Heat preservation and insulation fire-resistant gypsum board and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, and provides a heat preservation and insulation fire-resistant gypsum board and a preparation method thereof. A heat preservation and insulation fire-resistant gypsum board sequentially comprises a glass fiber felt I, glass fiber gridding cloth I, a gypsum core material, glass fiber gridding cloth II and a glass fiber felt II from top to bottom, and the gypsum core material is prepared from, by weight, 100 parts of gypsum, 10-30 parts of floating beads, 0.2-0.5 part of waterproof agent, 0.1-0.3 part of retarder, 0.1-0.3 part of water reducing agent, 0.5-1.0 part of reinforced fiber and 60-80 parts of water; the floating beads are composed of floating beads A and floating beads B, and the floating beads A and the floating beads B are different in true density. By means of the technical scheme, the problems that in the related technology, a gypsum board is poor in heat preservation, heat insulation and fire resistance and not long in fire resistance are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, and in particular to a thermal insulation fire-resistant gypsum board and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of construction, it is very important for gypsum board to have thermal insulation and fire resistance. The good thermal insulation performance of gypsum board can reduce the heat transfer inside the building and reduce the energy consumption of air conditioners, heating equipment and other equipment. In the current energy shortage, it can achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. The fire resistance of gypsum board is directly related to the fire safety of the building. It can buy more time for personnel evacuation and fire rescue in the event of a fire, and reduce the losses caused by the fire.

[0003] At present, floating beads are often added in the prior art, and the hollow spherical structure and components of the floating beads are used to improve the thermal insulation and fire resistance of gypsum board. However, it is precisely because of the hollow spherical structure of the floating beads that its own strength is relatively low, and the load-bearing capacity and durability of the gypsum board in actual use are seriously affected. If the gypsum board does not have long-term thermal insulation and fire resistance, when a fire occurs, the gypsum board will quickly soften, deform or even decompose at high temperatures, and will not be able to continue to bear itself and the load it bears, which will cause the building structure to lose stability and accelerate collapse, endangering the lives of people in the building, and will also bring great difficulties to firefighting and rescue work. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a gypsum board with long-term thermal insulation and fire resistance. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a thermal insulation fire-resistant gypsum board and a preparation method thereof, which solves the problem that the thermal insulation fire-resistant performance of the gypsum board in the related art is poor and the fire-resistant performance is not long-lasting.

[0005] The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: The present invention proposes a thermal insulation and fire-resistant gypsum board, which comprises, from top to bottom, glass fiber felt I, glass fiber mesh cloth I, gypsum core material, glass fiber mesh cloth II and glass fiber felt II, wherein the gypsum core material comprises the following component raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of gypsum, 10 to 30 parts of floating beads, 0.2 to 0.5 parts of waterproofing agent, 0.1 to 0.3 parts of retarder, 0.1 to 0.3 parts of water reducer, 0.5 to 1.0 parts of reinforcing fiber and 60 to 80 parts of water; the floating beads are composed of floating beads A and floating beads B, and the true densities of the floating beads A and the floating beads B are different.

[0006] In the present invention, glass fiber mats and fiberglass mesh cloths are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the gypsum core material, which increases the surface strength and fire resistance of the gypsum board. Gypsum, as the main raw material of the gypsum core material, provides the basic structural support and good fire resistance for the board, enabling it to remain stable in high-temperature environments. The addition of waterproofing agents, retarders, and water reducers improves the waterproof and moisture-proof capabilities of the gypsum board and the fluidity and plasticity of the gypsum paste. The reinforcing fibers are evenly distributed inside the board, significantly enhancing the strength and toughness of the gypsum board. The addition of cenospheres A and cenospheres B with different true densities plays the synergistic effect of both, effectively blocking the transfer of heat, and enhancing the heat insulation, fire resistance performance, and fire stability of the gypsum board.

[0007] As a further technical solution, the fiberglass mat I and the fiberglass mat II are each independently an alkali-free fiberglass mat with a thickness of 0.2 - 1.5 mm, preferably 0.6 mm.

[0008] As a further technical solution, the fiberglass mesh cloth I and the fiberglass mesh cloth II have the same size specifications, with a mesh size of 15 mm × 15 mm, a width of 1200 mm, a length of 1000 m per roll, and a grammage of 100 g per square meter.

[0009] In the field of gypsum board manufacturing, as a key auxiliary material, the performance of the fiberglass mat has an important impact on the overall quality of the gypsum board. Traditional fiberglass mats have problems such as the dissolution of alkali metal ions, which easily reduce the durability and reliability of the gypsum board. The alkali-free fiberglass mat, due to its characteristic of not containing alkali metal oxides, effectively avoids such problems and can significantly improve the service life of the gypsum board in various environments.

[0010] As a further technical solution, the true density of the cenospheres A is 0.5 - 0.8 g / cm 3 , and the true density of the cenospheres B is 2.1 - 2.2 g / cm 3 .

[0011] In the present invention, the relatively low true density of the cenospheres A endows them with better light-weight characteristics. In the gypsum board, it can effectively reduce the overall density of the board, reduce the weight of the board, which is not only convenient for transportation and installation but also can reduce the load on the building structure. At the same time, there are a large number of tiny pores inside the low-density structure, and these pores form an air insulation layer, greatly enhancing the heat insulation performance of the gypsum board. The relatively high true density of the cenospheres B provides better compactness and stability in high-temperature environments.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the average particle size of the cenospheres A is 80 mesh, and the average particle size of the cenospheres B is 200 mesh.

[0013] In the present invention, cenospheres A and cenospheres B with different particle sizes are used in combination. Cenospheres A have a relatively larger particle size, and the pore structure inside them can form a relatively large air heat-insulating area in the gypsum board, effectively slowing down the heat conduction speed. Cenospheres B have a smaller particle size and can fill the larger pores formed by cenospheres A and the tiny gaps between raw materials, reducing the air convection channels. The difference in their particle sizes enables the cenospheres to form a well-defined and dense structure within the board, like a multi-layer heat-insulating barrier, greatly enhancing the heat transfer blocking ability of the gypsum board and further improving the heat preservation, heat insulation and fire resistance performance of the gypsum board.

[0014] As a further technical solution, the mass ratio of the cenospheres A to the cenospheres B is 1 to 5:1. For example, it can be 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, and preferably 3 to 4:1.

[0015] In the present invention, both cenospheres A and cenospheres B are added. By defining the mass ratio between the two, their synergistic effect is exerted, reducing the heat conduction efficiency and significantly improving the heat preservation, heat insulation and fire resistance performance of the gypsum board. If the proportion of cenospheres A is too high, the structure will be insufficiently dense. If the proportion of cenospheres B is too high, the overall skeleton support effect will be affected. The appropriate mass ratio ensures that the gypsum board achieves balance in terms of strength, heat preservation, heat insulation and fire resistance, meets the diverse requirements in actual use, and improves the comprehensive performance of the product.

[0016] As a further technical solution, the water reducing agent is composed of a naphthalene-based water reducing agent and a hydroxyquinoline sulfonic acid compound with a mass ratio of 2:1 to 2.

[0017] In the present invention, a naphthalene-based water reducing agent and a hydroxyquinoline sulfonic acid compound are added as the water reducing agent. By exerting their synergistic effect, the agglomeration phenomenon between gypsum particles can be effectively reduced, making them more uniformly dispersed in water, promoting the gypsum particles to come into contact with water more fully and undergo a hydration reaction, making the connection between gypsum particles stronger and enhancing the strength of the gypsum board.

[0018] As a further technical solution, the naphthalene-based water reducing agent can be naphthalene-based water reducing agent UNF, naphthalene-based water reducing agent FDN, naphthalene-based water reducing agent NF, and preferably naphthalene-based water reducing agent FDN.

[0019] As a further technical solution, the hydroxyquinoline sulfonic acid compound includes one or both of 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid and 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-sulfonic acid.

[0020] As a further technical solution, the waterproof agent includes one or both of sodium methyl silicate and potassium methyl silicate, and preferably sodium methyl silicate.

[0021] In the present invention, a waterproofing agent is added to effectively prevent water penetration, greatly improve the waterproof and moisture-proof ability of the gypsum board, and can effectively prevent problems such as board deformation, mildew, and strength reduction caused by water intrusion; sodium methyl silicate has good waterproof performance and can form a hydrophobic film on the surface and inside of the gypsum board to prevent the intrusion of external water, effectively avoiding the dissolution of gypsum and structural damage caused by water erosion; even in an environment with high relative humidity, the gypsum board using sodium methyl silicate as a waterproofing agent can still maintain its initial strength and maintain good structural stability, greatly extending the service life of the gypsum board, so that it can reliably play a role in a variety of complex environments.

[0022] As a further technical solution, the retarder includes one or both of citric acid and tartaric acid.

[0023] In the present invention, a retarder is added to adjust the setting time of the gypsum slurry to an appropriate range, thereby providing sufficient time for construction operations, ensuring that the gypsum board can be smoothly formed, and avoiding the problem of being unable to construct normally due to too fast setting, or affecting production efficiency due to too slow setting. The use of the retarder enables the gypsum slurry to maintain good fluidity and plasticity for a long time, and workers have more time to complete operation steps such as mixing, pouring, and spreading, which greatly improves the controllability of the production process, reduces product defects caused by untimely operation, and ensures the smooth production of the gypsum board.

[0024] As a further technical solution, the reinforcing fiber includes one or both of glass fiber and paper fiber, preferably glass fiber.

[0025] In the present invention, the addition of reinforcing fiber material can effectively bear the tension generated by external loads, prevent the generation and expansion of cracks inside the gypsum board, and greatly improve the flexural and tensile strength of the gypsum board; glass fiber has the characteristics of high strength and high modulus. When the gypsum board is subjected to external force, the glass fiber can bear most of the stress and effectively disperse the external force to avoid the rupture of the gypsum matrix due to local stress concentration. In addition, the glass fiber itself has good fire resistance and will not burn or release harmful gases in a high temperature environment. Using glass fiber as reinforcing fiber in the gypsum board will not only not reduce the original fire resistance of the gypsum board, but on the contrary, when a fire occurs, the glass fiber can maintain the structural integrity of the gypsum board and prevent it from collapsing too quickly, thereby buying more time for personnel evacuation and fire fighting and rescue, and further improving the reliability of the gypsum board in fire safety.

[0026] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board, which is used to prepare the heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board described above, and includes the following steps: Weigh the raw materials in the above-mentioned weight parts, mix them evenly to form a gypsum slurry, lay fiberglass felt II and fiberglass mesh cloth II successively from bottom to top, pour the gypsum slurry, and then lay fiberglass mesh cloth I and fiberglass felt I successively on the upper surface of the gypsum slurry. After extrusion molding, solidification, cutting, and drying, the heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board is obtained.

[0027] In the present invention, the preparation method is simple and clear. Compared with some complex preparation processes, a large number of cumbersome intermediate links are reduced, and the production efficiency is greatly improved; in terms of structure, not only the mechanical properties of the gypsum board are improved, but also the heat-insulating, heat-resistant and strengthening effects of the fiberglass felt and fiberglass mesh cloth can be better exerted, making the final product perform more excellently in terms of heat-insulating, heat-resistant and fire-resistant properties, and meeting the requirements for high-performance gypsum boards in the fields of architecture and the like.

[0028] As a further technical solution, the mixing time is 4 - 6 min; the solidification temperature is 23 °C, and the time is 1 - 2 h; the drying temperature is 60 - 65 °C, the relative humidity is 80%, and the time is 10 - 12 h.

[0029] The working principle and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Different from the existing heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum boards that utilize the hollow structure and composition of cenospheres to improve fire resistance but neglect the long-term fire resistance stability of the gypsum board, in the present invention, the cenospheres are composed of cenosphere A and cenosphere B with different true densities. In the initial stage of high temperature, the cenosphere with a smaller true density can quickly form a preliminary heat-insulating barrier, effectively slowing down the heat transfer speed into the interior of the gypsum board; while the cenosphere with a larger true density provides support for the overall structure with its higher strength, preventing the gypsum board from deforming rapidly due to high temperature. As the high temperature continues, the two cooperate with each other. The cenosphere with a smaller true density continuously maintains the heat-insulating effect, and the cenosphere with a larger true density further stabilizes the structure, avoiding structural damage caused by long-term high temperature. Through the cooperation of cenosphere A and cenosphere B with different true densities, the heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board of the present invention can maintain good fire resistance for a long time in a high-temperature environment, greatly extending the fire resistance time and fire resistance stability, and providing a more reliable guarantee for fire safety in practical application scenarios. Specific embodiments

[0030] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0031] In the following examples and comparative examples: Naphthalene-based water reducer: Model FDN, purchased from Shandong Xinfuman Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.; Sodium methyl silicate: Solid content 30 wt%, purchased from Shandong Xinbaihe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.; Glass fiber: Diameter 9 μm, length 3 mm; Gypsum: Desulfurized anhydrous gypsum powder, purchased from Jinan Hongtu Chemical Co., Ltd.; Float bead A: True density 0.5 - 0.8 g / cm 3 ; Float bead B: True density 2.1 - 2.2 g / cm 3 , average particle size 200 mesh; Glass fiber felt: Thickness 0.6 mm, purchased from Taizhou Zhongcheng Glass Fiber Products Co., Ltd.; Mesh glass fiber cloth: Mesh size 15 mm × 15 mm, width 1200 mm, length per roll 1000 m, grammage per square meter 100 g.

[0032] Example 1 A preparation method of a heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board, comprising the following steps: Weigh 100 parts of gypsum, 10 parts of float beads, 0.2 part of sodium methyl silicate, 0.1 part of citric acid, 0.1 part of naphthalene-based water reducer FDN, 0.5 part of glass fiber, and 60 parts of water. After mixing for 4 min, a gypsum slurry is formed. Lay the glass fiber felt and the glass fiber mesh cloth from bottom to top in sequence. After pouring the gypsum slurry, lay the glass fiber mesh cloth and the glass fiber felt on the upper surface of the gypsum slurry in sequence. After extrusion molding, it is solidified at 23°C for 1 h, cut, and then dried at a temperature of 60°C and a relative humidity of 80% for 12 h to obtain the heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board; wherein the float beads are composed of float bead A and float bead B with a mass ratio of 3:1, and the average particle size of float bead A is 80 mesh.

[0033] Example 2 A preparation method of a heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board, comprising the following steps: Weigh 100 parts of gypsum, 20 parts of float beads, 0.3 part of sodium methyl silicate, 0.2 part of tartaric acid, 0.2 part of naphthalene-based water reducer FDN, 0.8 part of glass fiber, and 70 parts of water. After mixing for 5 min, a gypsum slurry is formed. Lay the glass fiber felt and the glass fiber mesh cloth from bottom to top in sequence. After pouring the gypsum slurry, lay the glass fiber mesh cloth and the glass fiber felt on the upper surface of the gypsum slurry in sequence. After extrusion molding, it is solidified at 23°C for 1.5 h, cut, and then dried at a temperature of 62°C and a relative humidity of 80% for 11 h to obtain the heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board; wherein the float beads are composed of float bead A and float bead B with a mass ratio of 3:1, and the average particle size of float bead A is 80 mesh.

[0034] Example 3 A preparation method of a heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board, comprising the following steps: weighing 100 parts of gypsum, 30 parts of cenospheres, 0.5 part of sodium methyl silicate, 0.3 part of tartaric acid, 0.3 part of naphthalene-based water-reducing agent FDN, 1.0 part of glass fiber, and 80 parts of water, mixing for 6 min to form a gypsum slurry, laying a glass fiber felt and a glass fiber mesh cloth in sequence from bottom to top, pouring the gypsum slurry, then laying a glass fiber mesh cloth and a glass fiber felt on the upper surface of the gypsum slurry in sequence, extruding and molding, solidifying at 23 °C for 2 h, cutting, and drying at a temperature of 65 °C and a relative humidity of 80% for 10 h to obtain the heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board; wherein the cenospheres are composed of cenosphere A and cenosphere B with a mass ratio of 3:1, and the average particle size of cenosphere A is 80 mesh.

[0035] Example 4 Compared with Example 1, the difference in Example 4 is that the cenospheres are composed of cenosphere A and cenosphere B with a mass ratio of 4:1.

[0036] Example 5 Compared with Example 4, the difference in Example 5 is that the average particle size of cenosphere A is 40 mesh.

[0037] Example 6 Compared with Example 4, the difference in Example 6 is that the average particle size of cenosphere A is 200 mesh.

[0038] Example 7 Compared with Example 4, the difference in Example 7 is that the average particle size of cenosphere A is 400 mesh.

[0039] Example 8 Compared with Example 4, the difference in Example 8 is that the naphthalene-based water-reducing agent FDN is replaced with an equal amount of 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid.

[0040] Example 9 Compared with Example 8, the difference in Example 9 is that the naphthalene-based water-reducing agent FDN is replaced with a mixture of naphthalene-based water-reducing agent FDN and 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0041] Example 10 Compared with Example 8, the difference in Example 10 is that the naphthalene-based water-reducing agent FDN is replaced with a mixture of naphthalene-based water-reducing agent FDN and 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0042] Example 11 Compared with Example 10, the difference in Example 11 is that the 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid is replaced with an equal amount of 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-sulfonic acid.

[0043] Example 12 Compared with Example 10, Example 12 is different in that 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid is replaced with an equal amount of 3-hydroxypropane sulfonic acid.

[0044] Comparative Example 1 Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 1 is different in that no cenospheres are added.

[0045] Comparative Example 2 Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 2 is different in that the cenospheres are only cenosphere A.

[0046] Comparative Example 3 Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 3 is different in that the cenospheres are only cenosphere B.

[0047] Experimental Example 1 For the heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum boards prepared in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the fire stability of the samples was tested according to the test methods specified in GB / T 9775-2008 "Paper-faced Gypsum Board".

[0048] The test results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Performance test results of heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum boards prepared in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3

[0049] As can be seen from Table 1, the fire stability of Examples 1 to 7 is better than that of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, indicating that when both cenosphere A and cenosphere B are added, the long-term fire resistance of the gypsum board can be improved.

[0050] Experimental Example 2 For the heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum boards prepared in Example 4 and Examples 8 to 12, specimens with a thickness of 12 mm were made, and the fracture load of the specimens was tested according to the test methods specified in GB / T 9775-2008 "Paper-faced Gypsum Board".

[0051] The test results are shown in Table 2: Table 2 Performance test results of heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum boards prepared in Example 4 and Examples 8 to 12

[0052] As can be seen from Table 2, when a naphthalene-based water reducer and a hydroxyquinoline sulfonic acid compound are used as water reducers, the strength of the gypsum board can be improved.

[0053] Experimental Example 3 The gypsum board prepared in Example 1 was irradiated with a 1000 W iodine-tungsten lamp. The initial temperature was 15 °C. After 1 h, the temperature on the side without the iodine-tungsten lamp irradiation was 45 °C, indicating that the gypsum board prepared in Example 1 has good heat-insulating and heat-preserving effects.

[0054] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board, characterized in that, It successively includes fiberglass mat I, fiberglass mesh cloth I, gypsum core material, fiberglass mesh cloth II and fiberglass mat II from top to bottom. The gypsum core material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of gypsum, 10 - 30 parts of cenospheres, 0.2 - 0.5 part of waterproofing agent, 0.1 - 0.3 part of retarder, 0.1 - 0.3 part of water reducer, 0.5 - 1.0 part of reinforcing fiber, and 60 - 80 parts of water; the cenospheres are composed of cenosphere A and cenosphere B, and the true densities of cenosphere A and cenosphere B are different.

2. A heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The true density of the floating beads A is 0.5-0.8 g / cm 3 The true density of the floating beads B is 2.1-2.2 g / cm 3 .

3. A heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The average particle size of cenosphere A is 80 mesh, and the average particle size of cenosphere B is 200 mesh.

4. A heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of cenosphere A to cenosphere B is 1 - 5:

1.

5. A heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water reducer is composed of a naphthalene - based water reducer and a hydroxyquinoline sulfonic acid compound with a mass ratio of 2:1 - 2.

6. A heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board according to claim 5, characterized in that, The hydroxyquinoline sulfonic acid compound includes one or both of 8 - hydroxyquinoline - 5 - sulfonic acid and 8 - hydroxyquinoline - 2 - sulfonic acid.

7. A heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproofing agent includes one or both of sodium methyl silicate and potassium methyl silicate.

8. A heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board according to claim 1, wherein, The retarder includes one or both of citric acid and tartaric acid.

9. A heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcing fiber includes one or both of glass fiber and paper fiber.

10. A preparation method of a heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board, which is used to prepare a heat-insulating and fire-resistant gypsum board according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, mixing them evenly to form a gypsum slurry, laying fiberglass mat II and fiberglass mesh cloth II successively from bottom to top, pouring the gypsum slurry, and then laying fiberglass mesh cloth I and fiberglass mat I successively on the upper surface of the gypsum slurry, followed by extrusion molding, solidification, cutting, and drying to obtain the thermal insulation and fire - resistant gypsum board.

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