlling the operation of the water pump 28, the water pump 28 extracts external water through the water suction pipe 30, and the water pump 28 conveys the extracted water to the water delivery pipe 26 through the water inlet pipe 29. The water flowing into the water delivery pipe 26 is sprayed out through the spray heads 27, and the humidity of the nutrient soil can be adjusted according to the preparation requirements of the nutrient soil.

[0031] The fan group 14, the first motor 18, the second motor 23, the water pump 28, etc. used in the present invention are all common electronic components in the prior art. Their working modes and circuit structures are all well-known technologies, and the working of the electronic components used in the present invention is controlled by an externally arranged switch group or a PLC controller. This method is a common technical solution for technicians and will not be elaborated here.

[0032] When in use: The two ends of the limiting plate 1 are spliced through a connecting piece to form a cylindrical structure. During splicing, the end of the limiting plate 1 is installed in the positioning frame 3, and then the end of the limiting plate 1 is fixed in the positioning frame 3 through the positioning bolt 4. After the limiting plate 1 is used, the positioning bolt 4 is removed and the end of the limiting plate 1 is taken out of the positioning frame 3, so that the limiting plate 1 is laid flat, which is convenient for placing and storing the limiting plate 1 and saves space; Move the installation box 10 installed above the bottom plate 9 to the stacking place of the raw materials for preparing nutrient soil. By controlling the operation of the fan group 14, the feeding frame 11 on the side of the installation box 10 extracts the stacked raw materials. At the same time, the staff opens the sealing cover 22 and adds auxiliary materials to the feeding box 21, and then controls the operation of the second motor 23, so that the second motor 23 drives the stirring plate 25 on the installation shaft 24 to rotate, realizing the quantitative feeding of the auxiliary materials in the feeding box 21. After the auxiliary materials and the raw materials enter the installation box 10, under the suction of the air extraction box 12, the auxiliary materials and the raw materials are mixed in the installation box 10, which is convenient for the preparation of nutrient soil; During the mixing process of the auxiliary materials and the raw materials, by controlling the operation of the water pump 28, the water pump 28 extracts external water through the water extraction pipe 30, and the water pump 28 transports the extracted water to the water delivery pipe 26 through the water inlet pipe 29. The water entering the water delivery pipe 26 is sprayed out through the nozzle 27, and the humidity of the nutrient soil can be adjusted according to the preparation requirements of the nutrient soil; By controlling the operation of the first motor 18, the first motor 18 drives the auger conveyor mechanism 17 to rotate. The auger conveyor mechanism 17 conveys the nutrient soil in the installation box 10, and during the conveying process of the nutrient soil, the auger conveyor mechanism 17 installed in the conveying cylinder 15 further stirs and mixes the nutrient soil. When the nutrient soil is conveyed to the discharge port by the auger conveyor mechanism 17, the nutrient soil falls into the cylindrical structure formed by the limiting plate 1 through the discharge hopper 16. The provided limiting plate 1 is used for the protection during the fermentation of the nutrient soil, reducing the influence of temperature, humidity and microorganisms in the external environment on the fermentation of the nutrient soil; During the fermentation process, a certain sealing plug 8 can be opened according to the demand, and then the fermenting nutrient soil can be sampled through the sampling hole 7, which is convenient for inspecting the fermentation quality of the nutrient soil. If the temperature in the nutrient soil is too high, other limiting plates 1 can be selected to establish a new storage unit, and then the feeding frame 11 on the side of the installation box 10 is placed in the discharge frame 5 of the storage component containing the nutrient soil, and the nutrient soil is turned and planed for cooling through the fan group 14 and the auger conveyor mechanism 17; at the same time, if the humidity of the nutrient soil is too high, dolomite, dry coarse rice bran charcoal, zeolite powder, etc. can be added to the nutrient soil through the feeding box 21 during the turning and planing process to reduce the humidity of the nutrient soil; when the humidity of the nutrient soil is insufficient, humidification treatment can be carried out by spraying water through the nozzle 27. The preparation device can flexibly adjust the temperature and humidity of the nutrient soil during fermentation according to the preparation requirements of the nutrient soil.

[0033] The fermentation process includes: 1. The selection of organic materials includes but is not limited to: domestic sewage sludge, tree fragments, animal manure, garden greening waste, rice husks, deodorants, and biological bacteria for fermentation; In addition, the standby materials include: 1). Oasis seaweed: seaweeds, shellfish fertilizers, shell powder; 2). Plant organic matter: soybean meal, corn bran, seed meal / bran, peanut bran, etc.; 3). Animal manure: chicken manure, chicken manure, sheep manure, cow manure, human excrement and urine; 4). Farmyard manure: compost, leaves, wood chips, grass clippings, plant ash, straw; 5). Others: river silt, sewer silt, fumed soil, pit soil, waste residue, saltpeter soil; It should be noted that large-volume materials need to be crushed, and materials with high humidity can be dehydrated; 2. Fill the container with water to 80% full, add bacteria, molasses, and fine rice bran (or other organic substances), stir well, and let it stand for 12 - 24 hours before use or use directly. It should be noted that after boiling molasses, add water, and after the temperature drops to 30 - 40 °C, add bacteria, then add organic substances such as fine rice bran, and finally add water to 80% full of the container, or directly add EM bacteria stock solution without an activation process. 1L of EM stock solution is used for fermenting one ton of compost nutrient soil; 3. Add the activated microorganisms to the organic material pile, mix well, and adjust the water until when tightly held by hand, water can seep out between the fingers but not drip down. The humidity can be adjusted by pumping water with a water pump; 4. After the turning and mixing component mixes the nutrient soil evenly, discharge it into the storage component, and stack it to a height of about 1.5 meters. The size of the cylindrical structure formed by the storage component depends on the site; 5. Cover the top of the storage component with burlap, straw, or a thin blanket; 6. During large-scale production, the nutrient soil can be stacked 1.5 meters high, and air pipes are set on the ground to intermittently inject air into the storage component with a high-pressure (Lushi) blast furnace at regular intervals. The injection time is determined according to the fermentation temperature, and when the temperature exceeds 60 °C, stop injecting air; 7. Leave it for several days. If the central temperature exceeds 65 °C, it must be turned over, but at most once a day. The central temperature of the nutrient soil can be measured by sampling through the sampling hole; 8. When the temperature drops between 65 °C and 50 °C, observe the drying condition of the surface organic matter. If the surface is completely dry (fermentation stops), then turn it over, but at most once a day; 9. If the compost nutrient soil is too dry, the water volume needs to be adjusted for the second time. Add water to the compost nutrient soil until when tightly held by hand, water almost seeps out between the fingers, but is drier than when adding water for the first time, and continue fermentation; 10. Use the fermentation temperature to evaporate the moisture in the organic materials. As the moisture gradually decreases, the natural temperature also gradually drops. When the central temperature drops to 40°C - 42°C, the nutrient soil can be used, or it can be spread out about 20 cm thick and dried in the shade. After it is completely dried in the shade, it can be packed.

[0034] In addition, during the preparation of the nutrient soil, attention should be paid to: 1. Temperature control: During the composting process, the initial temperature rises rapidly to above 60°C, which can kill pests, diseases, and weed seeds, etc. Then it naturally cools down to around 40°C to 50°C. At this time, it can be used to breed beneficial microorganisms. The factors affecting the temperature rise and fall are: a. Moisture adjustment: The amount of moisture will affect the temperature rise and fall. Appropriate moisture can raise the compost temperature, but too much moisture will cause an anaerobic state and reduce the temperature. When there is too much moisture, dolomite, dry rice bran charcoal, zeolite powder, rice bran powder, dry sawdust, mushroom residue, etc. can be added, and the number of turning operations can be increased; b. Excessive aeration: When using a blast furnace to inject air to promote aerobic fermentation, if there is enough moisture and air injection, the temperature will rise. When the temperature is too high, it is easy to denitrify and stink, and even burn and carbonize. Therefore, the air injection should be reduced for adjustment; c. Carbon-nitrogen ratio and its timeliness: When there is too much crude fiber so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio is too high, the fermentation is slow and the temperature is too low. At this time, high-nitrogen materials such as chicken manure, soybean powder, fish meal, distiller's grains, urea, ammonium sulfate, etc. can be added to raise the temperature. If the temperature still cannot rise after adding high-nitrogen materials, pay attention to whether the moisture and air are provided correctly. When the temperature still does not rise, easily decomposable quick carbon sources such as molasses and starches must be added to make up for the slow decomposition of crude fiber; d. pH: pH 5.5 - 8.0 is suitable for compost fermentation. If the pH value is too low, the temperature will drop. Usually, the pH value drops in the initial stage of composting and then gradually rises to neutral or slightly alkaline. When the pH value is too low, a small amount of slaked lime, shrimp shell powder, rice bran charcoal, silicate slag, dolomite powder, etc. can be added.

[0035] 2. Deammoniation treatment: When the pH value is too high (above pH 8), the phenomenon of deammoniation will occur. However, the reasons for deammoniation in compost fermentation usually include: a. Insufficient carbon source supply in time: Microorganisms use the decomposition of carbohydrates to obtain energy to synthesize nitrogen elements into amino acids, etc. as raw materials for protein synthesis. When the carbon-nitrogen ratio is too low or the carbon source decomposes too slowly (such as lignocellulose), microorganisms cannot obtain enough energy to convert nitrogen compounds (ammonia compounds) into organic nutrients, resulting in a large amount of nitrogen source residues and causing deammoniation. At this time, molasses and starches should be added to provide the urgently needed carbon source to digest the excess nitrogen source in time to stop the continuation of the deammoniation phenomenon.

[0036] b. Too fast decomposition rate: When there is too much moisture or air, the fermentation is vigorous. When the temperature rises above 60 °C, the decomposition rate of organic matter is too fast, and deamination will also occur. At this time, aeration should be stopped, water should be added, zeolite powder should be added at the same time, and turning should be carried out frequently, then the temperature can be reduced and deamination can be stopped.

[0037] c. Unfavorable microbial community: Beneficial soil microorganisms can effectively utilize nitrogen sources to convert them into stable compost nutrient soil, and can also appropriately utilize them to re-synthesize and retain them in the cells, avoiding the dissociation and destruction of excess organic matter and deamination. Microorganisms (nitrate bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria) can even use ammonia gas to produce nitrate nitrogen and ammonium sulfate for plants to absorb. Therefore, if there is a deamination phenomenon, in addition to the above countermeasures for carbon-nitrogen ratio, moisture, air, and fermentation rate, the most important thing is to supplement a large number of beneficial microbial communities.

[0038] Judgment of compost maturity: ① Temperature: After the compost is wetted with water and placed in a whole package for two days, for a completely mature one, it no longer generates heat or only has a slight temperature. ② Odor: After being wetted with water (about 60%) for three days, for a completely mature one, there should be no foul smell. ③ pH: The completely mature compost is close to neutral or slightly alkaline. ④ Germination: Add 20 times warm water to the compost. After one hour, stir and let it stand. Extract the liquid, soak cotton with it, and then sow seeds on the cotton. The mature compost liquid can germinate and grow. ⑤ Sowing: Directly sow vegetable seedlings in compost soil with different percentages, and observe their growth conditions before use. During the fermentation process, sample and test the decrease of C / N ratio.

[0039] Transformation of organic matter during fermentation: The organic matter during fermentation undergoes complex transformations under the action of microorganisms. This transformation can be summarized into two processes: one is the mineralization process of organic matter, that is, decomposing complex organic matter into simple substances, and finally converting into carbon dioxide, water, and mineral nutrients, etc.; the other is the humification process of organic matter, that is, the organic matter is decomposed and then re-synthesized to form more complex special organic matter - humus. The two processes occur simultaneously, but in opposite directions. Under different conditions, the intensity of each process has obvious differences.

[0040] (1) Mineralization of organic matter: ① Decomposition of nitrogen-free organic matter: Polysaccharide compounds (starch, cellulose, hemicellulose) are first hydrolyzed into monosaccharides under the action of hydrolases secreted by microorganisms. Glucose decomposes rapidly under well-aerated conditions, and intermediate products such as alcohol, acetic acid, and oxalic acid are not easily accumulated, and finally form CO2 and H2O, while releasing a large amount of heat energy.

[0041] ② Decomposition of nitrogen-containing organic matter: Nitrogen-containing organic compounds include proteins, amino acids, alkaloids, humus, etc. Except for humus, most of them are easily decomposed. For example, proteins are gradually degraded under the action of proteases secreted by microorganisms to produce various amino acids, and then ammonium salts and nitrates are respectively formed through ammonification and nitrification, which can be absorbed and utilized by plants.

[0042] ③ Transformation of phosphorus-containing organic compounds: Phosphorus-containing organic compounds are converted into phosphoric acid under the action of various saprophytic microorganisms, becoming nutrients that plants can absorb and utilize.

[0043] ④ Transformation of sulfur-containing organic compounds: Sulfur-containing organic compounds are converted into hydrogen sulfide by the action of microorganisms. Under well-aerated conditions, hydrogen sulfide is oxidized into sulfuric acid by the action of sulfur bacteria and reacts with the bases in fermentation to form sulfates, which not only eliminates the toxicity of hydrogen sulfide but also becomes sulfur nutrient materials that plants can absorb.

[0044] ⑤ Transformation of lipids and aromatic organic compounds: Tannins, resins, etc. have complex structures and are decomposed slowly. Their final products are also CO2 and H2O; Lignin contains plant-based raw materials (such as bark, wood chips, etc.). It has a complex structure, contains aromatic nuclei, and exists in plant tissues in the form of polymers, which are extremely difficult to decompose. Under well-aerated conditions, it is mainly decomposed slowly by the action of fungi and actinomycetes. Its aromatic nuclei can become quinone-type compounds, which are one of the raw materials for the resynthesis of humus.

[0045] The mineralization of organic matter can provide quick-acting nutrients for crops and microorganisms, provide energy for microbial activities, and prepare the basic raw materials for the humification of organic matter in compost nutrient soil. During aerobic fermentation, organic matter is quickly mineralized to produce more carbon dioxide, water and other nutrient substances. The decomposition speed is fast and thorough, and a large amount of heat energy is released.

[0046] (2) The humification process of organic matter: The humification process of organic matter can generally be divided into two stages; The first stage: Organic residues are decomposed to form the original materials that make up humus molecules, such as polyphenols, nitrogen-containing organic compounds (amino acids, peptides, etc.); The second stage: First, polyphenols secreted by microorganisms are oxidized into quinones, and then quinones are condensed with amino acids or peptides to form humus monomers. Since there are many types of phenols, quinones, and amino acids, and the condensation methods are not all the same, the formed humus monomers are also diverse. Under different conditions, these monomers are further condensed to form molecules of different sizes.

[0047] (2)Transformation of heavy metals: The biological bacteria used in the present invention can change the existing state of heavy metals in the environment. By transforming heavy metals and controlling their transformation pathways, the toxicity can be reduced. For example, mercury, the earliest heavy metal causing environmental pollution to receive attention, microbial transformation of mercury includes: methylation of inorganic mercury (Hg 2+ ), reduction of inorganic mercury (Hg 2+ ) to HgO, cleavage of methylmercury and other organic mercury compounds and reduction to HgO. Those microorganisms that can transform inorganic mercury and organic mercury into elemental mercury are called mercury-resistant microorganisms.

[0048] The parts not disclosed in the present invention are all prior arts, and their specific structures, materials and working principles will not be elaborated. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a storage component and a turning and mixing component, wherein the storage component comprises a limit plate (1), the two ends of the limit plate (1) are connected by a connecting piece to form a cylindrical structure, the turning and mixing component comprises a bottom plate (9), an installation box (10) is installed on the upper side of the bottom plate (9), a feed frame (11) is installed on the lower side of the side of the installation box (10), and the feed frame (11) is connected to the inner cavity of the installation box (10), a feeding component connected to the inner cavity of the installation box (10) is installed on the side of the installation box (10), and the feeding component is arranged in an inclined manner, and a discharge port is provided at one end of the feeding component away from the installation box (10), and the discharge port is located above the cylindrical structure formed by the limit plate (1), and a feed box (21) is installed on the upper side of the installation box (10), and the feed box (21) is connected to the inner cavity of the installation box (10).

2. The industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting member comprises a connecting plate (2), both ends of the connecting plate (2) are provided with positioning frames (3), the end of the limiting plate (1) is clamped in the positioning frame (3), and a plurality of positioning bolts (4) for positioning the end of the limiting plate (1) are arranged in the positioning frame (3).

3. The industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device according to claim 2, wherein: A discharge frame (5) is fixed to the lower part of the side of the connecting plate (2), and the discharge frame (5) is connected to the inner cavity of the cylindrical structure formed by the limiting plate (1). The discharge frame (5) is snap-fitted with the feed frame (11), and a mounting opening is provided on the upper side of the discharge frame (5). A restraining plate (6) located inside the discharge frame (5) is slidably arranged in the mounting opening.

4. The industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of sampling holes (7) are provided on the side of the connection plate (2) from top to bottom, and sealing plugs (8) are installed in the sampling holes (7), and the sealing plugs (8) are detachably arranged.

5. The industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An adsorption assembly is provided on a side of the installation box (10) away from the feed frame (11), and the adsorption assembly includes an exhaust box (12) installed on the side of the installation box (10), and an exhaust port is provided on a side of the exhaust box (12) close to the feed frame (11), a protective net (13) is installed in the exhaust port, and a fan unit (14) is installed on the side of the exhaust box (12), and the exhaust end of the fan unit (14) is connected to the inner cavity of the exhaust box (12).

6. The industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device according to claim 1, wherein: The feeding assembly comprises a conveying cylinder (15) mounted on the side of the installation box (10) and connected to the inner cavity of the installation box (10), and the conveying cylinder (15) is arranged to be inclined, a Jiaolong conveying mechanism (17) is rotatably mounted in the conveying cylinder (15), a driving assembly for driving the Jiaolong conveying mechanism (17) to rotate is arranged outside the conveying cylinder (15), one end of the Jiaolong conveying mechanism (17) close to the installation box (10) extends into the installation box (10), a discharge hopper (16) is installed at the discharge port of the conveying cylinder (15), a bracket (19) is fixed to the side of the bottom plate (9), a fixing frame (20) for positioning the conveying cylinder (15) is installed on the top of the bracket (19), and a plurality of supporting wheels (31) are rotatably mounted on the lower side of the bottom plate (9).

7. The industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises a first motor (18) mounted on the end of the conveying cylinder (15), and an output shaft of the first motor (18) is connected to the end of the Jiaolong conveying mechanism (17).

8. The industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device according to claim 1, wherein: A mounting shaft (24) is rotatably mounted in the feed box (21), and a plurality of material deflector plates (25) are fixed to the side of the mounting shaft (24). A second motor (23) is mounted outside the feed box (21), and a drive shaft of the second motor (23) is fixedly connected to an end of the mounting shaft (24). The upper part of the feed box (21) is open, and the opening is outwardly expanding. A sealing cover (22) for sealing the opening is provided on the side of the feed box (21).

9. The industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device according to claim 1, wherein: A water delivery pipe (26) is mounted in the upper part of the inner cavity of the mounting box (10), and a plurality of nozzles (27) communicating with the inner cavity thereof are mounted on the side of the water delivery pipe (26). A water supply assembly is provided outside the mounting box (10).

10. The industrial solid waste nutrient soil preparation device according to claim 9, wherein: The water supply assembly includes a water pump (28) mounted on the side of the mounting box (10). A water suction pipe (30) is provided at the water suction port of the water pump (28), and a water inlet pipe (29) communicating with the inner cavity of the water delivery pipe (26) is mounted at the water outlet of the water pump (28).

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