Application of cordyceps sinensis culture residues in improving sexual gland color of sea urchin and feed

Abstract

The invention relates to application of cordyceps sinensis culture residues in improvement of sexual gland color of sea urchins and feed, and belongs to the field of aquaculture, cordyceps sinensis culture medium powder is used as a raw material of a formula feed for strongylocentrotus intermedius for the first time, traditional natural algae are replaced with the cordyceps sinensis culture medium powder in a specific proportion, and a new feed formula is formed. The feed can significantly improve the weight gain rate of the strongylocentrotus intermedius and improve the gonad color. In the feed, a small amount of cordyceps sinensis culture medium powder is used for replacing common kelp and seaweed in the strongylocentrotus intermedius feed, so that the shortage of algae resources such as kelp is relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to the application of cordyceps culture residues in improving the color of sea urchin gonads and feeds. Background Art

[0002] Strongylocentrotus intermedius is an important marine invertebrate, originally distributed in Hokkaido, Japan and the Far East of Russia. The gonads of sea urchins are the only edible part, rich in nutrients, especially favored by the high-end market. The development of sea urchin gonads is crucial for aquaculture efficiency. Therefore, many studies are dedicated to optimizing the aquaculture environment, feed formula, and water quality management to improve the growth rate and gonad color of sea urchins. Factors such as temperature, salinity, and feed types have a crucial impact on the growth and gonad development of sea urchins. The sea urchin industry in China is developing rapidly. Compared with feeding with natural algae, the use of artificial feeds has become a key measure to improve the aquaculture efficiency of sea urchins. However, the extensive use of kelp and seaweed has led to a gradual shortage of algae resources. In addition, there are certain limitations in the nutritional components of natural algae such as kelp. Although kelp is rich in trace elements such as iodine, its protein and fat content is relatively low, making it difficult to meet the high nutritional requirements of the rapid growth and gonad development of sea urchins. In contrast, artificial compound feeds can be scientifically formulated according to the nutritional needs of sea urchins, providing more abundant and balanced nutritional components such as protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals. However, how to make the various component ratios and raw materials in artificial compound feeds promote gonad development while ensuring the quality of sea urchin gonads is the key to preparing artificial compound feeds for sea urchins. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides an application of cordyceps culture residues in improving the color of sea urchin gonads and a feed for the above technical problems. For the first time, cordyceps culture medium powder is used as a raw material for the compound feed of Strongylocentrotus intermedius. By replacing traditional natural algae with cordyceps culture medium powder in a specific ratio, a new feed formula is formed. This feed can significantly increase the weight gain rate of Strongylocentrotus intermedius and improve the gonad color. And a small amount of cordyceps culture medium powder is used to replace the commonly used kelp and seaweed in the feed of Strongylocentrotus intermedius, alleviating the shortage of algae resources such as kelp.

[0004] The present invention is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0005] Application of cordyceps culture residues in improving the color of sea urchin gonads, wherein the application is to add cordyceps culture residues to sea urchin feeds to change the color of sea urchin gonads and promote growth.

[0006] Preferably, the added mass ratio of cordyceps culture residues in sea urchin feeds is 0.5%.

[0007] A sea urchin feed, wherein the feed contains 0.5% by mass of the residues of cordyceps cultivation.

[0008] Preferably, the sea urchin feed further includes fish meal, soybean meal, wheat flour, wheat bran, corn starch, gluten powder, vitamin premix, mineral premix, and palm oil;

[0009] More preferably, the sea urchin feed is: 4 parts of fish meal, 13 parts of soybean meal, 24 parts of wheat flour, 20 parts of wheat bran, 20.5 parts of corn starch, 10 parts of gluten powder, 2 parts of vitamin premix, 2 parts of mineral premix, 0.5 part of cordyceps culture medium powder, and 4 parts of palm oil.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art: By adding the residues of cordyceps cultivation to the sea urchin feed, the present invention can significantly improve the weight gain rate of Strongylocentrotus intermedius and improve the color of the gonads. At the same time, a small amount of cordyceps culture medium powder in the feed replaces the commonly used kelp and seaweed in the feed of Strongylocentrotus intermedius, relieves the tension of algae resources such as kelp, promotes the growth of Strongylocentrotus intermedius, and improves the color of the gonads of Strongylocentrotus intermedius. Description of the Drawings

[0011] Figure 1 It is a graph of the gonad color of Strongylocentrotus intermedius of the present invention, wherein A: kelp group, B: control group, C: 0.5% CMC group, D: 1.0% CMC group, E: 1.5% CMC group. Detailed Embodiments

[0012] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. The following described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The embodiments given do not limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0013] The experimental methods used in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0014] The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following embodiments can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0015] Example 1

[0016] A method for preparing a feed for improving the gonad color of Strongylocentrotus intermedius in this embodiment, the method includes the following steps:

[0017] (1) Preparation of culture medium: The production process of Cordyceps culture medium generally includes the following steps: First, prepare the raw materials for the culture medium. Commonly used carbon sources include wheat flour, and nitrogen sources include soybean meal, yeast powder, etc., supplemented with additives such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and vitamin B1. Second, put the mixed culture medium into a container, perform high-pressure steam sterilization, and then inoculate Cordyceps strains under sterile conditions. Then, place the inoculated culture medium in a suitable environment for cultivation, with the temperature controlled at 20–24 °C, relative humidity 70–80%, light cycle of 12 hours of light / 12 hours of darkness, and the cultivation period is about 25–30 days. Finally, after the cultivation is completed, the product is dried by hot air at 45–55 °C until the moisture content is less than 10%, and then crushed into powder for feed mixing.

[0018] (2) Mixing: First, according to the specified weight fractions of each component, take 4 parts of fish meal, 13 parts of soybean meal, 24 parts of wheat flour, 20 parts of wheat bran, 20.5 parts of corn starch, 10 parts of gluten powder, 2 parts of vitamin premix, 2 parts of mineral premix, 0.5 part of Cordyceps culture medium powder, and 4 parts of palm oil.

[0019] (3) Pelleting: Add 25% of pure water based on the weight of the basic raw materials, mix the raw materials into a dough-like state, and use a feed pelletizer to press the uniformly mixed raw materials into pellet feed;

[0020] (4) After the pellets are dried, they are sealed and stored as the product feed.

[0021] II. Effect verification

[0022] Select 1-year-old Strongylocentrotus intermedius. After 14 days of free-range domestication, select sea urchins of the same size (17.11 ± 0.15 g), randomly distribute 75 cages, with 1 sea urchin in each cage. All sea urchins are placed in a 500 L water tank. To prevent bait and feces from falling through the gaps in the cages, place a culture dish at the bottom of each cage. During the feeding experiment, 15 sea urchins are randomly selected for each experimental feed and fed twice a day until they are clearly full. To ensure the water quality of the aquaculture water body, after each feeding, remove the residual feed and feces, and change the water in the water tank regularly. The amount of water changed is 1 / 3 of the total amount. During the experiment, the basic water data is measured once a day, the water temperature is 15–18 °C, pH is 7.6–8.0, salinity is 32 ± 1.0, and dissolved oxygen is 7.2 ± 0.3 mg L -1 . The experimental period is 60 days.

[0023] Example 2:

[0024] A method for preparing a feed for improving the gonad color of Strongylocentrotus intermedius in this example, the method includes the following steps:

[0025] (1) Preparation of the culture medium: The production process of the Cordyceps culture medium generally includes the following steps: First, prepare the raw materials for the culture medium. Commonly used carbon sources include wheat flour, and nitrogen sources include soybean meal, yeast powder, etc., supplemented with additives such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and vitamin B1. Second, put the mixed culture medium into a container, perform high-pressure steam sterilization, and then inoculate the Cordyceps strain under aseptic conditions. Then, place the inoculated culture medium in a suitable environment for cultivation. The temperature is controlled at 20–24 °C, the relative humidity is 70–80%, the light cycle is 12 hours of light / 12 hours of darkness, and the cultivation cycle is about 25–30 days. Finally, after the cultivation is completed, the product is dried by hot air at 45–55 °C until the moisture content is lower than 10%, and then ground into powder for feed mixing.

[0026] (2) Mixing: First, according to the specified weight fractions of each component, take 4 parts of fish meal, 13 parts of soybean meal, 24 parts of wheat flour, 20 parts of wheat bran, 20 parts of corn starch, 10 parts of gluten powder, 2 parts of vitamin premix, 2 parts of mineral premix, 1 part of Cordyceps culture medium powder, and 4 parts of palm oil.

[0027] (3) Pelletizing: Add 25% of pure water based on the weight of the above basic raw materials, mix the raw materials into a dough-like state, and use a feed pelletizer to press the uniformly mixed raw materials into pellet feed;

[0028] (4) After the pellets are dried, they are sealed and stored as the product feed.

[0029] II. Effect verification

[0030] Select 1-year-old Strongylocentrotus intermedius. After 14 days of free-range domestication, select sea urchins of the same size (17.11 ± 0.15 g), randomly distribute 75 cages, with 1 sea urchin in each cage. All sea urchins are placed in a 500 L water tank. To prevent bait and feces from falling through the gaps in the cages, place a culture dish at the bottom of each cage. During the feeding experiment, randomly select 15 sea urchins for each experimental feed for feeding, and feed twice a day until they are clearly full. To ensure the water quality of the aquaculture water body, after each feeding, remove the residual feed and feces, and change the water in the water tank regularly. The amount of water changed is 1 / 3 of the total amount. During the experiment, the basic water data is measured once a day, the water temperature is 15–18 °C, the pH is 7.6–8.0, the salinity is 32 ± 1.0, and the dissolved oxygen is 7.2 ± 0.3 mg L -1 . The experimental period is 60 days.

[0031] Example 3: A method for preparing a feed for improving the gonad color of Strongylocentrotus intermedius according to this example, the method includes the following steps:

[0032] (1) Preparation of the culture medium: The production process of the Cordyceps culture medium generally includes the following steps: First, prepare the raw materials for the culture medium. Commonly used carbon sources include wheat flour, and nitrogen sources include soybean meal, yeast powder, etc., supplemented with additives such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and vitamin B1. Second, put the mixed culture medium into a container, carry out high-pressure steam sterilization, and then inoculate the Cordyceps fungus under sterile conditions. Then, place the inoculated culture medium in a suitable environment for cultivation. The temperature is controlled at 20–24°C, the relative humidity is 70–80%, the light cycle is 12 hours of light / 12 hours of darkness, and the cultivation period is about 25–30 days. Finally, after the cultivation is completed, the product is dried by hot air at 45–55°C until the moisture content is less than 10%, and then crushed into powder for feed mixing.

[0033] (2) Mixing: First, according to the specified weight fractions of each component, take 4 parts of fish meal, 13 parts of soybean meal, 24 parts of wheat flour, 20 parts of wheat bran, 19.5 parts of corn starch, 10 parts of gluten powder, 2 parts of vitamin premix, 2 parts of mineral premix, 1.5 parts of Cordyceps culture medium powder, and 4 parts of palm oil.

[0034] (3) Pelleting: Add pure water accounting for 25% of the weight of the basic raw materials, mix the raw materials into a dough-like state, and use a feed pellet machine to press the uniformly mixed raw materials into pellet feed;

[0035] (4) After the pellets are dried, they are sealed and stored as the product feed.

[0036] II. Effect verification

[0037] Select 1-year-old Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. After 14 days of free-range domestication, select sea urchins of the same size (17.11±0.15 g), randomly distribute 75 cages, with 1 sea urchin in each cage. All sea urchins are placed in a 500 L water tank. To prevent bait and feces from falling through the gaps in the cages, place a culture dish at the bottom of each cage. During the feeding experiment, randomly select 15 sea urchins for each experimental feed for feeding, and feed twice a day until they are clearly full. To ensure the water quality of the aquaculture water body, after each feeding, remove the remaining feed and feces, and change the water in the water tank regularly. The amount of water changed is 1 / 3 of the total amount. During the experiment, the basic data of the water body is measured once a day. The water temperature is 15–18°C, the pH is 7.6–8.0, the salinity is 32±1.0, and the dissolved oxygen is 7.2±0.3 mg L -1 . The experimental period is 60 days.

[0038] At the same time, set up a group that is completely fed with kelp and a control group. The control group is fed with a basic feed, and the basic feed is: 4 parts of fish meal, 13 parts of soybean meal, 24 parts of wheat flour, 20 parts of wheat bran, 21 parts of corn starch, 10 parts of gluten powder, 2 parts of vitamin premix, 2 parts of mineral premix, and 4 parts of palm oil.

[0039] The experimental results of Examples 1-4 are shown in Table 1. At a concentration of 0.5%, the weight gain rate of the Cordyceps culture medium was slightly lower than that of the kelp group, but the difference was not significant (P<0.05), indicating that the Cordyceps culture medium could promote the growth of sea urchins, and its effect was similar to that of the kelp group. The research results showed that the Cordyceps culture medium could effectively promote the growth of sea urchins at a concentration of 0.5%.

[0040] As shown in Table 2, the brightness value of the gonads of sea urchins at a concentration of 0.5% was significantly higher than that of the kelp group, and the redness and yellowness were lower than those of the kelp group. The ΔE1 value of the kelp group was higher, indicating that the difference in the gonad color of the kelp group from the standard orange-yellow increased. Although the ΔE2 value of the 0.5% CMC group was higher than that of the kelp group, indicating a larger difference from the standard yellow, there were significant changes in the ΔE2 value compared with the control group, the 1.0% CMC group, and the 1.5% CMC group. This showed that the 0.5% CMC group could effectively improve the color of the gonads, making it closer to the standard orange-yellow.

[0041] From Figure 1 It can be seen that in the control group and the feed group, the gonad color of the sea urchins in the 0.5% CMC feed group was relatively plump, while the gonad color of the kelp group was relatively bright, but the gonads were not plump.

[0042] Table 1 Growth effect of Strongylocentrotus intermedius in the present invention

[0043]

[0044] Table 2 Color difference of gonads of Strongylocentrotus intermedius in the present invention

[0045]

[0046] Note:

[0047] 1 L*: Brightness value; 2 a*: Red; 3 b* Yellow;

[0048] 4 ΔE1: Average color difference, compared with the standard orange-yellow;

[0049] 5 ΔE2; Average color difference, compared with the standard yellow. The lower the value of ΔE, the more similar to the standard color.

[0050] Example 5

[0051] A method for preparing a feed for improving the color of the gonads of Centrostephanus nudus in this embodiment. The cordyceps culture residue used in this embodiment is the culture residue after harvesting cordyceps purchased. Other implementation conditions are the same as those in Embodiment 1. After a 60-day breeding experiment, when the purchased cordyceps culture residue is added at a mass ratio of 0.5%, the same technical effect as that in Embodiment 1 can also be obtained.

Claims

1. Use of cordyceps culture residues in improving the color of sea urchin gonads, characterized in that, The application is to add the cordyceps culture residue to the sea urchin feed to change the color of the sea urchin gonad and promote growth.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of adding the cordyceps culture residue to the sea urchin feed is 0.5%.

3. A sea urchin feed, characterized in that, The feed contains the cordyceps culture residue with a mass ratio of 0.5%.

4. The sea urchin feed according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sea urchin feed further includes fish meal, soybean meal, wheat flour, wheat bran, corn starch, gluten powder, vitamin premix, mineral premix and palm oil.

5. The sea urchin feed according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sea urchin feed is: 4 parts of fish meal, 13 parts of soybean meal, 24 parts of wheat flour, 20 parts of wheat bran, 20.5 parts of corn starch, 10 parts of gluten powder, 2 parts of vitamin premix, 2 parts of mineral premix, 0.5 part of cordyceps culture medium powder and 4 parts of palm oil.

Images