Efficient biotransformation system for livestock and poultry manure

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient biological conversion system for livestock and poultry manure, and particularly relates to the technical field of livestock and poultry manure treatment and resource utilization, the efficient biological conversion system comprises an anaerobic fermentation module and a hermetia illucens breeding module, a spiral stirring paddle for stirring excrement materials is arranged inside the stainless steel fermentation tank, and a jacket type heating device for accurately controlling the fermentation temperature is arranged outside the stainless steel fermentation tank. Through cooperation of multiple modules, efficient bioconversion of livestock and poultry manure is achieved, pretreatment optimization of the manure granularity is beneficial to anaerobic fermentation, gas production efficiency improvement, automatic temperature control and gas monitoring accurate regulation and control of the technology, stable operation of the system is guaranteed, anaerobic fermentation and hermetia illucens breeding are integrated, resource circulation is constructed, waste is changed into biogas, and worm sand organic fertilizer is constructed; environmental protection and economic values are achieved, pollution is reduced, and benefits are created.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of livestock and poultry manure treatment and resource utilization. More specifically, the present invention relates to an efficient biological conversion system for livestock and poultry manure. Background Art

[0002] Nowadays, with the rapid large-scale development of the livestock and poultry breeding industry, the livestock and poultry inventory is continuously increasing, and the amount of manure produced is huge. An adult pig produces about 3 - 5 kilograms of manure per day. If not properly treated, it will cause serious environmental problems.

[0003] Livestock and poultry manure is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. Direct discharge into water bodies can cause eutrophication, deteriorate water quality, and threaten the water ecosystem and the drinking water safety of residents. The heavy metals and antibiotic residues it contains will damage the physical and chemical properties of the soil, reduce soil fertility, and affect human health through the food chain. Moreover, the malodorous gases such as ammonia generated by manure decomposition not only pollute the air but also spread pathogens, endangering the health of residents.

[0004] There are many problems with previous livestock and poultry manure treatment technologies. For example, the substrate cultivation technology has high pretreatment requirements and a narrow application range. The anaerobic treatment technology is sensitive to temperature and pH value, and the resource utilization rate is low. The bedding fermentation bed breeding technology requires regular replacement of bedding, resulting in high costs. The aerobic composting technology is prone to irregular treatment and secondary pollution due to the lack of funds in small-scale farms.

[0005] The resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure also faces difficulties. The organic fertilizer market is chaotic and the standards are imperfect. Farmers prefer chemical fertilizers due to the slow fertilizer efficiency and inconvenient use of organic fertilizers, which hinders the popularization of manure resource utilization. Technically, there is a lack of efficient crushing and screening technologies for pretreatment, and there is a lack of integrated technologies for black soldier fly breeding and anaerobic fermentation, and each link is disjointed.

[0006] In summary, the existing livestock and poultry manure treatment and resource utilization technologies have problems such as low treatment efficiency, high pollution risk, insufficient resource utilization rate, difficult promotion, and lack of core technologies.

[0007] In view of the above situation, the present invention provides an efficient biological conversion system for livestock and poultry manure. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides an efficient biological conversion system for livestock and poultry manure to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An efficient biological conversion system for livestock and poultry manure, including an anaerobic fermentation module and a black soldier fly breeding module. The anaerobic fermentation module includes a stainless-steel fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation of manure. A spiral stirring paddle for stirring manure materials is arranged inside the stainless-steel fermentation tank, and a jacketed heating device for precisely controlling the fermentation temperature is arranged outside the stainless-steel fermentation tank.

[0010] The black soldier fly breeding module includes multiple layers of stainless steel mesh beds. An inclined channel for guiding the movement of larvae is provided at the bottom of the stainless steel mesh bed, and a sensor group for monitoring the growth environment is provided above the stainless steel mesh bed;

[0011] The anaerobic fermentation module and the black soldier fly breeding module are detachably connected modularly through flanges, and the system is equipped with an automatic temperature control and gas monitoring module.

[0012] Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation module further includes a hydrogen sulfide adsorption tower and a pressure sedimentation device, wherein;

[0013] The hydrogen sulfide adsorption tower is arranged at the gas outlet of the stainless steel fermentation tank and is used for adsorbing hydrogen sulfide gas generated during the fermentation process. The interior of the hydrogen sulfide adsorption tower is filled with FeCl3 modified activated carbon filler;

[0014] The pressure sedimentation device is arranged at the bottom of the stainless steel fermentation tank and is used for separating biogas residue and biogas slurry. The outlet of the pressure sedimentation device is connected to a membrane pressure composting device for improving the maturity of the biogas residue.

[0015] Preferably, the spiral stirring paddle is connected to a speed reducer at the top of the stainless steel fermentation tank through a driving motor, and the rotation speed can be adjusted within the range of 5 - 15 rpm;

[0016] The jacketed heating device includes a double-layer jacket surrounding the outer wall of the stainless steel fermentation tank and a heating medium circulation pipeline communicated with the double-layer jacket. An electromagnetic valve for controlling the temperature is arranged on the circulation pipeline, and the temperature control accuracy is ±0.5°C.

[0017] Preferably, the black soldier fly breeding module further includes a vibrating screening device and an automatic harvesting system, wherein;

[0018] The vibrating screening device is arranged below the outlet of the inclined channel and is used for separating larvae and residues. The screen hole size of the vibrating screening device is 2 mm;

[0019] The automatic harvesting system includes a light-shielding driving mechanism and a vibrating motor arranged at the bottom of the stainless steel mesh bed. The light-shielding driving mechanism is used for adjusting the light intensity to below 500 lux during the pre-pupa stage.

[0020] Preferably, the stainless steel mesh bed is woven from 304 stainless steel wires, and the diameter of the steel wire is 1 mm. The surface is treated by anodic oxidation to form a corrosion-resistant layer. The height of each layer of the stainless steel mesh bed is 20 cm. A spiral feeding machine for uniform feeding is arranged between adjacent layers of the stainless steel mesh beds. The spiral feeding machine is connected to the membrane pressure composting device and is used for transporting the biogas residue to the stainless steel mesh bed for further insect degradation.

[0021] Preferably, the automatic temperature control and gas monitoring module includes a sensor network and a PID controller, where;

[0022] The sensor network includes a pH sensor, an ORP sensor, and a CH4 sensor disposed in the stainless-steel fermentation tank for monitoring the acidity, redox potential, and methane concentration of the fermentation broth, as well as a humidity sensor, a light intensity sensor, and a CO2 sensor disposed above the stainless-steel mesh bed for monitoring the humidity, light, and carbon dioxide concentration of the black soldier fly growth environment;

[0023] The PID controller is electrically connected to the spiral agitator, the jacketed heating device, and the ventilation system for dynamically adjusting process parameters according to the sensor data.

[0024] Preferably, the PID controller is configured with a methane concentration threshold determination program. When the detected value of the CH4 sensor < 3%, the rotation speed of the spiral agitator is automatically increased to 15 rpm;

[0025] The PID controller is also configured with a larval growth image recognition module. The larval growth image recognition module collects larval images through a camera with a resolution of 1280×720 for predicting the prepupal stage and triggering the automatic harvesting system.

[0026] Preferably, the system further includes a pretreatment module. The pretreatment module is disposed at the feed end of the anaerobic fermentation module for crushing and screening feces;

[0027] The pretreatment module includes a crusher and a screen. The discharge port of the crusher is connected to the feed port of the screen, and the screen aperture size of the screen is 5 mm.

[0028] Preferably, a spiral conveyor is disposed between the pretreatment module and the anaerobic fermentation module. The spiral conveyor includes a stainless-steel conveying pipe and spiral blades disposed in the stainless-steel conveying pipe. The diameter of the stainless-steel conveying pipe is DN100, and the inner wall is provided with wear-resistant linings for continuously conveying the pretreated feces to the stainless-steel fermentation tank.

[0029] Preferably, the inner wall of the stainless-steel fermentation tank to which the anaerobic fermentation module belongs is sprayed with a PTFE coating with a thickness of 0.2 mm for enhancing corrosion resistance;

[0030] Chitinase with an activity ≥ 500 U / g is added to the feed biogas residue of the black soldier fly breeding module for promoting the digestion of chitin by larvae.

[0031] The technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0032] 1. The pretreatment module of the present invention processes feces through a crusher and a sieve, crushing and screening them into appropriate particle sizes, which can significantly increase the contact area between feces and microorganisms, create good conditions for anaerobic fermentation, effectively improve the fermentation efficiency, make the anaerobic fermentation process more sufficient, and thus increase the production of products such as biogas;

[0033] 2. The automatic temperature control and gas monitoring module uses a sensor network to continuously monitor a variety of key parameters during the fermentation and breeding processes, and uses a PID controller to dynamically adjust process parameters such as the rotation speed of the spiral agitator. This can ensure that the system operates in a stable state, respond in a timely manner to various parameter changes, avoid system fluctuations caused by environmental or material factors, and guarantee the stability and reliability of the entire biological conversion process;

[0034] 3. The present invention integrates the anaerobic fermentation of livestock and poultry manure and the degradation of black soldier fly breeding in one system, achieving the recycling of resources. The waste residues such as biogas residues generated by anaerobic fermentation can be used as part of the raw materials for black soldier fly breeding, and the black soldier fly further degrades the biogas residues of anaerobic fermentation. The worm castings generated during the black soldier fly breeding process can be returned to the farmland as high-quality organic fertilizers, forming a closed resource recycling chain. This not only reduces waste emissions but also improves resource utilization efficiency, with good environmental and economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is the overall system diagram of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 It is the schematic internal structure diagram of the stainless steel fermentation tank of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 It is the schematic internal structure diagram of the stainless steel mesh bed of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 It is the schematic internal structure diagram of the stainless steel conveying pipeline of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 It is the schematic internal structure diagram of the hydrogen sulfide adsorption tower of the present invention.

[0040] The reference numerals are: 1, stainless steel fermentation tank; 2, spiral stirring paddle; 3, stainless steel mesh bed; 4, inclined channel; 5, hydrogen sulfide adsorption tower; 6, pressure sedimentation device; 7, membrane press composting equipment; 8, drive motor; 9, reducer; 10, double-layer jacket; 11, circulation pipeline; 12, solenoid valve; 13, vibrating screening device; 14, light-shielding drive mechanism; 15, vibrating motor; 16, screw feeder; 17, pH sensor; 18, ORP sensor; 19, CH4 sensor; 20, humidity sensor; 21, light intensity sensor; 22, CO2 sensor; 23, image recognition module; 24, crusher; 25, screening machine; 26, stainless steel conveying pipeline; 27, spiral blade; 28, wear-resistant lining; 29, PTFE coating; 30, activated carbon filler; 31, PID controller. Detailed implementation manners

[0041] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] As shown in the appended Figures 1-5 The high-efficiency biological conversion system for livestock and poultry manure shown in the figure includes an anaerobic fermentation module and a black soldier fly breeding module. The anaerobic fermentation module includes a stainless steel fermentation tank 1 for anaerobic fermentation of manure. A spiral stirring paddle 2 for stirring manure materials is arranged inside the stainless steel fermentation tank 1, and a jacketed heating device for precisely controlling the fermentation temperature is arranged outside the stainless steel fermentation tank 1;

[0043] The black soldier fly breeding module includes multiple layers of stainless steel mesh beds 3. An inclined channel 4 for guiding the movement of larvae is arranged at the bottom of the stainless steel mesh bed 3, and a sensor group for monitoring the growth environment is arranged above the stainless steel mesh bed 3;

[0044] The anaerobic fermentation module and the black soldier fly breeding module are detachably connected in a modular manner through a flange, which is used to transport the biogas residue after anaerobic fermentation to the black soldier fly breeding module, and the black soldier fly is used to degrade the biogas residue. The system is equipped with an automatic temperature control and gas monitoring module.

[0045] Specifically, in this structure, first, livestock and poultry manure is put into the stainless steel fermentation tank 1. The spiral stirring paddle 2 stirs the manure materials to make them evenly mixed, which is beneficial to the progress of the fermentation process. The jacketed heating device precisely controls the fermentation temperature, provides a suitable growth and metabolism environment for anaerobic fermentation microorganisms, and promotes the fermentation of manure under anaerobic conditions to produce energy substances such as biogas and nutrient-rich fermentation products;

[0046] The multi-layer stainless steel mesh bed 3 provides a growth space for black soldier flies. The sensor group monitors various parameters of the growth environment of black soldier flies in real time, such as temperature, humidity, and light, so as to adjust the environmental conditions in a timely manner to meet the growth needs of black soldier flies. The inclined channel 4 at the bottom of the stainless steel mesh bed 3 facilitates the natural movement of black soldier fly larvae during the growth process. For example, during the prepupal stage, the larvae can transfer to a specific area through the inclined channel 4;

[0047] The anaerobic fermentation module and the black soldier fly breeding module are connected in a modular detachable manner through flanges, which is convenient for transporting the nutrient-rich fermentation products generated by anaerobic fermentation to the black soldier fly breeding module as a food source for black soldier flies, and further degrading the fermented biogas residues by black soldier flies to achieve the recycling of resources;

[0048] At the same time, the system is equipped with an automatic temperature control and gas monitoring module. On the one hand, it ensures that the temperature of the entire system is within a suitable range. On the other hand, it monitors the gas composition and concentration in the system to ensure the safe operation of the system. For example, it can detect and handle problems such as biogas leakage in a timely manner, and also provides data support for optimizing the fermentation and breeding processes.

[0049] The structure of the present application will be specifically described below:

[0050] In this embodiment, as shown in the attached Figure 1 、 5 figures, the anaerobic fermentation module further includes a hydrogen sulfide adsorption tower 5 and a pressure sedimentation device 6. Among them, the hydrogen sulfide adsorption tower 5 is arranged at the gas outlet of the stainless steel fermentation tank 1 and is used to adsorb hydrogen sulfide gas generated during the fermentation process. The hydrogen sulfide adsorption tower 5 is filled with FeCl3-modified activated carbon filler 30 inside; the pressure sedimentation device 6 is arranged at the bottom of the stainless steel fermentation tank 1 and is used to separate biogas residues and biogas slurry. The outlet of the pressure sedimentation device 6 is connected to a membrane pressure composting device 7 for improving the maturity of biogas residues.

[0051] Specifically, in this structure, it is arranged at the gas outlet of the stainless steel fermentation tank 1, and FeCl3-modified activated carbon filler 30 is used to adsorb hydrogen sulfide gas generated during the fermentation process. Activated carbon itself has a large specific surface area and adsorption performance. After being modified by FeCl3, its adsorption capacity and reaction activity for hydrogen sulfide can be further improved. When the gas generated by fermentation passes through the hydrogen sulfide adsorption tower 5, hydrogen sulfide molecules undergo physical or chemical reactions with the active sites on the surface of the filler and are adsorbed on the filler, thereby effectively removing hydrogen sulfide and preventing it from being discharged into the atmosphere and causing environmental pollution;

[0052] Located at the bottom of the stainless - steel fermentation tank 1, it separates biogas residue and biogas slurry by using the action of gravity and pressure. During the fermentation process, the heavier biogas residue will gradually precipitate to the bottom of the fermentation tank. The pressure sedimentation device 6 separates the biogas residue and biogas slurry through a certain pressure difference or mechanical action. The separated biogas residue is transported to the membrane - pressed composting equipment 7 through the outlet. In the membrane - pressed composting equipment 7, by controlling the temperature, humidity, and oxygen conditions, the degree of composting of the biogas residue is further improved, making it a better - quality organic fertilizer or soil conditioner. The separated biogas slurry can be further processed or utilized as needed, such as for irrigation, etc.

[0053] In this embodiment, as shown in the attached Figure 1 、 2 figure, the spiral stirring paddle 2 is connected to the speed reducer 9 at the top of the stainless - steel fermentation tank 1 through the driving motor 8, and the rotation speed can be adjusted within the range of 5 - 15 rpm; the jacket - type heating device includes a double - layer jacket 10 surrounding the outer wall of the stainless - steel fermentation tank 1 and a heating medium circulation pipeline 11 communicating with the double - layer jacket 10. An electromagnetic valve 12 for controlling the temperature is provided on the circulation pipeline 11, and the temperature control accuracy is ±0.5°C.

[0054] Specifically, in this structure, the driving motor 8 provides power for the spiral stirring paddle 2. When the driving motor 8 operates, it is connected to the speed reducer 9 at the top of the stainless - steel fermentation tank 1, converting the high - speed rotation of the motor into the low - speed rotation of the spiral stirring paddle 2, and the rotation speed can be adjusted within the range of 5 - 15 rpm. Such a rotation speed can not only enable the spiral stirring paddle 2 to fully stir the fecal material in the stainless - steel fermentation tank 1, ensure uniform mixing of the material, allow the fermentation microorganisms to fully contact the feces, and accelerate the fermentation process, but also will not cause adverse effects on the living environment of the fermentation microorganisms or lead to excessive wear of the equipment due to too high a rotation speed;

[0055] The double - layer jacket 10 surrounding the outer wall of the stainless - steel fermentation tank 1 forms a heating space. The heating medium flows in the circulation pipeline 11. When it is necessary to heat the material in the fermentation tank, the heating medium, such as hot water, hot oil, etc., enters the double - layer jacket 10 under the action of the circulation pump, and transfers heat to the stainless - steel fermentation tank 1 through the inner wall of the jacket, thereby heating the fecal material in the tank. The electromagnetic valve 12 provided on the circulation pipeline 11 is used to precisely control the flow rate of the heating medium, thereby achieving precise control of the fermentation temperature. The temperature control accuracy can reach ±0.5°C. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the fermentation tank is lower than the set value, the electromagnetic valve 12 opens, increasing the flow rate of the heating medium to raise the temperature. On the contrary, when the temperature is higher than the set value, the electromagnetic valve 12 closes slightly, reducing the flow rate of the heating medium to lower the temperature, so as to maintain the fermentation process within an appropriate temperature range.

[0056] In this embodiment, as shown in the attached Figure 1 、 3As shown, the black soldier fly breeding module further includes a vibrating screening device 13 and an automatic harvesting system. Among them, the vibrating screening device 13 is arranged below the outlet of the inclined channel 4 and is used to separate larvae and residues. The screen hole size of the vibrating screening device 13 is 2 mm. The automatic harvesting system includes a light-shielding driving mechanism 14 and a vibrating motor 15 arranged at the bottom of the stainless steel mesh bed 3. The light-shielding driving mechanism 14 is used to adjust the light intensity to below 500 lux during the prepupal stage.

[0057] Specifically, in this structure, located below the outlet of the inclined channel 4, the vibrating motor 15 is used to make the screen surface generate high-frequency vibration. After the black soldier fly larvae and residues fall from the inclined channel 4, under the vibration action, due to the different sizes, shapes and physical properties of the larvae and residues, the residues smaller than the 2 mm screen hole size will fall through the screen holes, while the black soldier fly larvae will be retained on the screen surface, thus realizing the separation of larvae and residues. It can effectively separate the larvae from the residues generated during the breeding process, facilitate the subsequent treatment of the larvae, and at the same time avoid the impact of the residues on the growth environment of the larvae.

[0058] In the automatic harvesting system, during the prepupal stage of the black soldier fly, the light-shielding driving mechanism 14 plays a role. It may change the light intensity irradiating on the stainless steel mesh bed 3 by controlling the movement or adjustment of light-shielding equipment such as light-shielding plates or light-shielding cloths, and adjust the light intensity to below 500 lux. Since the black soldier fly has specific requirements for light during the prepupal stage, a suitable weak light environment helps it smoothly enter the prepupal stage and complete relevant physiological changes.

[0059] At the same time, the vibrating motor 15 in the automatic harvesting system generates vibration, so that the black soldier fly larvae on the stainless steel mesh bed 3 are affected by external forces. Under the action of vibration, the larvae are more likely to fall from the mesh bed or move to the designated collection position, thus realizing the purpose of automatic harvesting. The intensity and frequency of vibration can be adjusted according to the actual situation to ensure that the larvae can fall effectively without causing harm to the larvae.

[0060] In this embodiment, as shown in the appendix Figure 1 、 3 The stainless steel mesh bed 3 is woven from 304 stainless steel wires, and the diameter of the steel wires is 1 mm. The surface is treated by anodic oxidation to form a corrosion-resistant layer. The height of the stainless steel mesh bed 3 is 20 cm. A spiral feeding machine 16 for uniform feeding is arranged between adjacent two layers of the stainless steel mesh bed 3. The spiral feeding machine 16 is connected to the membrane pressing and composting equipment 7 and is used to transport the biogas residue to the stainless steel mesh bed 3 for further insect degradation.

[0061] Specifically, in this structure, the stainless-steel mesh bed 3 is woven from 304 stainless-steel wires. 304 stainless steel has good corrosion resistance and strength, which can ensure that the mesh bed is not easily corroded and damaged during long-term use. The wire diameter is 1 mm, which can provide appropriate mesh size while ensuring the structural strength of the mesh bed, facilitating air circulation and the activities of black soldier fly larvae. The surface is treated by anodic oxidation to form a corrosion-resistant layer, further enhancing the corrosion resistance of the mesh bed, enabling it to better adapt to the humid, acidic and other corrosive conditions that may exist in the black soldier fly breeding environment, and extending the service life of the mesh bed;

[0062] The height of the stainless-steel mesh bed 3 is set to 20 cm, which can provide sufficient growth space for black soldier flies, avoiding affecting the activities, growth and development of black soldier flies due to overly narrow space. At the same time, the appropriate height also facilitates the daily management and operation of breeders, such as observing the growth of black soldier flies, feeding, etc.;

[0063] The spiral feeder 16 installed between adjacent two layers of the stainless-steel mesh bed 3 is used for uniform feeding. Its working principle is that through the rotation of the spiral blade 27, the material is conveyed from the feed port to the discharge port and evenly spread on the lower-layer mesh bed, ensuring that the food for black soldier flies is evenly distributed on the mesh bed, enabling each layer of black soldier flies to obtain sufficient and uniform food supply, which is conducive to the neat growth of black soldier flies, improving the breeding efficiency and quality. At the same time, it also helps to maintain the hygiene and cleanliness of the breeding environment, avoiding the deterioration of the local environment caused by food accumulation.

[0064] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 、 2 、Figure 3, the automatic temperature control and gas monitoring module includes a sensor network and a PID controller 31. Among them, the sensor network includes a PH sensor 17, an ORP sensor 18 and a CH4 sensor 19 installed in the stainless-steel fermentation tank 1, which are used to monitor the pH value, redox potential and methane concentration of the fermentation broth, and a humidity sensor 20, a light intensity sensor 21 and a CO2 sensor 22 installed above the stainless-steel mesh bed 3, which are used to monitor the humidity, light and carbon dioxide concentration of the black soldier fly growth environment; the PID controller 31 is electrically connected to the spiral agitator 2, the jacketed heating device and the ventilation system, and is used to dynamically adjust the process parameters according to the sensor data.

[0065] Specifically, in this structure, the pH sensor 17 in the stainless-steel fermenter 1 is used to monitor the acidity and alkalinity of the fermentation broth in the stainless-steel fermenter 1 in real time. Different fermentation stages have specific requirements for the pH value. A suitable pH environment helps maintain the activity of fermentation microorganisms and ensures the smooth progress of the anaerobic fermentation process. The ORP sensor 18 monitors the oxidation-reduction potential of the fermentation broth. This parameter reflects the oxidation-reduction state of the fermentation system and can help judge whether the fermentation process and the growth environment of microorganisms are suitable. The CH4 sensor 19 monitors the methane concentration generated during the fermentation process. Methane is one of the important products of anaerobic fermentation, and its concentration change can reflect the efficiency and progress of fermentation;

[0066] The humidity sensor 20 is used to monitor the humidity of the black soldier fly growth environment above the stainless-steel mesh bed 3. Appropriate humidity is crucial for the growth, development, and reproduction of black soldier flies. Excessive or too low humidity may affect their survival and growth rate. The light intensity sensor 21 monitors the light intensity in real time. Black soldier flies have different light requirements at different growth stages. Accurately controlling the light intensity is beneficial to the normal growth and development of black soldier flies. The CO2 sensor 22 monitors the carbon dioxide concentration. Excessive or too low carbon dioxide concentration will affect the growth environment of black soldier flies. By monitoring, ventilation and other measures can be adjusted in time to maintain a suitable growth environment;

[0067] The PID controller 31, as a feedback control device, is electrically connected to the screw agitator 2, the jacket heating device, and the ventilation system. The PID controller 31 compares the actual measured value with the preset ideal value according to the data transmitted by the sensor network, calculates the deviation value, and then adjusts the control signal through a specific algorithm, such as proportional-integral-derivative, to dynamically adjust process parameters such as the rotation speed of the screw agitator 2, the temperature of the jacket heating device, and the ventilation volume of the ventilation system. For example, when the pH sensor 17 detects that the pH value of the fermentation broth deviates from the set value, the PID controller 31 will adjust the rotation speed of the screw agitator 2 to make the fermentation broth mix more evenly to adjust the pH value; when the CH4 sensor 19 detects an abnormal methane concentration, the fermentation environment may be improved by adjusting the ventilation system; when the humidity sensor 20 detects that the humidity of the black soldier fly growth environment is too high or too low, the PID controller 31 will control the ventilation system to make corresponding adjustments to maintain the humidity within a suitable range, thereby achieving precise control of the efficient biological conversion system of livestock manure and ensuring that both the anaerobic fermentation and the black soldier fly breeding processes can be carried out under the best environmental conditions, improving the conversion efficiency and stability of the system.

[0068] In this embodiment, as shown in the appendix Figure 1 、 3As shown, the PID controller 31 is configured with a methane concentration threshold determination program. When the detection value of the CH4 sensor 19 is < 3%, the rotation speed of the spiral agitator 2 is automatically increased to 15 rpm. The PID controller 31 is also configured with a larval growth image recognition module 23. The larval growth image recognition module 23 collects larval images through a camera with a resolution of 1280×720, which is used to predict the prepupal stage and trigger the automatic harvesting system.

[0069] Specifically, in this structure, during the anaerobic fermentation process, the methane concentration is an important indicator reflecting the fermentation state. When the methane concentration detected by the CH4 sensor 19 is lower than 3%, it may indicate that there are some problems in the fermentation process, such as insufficient fermentation, insufficient microbial activity, etc. At this time, the methane concentration threshold determination program configured in the PID controller 31 will come into play and automatically increase the rotation speed of the spiral agitator 2 to 15 rpm. By accelerating the stirring speed, the fermentation materials can be mixed more evenly, increasing the contact area between microorganisms and substrates, promoting the fermentation reaction, thereby increasing the methane production and bringing the fermentation process back to a normal state.

[0070] In the larval growth image recognition module 23, images of black soldier fly larvae are collected through a camera with a resolution of 1280×720. The high-resolution images can clearly capture the morphological, size, color and other characteristic information of the larvae, providing an accurate data basis for subsequent analysis and recognition. The larval growth image recognition module 23 uses image processing and machine learning algorithms to analyze the collected images. It will extract the key features of the larvae, such as body length, body width, color change, body texture, etc., and compare them with the characteristic models of different growth stages of the predefined larvae. Based on the comparison, the system can judge the current growth stage of the larvae and predict the arrival of the prepupal stage. When the image recognition module 23 predicts that the larvae are about to enter the prepupal stage, it will send a trigger signal to the automatic harvesting system. After receiving the signal, the automatic harvesting system will activate the corresponding mechanisms, such as the light avoidance drive mechanism 14 to adjust the light intensity to below 500 lux, and at the same time the vibration motor 15 starts to work, so that the black soldier fly larvae fall from the stainless steel mesh bed 3 or move to the designated collection position, realizing automatic harvesting, which can ensure harvesting at the most suitable stage of the black soldier fly, improving the harvesting efficiency and product quality.

[0071] In this embodiment, as shown in the appendix Figure 1 The system further includes a pretreatment module. The pretreatment module is arranged at the feeding end of the anaerobic fermentation module and is used for crushing and screening feces. The pretreatment module includes a crusher 24 and a screening machine 25. The discharge port of the crusher 24 is connected to the feeding port of the screening machine 25, and the screen hole size of the screening machine 25 is 5 mm.

[0072] Specifically, in this structure, the crusher 24 is arranged at the front end of the pretreatment module, and its function is to crush the livestock and poultry manure entering the system. The livestock and poultry manure is usually in block or large mass, which is not conducive to the subsequent anaerobic fermentation process. The crusher 24 applies mechanical force to the manure through an internal crushing device, such as a rotating knife or a grinding component, to crush it into smaller particles, which can increase the surface area of ​​the manure, so that it can better contact with microorganisms in the subsequent fermentation process, thereby improving the fermentation efficiency;

[0073] The screening machine 25 is connected to the discharge port of the crusher 24 and is used to screen the crushed feces. Its working principle is to use a screen with 5mm mesh to separate the crushed feces particles according to size. Particles with mesh sizes smaller than 5mm can pass through the screen and become materials that meet the requirements of subsequent anaerobic fermentation to enter the next process, while particles larger than 5mm are intercepted on the screen and cannot pass through. These larger particles may need to be further crushed or processed to ensure that the feces particles entering the anaerobic fermentation module are uniform in size and meet the process requirements, thereby enabling the livestock and poultry manure to achieve a suitable particle size distribution, providing good feeding conditions for the anaerobic fermentation module, and helping to improve the operating efficiency and stability of the entire bioconversion system.

[0074] In this embodiment, as shown in the attached Figure 1 , 4 As shown, a screw conveying device is arranged between the pretreatment module and the anaerobic fermentation module. The screw conveying device includes a stainless steel conveying pipe 26 and a spiral blade 27 arranged in the stainless steel conveying pipe 26. The diameter of the stainless steel conveying pipe 26 is DN100, and a wear-resistant lining plate 28 is arranged on the inner wall, which is used to continuously convey the pretreated feces to the stainless steel fermentation tank 1.

[0075] Specifically, in this structure, the screw conveyor is usually powered by a motor. The motor is connected to the rotating shaft of the screw blade 27 through a coupling. After the motor starts, the rotational motion of the motor is transmitted to the rotating shaft of the screw blade 27 through the transmission device, causing the screw blade 27 to start rotating. The screw blade 27 is a key component of the screw conveyor. It is spirally wound around the rotating shaft. When the screw blade 27 rotates, its surface comes into contact with the fecal particles. Due to the inclination angle and rotational motion of the screw blade 27, a thrust along the axial direction of the pipeline is generated on the feces, causing the fecal particles to overcome the frictional force and their own gravity under the push of the screw blade 27 and move along the stainless steel conveying pipeline 26 towards the outlet direction, thereby achieving the purpose of continuous conveying. The stainless steel conveying pipeline 26, as the outer shell of the screw conveyor, plays a role of support and protection. It not only provides a closed space for the screw blade 27 and the feces to prevent fecal leakage, but also bears the force generated during the rotation of the screw blade 27 and the pressure of the feces. The pipe diameter DN100 is determined according to the conveying volume requirement of the system to ensure that it can meet the conveying requirements of the pre-treated feces. At the same time, the wear-resistant lining plate 28 provided on the inner wall of the pipeline can reduce the wear of the screw blade 27 and the feces on the inner wall of the pipeline, extend the service life of the pipeline, and improve the reliability and stability of the entire conveying device.

[0076] In this embodiment, as shown in the attached Figure 1 , 2 The inner wall of the stainless steel fermentation tank 1 belonging to the anaerobic fermentation module is sprayed with a PTFE coating 29 with a thickness of 0.2 mm to enhance corrosion resistance; chitinase with an activity of ≥500 U / g is added to the feed biogas residue in the black soldier fly breeding module to promote the digestion of chitin by the larvae.

[0077] Specifically, in this structure, spraying a PTFE coating 29 with a thickness of 0.2 mm on the inner wall of the stainless steel fermentation tank 1 can form a dense protective film on the metal surface. During the fermentation process, various organic acids, alcohols, and other corrosive substances may be generated in the tank. The PTFE coating 29 can isolate these corrosive substances from the stainless steel tank body, prevent them from directly contacting the stainless steel surface, thereby preventing the stainless steel from being corroded, extending the service life of the fermentation tank, and ensuring that the anaerobic fermentation process can proceed stably and safely;

[0078] The food of black soldier fly larvae usually contains a large amount of chitin. Chitin is a complex polysaccharide that is difficult for the larvae to directly digest and absorb. Adding chitinase with an activity of ≥500U / g to the feed can specifically act on chitin. Chitinase hydrolyzes the glycosidic bonds in the chitin molecules and decomposes chitin into small molecules that can be absorbed by the larvae, such as N-acetylglucosamine, which can greatly improve the digestion and utilization rate of chitin by the black soldier fly larvae, provide more nutrients for the growth and development of the larvae, promote the growth and development of the larvae, and improve the breeding efficiency and quality of black soldier flies.

[0079] Working principle of the present invention:

[0080] The present application provides an efficient bioconversion system for livestock and poultry manure. When used specifically, first, the livestock and poultry manure enters the pretreatment module, and the crusher 24 in the module crushes the manure, and mechanically converts the block or ball-shaped manure into smaller particles to increase its surface area. Then, the screening machine 25 screens the crushed manure, and the screen hole size is 5mm. Particles smaller than 5mm may enter the next process as materials that meet the requirements, and particles larger than 5mm may need further processing, so as to ensure that the manure entering the subsequent links has a uniform particle size;

[0081] The pretreated feces are transported by a screw conveyor. The motor of the screw conveyor drives the spiral blade 27 to rotate. The spiral blade 27 pushes the feces to move axially in a stainless steel conveying pipe 26 with a pipe diameter of DN100. The wear-resistant lining plate 28 on the inner wall of the pipe can reduce wear and ensure that the feces are continuously and stably transported to the stainless steel fermentation tank 1.

[0082] The feces enter the stainless steel fermentation tank 1 for anaerobic fermentation. The inner wall of the fermentation tank is sprayed with a 0.2 mm thick PTFE coating 29 to prevent the organic acid and other corrosive substances generated in the tank from corroding the stainless steel tank body. In the anaerobic environment, microorganisms decompose the organic matter in the feces to produce products such as biogas.

[0083] During the anaerobic fermentation and black soldier fly breeding process, the automatic temperature control and gas monitoring module plays a role, and the sensor network monitors various parameters in real time. For example, the pH sensor 17, ORP sensor 18 and CH4 sensor 19 in the fermentation tank monitor the pH, redox potential and methane concentration of the fermentation liquid respectively. The humidity sensor 20, light intensity sensor 21 and CO2 sensor 22 in the black soldier fly growth environment monitor humidity, light and carbon dioxide concentration. The PID controller 31 dynamically adjusts the process parameters according to the sensor data. For example, when the detection value of the CH4 sensor 19 is less than 3%, the speed of the propeller 2 is automatically increased to 15rpm to promote fermentation. In addition, the larval growth image recognition module 23 collects larval images through the camera, predicts the pre-pupa stage and triggers the automatic harvesting system.

[0084] During the breeding process of black soldier flies, chitinase with an activity of ≥500 U / g is added to the feed to help the larvae digest chitin and promote their growth and development. When the larvae grow to the prepupal stage, the automatic harvesting system is triggered by the larval growth image recognition module 23. For example, the light-shielding driving mechanism 14 adjusts the light intensity to below 500 lux, and the vibration motor 15 operates to make the larvae fall from the stainless steel mesh bed 3 or move to the designated collection position to complete automatic harvesting.

[0085] Generally speaking, the operation logic of the present invention is as follows: First, animal feces are broken by the crusher 24 and screened by the screening machine 25, and then conveyed to the inside of the stainless steel fermentation tank 1 through the screw conveyor for anaerobic fermentation. The hydrogen sulfide gas generated by the feces fermentation is discharged after being adsorbed and treated by the hydrogen sulfide adsorption tower 5. The separated biogas residue is composted by the membrane pressure composting equipment 7 and then conveyed to the stainless steel mesh bed through the screw feeder 16, so as to realize further insect degradation of the composted biogas residue by black soldier flies and provide nutrients for the breeding of black soldier flies.

[0086] It should be noted that the content not described in detail in the specification belongs to the prior art well-known to those skilled in the art, and the model parameters of each electrical appliance are not specifically limited. Conventional equipment can be used. In this technical solution, since the electrical control components not mentioned belong to the prior art, they are not shown in the figure and will not be described here either.

[0087] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient biological conversion system for livestock and poultry manure, comprising an anaerobic fermentation module and a black soldier fly breeding module, characterized in that: The anaerobic fermentation module includes a stainless - steel fermentation tank (1) for anaerobic fermentation of feces. Inside the stainless - steel fermentation tank (1), there is a spiral agitator (2) for stirring the fecal material, and outside the stainless - steel fermentation tank (1), there is a jacket - type heating device for precisely controlling the fermentation temperature; The black soldier fly breeding module includes multiple layers of stainless - steel mesh beds (3). At the bottom of the stainless - steel mesh bed (3), there is an inclined channel (4) for guiding the movement of larvae, and above the stainless - steel mesh bed (3), there is a sensor group for monitoring the growth environment; The anaerobic fermentation module and the black soldier fly breeding module are modularly detachably connected by flanges, and the system is equipped with an automatic temperature control and gas monitoring module.

2. The high-efficiency biological conversion system for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anaerobic fermentation module also includes a hydrogen sulfide adsorption tower (5) and a pressure sedimentation device (6), where; The hydrogen sulfide adsorption tower (5) is arranged at the air outlet of the stainless - steel fermentation tank (1) and is used to adsorb hydrogen sulfide gas generated during the fermentation process. Inside the hydrogen sulfide adsorption tower (5), FeCl3 - modified activated carbon filler (30) is filled; The pressure sedimentation device (6) is arranged at the bottom of the stainless - steel fermentation tank (1) and is used to separate biogas residue and biogas slurry. The outlet of the pressure sedimentation device (6) is connected to a membrane - pressed composting device (7) for improving the maturity of biogas residue.

3. The high-efficiency biological conversion system for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, wherein: The spiral agitator (2) is connected to a speed reducer (9) at the top of the stainless - steel fermentation tank (1) through a driving motor (8), and the rotation speed can be adjusted within the range of 5 - 15 rpm; The jacket - type heating device includes a double - layer jacket (10) surrounding the outer wall of the stainless - steel fermentation tank (1) and a heating medium circulation pipeline (11) communicating with the double - layer jacket (10). On the circulation pipeline (11), there is a solenoid valve (12) for controlling the temperature, and the temperature control accuracy is ±0.5°C.

4. The high-efficiency biological conversion system for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, wherein: The black soldier fly breeding module also includes a vibrating screening device (13) and an automatic harvesting system, where; The vibrating screening device (13) is arranged below the outlet of the inclined channel (4) and is used to separate larvae and residues. The screen hole size of the vibrating screening device (13) is 2 mm; The automatic harvesting system includes a light - shielding driving mechanism (14) and a vibrating motor (15) arranged at the bottom of the stainless - steel mesh bed (3). The light - shielding driving mechanism (14) is used to adjust the light intensity to below 500 lux during the pre - pupal stage.

5. The high-efficiency biological conversion system for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, wherein: The stainless - steel mesh bed (3) is woven from 304 stainless - steel wires, and the diameter of the steel wire is 1 mm. The surface is treated by anodic oxidation to form a corrosion - resistant layer. The height of each layer of the stainless - steel mesh bed (3) is 20 cm. Between adjacent layers of the stainless - steel mesh bed (3), there is a spiral feeding machine (16) for uniform feeding. The spiral feeding machine (16) is connected to the membrane - pressed composting device (7) and is used to transport biogas residue to the stainless - steel mesh bed (3) for further insect degradation.

6. The high-efficiency biological conversion system for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, wherein: The automatic temperature control and gas monitoring module includes a sensor network and a PID controller (31), where; The sensor network includes a pH sensor (17), an ORP sensor (18), and a CH4 sensor (19) disposed inside the stainless-steel fermentation tank (1) for monitoring the pH value, redox potential, and methane concentration of the fermentation broth, and a humidity sensor (20), a light intensity sensor (21), and a CO2 sensor (22) disposed above the stainless-steel mesh bed (3) for monitoring the humidity, light, and carbon dioxide concentration in the black soldier fly growth environment; The PID controller (31) is electrically connected to the screw agitator (2), the jacketed heating device, and the ventilation system for dynamically adjusting process parameters according to the sensor data.

7. The efficient biological conversion system for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The PID controller (31) is configured with a methane concentration threshold determination program. When the detection value of the CH4 sensor (19) < 3%, the rotation speed of the screw agitator (2) is automatically increased to 15 rpm; The PID controller (31) is further configured with a larval growth image recognition module (23). The larval growth image recognition module (23) collects larval images through a camera with a resolution of 1280×720 for predicting the prepupal stage and triggering the automatic harvesting system.

8. The efficient biological conversion system for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system further includes a pretreatment module disposed at the feed end of the anaerobic fermentation module for crushing and screening feces; The pretreatment module includes a crusher (24) and a screening machine (25). The discharge port of the crusher (24) is connected to the feed port of the screening machine (25). The screen hole size of the screening machine (25) is 5 mm.

9. The high-efficiency biological conversion system for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 8, characterized in that: A screw conveyor is disposed between the pretreatment module and the anaerobic fermentation module. The screw conveyor includes a stainless-steel conveying pipe (26) and screw blades (27) disposed inside the stainless-steel conveying pipe (26). The diameter of the stainless-steel conveying pipe (26) is DN100, and the inner wall is provided with a wear-resistant lining (28) for continuously conveying the pretreated feces to the stainless-steel fermentation tank (1).

10. The efficient biological conversion system for livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, wherein: The inner wall of the stainless-steel fermentation tank (1) belonging to the anaerobic fermentation module is sprayed with a PTFE coating (29) with a thickness of 0.2 mm for enhancing corrosion resistance; Chitinase with an activity of ≥500 U / g is added to the feed biogas residue in the black soldier fly breeding module for promoting the digestion of chitin by larvae.

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