Surgical retractor

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical apparatus and instruments, in particular to an operation retractor which comprises four supporting arms, the four supporting arms correspond to one another end to end and are distributed in a rectangular shape, sliding holes are formed in the inner ends of the supporting arms, sliding boxes are slidably connected into the sliding holes, and sliding rods penetrate through the inner ends of the sliding boxes; a connecting piece is fixedly installed at the end, away from the supporting arm, of the sliding rod, a shifting plate is arranged below the connecting piece, rotating cylinders are arranged on the two sides of the supporting arm, driven cylinders are connected to the inner ends of the rotating cylinders, an adjusting cylinder is arranged at the end, away from the rotating cylinders, of the supporting arm, and an adjusting device used for controlling the motion trail of the connecting piece is arranged in the adjusting cylinder. Through synchronous movement of the four shifting plates, it is ensured that an incision is evenly and stably expanded, the exposure effect of an operation view is remarkably improved, meanwhile, the tissue damage risk is reduced, meanwhile, the driving plate can be directly adjusted according to actual requirements in an operation, linkage displacement of all the shifting plates is controlled in real time, and the tedious step that a traditional instrument needs to be adjusted one by one is omitted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical device apparatuses, and specifically to a surgical retractor. Background Art

[0002] A retractor, also known as a retractor hook, is used to retract tissues, expose the surgical field of view, facilitate exploration and operation. It can be divided into two categories: hand-held retractor hooks and automatic retractor hooks, with various shapes and sizes. Appropriate retractor hooks can be selected according to the surgical needs. For surgeries with a large required field of view, there are more diverse types of retractors to choose from. For minimally invasive surgeries, on the one hand, the use of a retractor should meet the needs of the surgical field of view, and more importantly, it should avoid excessive damage to the wound.

[0003] After retrieval, it is found that the prior art publication number is CN114366199A, which discloses a medical surgical retractor. The curved guide rail is installed on the front side of the operating table. The pulling mechanism can move and be positioned on the curved guide rail. The handwheel can lock the left-right rotation, up-down movement, and position on the curved guide rail of the pulling mechanism. A horizontal empty platform is provided on the bracket. The first clamping block and the second clamping block are respectively rotatably installed on the left and right sides inside the horizontal empty platform. The extension rod is installed at the right end of the square rod structure and forms a screw pair. Rotating the extension rod can achieve the horizontal expansion and contraction of the pulling mechanism. A hook is provided at the right end of the wire. The hook can be connected to a tissue retractor hook or a trachea retractor hook. The left end of the wire passes through the through circular hole inside the extension rod, passes through the gap between the first clamping block and the second clamping block, and then passes out through the smooth circular hole inside the left end of the square rod structure. A pull ring is provided at the left end of the wire. Through the action of the first spring piece and the second spring piece, the first clamping block and the second clamping block can lock the one-way movement of the wire, thereby locking the position of the tissue retractor hook or the trachea retractor hook.

[0004] Therefore, based on the above retrieval and combined with the existing technology, the dial plate / expansion piece of the traditional retractor needs to be adjusted separately, and the synchronous linkage control of multiple dial plates cannot be achieved, resulting in uneven incision expansion, significantly increasing the risk of tissue damage. At the same time, its operation process is cumbersome and time-consuming, seriously affecting the surgical efficiency. And most existing retractors adopt a fixed gear or manual locking design, lacking the ability of real-time dynamic adjustment during the operation, and it is difficult to meet the changing requirements of different tissue states, especially insufficient in complex surgical scenarios such as deep incisions or fragile tissues. For this reason, this application proposes a surgical retractor. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a surgical retractor to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a surgical retractor, comprising four support arms, which correspond to each other head to tail and are distributed in a rectangular shape, the inner ends of the support arms are each provided with a sliding hole, the interior of the sliding hole is slidably connected with a sliding box, and the inner ends of the sliding boxes are each penetrated with a sliding rod, a connecting piece is fixedly installed at one end of the sliding rod away from the support arm, a paddle for prying skin is provided below the connecting piece, a rotating cylinder is provided on the left and right sides of the four support arms, a passive cylinder is rotatably connected to the inner end of the rotating cylinder, one end of the support arm is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the passive cylinder, the support arm adjacent to the passive cylinder is fixedly connected to the rotating cylinder, an adjusting cylinder is provided at one end of the support arm away from the rotating cylinder, and an adjusting device for controlling the movement trajectory of the connecting piece is provided in the adjusting cylinder.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention, a limiting tooth is fixedly installed on the inner bottom end of the rotating cylinder, and a card box is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the passive cylinder. The inner end of the card box is rotatably connected to a card strip via a rotating shaft, and the outer surface of the card strip is clamped in the inside of the limiting tooth. The support arm has segmental damping when rotating, and can achieve self-locking positioning at any angle. The meshing structure of the limiting tooth and the card strip can achieve segmental precise positioning of the support arm, so that the surgical retractor can stably self-lock at any angle, significantly improving the reliability of intraoperative positioning.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention, a driving tube is rotatably installed on the inner bottom end of the sliding box, a traction belt is wound on the outer surface of the driving tube, and the free end of the traction belt is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the connecting piece, and a passive tube is rotatably installed on the inner upper end of the sliding box. By designing the driving tube wound with the traction belt, linear adjustment of the displacement of the connecting piece is achieved, which can accurately control the incision expansion force and avoid tissue damage caused by uneven pulling force of traditional retractors.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention, the bottom end of the passive tube is rotatably connected to the driving tube, a driving belt is passed through the interior of the support arm, the driving belt is passed through the interior of the sliding box, a passive sleeve is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the passive tube, and the outer surface of the driving belt is in contact with the outer surface of the passive sleeve.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, an unlocking rod is passed through the inner end of the driving tube, and a latch tooth is fixedly connected to the upper end of the unlocking rod. The latch tooth is passed through the interior of the passive tube, and a latch groove is fixedly installed at the inner end of the passive tube, and the latch tooth is latched in the interior of the latch groove. Through the meshing structure of the latch tooth and the latch groove, bidirectional mechanical locking of the driving tube and the passive tube is achieved, ensuring that the traction belt can be firmly fixed at any position, avoiding accidental loosening during surgery and causing loss of control of the incision.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, a stabilizing block is fixedly connected to one end of the driving tube away from the passive tube. A passive disk is arranged at one end of the stabilizing block close to the driving tube. The inner end of the passive disk is fixedly connected to the unlocking rod. Through the linkage design of the stabilizing block and the passive disk, it is ensured that the driving tube maintains axial stability during rotation, avoiding the deviation of the traction belt due to the shaking of the tube body, and improving the accuracy of incision expansion.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, when the passive disk moves upward under force, it drives the unlocking rod to move, so that the engaging teeth are disengaged from the connection with the card slot. At this time, the passive tube and the driving tube can rotate independently. An unlocking sleeve is sleeved on the outer surface of the stabilizing block. One end of the unlocking sleeve close to the driving tube is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the passive disk. Through the linkage design of the unlocking sleeve and the passive disk, only by pushing the unlocking sleeve upward with one hand can the engaging teeth be instantaneously disengaged from the card slot, realizing the rapid separation of the driving tube and the passive tube, significantly improving the intraoperative emergency unlocking efficiency. The external structure of the unlocking sleeve conforms to the holding habit of the operator, and the unlocking action can be completed without shifting the line of sight during operation, ensuring the smoothness of the operation.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention, the adjusting device includes a rotating column, the rotating column is rotatably connected to the inner end of the adjusting cylinder. A passive gear is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating column. A driving plate is arranged outside the adjusting cylinder for applying an adjusting torque. One end of the driving plate close to the passive gear is fixedly connected to a driving rack. A limiting groove is opened at the inner end of the adjusting cylinder. Through the meshing transmission of the driving rack and the passive gear, the precise rotation adjustment of the rotating column is realized, so that the incision expansion force can be linearly finely adjusted, significantly improving the fineness of the surgical operation.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention, the limiting groove corresponds to the driving rack, and the limiting groove is arc-shaped. A passive plate is arranged at the bottom end of the driving rack. A sliding groove is opened at one end of the passive plate close to the driving rack. A connecting block is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the driving rack, and the connecting block is arranged inside the sliding groove. A sliding block is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the passive plate, and the sliding block is arranged inside the sliding groove. Through the cooperation of the arc-shaped limiting groove and the driving rack, it is ensured that the movement track is accurately controllable during the adjustment process, avoiding deviation or jamming, and improving the operation smoothness.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. When the present invention is used, through the synchronous movement of the four dial plates, it is ensured that the incision is evenly and stably expanded, significantly improving the exposure effect of the surgical field of view, reducing the risk of tissue damage at the same time. During the operation, the driving plate can be directly adjusted according to the actual needs to control the linkage displacement of all the dial plates in real time, eliminating the cumbersome steps of adjusting each traditional instrument one by one, and greatly shortening the operation time; 2. When the present invention is in use, the reverse rotation of the drive tube is used to control the release of the traction belt, realizing the progressive reset of the connecting piece, enabling the incision tissue to relax naturally, avoiding tissue traction damage caused by sudden release, making the gradual relaxation process of the incision tissue conform to the physiological characteristics of surgical operations, protecting the integrity of the tissue around the incision to the greatest extent, reducing the dependence on the operator's fine operation degree, and reducing the risk of human error. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a surgical retractor; Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the support arm and the rotating cylinder; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram inside the rotating cylinder; Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram inside the passive cylinder; Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram inside the sliding box; Figure 6 It is an enlarged schematic structural diagram inside the sliding box; Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram inside the drive tube; Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the adjusting device; Figure 9 It is an exploded view of the adjusting device; Figure 10 It is a diagram of the straight state and the curled state of the traction belt.

[0017] In the figure: 1. Support arm; 2. Rotating cylinder; 3. Sliding box; 4. Drive belt; 101. Sliding rod; 102. Connecting piece; 103. Dial plate; 201. Adjusting cylinder; 202. Drive plate; 203. Rotating column; 204. Passive gear; 205. Limiting groove; 206. Sliding block; 207. Passive plate; 208. Sliding groove; 209. Drive rack; 210. Connecting block; 301. Passive cylinder; 302. Limiting teeth; 303. Return spring; 304. Passive dial block; 305. Abutting rod; 306. Return torsion spring; 307. Central rod; 308. Card box; 309. Card strip; 401. Passive disc; 402. Drive tube; 403. Traction belt; 404. Passive tube; 405. Passive sleeve; 406. Stabilizing block; 407. Unlocking sleeve; 408. Elastic plate; 409. Unlocking rod; 410. Card teeth; 411. Card slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 A surgical retractor comprises four support arms 1, the four support arms 1 correspond to each other head to tail and are distributed in a rectangular shape, the inner ends of the support arms 1 are each provided with a sliding hole, the interior of the sliding hole is slidably connected with a sliding box 3, and the inner ends of the sliding boxes 3 are each penetrated with a sliding rod 101, and the end of the sliding rod 101 away from the support arm 1 is fixedly installed with a connecting piece 102 by bolts, and a paddle plate 103 for prying away the skin is arranged below the connecting piece 102, the outer surface of the paddle plate 103 adopts a rounded and smooth design, and is made of a high-strength lightweight titanium alloy, and the four support arms 1 A rotating cylinder 2 is provided on both sides of the left and right sides, and the inner end of the rotating cylinder 2 is rotatably connected to the passive cylinder 301, one end of the support arm 1 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the passive cylinder 301, and the support arm 1 adjacent to the passive cylinder 301 is fixedly connected to the rotating cylinder 2, and an adjusting cylinder 201 is provided at the end of the support arm 1 away from the rotating cylinder 2, and an adjusting device for controlling the movement trajectory of the connecting member 102 is provided in the adjusting cylinder 201. Specifically, when in use, the adjusting device can drive the distance between the connecting member 102 and the sliding box 3 to change, so as to accurately control the size of the skin incision.

[0020] See also Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 The limiting tooth 302 is fixedly installed on the inner bottom end of the rotating cylinder 2, and a card box 308 is fixedly welded on the outer surface of the passive cylinder 301. The inner end of the card box 308 is rotatably connected with a card strip 309 through a rotating shaft. The outer surface of the card strip 309 is clamped in the inside of the limiting tooth 302, and the card strip 309 and the card box 308 are connected by a spring sheet, so that the card strip 309 always maintains a rotational force in the direction of the limiting tooth 302. The card strip 309 is triangular in shape, so that when the passive cylinder 301 rotates, the card strip 309 can be on the triangular outer surface, so that it can be separated from the trough of the limiting tooth 302, and then reach the crest, but under the action of continuous rotation, it returns to the trough, so that the support arm 1 has segmented damping when rotating, and can achieve self-locking positioning at any angle, so that the opening size of the four support arms 1 can be accurately controlled according to surgical requirements to adapt to different incision specifications; A central rod 307 is inserted through the inner end of the passive cylinder 301. The bottom end of the central rod 307 is fixedly connected to the rotating cylinder 2. The central rod 307 and the passive cylinder 301 are clamped by a return torsion spring 306. The elastic force of the return torsion spring 306 is less than the elastic force of the elastic piece. A rectangular hole is formed on the outer surface of the passive cylinder 301. An abutting rod 305 is fixedly welded to the outer surface of the central rod 307. The abutting rod 305 passes through the rectangular hole and is exposed on the surface of the passive cylinder 301. When the rotating cylinder 2 rotates, the abutting rod 305 is driven to rotate synchronously through the central rod 307. The rectangular hole limits the rotation angle range of the abutting rod 305, preventing the support arm 1 from rotating beyond the limit and being unable to reset.

[0021] Embodiment 2: Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 5 - Figure 7 、 Figure 10 ., a surgical retractor. Based on Embodiment 1, a drive tube 402 is rotatably installed at the inner bottom end of the sliding box 3. A traction belt 403 is wound around the outer surface of the drive tube 402. The free end of the traction belt 403 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the connecting member 102. The traction belt 403 is made of elastic metal. When in a non-wound state, its outer surface is curved (as shown in Figure 10 ), enabling it to have a certain ability to resist bending and be able to push the connecting member 102 to move. A passive tube 404 is rotatably installed at the inner upper end of the sliding box 3, and the bottom end of the passive tube 404 is rotatably connected to the drive tube 402. A drive belt 4 is inserted through the inside of the support arm 1. The drive belt 4 is inserted through the inside of the sliding box 3. A passive sleeve 405 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the passive tube 404, and the outer surface of the drive belt 4 is in contact with the outer surface of the passive sleeve 405; Specifically, a plurality of rectangular holes are formed on the outer surface of the drive belt 4. A plurality of rectangular blocks are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the passive sleeve 405. The rectangular blocks are arranged in a ring shape. The size of the rectangular blocks on the outer surface of the passive sleeve 405 is equal to the size of the rectangular holes on the outer surface of the drive belt 4. When the outer surface of the drive belt 4 is in contact with the outer surface of the passive sleeve 405, the rectangular blocks on the outer surface of the passive sleeve 405 are inserted into the rectangular holes on the outer surface of the drive belt 4. When the drive belt 4 is pulled, the passive sleeve 405 rotates accordingly.

[0022] As shown in Figure 6 、 Figure 7As shown, the inner end of the driving tube 402 is penetrated with an unlocking rod 409, and the upper end of the unlocking rod 409 is fixedly welded with a latching tooth 410, which is penetrated inside the passive tube 404, and the inner end of the passive tube 404 is fixedly welded with a latching groove 411, and the latching tooth 410 is clamped inside the latching groove 411, and the inner end of the driving tube 402 is provided with a driving groove, and a limit block is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the unlocking rod 409, and the limit block is penetrated in the driving groove, so that the unlocking rod 409 can only move up and down, and can rotate with the driving tube 402 under the action of the driving groove. Specifically, the unlocking rod 409 and the passive tube 404 are connected by a resisting spring; The end of the driving tube 402 away from the passive tube 404 is fixedly connected with a stabilizing block 406, and the end of the stabilizing block 406 close to the driving tube 402 is provided with a passive disk 401, and the inner end of the passive disk 401 is fixedly connected with the unlocking rod 409. When the passive disk 401 is forced to move upward, it drives the unlocking rod 409 to move, so that the latching tooth 410 is disconnected from the latching groove 411, and at this time, the passive tube 404 and the driving tube 402 can rotate independently; The outer surface of the stabilizing block 406 is sleeved with an unlocking sleeve 407, and the end of the unlocking sleeve 407 close to the driving tube 402 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the passive disk 401. Specifically, the bottom end of the unlocking sleeve 407 extends to the bottom end of the sliding box 3, and the end of the unlocking sleeve 407 away from the passive disk 401 is fixedly installed with a plurality of strip plates, and is penetrated at the bottom end of the sliding box 3, so that the unlocking sleeve 407 can only move up and down. The outer surface of the stabilizing block 406 is provided with a plurality of passive grooves, and the unlocking sleeve 407 is connected to the bottom end of the sliding box 3. A plurality of spring plates 408 are fixedly installed at the inner end of 7, and the plurality of spring plates 408 respectively correspond to the passive grooves on the outer surface of the stabilizing block 406, and the spring plates 408 are inserted into the passive grooves. Then, when the stabilizing block 406 rotates, the spring plates 408 are separated from the passive grooves on the outer surface of the stabilizing block 406. As the stabilizing block 406 continues to rotate, the spring plates 408 return to the passive grooves again, so that the stabilizing block 406 has a sense of paragraph when rotating, and also has a locking effect to prevent the stabilizing block 406 from rotating.

[0023] like Figure 1 , Figure 8 , Figure 9As shown in the figure, the adjusting device includes a rotating column 203. The rotating column 203 is rotatably connected to the inner end of the adjusting cylinder 201. The end of the driving belt 4 is wound around the outer surface of the rotating column 203. A driven gear 204 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating column 203. A driving plate 202 is provided outside the adjusting cylinder 201 for applying an adjusting torque. One end of the driving plate 202 close to the driven gear 204 is fixedly connected with a driving rack 209. The driving rack 209 is arc-shaped. After the driving rack 209 moves away from the driving plate 202, it meshes with the driven gear 204. A limiting groove 205 is opened at the inner end of the adjusting cylinder 201. The limiting groove 205 corresponds to the driving rack 209 and is arc-shaped. A driven plate 207 is arranged at the bottom end of the driving rack 209. A sliding groove 208 is opened at one end of the driven plate 207 close to the driving rack 209. A connecting block 210 is fixedly welded at the bottom end of the driving rack 209, and the connecting block 210 penetrates inside the sliding groove 208; A sliding block 206 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the driven plate 207. The sliding block 206 penetrates inside the sliding groove 208. Specifically, the connecting block 210 and the sliding groove 208 are connected by an abutting spring, so that a certain distance is always maintained between the driving rack 209 and the driven gear 204. By pressing the driving plate 202 with the hand, the driving rack 209 meshes with the driven gear 204. Then, the driving plate 202 is toggled to rotate along the radian of the limiting groove 205, so that the driven gear 204 rotates. The driven gear 204 and the adjusting cylinder 201 are connected by a damping ring; There are two sets of adjusting devices, which are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the support arm 1. One end of the support arm 1 far from the rotating cylinder 2 is rotatably connected to the adjusting cylinder 201.

[0024] As Figure 2 、 Figure 3 shown, a driven block 304 is sleeved on the outer surface of the driven cylinder 301. The driven block 304 and the rotating cylinder 2 are connected by two return springs 303. The two return springs 303 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the driven block 304. The driving belt 4 penetrates inside the driven block 304. A convex block is fixedly installed at the inner end of the driven block 304 and penetrates inside a rectangular hole on the outer surface of the driving belt 4. When the driving belt 4 is pulled, the driven block 304 also rotates due to the convex block penetrating inside the rectangular hole on the outer surface of the driving belt 4. As the rotation angle increases, the convex block disengages from the rectangular hole on the outer surface of the driving belt 4 and then, under the elastic force of the return spring 303, the convex block penetrates inside the rectangular hole on the outer surface of the driving belt 4 again, keeping the driving belt 4 always in a taut state and preventing the driving belt 4 from being unable to drive the driven sleeve 405 to rotate.

[0025] The working principle of the present invention is: During use, the operator separates the four support arms 1, adjusts the opening inside to the required size. After cutting the skin, the unlocking sleeve 407 is pushed upward to move, and the unlocking lever 409 is driven by the passive disk 401 to move, so that the engaging teeth 410 are no longer connected to the engaging slots 411. At this time, the sliding box 3 can be moved to position the dial plate 103 at a suitable location. Then, the unlocking sleeve 407 is released. When the sliding box 3 moves, the passive sleeve 405 starts to rotate on its own under the action of the drive belt 4, and at this time, it will not drive the drive tube 402 to rotate; Subsequently, after the dial plate 103 contacts the skin incision, the drive plate 202 on the front side of the support arm 1 is pressed and toggled (i.e., Figure 1 area A in the figure). At this time, the drive rack 209 meshes with the passive gear 204. Then, when the drive plate 202 offsets along the arc of the limit slot 205, the passive gear 204 starts to rotate. The rotation of the passive gear 204 drives the rotation column 203 to rotate. By repeating the action of toggling the drive plate 202, the rotation column 203 continues to rotate, winding the drive belt 4 around its outer surface. At this time, the drive belt 4 is subjected to a pulling force, and the passive tube 404 is driven to rotate by the passive sleeve 405. The passive tube 404 drives the drive tube 402 to rotate through the unlocking lever 409. While the drive tube 402 rotates, the traction belt 403 is wound around its outer surface. The traction belt 403 pulls the connecting member 102, and the traction belt 403 drives the connecting member 102 to move, driving the dial plate 103 to smoothly expand the incision, avoiding tissue tearing. At this time, the four dial plates 103 are synchronously linked to achieve uniform expansion of the incision, effectively improving the surgical operation efficiency; After the operation is completed, the drive plate 202 on the rear side of the support arm 1 is toggled ( Figure 1 area B in the figure), causing the passive gear 204 to rotate again. At this time, the drive belt 4 moves to drive the passive sleeve 405 to rotate in the reverse direction, and drives the drive tube 402 to rotate in the reverse direction to release the traction belt 403, driving the connecting member 102 to reset, and gradually relaxing the incision tissue to complete the preparation for withdrawing the instrument.

[0026] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention and its inventive concept, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surgical retractor, comprising four support arms (1), characterized in that: Four support arms (1) correspond to each other end to end and are distributed in a rectangle. The inner ends of the support arms (1) are all provided with sliding holes, and sliding boxes (3) are all slidably connected inside the sliding holes. And sliding rods (101) are all inserted through the inner ends of the sliding boxes (3). One end of the sliding rod (101) away from the support arm (1) is fixedly installed with a connecting piece (102). Below the connecting piece (102) is provided a dial plate (103) for pushing aside the skin. On both the left and right sides of the support arm (1) are provided rotating cylinders (2). The inner end of the rotating cylinder (2) is rotatably connected with a driven cylinder (301). One end of the support arm (1) is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the driven cylinder (301), and the support arm (1) adjacent to the driven cylinder (301) is fixedly connected with the rotating cylinder (2). One end of the support arm (1) away from the rotating cylinder (2) is provided with an adjusting cylinder (201). Inside the adjusting cylinder (201) is provided an adjusting device for controlling the movement track of the connecting piece (102).

2. The surgical retractor according to claim 1, wherein: At the inner bottom end of the rotating cylinder (2) is fixedly installed a limiting tooth (302). On the outer surface of the driven cylinder (301) is fixedly connected a card box (308). Inside the card box (308), a card strip (309) is rotatably connected through a rotating shaft. The outer surface of the card strip (309) is clamped inside the limiting tooth (302). When the support arm (1) rotates, it has a sectional damping and can be self-locked and positioned at any angle.

3. A surgical retractor according to claim 1, wherein: At the inner bottom end of the sliding box (3) is rotatably installed a driving tube (402). A traction belt (403) is wound around the outer surface of the driving tube (402). The free end of the traction belt (403) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the connecting piece (102). At the inner upper end of the sliding box (3) is rotatably installed a driven tube (404).

4. The surgical retractor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom end of the driven tube (404) is rotatably connected with the driving tube (402). Inside the support arm (1) is inserted a driving belt (4). The driving belt (4) is inserted through the inside of the sliding box (3). The outer surface of the driven tube (404) is fixedly sleeved with a driven sleeve (405), and the outer surface of the driving belt (4) is in contact with the outer surface of the driven sleeve (405).

5. The surgical retractor according to claim 4, characterized in that: Inside the inner end of the driving tube (402) is inserted an unlocking rod (409). The upper end of the unlocking rod (409) is fixedly connected with a locking tooth (410). The locking tooth (410) is inserted through the inside of the driven tube (404). At the inner end of the driven tube (404) is fixedly installed a card slot (411), and the locking tooth (410) is clamped inside the card slot (411).

6. The surgical retractor according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the driving tube (402) away from the driven tube (404) is fixedly connected with a stabilizing block (406). At one end of the stabilizing block (406) close to the driving tube (402) is provided a driven disc (401). The inner end of the driven disc (401) is fixedly connected with the unlocking rod (409).

7. A surgical retractor according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the driven disk (401) moves upward under force, it drives the unlocking lever (409) to move, causing the engaging teeth (410) to disengage from the engaging slots (411). At this time, the driven tube (404) and the driving tube (402) can rotate independently. An unlocking sleeve (407) is sleeved on the outer surface of the stabilizing block (406), and one end of the unlocking sleeve (407) close to the driving tube (402) is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the driven disk (401).

8. The surgical retractor according to claim 1, wherein: The adjusting device includes a rotating column (203). The rotating column (203) is rotatably connected to the inner end of the adjusting cylinder (201). A driven gear (204) is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating column (203). A driving plate (202) for applying an adjusting torque is provided on the outer side of the adjusting cylinder (201). A driving rack (209) is fixedly connected to one end of the driving plate (202) close to the driven gear (204). A limiting groove (205) is formed at the inner end of the adjusting cylinder (201).

9. The surgical retractor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The limiting groove (205) corresponds to the driving rack (209), and the limiting groove (205) is arc-shaped. A driven plate (207) is provided at the bottom end of the driving rack (209). A sliding groove (208) is formed at one end of the driven plate (207) close to the driving rack (209). A connecting block (210) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the driving rack (209), and the connecting block (210) is arranged inside the sliding groove (208). A sliding block (206) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the driven plate (207), and the sliding block (206) is arranged inside the sliding groove (208).

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