High-strength efficient railway coal high-speed transportation dust suppressant and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of railway transportation dust control, and particularly relates to a high-strength efficient railway coal high-speed transportation dust suppressant and a preparation method of the high-strength efficient railway coal high-speed transportation dust suppressant. The adhesive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30-70 parts of a natural polymer adhesive, 20-40 parts of a micromolecule adhesive, 5-15 parts of an adhesive aid, 1-5 parts of a thickening agent, 0.5-1 part of a surfactant and water. According to the invention, the micromolecular binder is used for interpenetrating in a composite three-dimensional cross-linked network structure formed by the natural polymer binder, the binding aid and the thickening agent, so that the binding property of the dust suppressant is improved. After being sprayed on the surface of coal dust, the coal dust suppressant can form a solidified shell layer with enough thickness and good shock resistance and compression resistance, so that efficient dust suppression is realized, and coal loss in the railway transportation process and pollution to the environment along the transportation line are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of dust control in railway transportation, and particularly relates to a high-strength and efficient dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Coal is one of the main fossil energy sources at present and is closely related to social and economic development. The exploitation, transportation, and use of a large amount of coal resources are always accompanied by the generation of a large amount of coal dust. During the railway transportation of coal, affected by factors such as wind, a large amount of coal cinder and coal dust float in the air, which not only causes a large amount of economic losses but also seriously pollutes the environment along the railway transportation line. The existing dust suppression methods for railway transportation mainly include methods such as sprinkling, laying dust-proof nets, using enclosed structures, and spraying chemical dust suppressants. Among them, the chemical dust suppressant method has prominent advantages such as effectiveness, economy, and high adaptability to automated loading and unloading, and has become the main means of dust control and is widely used in dust control during railway transportation.

[0003] Due to the long distance and large span of railway coal transportation, the existing solidified layer of dust suppressant has problems such as low strength and thin thickness. During transportation, it is easily damaged by factors such as wind to form a wind erosion center, resulting in a large amount of coal dust floating, increasing coal losses and environmental pollution along the transportation line. To solve the problems of poor strength and easy breakage of the solidified layer of the dust suppressant during railway transportation, the present invention proposes a high-strength and efficient dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the problems of poor strength and easy breakage of the solidified layer of the existing dust suppressant during railway transportation, the present invention provides a high-strength and efficient dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: The high-strength and efficient dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation is made of the following components in parts by mass: 30 - 70 parts of natural polymer binder, 20 - 40 parts of small molecule binder, 5 - 15 parts of binder assistant, 1 - 5 parts of thickener, 0.5 - 1 part of surfactant, and water.

[0006] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the natural polymer binder is one or a mixture of any proportions of linseed gum, sesbania gum, and coumarin gum.

[0007] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the small molecule binder is one or a mixture of any proportions of anhydrous glucose and dextrin.

[0008] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the binder assistant is one or a mixture of any proportions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate.

[0009] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the thickener is one or a mixture of any proportions of polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol.

[0010] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the surfactant is one or a mixture of any proportions of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

[0011] The present invention further provides a preparation method of a high-strength and highly efficient dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation, comprising the following steps:

[0012] (1) Weigh each component according to parts by mass;

[0013] (2) Mix and stir the powders of each component evenly;

[0014] (3) Add water to the evenly mixed powder system according to the required proportion, and stir until all substances in the system are dissolved evenly; the stirring conditions are 50 - 200 r / min, and the stirring time is 30 - 60 min.

[0015] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the preparation method of the present invention, the mass ratio of water to the powder system is 80 - 120:1.

[0016] The high-strength and highly efficient dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation and its preparation method provided by the present invention have the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0017] 1. The present invention uses small molecule binders to penetrate into the composite three-dimensional cross-linked network structure formed by natural polymer binders, binding aids, and thickeners, increasing the binding performance of the dust suppressant. After being sprayed on the surface of coal dust, it can form a solidified shell layer with sufficient thickness and good earthquake resistance and compressive performance, realizing efficient dust suppression, reducing the loss of coal during railway transportation and the pollution of the environment along the transportation route.

[0018] 2. The present invention has good binding performance, film-forming performance, and consolidation performance, and is a multifunctional composite high-strength and highly efficient dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation. The structure of the solidified layer formed after spraying has high hardness and stable thickness, solving the problems of the existing dust suppressant with a thin solidified layer, easy to break, and forming a wind erosion center; and the preparation method of this dust suppressant is convenient, the components are safe and reliable, do not contain heavy metals and other harmful substances, are pollution-free to the environment, and belong to an environmental protection product.

[0019] 3. The high-strength and highly efficient dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation prepared by the present invention is a light-colored solution, does not agglomerate or precipitate during the dissolution process, does not block the spraying device, and is convenient for large-scale spraying operations. Description of the Drawings

[0020] The accompanying drawings here are incorporated into the specification and form a part of this specification, showing embodiments in line with the present invention and, together with the specification, are used to explain the principles of the present invention.

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a comparison diagram before and after the wind erosion experiment after the high-strength and highly efficient dust suppressant solutions for high-speed railway coal transportation prepared in Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are sprayed onto the surface of the coal dust sample and solidified.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a hardness test diagram of each sample after the high-strength and highly efficient dust suppressant solutions for high-speed railway coal transportation prepared in Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are sprayed onto the surface of the coal dust sample and solidified. Detailed implementation manners

[0024] In order to be able to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the following will further describe the solutions of the present invention. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0025] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to fully understand the present invention, but the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments in the specification are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0026] The present invention provides specific embodiments of a high-strength and highly efficient dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation, which are made of the following components in parts by mass: 30 - 70 parts of natural polymer binder, 20 - 40 parts of small molecule binder, 5 - 15 parts of binder assistant, 1 - 5 parts of thickener, 0.5 - 1 part of surfactant, and water.

[0027] In an embodiment provided by the present invention, the natural polymer binder is one or a mixture of any proportion of linseed gum, sesbania gum, and coumarin gum.

[0028] In an embodiment provided by the present invention, the small molecule binder is one or a mixture of any proportion of anhydrous glucose and dextrin.

[0029] In an embodiment provided by the present invention, the binder assistant is one or a mixture of any proportion of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate.

[0030] In an embodiment provided by the present invention, the thickener is one or a mixture of any proportions of polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.

[0031] In an embodiment provided by the present invention, the surfactant is one or a mixture of any proportions of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, etc.

[0032] The present invention also provides a preparation method of a high-strength and high-efficiency dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation, comprising the following steps:

[0033] (1) Weigh each component according to parts by mass;

[0034] (2) Mix and stir the powders of each component evenly;

[0035] (3) Add water to the uniformly mixed powder system according to the required proportion, and stir until all substances in the system are dissolved evenly; the stirring conditions are 50 - 200 r / min, and the stirring time is 30 - 60 min.

[0036] Preferably, the mass ratio of water to the powder system is 80 - 120:1.

[0037] The following details the specific embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] A preparation method of a high-strength and high-efficiency dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation, comprising the following steps:

[0040] The powder system components of Example 1 include: 0.45 g of flaxseed gum, 0.2 g of anhydrous glucose, 0.2 g of dextrin, 0.12 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.01 g of polyacrylamide, 0.01 g of polyvinyl alcohol, and 0.01 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate.

[0041] Mix and stir the powders of each component evenly, add water to the uniformly mixed powder system, the mass ratio of water to the powder system is 100:1, and stir until all substances in the system are dissolved evenly; the stirring conditions are 200 r / min, and the stirring time is 40 min.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] A preparation method of a high-strength and high-efficiency dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation, comprising the following steps:

[0044] The powder system components of Example 2 include: 0.45 g of flaxseed gum, 0.4 g of anhydrous glucose, 0.12 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.01 g of polyacrylamide, 0.01 g of polyvinyl alcohol, and 0.01 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate.

[0045] Mix the powders of each component evenly by stirring, add water to the evenly mixed powder system, and the mass ratio of water to the powder system is 100:1. Stir until all substances in the system are dissolved evenly; the stirring condition is 200 r / min and the stirring time is 40 min.

[0046] Comparative Example 1

[0047] A preparation method of a dust suppressant, comprising the following steps:

[0048] On the basis of Example 1, remove the small molecule binder components (remove anhydrous glucose and dextrin), and the rest remains unchanged.

[0049] The components of Comparative Example 1 include: 0.45 g of linseed gum, 0.12 g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.01 g of polyacrylamide, 0.01 g of polyvinyl alcohol, and 0.01 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate.

[0050] Mix the powders of each component evenly by stirring, add water to the evenly mixed powder system, and the mass ratio of water to the powder system is 100:1. Stir until all substances in the system are dissolved evenly; the stirring condition is 200 r / min and the stirring time is 40 min.

[0051] Comparative Example 2

[0052] A preparation method of a dust suppressant, comprising the following steps:

[0053] On the basis of Example 1, remove the small molecule binder components (remove anhydrous glucose and dextrin), and replace them with the common macromolecule binder starch, and the rest remains unchanged.

[0054] The components of Comparative Example 2 include: 0.45 g of linseed gum, 0.4 g of starch, 0.12 g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.01 g of polyacrylamide, 0.01 g of polyvinyl alcohol, and 0.01 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate.

[0055] Mix the powders of each component evenly by stirring, add water to the evenly mixed powder system, and the mass ratio of water to the powder system is 100:1. Stir until all substances in the system are dissolved evenly; the stirring condition is 200 r / min and the stirring time is 40 min.

[0056] Compare the dust suppression effects of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 through experiments. Prepare coal samples according to the standard of "Technical Conditions for Dust Suppression in Railway Coal Transportation". Use a standard sieve to screen coal samples with a particle size of 10 - 30 mesh. In an oven, dry at (50 ± 2) °C for 5 hours to remove moisture, and then take it out and place it at room temperature for 1 hour. The dust suppressants of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are directly sprayed on the surface of the coal samples, and the spraying amount is 3.5 L / m2 , the following test data are the averages of three repeated tests.

[0057] ① Test 1

[0058] According to the provisions of TB / T 3210.1-2020 "Technical Conditions for Dust Suppression in Railway Coal Transportation", the measured performance is as follows:

[0059]

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] According to the provisions of TB / T 3210.1-2020 "Technical Conditions for Dust Suppression in Railway Coal Transportation", based on the measurement results, the high-strength dust suppressants prepared in Examples 1 and 2 meet the technical requirements for dust suppression in railway coal transportation.

[0063] ② Test 2

[0064] Referring to the test method specified in TB / T 3210.1-2020 "Technical Conditions for Dust Suppression in Railway Coal Transportation", four culture dishes of the same specification (inner diameter 200 mm, depth 30 mm) were selected, and the net weight of a single culture dish was weighed and recorded as w. Appropriate equal amounts of dried coal samples were taken and placed in each culture dish respectively. The dust suppressants of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were sprayed on the surface of each coal sample at a spraying rate of 3.5 L / m 2 , and left to stand at room temperature for 2 h. Subsequently, the samples were placed in a constant temperature drying oven at 50 °C and dried for 2 h. After taking them out and cooling to room temperature, the masses of each sample (coal sample and culture dish) were weighed respectively, and the total mass of the coal sample and the culture dish was recorded as w1. Then, wind erosion tests were carried out on each sample. The wind speed on the coal layer surface was 23.0 ± 1.0 m / s. After continuous air supply for 10 min, weighing was carried out, and the total mass of the remaining coal sample and the culture dish was recorded as w2. Then, the wind erosion rate η was calculated according to the following formula:

[0065]

[0066] The wind erosion rate is shown in the above table, and the comparison chart before and after the wind erosion experiment is shown in Figure 1By analyzing the results of Test 2, it can be found that after the samples of Examples 1 and 2 were sprayed on the coal seam surface, they had good wind erosion resistance and met the requirements of TB / T 3210.1-2020 "Technical Conditions for Dust Suppression Technology in Railway Coal Transportation". When the sample of Comparative Example 1 was sprayed, due to the lack of structural reinforcement of the system by the small molecule binder component, the binding effect of the system on coal dust was poor, and the coal dust dispersed under the action of wind and could not meet the dust suppression requirements for railway transportation. In the case of Comparative Example 2 using the traditional macromolecular binder, it had a certain binding ability to coal dust and had a certain wind erosion resistance under the action of wind, but its solidified thickness was only 7 mm, and it could not provide a dust suppression shell layer with sufficient strength for railway transportation dust suppression.

[0067] ③ Test 3

[0068] Referring to the test method specified in TB / T 3210.1-2020 "Technical Conditions for Dust Suppression Technology in Railway Coal Transportation", 4 culture dishes of the same specification (inner diameter 200 mm, depth 30 mm) were selected. Appropriate equal amounts of dried coal samples were taken and placed in each culture dish respectively, so that the surface of the coal samples was basically flush with the culture dish. Spraying at a spraying rate of 3.5 L / m 2 respectively and equally corresponding spraying the dust suppressants of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 on the surfaces of each coal sample, standing at room temperature for 2 h, and then putting the samples into a constant temperature drying oven at 50 °C for drying for 2 h. After taking out and cooling to room temperature, the surface solidification hardness was measured using a Type A Shore hardness tester, and the results are shown in Figure 2 and the following table:

[0069] Project Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Hardness / HA 71 69 38 43

[0070] By analyzing the results of Test 3, it can be found that for Comparative Example 1, due to the lack of reinforcement with small molecule binders, the binding ability was significantly insufficient, and the hardness of the shell layer after drying was only 38 HA. For Comparative Example 2, using the traditional macromolecular binder to replace the small molecule binder, although it had a certain binding ability, the dust suppressant with high viscosity had poorer permeability and could not form an effective thickness of the dust suppression shell layer, unable to meet the dust suppression requirements for railway transportation. After the samples of Examples 1 and 2 were sprayed on the coal seam surface, they had relatively high hardness after complete solidification. This shows that the solidified layer formed by the dust suppressant proposed in the present invention has high strength and high hardness, can effectively reduce the generation of wind erosion centers during railway transportation, and thus prevent the dispersion of coal dust during transportation.

[0071] Therefore, using the dust suppressant provided by the present invention can effectively solve the problems in the use of existing dust suppressants, such as thin solidified layers, easy breakage, and formation of wind erosion centers, meet the dust suppression requirements for railway coal transportation, and have good social benefits and considerable economic benefits.

[0072] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present invention. Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments, and they should all be covered by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-strength and highly efficient dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation, characterized in that, It is made of the following components in parts by mass: 30-70 parts of natural polymer binder, 20-40 parts of small molecule binder, 5-15 parts of binder aid, 1-5 parts of thickener, 0.5-1 part of surfactant and water.

2. The high-strength and highly efficient dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that The natural polymer binder is one or more of flaxseed gum, sesbania gum, and coumarin gum in any proportion mixture.

3. The high-strength and highly efficient dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The small molecule binder is one or more of anhydrous glucose and dextrin in any proportion mixture.

4. The high-strength and highly efficient railway coal high-speed transportation dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The binder aid is one or more of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate in any proportion mixture.

5. The high-strength and highly efficient dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickener is one or more of polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol in any proportion mixture.

6. The high-strength and highly efficient dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation according to claim 1, wherein The surfactant is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate in any proportion mixture.

7. The preparation method of the high-strength and highly efficient dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Weigh each component according to parts by mass; (2) Mix and stir the component powders evenly; (3) Add water to the evenly mixed powder system in the required proportion and stir until all substances in the system are dissolved evenly; the stirring conditions are 50-200 r / min and the stirring time is 30-60 min.

8. The preparation method of the high-strength and highly efficient dust suppressant for high-speed railway coal transportation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mass ratio of water to the powder system is 80-120:1.

Images