Compound fertilizer capable of enhancing drought resistance and preserving fertilizer and soil moisture and preparation method of compound fertilizer

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of compound fertilizers, particularly relates to a compound fertilizer capable of enhancing drought resistance and preserving fertilizer and soil moisture and a preparation method thereof, and discloses a preparation method of the compound fertilizer capable of enhancing drought resistance and preserving fertilizer and soil moisture, which comprises the following steps: mixing polyacrylamide, a sargassum extract and modified vermiculite to obtain a water retention carrier; the base fertilizer, the plant growth regulator and the water retention carrier are fully mixed to prepare the compound fertilizer for enhancing drought resistance, preserving fertilizer and preserving soil moisture. Field test results show that by applying the compound fertilizer for enhancing drought resistance, fertilizer conservation and soil moisture conservation, the drought resistance, fertilizer conservation and water retention of soil are enhanced, the disease resistance of kiwi fruits is improved, and the compound fertilizer has the comprehensive effects of increasing yield and improving the fruit quality of the kiwi fruits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of compound fertilizers, and particularly relates to a compound fertilizer for enhancing drought resistance and retaining fertilizer and soil moisture, and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the intensification of global climate change, extreme weather events such as drought occur frequently, posing a serious threat to agricultural production. Under drought conditions, the soil moisture is insufficient, and the ability of crop roots to absorb water and nutrients is limited, resulting in the growth of crops being hindered and the yield and quality decreasing. Therefore, developing fertilizers with drought resistance and soil moisture retention functions is of great significance for improving the survival ability and yield of crops under drought conditions.

[0003] At present, the compound fertilizers on the market are mainly nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizers. Although they can provide the main nutrient elements required for crop growth, they have obvious deficiencies in drought resistance and soil moisture retention. After the traditional compound fertilizers are applied, the nutrient release rate is relatively fast, and it is difficult to continuously provide nutrients for crops under drought conditions, and they cannot effectively retain soil moisture, resulting in crops being easily affected by drought in the dry season.

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies of traditional compound fertilizers, researchers have begun to explore fertilizers with drought resistance and soil moisture retention functions. Some studies attempt to improve the drought resistance and soil moisture retention ability of fertilizers by adding water-retaining agents, drought-resistant agents and other components. However, most of these studies have the following problems: one is that the added drought resistance and soil moisture retention components have poor compatibility with the fertilizer matrix, resulting in unstable fertilizer performance; the other is that the drought resistance and soil moisture retention effects are limited and difficult to meet the needs of crops under long-term drought conditions. In addition, with the development of modern agriculture, the requirements for fertilizers are also getting higher and higher. In addition to providing basic nutrient elements, fertilizers are also required to have multiple functions such as improving soil structure, increasing soil fertility, and promoting crop growth. Therefore, developing a multifunctional compound fertilizer that can both enhance drought resistance, retain fertilizer and soil moisture, and meet the needs of modern agriculture has important practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention conducts research on the modification process of vermiculite to prepare modified vermiculite. After being modified by a specific process, the porosity and specific surface area of the vermiculite are both increased. The present invention further screens the Sargassum extract compounded with the modified vermiculite and acrylamide to obtain a water-retaining carrier, and then mixes the water-retaining carrier with a basic fertilizer and a plant growth regulator to prepare a multifunctional compound fertilizer with drought resistance, fertilizer retention and soil moisture retention, and improving the disease resistance of plants.

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides a preparation method of a compound fertilizer for enhancing drought resistance and retaining fertilizer and soil moisture, and the method includes mixing polyacrylamide, Sargassum extract and modified vermiculite to obtain a water-retaining carrier;

[0007] The compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance, fertilizer retention and moisture retention is prepared by fully mixing a basic fertilizer, a plant growth regulator and a water retention carrier;

[0008] The preparation method of the modified vermiculite is as follows: Take vermiculite, heat and expand it at 300 - 600 °C for 1 - 5 min, and then cool it to obtain.

[0009] Further, in the preparation method of the compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance, fertilizer retention and moisture retention, the water retention carrier is composed of 5 - 10 parts by mass of polyacrylamide, 10 - 20 parts by mass of Sargassum extract and 100 parts by mass of modified vermiculite.

[0010] Further, in the preparation method of the compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance, fertilizer retention and moisture retention, the water retention carrier is composed of 10 parts by mass of polyacrylamide, 20 parts by mass of Sargassum extract and 100 parts by mass of modified vermiculite.

[0011] Further, in the preparation method of the compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance, fertilizer retention and moisture retention, the vermiculite is heated and expanded at 600 °C for 1 min and then cooled to obtain.

[0012] Further, in the preparation method of the compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance, fertilizer retention and moisture retention, the basic fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and humic acid.

[0013] Further, in the preparation method of the compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance, fertilizer retention and moisture retention, the mass ratio of the basic fertilizer, the plant growth regulator and the water retention carrier is 60 - 80:0.01 - 0.5:20 - 40.

[0014] Further, in the preparation method of the compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance, fertilizer retention and moisture retention, the plant regulator is one of brassinolide and indoleacetic acid.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention provides a compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance, fertilizer retention and moisture retention prepared by the above method.

[0016] On yet another aspect, the present invention also provides the application of the compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance, fertilizer retention and moisture retention in reducing the chlorosis of fruit trees.

[0017] Further, in the above application, the fruit tree is a kiwifruit tree.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects or advantages:

[0019] The present invention optimizes the process of vermiculite modification to obtain modified vermiculite. The modified vermiculite is mixed with polyacrylamide and Sargassum extract to obtain a water-retaining carrier with good water-retaining performance. Through experiments, it is verified that when vermiculite is mixed with polyacrylamide and other seaweed extracts such as kelp extract and red algae extract, the water-retaining effect decreases significantly, indicating that Sargassum extract plays an important role in obtaining a water-retaining carrier with excellent water-retaining performance by mixing with modified vermiculite and polyacrylamide.

[0020] The water-retaining carrier obtained by mixing the above-mentioned modified vermiculite, Sargassum extract and polyacrylamide is fully mixed with basic fertilizer and plant growth regulator to prepare a compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance and water and fertilizer retention ability. The field test results show that after applying the compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance and water and fertilizer retention ability provided by the present invention, the soil bulk density decreases significantly, the soil organic matter content increases significantly, while the improvement effects of the control group and traditional basic fertilizers under the same conditions are obviously insufficient. In addition, after applying the compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance and water and fertilizer retention ability provided by the present invention, the single fruit weight of kiwifruit increases, the fruit quality is significantly improved, and the incidence of kiwifruit chlorosis disease decreases significantly. It shows that the compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance and water and fertilizer retention ability provided by the present invention not only enhances the drought resistance, water and fertilizer retention ability of the soil, but also improves the disease resistance of kiwifruit and has the comprehensive effects of increasing production and improving the fruit quality of kiwifruit. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in conjunction with embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0022] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the specific embodiments cited do not limit the present invention.

[0023] In the following embodiments, the experimental methods and detection methods are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials can be purchased on the market unless otherwise specified.

[0024] The Sargassum extract is purchased from Shaanxi Tiannong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0025] The kelp extract (brown algae extract) is purchased from Shaanxi Tiannong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0026] The red algae extract is purchased from Shanxi Haocheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0027] The basic fertilizer, medium-leaf compound fertilizer, is provided by Shaanxi Zhongye Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] This example is for preparing a water-retaining carrier.

[0030] Take 100 kg of vermiculite, put it into a rotary kiln at 300 °C, heat and expand for 5 minutes, then discharge and cool it to 50 °C by air cooling, put it into a continuous mixer, and finally put in 5 kg of acrylamide and 10 kg of Sargassum extract, mix evenly and discharge. After cooling to room temperature, obtain water-retaining carrier 1#, for later use.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] This example is for preparing a water-retaining carrier.

[0033] Take 100 kg of vermiculite, put it into a rotary kiln at 400 °C, heat and expand for 3 minutes, then discharge and cool it to 55 °C by air cooling, put it into a continuous mixer, and finally put in 8 kg of acrylamide and 15 kg of Sargassum extract, mix evenly and discharge. After cooling to room temperature, obtain water-retaining carrier 2#, for later use.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] This example is for preparing a water-retaining carrier.

[0036] Take 100 kg of vermiculite, put it into a rotary kiln at 600 °C, heat and expand for 1 minute, then discharge and cool it to 60 °C by air cooling, put it into a continuous mixer, and finally put in 10 kg of acrylamide and 20 kg of Sargassum extract, mix evenly and discharge. After cooling to room temperature, obtain water-retaining carrier 3#, for later use.

[0037] Comparative Example 1

[0038] This comparative example is for preparing a water-retaining carrier of unmodified vermiculite.

[0039] Take 100 kg of vermiculite, mix 10 kg of acrylamide and 20 kg of Ecklonia kurome extract evenly to obtain water-retaining carrier contrast agent 1, labeled as contrast agent 1#, for later use.

[0040] Comparative Example 2

[0041] This comparative example is for preparing a water-retaining carrier containing Ecklonia kurome extract.

[0042] Take 100 kg of vermiculite, put it into a rotary kiln at 300 °C, heat and expand for 5 minutes, then discharge and cool it to 50 °C by air cooling, put it into a continuous mixer, and finally put in 5 kg of acrylamide and 10 kg of Ecklonia kurome extract, mix evenly and discharge. After cooling to room temperature, obtain contrast agent 2, labeled as contrast agent 2#, for later use.

[0043] Comparative Example 3

[0044] This comparative example is for preparing a water-retaining carrier containing Gelidium amansii extract.

[0045] Take 100 kg of vermiculite and put it into a rotary kiln at 600 °C. After heating and expanding for 1 minute, discharge the material and cool it to 60 °C by air cooling. Then put it into a continuous mixer. Finally, add 10 kg of acrylamide and 20 kg of red algae extract, mix evenly and discharge. After cooling to room temperature, obtain contrast agent 3, marked as contrast agent 3#, for later use.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] This example is a water retention performance test for Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.

[0048] Mix 2 g of the water retention carrier with 98 g of dry soil with a particle size of 30 mesh, then add it to a beaker, add 50 g of pure water to each, stir evenly, and evenly spread the mixed soil on a glass substrate. Let it stand at 38 °C. Measure the mass mt of the mixed soil on the 10th day, 20th day, and 30th day respectively, and calculate the water retention rate according to the formula 100%×(mt - 100) / 50. The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0049] Table 1 Test results of water retention performance of different water retention carriers

[0050] Test grouping Water retention rate on the 10th day (%) Water retention rate on the 20th day (%) Water retention rate on the 30th day (%) Example 1 79.2 72.8 62.1 Example 2 88.6 82.1 71.4 Example 3 91.5 85.7 76.9 Comparative Example 1 48.2 32.2 12.8 Comparative Example 2 57.5 44.1 28.5 Comparative Example 3 61.5 52.3 41.4

[0051] The results in Table 1 show that the water retention rates of the water retention carriers of Examples 1 to 3 prepared from modified vermiculite are significantly better than those of the water retention carrier contrast agent 1 prepared from unmodified vermiculite. It shows that the mixture of modified vermiculite with sargassum extract and acrylamide can improve water retention. The water retention rates of the water retention carriers of Examples 1 to 3 are significantly higher than those of contrast agent 2 and contrast agent 3, indicating that the water retention rate of the compound of sargassum extract with vermiculite and acrylamide is better than that of the laminaria extract of Comparative Example 2 and the red algae extract of Comparative Example 3. It is particularly noteworthy that when using the water retention carrier of Example 3, the water retention rate of the soil on the 30th day is the highest, reaching 76.9%, indicating that when the mass ratio of modified vermiculite to sargassum extract and acrylamide is 100:10:20, the water retention performance is the best.

[0052] Example 5

[0053] This example is to prepare a compound fertilizer for enhancing drought resistance and retaining fertilizer and moisture.

[0054] Take 60 kg of medium-leaf compound fertilizer, 0.01 kg of brassinolide and 40 kg of the water retention carrier of Example 1, mix evenly in a mixer and then discharge and seal for later use, which is the compound fertilizer 1# for enhancing drought resistance and retaining fertilizer and moisture.

[0055] Example 6

[0056] This example is to prepare a compound fertilizer for enhancing drought resistance and retaining fertilizer and moisture.

[0057] Take 70 kg of medium-leaf compound fertilizer, 0.02 kg of indoleacetic acid, and 30 kg of the water-retaining carrier of Example 2. After mixing evenly in a blender, discharge the material and seal it for packaging for later use, which is the compound fertilizer 2# for enhancing drought resistance and retaining fertilizer and moisture.

[0058] Example 7

[0059] This example is for preparing a compound fertilizer for enhancing drought resistance and retaining fertilizer and moisture.

[0060] Take 80 kg of medium-leaf compound fertilizer, 0.5 kg of indoleacetic acid, and 20 kg of the water-retaining carrier of Example 3. After mixing evenly in a blender, discharge the material and seal it for packaging for later use, which is the compound fertilizer 3# for enhancing drought resistance and retaining fertilizer and moisture.

[0061] Comparative Example 4

[0062] This comparative example is a compound fertilizer containing unmodified vermiculite.

[0063] Take 60 kg of medium-leaf compound fertilizer, 0.01 kg of brassinolide, and 40 kg of the water-retaining carrier of Comparative Example 1. After mixing evenly in a blender, discharge the material and seal it for packaging for later use, which is the compound fertilizer of Comparative Example 4, marked as Comparative Compound Fertilizer 4#.

[0064] Comparative Example 5

[0065] This comparative example is a compound fertilizer containing kelp extract.

[0066] Take 70 kg of medium-leaf compound fertilizer, 0.01 kg of brassinolide, and 30 kg of the water-retaining carrier of Comparative Example 2. After mixing evenly in a blender, discharge the material and seal it for packaging for later use, which is the compound fertilizer of Comparative Example 5, marked as Comparative Compound Fertilizer 5#.

[0067] Comparative Example 6

[0068] This comparative example is a compound fertilizer containing red algae extract.

[0069] Take 80 kg of medium-leaf compound fertilizer, 0.5 kg of indoleacetic acid, and 20 kg of the water-retaining carrier of Comparative Example 3. After mixing evenly in a blender, discharge the material and seal it for packaging for later use, which is the compound fertilizer of Comparative Example 6, marked as Comparative Compound Fertilizer 6#.

[0070] Example 8

[0071] This example is a test on the field fertilizer efficiency of the compound fertilizer for enhancing drought resistance and retaining fertilizer and moisture, as well as its impact on soil improvement and fruit quality.

[0072] Test location: Kiwifruit planting area in Kang County, Gansu.

[0073] The test crop was 6-year-old kiwifruit trees with severely compacted soil. The fertilization method was to dig a 30-cm-deep circular groove for fertilization with a radius centered on the tree crown after the kiwifruit harvest in the autumn of the current year, in early March of the second year, in late May of the second year, and in mid-June of the second year, applying 2.5 kg per plant. Other management was conventional field management. According to the above fertilization method, the compound fertilizers for enhancing drought resistance, soil fertility, and moisture retention in Examples 5-6, the compound fertilizers in Comparative Examples 4-6, and the basic fertilizer were applied respectively. The soil organic matter content (SOM) and soil bulk density of the 0-30 cm soil were measured before the first fertilization (i.e., after the kiwifruit harvest in the autumn of the current year) and at the kiwifruit harvest in the second year to evaluate the drought resistance, water retention, and fertilizer retention capabilities of the soil. The results are shown in Table 2; at the harvest, the single fruit weight, the incidence of chlorosis, and the fruit quality of each test were statistically analyzed to evaluate the effects of the applied fertilizers on the fruit quality and incidence of the crop. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0074] Table 2 Measurement Results of Soil Properties

[0075]

[0076] Table 3 Incidence of Kiwifruit Chlorosis and Fruit Quality Test Results

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] As shown in the results of Table 2, after applying the compound fertilizers in Examples 5-7 of the present invention for enhancing drought resistance, soil fertility, and moisture retention, the soil bulk density decreased significantly, and the soil organic matter content increased substantially; especially in Example 7, the soil bulk density decreased from 1.51 g / cm 3 to 1.02 g / cm 3 , and the soil organic matter content increased from 8.5 g / kg to 17.6 g / kg; while the improvement effects of the comparative examples and the traditional basic fertilizer under the same conditions were significantly insufficient. For example, the soil organic matter in Comparative Example 4 only increased to 10.2 g / kg, and the soil bulk density did not decrease significantly. It shows that after applying the compound fertilizer provided by the present invention for enhancing drought resistance, soil fertility, and moisture retention, the drought resistance, fertilizer retention, and water retention capabilities of the soil are significantly improved.

[0080] As shown in the results of Table 3, after applying the compound fertilizer provided by the present invention for enhancing drought resistance, soil fertility, and moisture retention, the incidence of chlorosis decreased significantly, dropping to 3.12% - 5.13% (the basic fertilizer was 20.13%). The single fruit weight increased significantly compared with Comparative Examples 4-6 and the basic fertilizer group. The Vc content, soluble solid content, and sugar content of the fruit were significantly better than those of the basic fertilizer group and Comparative Examples 4-6. It shows that applying the compound fertilizer provided by the present invention for enhancing drought resistance, soil fertility, and moisture retention can reduce the incidence of kiwifruit chlorosis, increase the single fruit weight, increase the Vc content and sugar content of kiwifruit, and improve the fruit quality.

[0081] In summary, this example shows that applying the compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance and fertilizer and moisture retention ability of the present invention not only enhances the drought resistance, fertilizer and water retention ability of the soil, but also can improve the disease resistance of kiwifruit, and has the comprehensive effects of increasing production and improving the quality of kiwifruit.

[0082] As described above, the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been better described. The above embodiments and the description are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope determined by the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a compound fertilizer for enhancing drought resistance and retaining fertilizer and moisture, characterized in that, It includes mixing polyacrylamide, Sargassum extract and modified vermiculite to obtain a water-retaining carrier; The compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance, fertilizer retention and moisture retention is prepared by fully mixing a basic fertilizer, a plant growth regulator and the water-retaining carrier; The preparation method of the modified vermiculite is: taking vermiculite, heating and expanding it at 300-600 °C for 1-5 min and then cooling it; 2. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer for enhancing drought resistance and retaining fertilizer and moisture according to claim 1, characterized in that The water-retaining carrier is composed of 5-10 parts by mass of polyacrylamide, 10-20 parts by mass of Sargassum extract and 100 parts by mass of modified vermiculite; 3. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer for enhancing drought resistance and retaining fertilizer and moisture according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water-retaining carrier is composed of 10 parts by mass of polyacrylamide, 20 parts by mass of Sargassum extract and 100 parts by mass of modified vermiculite; 4. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer for enhancing drought resistance and retaining fertilizer and moisture according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vermiculite is obtained by heating and expanding it at 600 °C for 1 min and then cooling it; 5. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer for enhancing drought resistance and retaining fertilizer and soil moisture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and humic acid; 6. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer for enhancing drought resistance and retaining fertilizer and moisture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the basic fertilizer, the plant growth regulator and the water-retaining carrier is 60-80:0.01-0.5:20-40; 7. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer for enhancing drought resistance and retaining fertilizer and moisture according to claim 1, characterized in that The plant regulator is one of brassinolide and indoleacetic acid; 8. A compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance, fertilizer retention and moisture retention prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7; 9. Application of the compound fertilizer with enhanced drought resistance, fertilizer retention and moisture retention according to claim 8 in reducing the chlorosis of fruit trees; 10. The application according to claim 9, wherein The fruit tree is a kiwifruit tree.

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