Self-locking dilator for orthopedic surgery

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical apparatus and instruments, and discloses a self-locking type orthopedic surgery dilator which comprises a first rod body and a second rod body, the first rod body and the second rod body are hinged in an X shape, holding rings are fixedly installed at the tail ends of the first rod body and the second rod body, and a self-locking assembly is installed between the first rod body and the second rod body; the self-locking assembly comprises a ratchet plate installed in the first rod body, the end, away from the first rod body, of the ratchet plate is slidably installed in the second rod body, one side of the ratchet plate is in meshed connection with a ratchet wheel, the ratchet wheel is rotatably installed in the second rod body, a ratchet is installed on one side of the ratchet wheel, and a first rotating shaft is rotatably installed on the inner wall of one end of the ratchet. During work, a worker embeds the thumb and the index finger into the holding rings at the ends of the first rod body and the second rod body correspondingly, then force is applied to enable the front ends of the first rod body and the second rod body to expand, expansion of the first rod body and expansion of the second rod body are self-locked, operation convenience is improved, and the adjusting efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of medical devices, and specifically relates to a self-locking dilator for orthopedic surgery. Background Technique

[0002] A dilator is a medical device widely used in the medical field. Its core function is to expand tissues or organs through mechanical or physical means to meet the needs of clinical treatment or repair. In orthopedic surgery, a dilator (also known as a retractor) is a key instrument used to retract soft tissues such as muscles and fascia to provide a clear surgical field. Traditional dilators are mainly divided into two types: manually retractable and mechanically fixed. The manual dilator relies on human force to maintain. The traditional retractor requires an assistant to continuously apply force to pull. During a long operation, it is easy to cause fatigue and affect the stability of the surgical field. The mechanical dilator usually uses thread locking. When adjusting the thread, both hands are required to cooperate (one hand fixes and the other hand rotates), which is inconvenient and inefficient when the operator operates independently. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-locking dilator for orthopedic surgery to solve the problems raised in the above background technique.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A self-locking dilator for orthopedic surgery, including a first rod and a second rod. The first rod and the second rod are hinged in an X shape. Grips are fixedly installed at the ends of the first rod and the second rod. A self-locking component is installed between the first rod and the second rod. The self-locking component includes a ratchet plate installed inside the first rod. The end of the ratchet plate away from the first rod slides inside the second rod. One side of the ratchet plate is meshed with a ratchet wheel. The ratchet wheel is rotatably installed inside the second rod. A ratchet tooth is installed on one side of the ratchet wheel. A first rotating shaft is rotatably installed on the inner wall of one end of the ratchet tooth. A torsion spring is installed on the outer wall of the first rotating shaft.

[0005] During operation, the operator inserts the thumb and index finger into the grips at the ends of the first rod and the second rod respectively, and then applies force to expand the front ends of the first rod and the second rod. At the same time, the ratchet plate slides inside the second rod. When the ratchet plate moves, it drives the ratchet wheel to rotate. When the ratchet wheel rotates, it drives the ratchet tooth to rotate. When the ratchet tooth rotates, it drives the first rotating shaft to rotate, and through the elastic potential energy of the torsion spring, the ratchet tooth always has a tendency to move towards the ratchet wheel to engage with it, thereby preventing the ratchet wheel from reversing and self-locking the expansion of the first rod and the second rod. This avoids the problem that the traditional mechanically fixed dilator requires manual adjustment, which is inconvenient and inefficient when the operator operates independently. Self-locking the expansion of the first rod and the second rod does not require repeated rotation of the thread for adjustment, which not only improves the operation convenience but also can improve the adjustment efficiency.

[0006] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a connecting shaft is embedded inside the ratchet wheel. A connecting plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting shaft, and a convex block is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting plate away from the connecting shaft; Connecting blocks are evenly installed on the outer wall of the connecting shaft in an annular array, and the connecting blocks are embedded in the inner wall of the ratchet wheel.

[0007] During operation, the staff first presses the convex block into the second rod body. The movement of the convex block drives the movement of the connecting plate, the movement of the connecting plate drives the movement of the connecting shaft, and the movement of the connecting shaft drives the movement of the connecting block, so that the connecting block slides out of the ratchet wheel. Then, the first rod body and the second rod body are expanded. An unlocking step is added during adjustment to ensure that the dilator can only be adjusted during active operation, avoiding accidental adjustment caused by instrument collision, operating table vibration or accidental touch by medical staff.

[0008] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the connecting block is slidably connected to the ratchet wheel.

[0009] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a limiting plate is fixedly installed at the top end of the connecting shaft. The limiting plate is slidably installed inside the second rod body, and a spring is arranged at the top end of the limiting plate.

[0010] During expansion, pressing the convex block drives the connecting shaft to move through the connecting plate. The movement of the connecting shaft drives the limiting plate to move upward. When the limiting plate moves upward, the spring deforms and stores elastic potential energy; After expansion, release the convex block, and the elastic potential energy is released by the spring to make the limiting plate move downward and reset. At the same time, the connecting block moves downward and is embedded in the ratchet wheel to limit it, preventing the dilator from shifting due to instrument collision or tissue traction during work, reducing the risk of misoperation and ensuring safety.

[0011] As a further technical solution of the present invention, there are two ratchet plates. One end of each of the two ratchet plates is fixedly connected to a rack plate, and a transmission gear is meshed and connected between the two rack plates. The transmission gear is rotatably installed inside the first rod body through a transmission component.

[0012] During adjustment, the transmission gear is driven to rotate through the transmission component. When the transmission gear rotates, it drives the rack plate to move. The movement of the rack plate drives the movement of the ratchet plate, so that the positions of the two ratchet plates are changed. Through the change of the two transmission ratios, the flexible adjustment requirements in different scenarios are realized.

[0013] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the transmission assembly includes a second rotating shaft fixedly installed inside the transmission gear. A worm gear is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the second rotating shaft. A worm is meshed and connected to one side of the worm gear. A first bevel gear is fixedly installed at one end of the worm. A second bevel gear is meshed and connected to the top of the first bevel gear. A third rotating shaft is fixedly installed at the top of the second bevel gear.

[0014] During adjustment, by rotating the third rotating shaft, the second bevel gear is driven to rotate. The rotation of the second bevel gear drives the rotation of the first bevel gear. The rotation of the first bevel gear drives the rotation of the worm. The rotation of the worm drives the rotation of the worm gear. The rotation of the worm gear drives the rotation of the second rotating shaft. The rotation of the second rotating shaft drives the rack plate to rotate, so as to adjust. Through the transmission mode of the worm and the worm gear, the adjustment has self-locking property, preventing accidental displacement after adjustment and ensuring the safety of the operation.

[0015] As a further technical solution of the present invention, limiting shafts are slidably installed on the inner walls of the two ratchet plates. The two limiting shafts are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the first rod.

[0016] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the two rack plates are symmetrically arranged.

[0017] As a further technical solution of the present invention, an adjustment plate is fixedly installed at the top of the third rotating shaft. Indicator plates are arranged on both sides of the adjustment plate. The two indicator plates are fixedly installed at the top of the first rod.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Through the setting of the self-locking assembly of the present invention, during operation, the staff respectively insert the thumb and index finger into the grip rings at the ends of the first rod and the second rod, and then apply force to expand the front ends of the first rod and the second rod. At the same time, the ratchet plate slides in the second rod. When the ratchet plate moves, it drives the ratchet wheel to rotate. When the ratchet wheel rotates, it drives the ratchet teeth to rotate. When the ratchet teeth rotate, it drives the first rotating shaft to rotate, and through the elastic potential energy of the torsion spring, the ratchet teeth always have a tendency to move towards the ratchet wheel side to engage with it, thereby preventing the ratchet wheel from reversing and self-locking the expansion of the first rod and the second rod. This avoids the problem that the traditional mechanically fixed expander needs manual adjustment, which is inconvenient and has low efficiency when the operator operates independently. Self-locking the expansion of the first rod and the second rod does not require repeated rotation of the thread for adjustment, which not only improves the operation convenience but also can improve the adjustment efficiency.

[0019] In the present invention, through the provision of a pressing bump, during operation, the staff first presses the bump into the second rod body. The movement of the bump drives the movement of the connecting plate, the movement of the connecting plate drives the movement of the connecting shaft, and the movement of the connecting shaft drives the movement of the connecting block, causing the connecting block to slide out of the ratchet. Then, the first rod body and the second rod body are expanded. An unlocking step is added during adjustment to ensure that the expander can only be adjusted during active operation, avoiding accidental adjustment caused by instrument collision, operating table vibration, or accidental touch by medical staff.

[0020] In the present invention, through the provision of a transmission assembly, during adjustment, the rotation of the third rotating shaft drives the rotation of the second bevel gear, the rotation of the second bevel gear drives the rotation of the first bevel gear, the rotation of the first bevel gear drives the rotation of the worm, the rotation of the worm drives the rotation of the worm gear, the rotation of the worm gear drives the rotation of the second rotating shaft, and the rotation of the second rotating shaft drives the rotation of the rack plate, thereby achieving adjustment. Through the transmission mode of the worm and the worm gear, the adjustment has self-locking property, preventing accidental displacement after adjustment and ensuring surgical safety. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 is of the present invention Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at A in; Figure 4 is of the present invention Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at B in; Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure at the second rod body of the present invention; Figure 6 is of the present invention Figure 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at C in; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure at the ratchet of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 1, the first rod body; 2, the second rod body; 3, the grip ring; 4, the ratchet plate; 5, the ratchet; 6, the ratchet teeth; 7, the first rotating shaft; 8, the torsion spring; 9, the connecting shaft; 10, the connecting plate; 11, the bump; 12, the limiting plate; 13, the spring; 14, the limiting shaft; 15, the rack plate; 16, the transmission gear; 17, the second rotating shaft; 18, the worm gear; 19, the worm; 20, the first bevel gear; 21, the second bevel gear; 22, the third rotating shaft; 23, the adjusting plate; 24, the indicating plate; 25, the connecting block. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0023] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] As Figures 1 to 7 shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, a self-locking orthopedic surgical dilator includes a first rod 1 and a second rod 2. The first rod 1 and the second rod 2 are hinged in an X shape. Gripping rings 3 are fixedly installed at the tails of the first rod 1 and the second rod 2. A self-locking assembly is installed between the first rod 1 and the second rod 2; The self-locking assembly includes a ratchet plate 4 installed inside the first rod 1. One end of the ratchet plate 4 away from the first rod 1 is slidably installed inside the second rod 2. A ratchet wheel 5 is meshed and connected to one side of the ratchet plate 4. The ratchet wheel 5 is rotatably installed inside the second rod 2. A ratchet tooth 6 is installed on one side of the ratchet wheel 5. A first rotating shaft 7 is rotatably installed on the inner wall of one end of the ratchet tooth 6. A torsion spring 8 is installed on the outer wall of the first rotating shaft 7.

[0025] Existing: CN112932570A discloses an orthopedic surgical dilator. In this patent, the first rod 1, the second rod 2, and the gripping ring 3 proposed in this application document are disclosed. These technical means will not be elaborated one by one here; Through the setting of the self-locking assembly, during operation, the staff inserts the thumb and index finger into the gripping rings 3 at the ends of the first rod 1 and the second rod 2 respectively, and then applies force to expand the front ends of the first rod 1 and the second rod 2. At the same time, the ratchet plate 4 slides inside the second rod 2. When the ratchet plate 4 moves, it drives the ratchet wheel 5 to rotate. When the ratchet wheel 5 rotates, it drives the ratchet tooth 6 to rotate. When the ratchet tooth 6 rotates, it drives the first rotating shaft 7 to rotate, and through the elastic potential energy of the torsion spring 8, the ratchet tooth 6 always has a tendency to move towards the ratchet wheel 5 to engage with it, thereby preventing the ratchet wheel 5 from reversing and self-locking the expansion of the first rod 1 and the second rod 2, avoiding the inconvenience and low efficiency when the traditional mechanically fixed dilator needs to be manually adjusted during the independent operation of the surgeon. Self-locking the expansion of the first rod 1 and the second rod 2 does not require repeated rotation of the thread for adjustment, which not only improves the operation convenience but also can improve the adjustment efficiency.

[0026] As Figures 1 to 7 shown, a connecting shaft 9 is embedded inside the ratchet wheel 5. The bottom end of the connecting shaft 9 is fixedly connected to a connecting plate 10. A convex block 11 is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting plate 10 away from the connecting shaft 9; Connecting blocks 25 are evenly installed in an annular array on the outer wall of the connecting shaft 9. The connecting blocks 25 are embedded in the inner wall of the ratchet wheel 5.

[0027] During operation, the staff first press the bump 11 into the rod body two 2. The movement of the bump 11 drives the movement of the connecting plate 10. The movement of the connecting plate 10 drives the movement of the connecting shaft 9. The movement of the connecting shaft 9 drives the movement of the connecting block 25, causing the connecting block 25 to slide out of the ratchet wheel 5. Then, the rod body one 1 and the rod body two 2 are expanded. An unlocking step is added during adjustment to ensure that the expander can only be adjusted during active operation, avoiding accidental adjustment caused by instrument collision, operating table vibration, or accidental touch by medical staff.

[0028] As Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, the connecting block 25 is slidably connected to the ratchet wheel 5.

[0029] As Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, a limiting plate 12 is fixedly installed at the top of the connecting shaft 9. The limiting plate 12 is slidably installed inside the rod body two 2, and a spring 13 is arranged at the top of the limiting plate 12.

[0030] During expansion, pressing the bump 11 drives the connecting shaft 9 to move through the connecting plate 10. The movement of the connecting shaft 9 drives the limiting plate 12 to move upward. When the limiting plate 12 moves upward, the spring 13 deforms to store elastic potential energy; After expansion, release the bump 11. The elastic potential energy is released by the spring 13 to make the limiting plate 12 move downward to reset. At the same time, the connecting block 25 moves downward and is embedded in the ratchet wheel 5 to limit it, preventing the expander from shifting due to instrument collision or tissue traction during work, reducing the risk of misoperation, and ensuring safety.

[0031] As Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, there are two ratchet plates 4. One end of each of the two ratchet plates 4 is fixedly connected to a rack plate 15. A transmission gear 16 is meshed and connected between the two rack plates 15. The transmission gear 16 is rotationally installed inside the rod body one 1 through a transmission component.

[0032] There are two ratchet plates 4 and two ratchet wheels 5. The tooth blocks of the two ratchet plates 4 and the ratchet wheels 5 are of different sizes, resulting in different transmission ratios; During adjustment, the transmission gear 16 is driven to rotate through the transmission component. When the transmission gear 16 rotates, it drives the rack plate 15 to move. The movement of the rack plate 15 drives the movement of the ratchet plate 4, causing the two ratchet plates 4 to change positions. By changing the two transmission ratios, the flexible adjustment requirements in different scenarios are achieved.

[0033] As Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown in the figure, the transmission assembly includes a second rotating shaft 17 fixedly installed inside the transmission gear 16. A worm wheel 18 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the second rotating shaft 17. A worm 19 is meshed and connected to one side of the worm wheel 18. A first bevel gear 20 is fixedly installed at one end of the worm 19. A second bevel gear 21 is meshed and connected to the top of the first bevel gear 20. A third rotating shaft 22 is fixedly installed at the top of the second bevel gear 21.

[0034] During adjustment, by rotating the third rotating shaft 22 to drive the rotation of the second bevel gear 21, the rotation of the second bevel gear 21 drives the rotation of the first bevel gear 20, the rotation of the first bevel gear 20 drives the rotation of the worm 19, the rotation of the worm 19 drives the rotation of the worm wheel 18, the rotation of the worm wheel 18 drives the rotation of the second rotating shaft 17, and the rotation of the second rotating shaft 17 drives the rotation of the rack plate 15, thereby adjusting. The device makes the adjustment have self-locking through the transmission mode of the worm 19 and the worm wheel 18, preventing accidental displacement after adjustment and ensuring the safety of the operation.

[0035] When the rod body one 1 and the rod body two 2 need to be retracted, rotate the third rotating shaft 22 to adjust the two ratchet plates 4 to the neutral position to reset.

[0036] As Figure 2 and Figure 4 shown, limiting shafts 14 are slidably installed on the inner walls of the two ratchet plates 4, and the two limiting shafts 14 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the rod body one 1.

[0037] During adjustment, the ratchet plate 4 slides in the rod body one 1, and the rack plate 15 limits the sliding trajectory thereof to ensure the stability during adjustment.

[0038] As Figure 2 and Figure 4 shown, the two rack plates 15 are symmetrically arranged.

[0039] Make the two ratchet plates 4 move relatively, one moves towards the side close to the ratchet wheel 5, and one moves towards the side away from the ratchet wheel 5.

[0040] As Figure 2 and Figure 4 shown, an adjustment plate 23 is fixedly installed at the top of the third rotating shaft 22. Indicator plates 24 are arranged on both sides of the adjustment plate 23, and the two indicator plates 24 are fixedly installed at the top of the rod body one 1.

[0041] One end of the adjustment plate 23 is a tip; During adjustment, it is convenient for the staff to watch the adjustment through the indicator plates 24 on both sides of the adjustment plate 23, improving the operation intuitiveness and safety.

[0042] Preferably, the indicator board 24 can display the gear status (e.g., color differentiation: green = large gear, red = small gear), adjustment direction (arrow indication), and current position (numerical scale).

[0043] Working principle and usage process: First, according to the requirements of different scenarios, select whether to rotate the adjustment plate 23. The rotation of the adjustment plate 23 drives the rotation of the third rotating shaft 22. The rotation of the third rotating shaft 22 drives the rotation of the second bevel gear 21. The rotation of the second bevel gear 21 drives the rotation of the first bevel gear 20. The rotation of the first bevel gear 20 drives the rotation of the worm 19. The rotation of the worm 19 drives the rotation of the worm wheel 18. The rotation of the worm wheel 18 drives the rotation of the second rotating shaft 17. The rotation of the second rotating shaft 17 drives the rotation of the rack plate 15. The movement of the rack plate 15 drives the movement of the ratchet plate 4, causing the two ratchet plates 4 to move relative to each other, one moving towards the side close to the ratchet wheel 5 and the other moving away from the ratchet wheel 5 to switch the transmission ratio; Then, insert the thumb and index finger into the grip rings 3 at the ends of the rod body one 1 and the rod body two 2 respectively, press the convex block 11 into the rod body two 2. The movement of the convex block 11 drives the movement of the connecting plate 10. The movement of the connecting plate 10 drives the movement of the connecting shaft 9. The movement of the connecting shaft 9 drives the movement of the connecting block 25, causing the connecting block 25 to slide out of the ratchet wheel 5. At the same time, the movement of the connecting shaft 9 drives the limiting plate 12 to move upward, and the spring 13 deforms to store elastic potential energy when the limiting plate 12 moves upward; Then, apply force to expand the front ends of the rod body one 1 and the rod body two 2. At the same time, the ratchet plate 4 slides within the rod body two 2. The movement of the ratchet plate 4 drives the rotation of the ratchet wheel 5 when it moves. The rotation of the ratchet wheel 5 drives the rotation of the ratchet teeth 6. The rotation of the ratchet teeth 6 drives the rotation of the first rotating shaft 7, and through the elastic potential energy of the torsion spring 8, the ratchet teeth 6 always have a tendency to move towards the ratchet wheel 5 to engage with it, thereby preventing the ratchet wheel 5 from reversing and locking the expansion of the rod body one 1 and the rod body two 2; After expansion, release the convex block 11, and release the elastic potential energy through the spring 13 to make the limiting plate 12 move downward to reset. At the same time, the connecting block 25 moves downward and is embedded in the ratchet wheel 5 to limit it, reducing the risk of misoperation and ensuring safety.

[0044] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-locking dilator for orthopedic surgery, comprising a first rod body (1) and a second rod body (2), characterized in that: The first rod body (1) and the second rod body (2) are hinged in an X shape. Gripping rings (3) are fixedly installed at the tails of the first rod body (1) and the second rod body (2). A self-locking component is installed between the first rod body (1) and the second rod body (2). The self-locking component includes a ratchet plate (4) installed inside the first rod body (1). One end of the ratchet plate (4) away from the first rod body (1) is slidably installed inside the second rod body (2). A ratchet wheel (5) is meshed and connected to one side of the ratchet plate (4). The ratchet wheel (5) is rotatably installed inside the second rod body (2). A ratchet tooth (6) is installed on one side of the ratchet wheel (5). A first rotating shaft (7) is rotatably installed on the inner wall of one end of the ratchet tooth (6). A torsion spring (8) is installed on the outer wall of the first rotating shaft (7).

2. The self-locking orthopedic surgical dilator according to claim 1, wherein: A connecting shaft (9) is embedded inside the ratchet wheel (5). The bottom end of the connecting shaft (9) is fixedly connected to a connecting plate (10). A convex block (11) is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting plate (10) away from the connecting shaft (9). Connecting blocks (25) are evenly installed on the outer wall of the connecting shaft (9) in an annular array. The connecting blocks (25) are embedded in the inner wall of the ratchet wheel (5).

3. The self-locking orthopedic surgical dilator according to claim 2, wherein: The connecting blocks (25) are slidably connected to the ratchet wheel (5).

4. A self-locking orthopedic surgical dilator according to claim 2, characterized in that: A limiting plate (12) is fixedly installed at the top end of the connecting shaft (9). The limiting plate (12) is slidably installed inside the second rod body (2). A spring (13) is arranged at the top end of the limiting plate (12).

5. The self-locking orthopedic surgical dilator according to claim 1, wherein: There are two ratchet plates (4). Rack plates (15) are fixedly connected to one ends of the two ratchet plates (4). A transmission gear (16) is meshed and connected between the two rack plates (15). The transmission gear (16) is rotatably installed inside the first rod body (1) through a transmission component.

6. The self-locking orthopedic surgical dilator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transmission component includes a second rotating shaft (17) fixedly installed inside the transmission gear (16). A worm gear (18) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the second rotating shaft (17). A worm (19) is meshed and connected to one side of the worm gear (18). A first bevel gear (20) is fixedly installed at one end of the worm (19). A second bevel gear (21) is meshed and connected to the top end of the first bevel gear (20). A third rotating shaft (22) is fixedly installed at the top end of the second bevel gear (21).

7. A self-locking dilator for orthopedic surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: Limiting shafts (14) are slidably installed on the inner walls of the two ratchet plates (4). The two limiting shafts (14) are both fixedly installed on the inner wall of the first rod body (1).

8. A self-locking orthopedic surgical dilator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The two rack plates (15) are symmetrically arranged.

9. The self-locking orthopedic surgical dilator according to claim 6, wherein: An adjusting plate (23) is fixedly installed at the top end of the third rotating shaft (22). Indicator plates (24) are arranged on both sides of the adjusting plate (23). The two indicator plates (24) are both fixedly installed at the top end of the first rod body (1).

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