Flotation process based on grading regrinding and efficient flotation column concentration

Abstract

The invention discloses a flotation process based on grading regrinding and efficient flotation column concentration, and belongs to the technical field of tailings fluorite recovery. Comprising the following steps: pretreating raw materials, crushing and grinding tailings to form initial ore pulp; roughing flotation is conducted on fluorite, specifically, roughing flotation is conducted on the initial ore pulp in the roughing flotation box, and fluorite rough concentrate and tailings with the grade being 50%-60% are obtained; grading treatment is conducted, specifically, the rough concentrate is graded into coarse particles with the particle size larger than 0.038 mm and micro-fine particles with the particle size smaller than 0.038 mm through a hydrocyclone or screening equipment; coarse fraction regrinding is conducted, specifically, coarse fraction fluorite is reground till the particle size is smaller than 0.038 mm; scavenging and middling returning: scavenging the tailings, and returning the middling to a rough separation section for circular treatment, so as to solve the problems that the process control difficulty is high, the recovery rate index is poor, the coarse-fraction fluorite is lost due to insufficient dissociation when the non-dissociated fluorite in the tailings is floated again, and the flotation efficiency is high. And the micro-fine particle fluorite is difficult to effectively recover due to poor flotation dynamic performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tailings fluorite recovery, and specifically relates to a flotation process based on classification regrinding and high-efficiency flotation column beneficiation. Background Art

[0002] Fluorite (CaF2) is an important strategic non-metallic resource. However, it often coexists with polymetallic minerals, has a fine dissemination size, and complex surface properties of minerals, resulting in problems of low recovery rate and insufficient concentrate grade in traditional flotation processes.

[0003] In the prior art, the flotation of complex associated fluorite mostly adopts a multi-stage and multi-level flotation process. In the flotation process, fluorite with fine-grained monomer dissociation is first selected to produce a high-grade fluorite concentrate with a grade of 90%. Fluorite with more associated bodies undissociated in the tailings is then flotated again to obtain a low-grade fluorite concentrate with a grade of 75%. The process reagents are complex, the process control is difficult, the recovery rate index is poor, and coarse-grained fluorite is lost due to insufficient dissociation, while fine-grained fluorite is difficult to effectively recover due to poor flotation kinetics performance.

[0004] In addition, the conventional flotation machine has a low capture efficiency for fine-grained particles in the beneficiation section, resulting in difficulty in improving the concentrate grade.

[0005] Currently, the following problems generally exist in the beneficiation processes for fluorite associated with polymetallic tailings:

[0006] Insufficient recovery of coarse-grained particles: Coarse-grained fluorite is easily lost in flotation because it does not reach the optimal flotation particle size.

[0007] Low separation efficiency of fine-grained particles: Although the floatability of fine-grained fluorite is good, it is difficult for traditional flotation machines to achieve efficient enrichment.

[0008] Low comprehensive recovery rate: The existing processes have insufficient ability to synergistically recover fluorite of multiple particle sizes, and the total recovery rates of high-grade and low-grade concentrate products are usually lower than 60%.

[0009] Complex process flow: Two high- and low-grade products are produced, the process flow is long, the reagent system is complex, and the process control is difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, a flotation process based on classification regrinding and high-efficiency flotation column beneficiation is proposed. Through practice and summary, the inventor has obtained the technical solution of the present invention, and the present invention discloses

[0011] The object of the present invention is to solve the problems of low recovery rate of complex associated fluorite and insufficient concentrate grade in the prior art, and to propose a new flotation process based on classification regrinding and high-efficiency flotation column beneficiation. After classifying the rough concentrate, the coarse-grained fraction is reground to the optimal flotation particle size, and the high-efficiency flotation column is used to strengthen the separation of the fine-grained fraction, and finally a technical goal of a fluorite concentrate product with a recovery rate ≥ 75% and a concentrate grade ≥ 90% is achieved.

[0012] A flotation process based on classification regrinding and high-efficiency flotation column beneficiation, comprising:

[0013] Step a, raw material pretreatment: crushing and grinding the complex associated polymetallic tailings to particles smaller than 0.074 mm, accounting for 60% - 80%, to form an initial pulp;

[0014] Step b, rough flotation of fluorite: using oleic acid and water glass to conduct rough flotation on the initial pulp in the rough flotation tank to obtain a fluorite rough concentrate with a grade of 50% - 60% and tailings;

[0015] Step c, classification treatment: classifying the rough concentrate into a coarse-grained fraction larger than 0.038 mm and a fine-grained fraction smaller than 0.038 mm through a hydrocyclone or screening equipment;

[0016] Step d, regrinding of the coarse-grained fraction: regrinding the coarse-grained fluorite until the particles are smaller than 0.038 mm to make it reach the same optimal flotation particle size as the fine-grained fraction;

[0017] Step e, combined flotation and high-efficiency flotation column beneficiation:

[0018] Combining the regrinded coarse-grained fraction and the fine-grained fluorite for synchronous flotation;

[0019] In the beneficiation section, a high-efficiency flotation column is used, and its fine bubble characteristics are utilized to strengthen the capture of fine-grained fluorite, and at the same time, the concentrate grade is improved through multi-stage countercurrent flushing;

[0020] Step f, scavenging and middlings return: scavenging the tailings, and returning the middlings to the roughing section for cyclic treatment to finally obtain a high-grade fluorite concentrate.

[0021] In a further technical solution, the high-efficiency flotation column is a packed flotation column or a cyclone-static microbubble flotation column, and the operating parameters include: column height 3 - 5 m, microbubble diameter 0.1 - 0.5 mm, and flushing water flow rate 1 - 2 m 3 / h.

[0022] In a further technical solution, the concentration of oleic acid as the roughing flotation reagent is 400 - 800 g / t; the concentration of water glass is 1500 - 2500 g / t.

[0023] In a further technical solution, in step a, the raw material pretreatment includes a first jaw crusher box and a vibrating screening box. The first jaw crusher box is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet up and down. The bottom of the discharge outlet is equipped with an inclined conveyor belt to the vibrating screening box. A filter screen is arranged inside the vibrating screening box, and a qualified material outlet is arranged at the bottom, and an unqualified material outlet is arranged on the side; an unqualified material outlet is installed at the bottom of the second jaw crusher box, and a vertical separation conveyor belt is installed at the bottom of the second jaw crusher box, and one end of the curve conveyor away from the second jaw crusher box is led to the feed inlet of the first jaw crusher box.

[0024] In a further technical solution, in step a, it further includes a wet ball mill and a stirring kettle;

[0025] Pour it into the wet ball mill for stirring with water. The grinding size requirement is that the particle diameter is less than 0.074 mm. Pump it into the stirring kettle and add water to ensure that the particle proportion is 60% - 80% to form an initial slurry.

[0026] In a further technical solution, in step b, it includes a roughing flotation cell, and the roughing flotation cell is connected to the outlet of the wet ball mill;

[0027] The roughing flotation cell includes a main box body. A driving motor is installed on the top of the main box body, and the output end of the driving motor faces upward; a vertical stirring shaft is installed beside the driving motor. A top wheel is installed at the top of the vertical stirring shaft. A driving wheel is installed at the output end of the driving motor, and the driving wheel and the top wheel are connected by a transmission belt;

[0028] A plurality of flotation cavities are arranged in the roughing flotation cell, and a flow dividing plate is installed at the interval, and a flow through hole is arranged in the flow dividing plate;

[0029] The vertical stirring shaft corresponds to the flotation cavity one by one; a stirring member is installed at the bottom of the vertical stirring shaft.

[0030] In a further technical solution, the stirring member includes a central bottom body, and stirring blades are hingedly installed on the central bottom body;

[0031] A moving part is further installed on the vertical stirring shaft. A hinge interface is arranged on the moving part, and the hinge interface and the stirring blade are connected by a hinge rod;

[0032] A receiving cavity is arranged inside the central bottom body, and a spray port is arranged outside the receiving cavity.

[0033] In a further technical solution, a threaded part is arranged on the vertical stirring shaft, and limiting rings are fixedly installed above and below the threaded part;

[0034] The moving part includes a conical outer shell and a threaded inner cylinder. An internal thread is opened inside the threaded inner cylinder, and the internal thread is threadedly connected to the threaded part;

[0035] The conical outer shell is provided with a hinge interface and is hinged to the stirring blade by installing a hinge rod, and the stirring blade is hinged to the hinge rod; a connecting bearing is installed between the threaded inner cylinder and the conical outer shell;

[0036] An upper support plate is arranged on the roughing flotation box, and a position bearing is installed between the vertical stirring shaft and the upper support plate.

[0037] In a further technical solution, a transverse stirring shaft is installed in the roughing flotation box, the transverse stirring shaft extends outside the roughing flotation box and is equipped with a rotating motor;

[0038] A rotating rod is installed on the horizontal stirring shaft, and a salvage shovel is installed on the rotating rod. The salvage shovel is bucket-shaped, and a closing part is arranged at one end of the salvage shovel. A clean water pipe is connected to the outside of the closing part, and the clean water pipe extends to the horizontal stirring shaft;

[0039] A water passage cavity is provided in the transverse stirring shaft, and a water inlet is provided at one end of the water passage cavity away from the rotating motor; and material receiving boxes are installed on both sides of the roughing flotation box.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects:

[0041] The grading regrinding-synchronous flotation collaborative process adopted by the present invention: the coarse particle size is regrinded after the coarse concentrate is classified to ensure that all fluorites reach the optimal flotation particle size and eliminate the influence of particle size difference on sorting; high-efficiency flotation column selection and strengthening: flotation columns are used to replace traditional flotation machines in the selection stage, and the advantages of high selectivity and high enrichment ratio are utilized to deeply enrich fine fluorite, and the concentrate grade is improved by 10% to 15%; multi-particle grade collaborative recovery: the coarse particle size is regrinded and then combined with the fine particle size for flotation, and the microbubble capture effect of the flotation column is combined to achieve efficient recovery of fluorite of all particle sizes, and the comprehensive recovery rate is improved by more than 20%.

[0042] The present invention breaks through the limitation of traditional flotation machines on the recovery of fine particles, and realizes the efficient enrichment of fine fluorite through flotation columns; eliminates the loss of coarse particles through graded regrinding, and significantly improves the resource utilization rate; the process flow is simple, the circulation of medium ore is small, the water consumption is saved by more than 25%, and the energy consumption and reagent costs are reduced; the final fluorite concentrate recovery rate is ≥75% and the grade is ≥90%, which solves the technical bottleneck of low recovery rate of fluorite associated with polymetallic tailings.

[0043] The present invention controls the forward and reverse rotation of the driving motor to drive multiple vertical stirring shafts to rotate, thereby realizing that the threaded inner cylinder rotates and moves up and down on the threaded portion, thereby realizing that the articulated rod drives the stirring blades to bend up and down, and realizing the synchronous effect of the rotation and bending of the stirring blades during rotation, thereby enhancing the probability of collision between the collector and the ore pulp and enhancing the flotation effect of the roughing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0045] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the flotation process of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the grinding to rough selection of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 It is a top view schematic structural diagram of the grinding equipment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 It is a front sectional view of the rough selection flotation tank of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 It is a top view schematic diagram of the rough selection flotation tank of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 It is Figure 4 An enlarged view of part A of

[0051] Figure 7 It is a side sectional view schematic diagram of the rough selection flotation tank of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the rotating rod installed on the horizontal stirring shaft of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the salvage shovel of the present invention.

[0054] In the figure: 1. Jaw crusher box one; 2. Vibration screening box; 3. Jaw crusher box two; 4. Inclined conveyor belt; 5. Vertical separation conveyor belt; 6. Wet ball mill; 7. Stirring kettle;

[0055] 8. Rough selection flotation tank; 81. Main box body; 82. Driving motor; 83. Vertical stirring shaft; 84. Top wheel; 85. Driving wheel; 86. Diverting plate; 87. Stirring member; 871. Central bottom body; 872. Stirring blade; 88. Moving part; 89. Limiting ring; 810. Hinge rod; 811. Connecting bearing; 881. Conical outer shell; 882. Threaded inner cylinder; 812. Upper support plate; 813. Position bearing; 814. Horizontal stirring shaft; 815. Rotating motor;

[0056] 816. Rotating rod; 817. Salvage shovel; 818. Clear water pipe; 819. Water passing pipe cavity; 820. Water inlet; 821. Material receiving box; Detailed implementation manners

[0057] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0058] The application principle of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0059] Embodiment 1

[0060] As Figure 1 shown, it is an implementation scheme of the present invention, a flotation process based on staged regrinding and high-efficiency flotation column cleaning, including:

[0061] Step a, raw material pretreatment: crushing and grinding the complex associated polymetallic tailings to particles smaller than 0.074 mm, with a proportion of 60% - 80%, to form an initial pulp;

[0062] Step b, rough flotation of fluorite: using oleic acid and water glass to conduct rough flotation on the initial pulp in the rough flotation tank 8 to obtain fluorite rough concentrate with a grade of 50% - 60% and tailings;

[0063] Step c, classification treatment: classifying the rough concentrate into a coarse particle size fraction greater than 0.038 mm and a fine particle size fraction smaller than 0.038 mm through a hydrocyclone or screening equipment;

[0064] Step d, regrinding of the coarse particle size fraction: regrinding the coarse particle size fraction of fluorite until the particles are smaller than 0.038 mm to make it reach the best flotation particle size same as that of the fine particle size fraction;

[0065] Step e, combined flotation and high-efficiency flotation column cleaning:

[0066] Combining the regrinded coarse particle size fraction and the fine particle size fraction of fluorite for synchronous flotation;

[0067] In the cleaning section, a high-efficiency flotation column is used, and its fine bubble characteristics are utilized to strengthen the capture of fine particle size fluorite, and at the same time, the concentrate grade is improved through multi-stage countercurrent flushing;

[0068] Step f, scavenging and middlings return: scavenging the tailings, and returning the middlings to the rough flotation section for cyclic treatment to finally obtain high-grade fluorite concentrate.

[0069] The high-efficiency flotation column is a packed flotation column or a cyclone-static microbubble flotation column, and the operating parameters include: column height 3 - 5 m, microbubble diameter 0.1 - 0.5 mm, flushing water flow rate 1 - 2 m 3 / h. The concentration of oleic acid as the rough flotation reagent is 400 - 800 g / t; the concentration of water glass is 1500 - 2500 g / t.

[0070] The present invention solves the problems of low recovery rate of fluorite and insufficient concentrate grade in the prior art through the processes of rough and fine concentrate classification and regrinding, combined flotation, and high-efficiency flotation column cleaning. The coarse particle size is reground to -0.038 mm and then combined with the fine particle size for flotation. In the cleaning section, a flotation column is used to strengthen the separation of fine particles, and finally, fluorite concentrate with a recovery rate ≥ 75% and a grade ≥ 90% is obtained. The process of the present invention is simple and efficient, and is suitable for the industrial recovery of fluorite associated with polymetallic tailings.

[0071] The present invention adopts a classification regrinding - synchronous flotation collaborative process. After the rough and fine concentrates are classified, the coarse particle size is reground to ensure that all fluorite reaches the optimal flotation particle size (-0.038 mm), eliminating the influence of particle size differences on separation; then, through the strengthening of high-efficiency flotation column cleaning, in the cleaning section, a flotation column is used to replace the traditional flotation machine, and taking advantage of its high selectivity and high enrichment ratio, the fine-grained fluorite (-0.038 mm) is deeply enriched, and the concentrate grade is increased by 10% - 15%; this process takes into account the collaborative recovery of multiple particle sizes, realizes the combined flotation of the coarse particle size after regrinding and the fine particle size, and combines the microbubble collection effect of the flotation column to achieve the efficient recovery of all particle sizes of fluorite, and the comprehensive recovery rate is increased by more than 20%.

[0072] Advantages of the present invention: Break through the limitations of the traditional flotation machine in the recovery of fine particle sizes, and realize the efficient enrichment of fine-grained fluorite through a flotation column; eliminate the loss of coarse particle sizes through classification regrinding, significantly improve the resource utilization rate; the process flow is simple, the middling recycle amount is small, the water consumption is saved by more than 25%, and the energy consumption and reagent cost are reduced; finally, the recovery rate of fluorite concentrate is ≥ 75% and the grade is ≥ 90%, solving the technical bottleneck of low recovery rate of fluorite associated with polymetallic tailings.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] The following raw materials are used: A certain polymetallic tungsten, molybdenum, and bismuth tailings contain 18% fluorite and 7% calcium carbonate, and the fluorite dissemination size is uneven (0.01 - 0.15 mm);

[0075] Rougher flotation: The pulp concentration is 30%, the dosage of oleic acid is 600 g / t, the dosage of water glass is 2000 g / t, the fluorite grade of the rough concentrate is 42%, and the recovery rate is 65%;

[0076] Classification treatment: Hydrocyclone classification is adopted, and the proportion of the coarse particle size (+0.038 mm) is 35%;

[0077] Regrinding of the coarse particle size: The ball mill is used to regrind until 90% reaches -0.038 mm;

[0078] Combined flotation and flotation column cleaning:

[0079] The combined pulp is subjected to flotation, and the dosage of the collector is reduced to 400 g / t;

[0080] The selected section uses a packed flotation column (column height 4m, packing rate 30%), the pressure of the microbubble generator is 0.3MPa, and the flushing water flow rate is 1.5m 3 / h;

[0081] Results: The grade of fluorite concentrate is 90.5%, the recovery rate is 76.3%, and the calcium carbonate impurity content is <5%.

[0082] Example 3

[0083] The following raw materials are used: a certain copper tailings contain 22% fluorite and 0.6% copper, and the fluorite particle size is mainly fine (-0.038mm accounts for 70%);

[0084] Rougher flotation: The grade of fluorite in the rougher concentrate is 48%, and the recovery rate is 70%;

[0085] Classification treatment: After screening and classification, the proportion of the coarse particle size fraction is 20%;

[0086] Regrinding of the coarse particle size fraction: Reground in a vertical mill to -0.038mm accounting for 95%;

[0087] Scavenging in the flotation column: Use a hydrocyclone-static microbubble flotation column, the microbubble diameter is 0.1 - 0.3mm, and the recovery rate in the scavenging section is increased to 82%;

[0088] Results: The grade of fluorite concentrate is 91.2%, the recovery rate is 78.5%, and the copper content is <0.3%.

[0089] Example 4

[0090] As Figures 2 - 6 shown, this is another implementation of the present invention. In step a, the raw material pretreatment includes a jaw crusher box 1 and a vibrating screening box 2. The jaw crusher box 1 is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet up and down. The bottom of the discharge outlet is equipped with an inclined conveyor belt 4 to the vibrating screening box 2. The vibrating screening box 2 is internally provided with a filter screen, and a qualified material outlet is provided at the bottom, and an unqualified material outlet is provided on the side; an unqualified material outlet is installed at the bottom of the jaw crusher box 2, and a vertical separation conveyor belt 5 is installed at the bottom of the jaw crusher box 2, and one end of the curve conveyor away from the jaw crusher box 2 is to the feed inlet of the jaw crusher box 1.

[0091] In step a, it also includes a wet ball mill 6 and a stirring kettle 7; pour it into the wet ball mill 6 and add water for stirring. The grinding size requirement is that the particle diameter is less than 0.074mm, and pump it into the stirring kettle 7 and add water to ensure that the particle proportion is 60% - 80% to form an initial slurry.

[0092] In step b, it includes a roughing flotation tank 8, and the roughing flotation tank 8 is connected to the outlet of the wet ball mill 6; the roughing flotation tank 8 includes a main tank body 81, a driving motor 82 is installed on the top of the main tank body 81, and the output end of the driving motor 82 faces upward; a vertical stirring shaft 83 is installed beside the driving motor 82, a top wheel 84 is installed at the top of the vertical stirring shaft 83, a driving wheel 85 is installed at the output end of the driving motor 82, and the driving wheel 85 and the top wheel 84 are connected by a transmission belt; multiple flotation cavities are arranged in the roughing flotation tank 8, as Figure 4 shown, and a flow dividing plate 86 is installed at the interval, and a flow through hole is arranged in the flow dividing plate 86; the vertical stirring shaft 83 corresponds to the flotation cavity one by one; a stirring member 87 is installed at the bottom of the vertical stirring shaft 83.

[0093] Among them, as combined with Figure 6 shown, the stirring member 87 includes a central bottom body 871, and a stirring blade 872 is hingedly installed on the central bottom body 871; a moving part 88 is also installed on the vertical stirring shaft 83, a hinge interface is arranged on the moving part 88, and the hinge interface and the stirring blade 872 are connected by a hinge rod 810; a receiving cavity is arranged in the central bottom body 871, a spray port 873 is arranged outside the receiving cavity, and the spray port can be a conventional spray head.

[0094] A threaded part is arranged on the vertical stirring shaft 83, and a limiting ring 89 is fixedly installed above and below the threaded part; the moving part 88 includes a conical outer shell 881 and a threaded inner cylinder 882, an internal thread is opened inside the threaded inner cylinder 882, and the internal thread is threadedly connected to the threaded part; a hinge interface is arranged on the conical outer shell 881 and is hinged to the stirring blade 872 through the installation of a hinge rod 810, and the stirring blade 872 is hinged to the hinge rod 810; a connecting bearing 811 is installed between the threaded inner cylinder 882 and the conical outer shell 881; by controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the driving motor, the rotation of multiple vertical stirring shafts is driven, so that the threaded inner cylinder rotates up and down on the threaded part, so that the hinge rod drives the stirring blade to bend up and down, realizing the synchronous effect of the rotation and bending of the stirring blade during rotation, thereby increasing the probability of collision between the collector and the pulp and enhancing the flotation effect of roughing.

[0095] An upper support plate 812 is arranged on the roughing flotation tank 8, and a position bearing 813 is installed between the vertical stirring shaft 83 and the upper support plate 812. A cavity is opened in the vertical stirring shaft 83 and communicated to the receiving cavity, so as to realize rough and secondary flotation by adding a collector externally.

[0096] Example 5

[0097] As Figures 7 - 9As shown, this is another implementation of the present invention. Based on Example 4, a horizontal stirring shaft 814 is installed in the roughing flotation tank 8. The horizontal stirring shaft 814 extends outside the roughing flotation tank 8 and is equipped with a rotating motor 815.

[0098] A rotating rod 816 is installed on the horizontal stirring shaft 814. A salvage shovel 817 is installed on the rotating rod 816. The salvage shovel 817 is in the shape of a bucket, and one end of the salvage shovel 817 is provided with a necking part. A clear water pipe 818 is connected outside the necking part, and the clear water pipe 818 extends to the horizontal stirring shaft 814.

[0099] A water pipe cavity 819 is opened in the horizontal stirring shaft 814, and a water inlet 820 is provided at one end of the water pipe cavity 819 away from the rotating motor 815. Receiving boxes 821 are installed on both sides of the roughing flotation tank 8.

[0100] In this embodiment, by introducing the clear water pipe, the particulate matter that has completed the supplementary collection is flushed out of the roughing flotation tank to the receiving box through the clear water.

[0101] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present invention.

[0102] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to embodiments, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative way of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A flotation process based on staged regrinding and high-efficiency flotation column cleaning, characterized in that, Including: Step a, raw material pretreatment: Crushing and grinding the complex associated polymetallic tailings to particles smaller than 0.074 mm, with a proportion of 60% - 80%, to form an initial pulp. Step b, rough flotation of fluorite: Using oleic acid and water glass to conduct rough flotation on the initial pulp in the rough flotation tank (8) to obtain fluorite rough concentrate with a grade of 50% - 60% and tailings. Step c, classification treatment: Classifying the rough concentrate into a coarse particle size fraction larger than 0.038 mm and a fine particle size fraction smaller than 0.038 mm through a hydrocyclone or screening equipment. Step d, regrinding of the coarse particle size fraction: Regrinding the fluorite with a coarse particle size until the particles are smaller than 0.038 mm to reach the optimal flotation particle size same as that of the fine particle size fraction. Step e, combined flotation and high-efficiency flotation column cleaning: Combining the regrinded coarse particle size fraction and the fine particle size fraction of fluorite for synchronous flotation. In the cleaning section, a high-efficiency flotation column is used. Utilizing its fine bubble characteristics to strengthen the capture of fine particle fluorite, and at the same time improving the concentrate grade through multi-stage countercurrent flushing. Step f, scavenging and middlings return: Conducting scavenging on the tailings, and returning the middlings to the rough flotation section for cyclic treatment to finally obtain high-grade fluorite concentrate.

2. The new flotation process based on classified regrinding and high-efficiency flotation column cleaning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-efficiency flotation column is a packed flotation column or a cyclone-static microbubble flotation column, and the operating parameters include: column height of 3 to 5 m, microbubble diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, and flushing water flow rate of 1 to 2 m 3 / h.

3. A new flotation process based on staged regrinding and high-efficiency flotation column cleaning as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of oleic acid in the rough flotation reagent is 400 - 800 g / t; the concentration of water glass is 1500 - 2500 g / t.

4. A new flotation process based on staged regrinding and high-efficiency flotation column cleaning as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, In step a, the raw material pretreatment includes a first jaw crusher box (1) and a vibrating screening box (2). The first jaw crusher box (1) is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet up and down. At the bottom of the discharge outlet, an inclined conveyor belt (4) is installed to the vibrating screening box (2). Inside the vibrating screening box (2), a filter screen is provided, and a qualified material outlet is provided at the bottom, and an unqualified material outlet is provided laterally. At the bottom of the unqualified material outlet, a second jaw crusher box (3) is installed, and a vertical separation conveyor belt (5) is installed at the bottom of the second jaw crusher box (3). One end of the curve conveyor belt far away from the second jaw crusher box (3) is led to the feed inlet of the first jaw crusher box (1).

5. A flotation process based on staged regrinding and high-efficiency rougher flotation columns as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that In step a, a wet ball mill (6) and a stirring kettle (7) are also included; Pour it into the wet ball mill (6) for adding water and stirring. The grinding size requirement is that the particle diameter is smaller than 0.074 mm, and then pump it into the stirring kettle (7) and add water to ensure that the particle proportion is 60% - 80% to form an initial pulp.

6. A flotation process based on staged regrinding and high-efficiency flotation column cleaning as claimed in claim 4, wherein, In step b, it includes a rough flotation tank (8), and the rough flotation tank (8) is connected to the outlet of the wet ball mill (6); The rough flotation tank (8) includes a main box body (81). At the top of the main box body (81), a driving motor (82) is installed, and the output end of the driving motor (82) faces upward. A vertical stirring shaft (83) is installed beside the driving motor (82). At the top of the vertical stirring shaft (83), a top wheel (84) is installed. The output end of the driving motor (82) is installed with a driving wheel (85), and the driving wheel (85) and the top wheel (84) are connected by a transmission belt. Multiple flotation cavities are arranged in the rough flotation tank (8), and a flow dividing plate (86) is installed at the interval, and a flow through hole is arranged in the flow dividing plate (86); The vertical stirring shaft (83) corresponds to the flotation cavities one by one; a stirring member (87) is installed at the bottom of the vertical stirring shaft (83).

7. A flotation process based on staged regrinding and high-efficiency rougher flotation columns as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, The stirring member (87) includes a central bottom body (871), and stirring blades (872) are hingedly mounted on the central bottom body (871); A moving part (88) is further mounted on the vertical stirring shaft (83). A hinge interface is provided on the moving part (88), and the hinge interface is connected to the stirring blade (872) through a hinge rod (810); A receiving cavity is provided inside the central bottom body (871), and a spray port (873) is provided outside the receiving cavity.

8. A flotation process based on staged regrinding and high-efficiency rougher cleaning using a flotation column, characterized in that, A threaded part is provided on the vertical stirring shaft (83), and limiting rings (89) are fixedly mounted above and below the threaded part; The moving part (88) includes a conical outer shell (881) and a threaded inner cylinder (882). An internal thread is provided inside the threaded inner cylinder (882), and the internal thread is threadedly connected to the threaded part; The conical outer shell (881) is provided with a hinge interface and is hinged to the stirring blade (872) through a mounting hinge rod (810), and the stirring blade (872) is hinged to the hinge rod (810); A connecting bearing (811) is mounted between the threaded inner cylinder (882) and the conical outer shell (881); An upper support plate (812) is provided on the roughing flotation tank (8), and a position bearing (813) is mounted between the vertical stirring shaft (83) and the upper support plate (812).

9. A flotation process based on staged regrinding and high-efficiency flotation column cleaning as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, A horizontal stirring shaft (814) is mounted on the roughing flotation tank (8). The horizontal stirring shaft (814) extends outside the roughing flotation tank (8) and a rotating motor (815) is mounted; A rotating rod (816) is mounted on the horizontal stirring shaft (814). A fishing shovel (817) is mounted on the rotating rod (816), and a closing part is provided at one end of the fishing shovel (817). A clear water pipe (818) is connected outside the closing part, and the clear water pipe (818) extends to the horizontal stirring shaft (814); A water pipe cavity (819) is provided inside the horizontal stirring shaft (814), and a water inlet (820) is provided at one end of the water pipe cavity (819) away from the rotating motor (815); Receiving boxes (821) are mounted on both sides of the roughing flotation tank (8).

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