Desertified soil conditioner as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a sandy soil conditioner as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. Comprising the following components in parts by weight: 1.8 parts of fish meal, 0.7 part of brown sugar, 1.1 parts of corn flour or wheat flour and 0.05 part of complex microbial inoculants. The sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention can improve a soil flora structure, so that the number of florae beneficial to soil nutrients is increased, and florae not beneficial to plant nutrients are reduced. The number of the treatment groups and the number of the blank groups are 390, the specific number of the treatment groups is 242, the specific number of the blank groups is 187, the specific number of the treated soil is increased, the variety of soil flora is increased, and the diversity of soil microorganisms is improved. Rich microbial communities can promote the formation of soil aggregate structures, improve the water and fertilizer retention capability of soil and reduce the occurrence of soil desertification phenomena.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular to a desertified soil conditioner and its preparation method and application. Background Art

[0002] Shrubs such as Nitraria tangutorum, Atriplex canescens, Haloxylon ammodendron, and Tamarix chinensis have become pioneer plants for the treatment of desertified land and the sustainable development of the desert industry due to their ecological and economic dual-use characteristics. These plants have extremely strong drought tolerance, salt tolerance, and sandstorm resistance capabilities, can grow in harsh sandy environments, play a role in wind prevention and sand fixation, and soil improvement. At the same time, their fruits, branches, and leaves also have certain economic utilization values. In addition, these plants can also be used as hosts for medicinal plants such as Cistanche deserticola and Cynomorium songaricum.

[0003] Sandy soil is barren and has low water and fertilizer retention capabilities, and soil improvement measures need to be taken to promote plant growth. For the improvement of desertified soil, physical methods such as mechanical sand fixation and setting up sand barriers can quickly fix drifting sand, but they are costly and easily affected by environmental factors, and the treatment effect is not stable enough. Chemical methods improve the structure and properties of desertified soil by applying chemical conditioners, but chemical conditioners may cause secondary pollution to the soil environment, and the long-term effect is limited. Biological methods use organisms such as plants and microorganisms and their metabolites to treat desertified soil, which have the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness, and strong sustainability, and have gradually become a research and application hotspot.

[0004] At present, certain progress has been made in the treatment of desertified soil by biological methods, but there are still some deficiencies. For example, when relying solely on planting plants to treat desertified soil, affected by various stress factors such as soil and climate, the survival rate and growth rate of plants in the initial growth stage are limited, and the treatment cycle is relatively long; while the effect of treating desertified soil by microorganisms is greatly affected by environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, and the effect is not stable enough when applied alone. In addition, existing biological treatment methods often lack systematicness and synergy, and do not fully exert the comprehensive effects of various biological factors such as plants and microorganisms, resulting in the treatment effect not reaching the best.

[0005] In summary, existing desertified soil treatment methods still have room for improvement in terms of cost, effect, environmental impact, etc., and there is a need to further develop an efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly method for multi-biological synergistic treatment to meet the actual application requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a desertified soil conditioner and its preparation method and application to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The present invention provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner and its preparation method, using fish meal as the main raw material and microbial fermentation as the means to ferment and synthesize a soil conditioner.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is a desertified soil conditioner, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 1.8 parts of fish meal, 0.7 part of brown sugar, 1.1 part of corn flour or wheat flour, and 0.05 part of compound microbial agent.

[0009] Another technical solution of the present invention is a preparation method of the desertified soil conditioner, which is to mix and ferment fish meal, brown sugar, corn flour or wheat flour, and compound microbial agent.

[0010] Another technical solution of the present invention is the application of the desertified soil conditioner in the improvement of desertified soil.

[0011] Another technical solution of the present invention is a method for improving desertified soil, which is to treat desertified soil with the desertified soil conditioner.

[0012] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0013] The desertified soil conditioner provided by the present invention can improve the soil flora structure, increase the number of flora beneficial to soil nutrients, and reduce the flora unfavorable to plant nutrients. There are 390 common genera between the treatment group and the blank group, 242 unique genera in the treatment group, and 187 unique genera in the blank group. After treatment, the unique genera in the soil increase and the types of soil flora increase, improving the diversity of soil microorganisms. The rich microbial community can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, and reduce the occurrence of soil desertification. Description of the Drawings

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art can obtain other drawings without creative efforts based on these drawings.

[0015] Figure 1 It is a bar chart of the species abundance of microorganisms in the soil of the fermentation broth addition group and the blank group at the phylum level.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a pie chart of the species abundance of microorganisms in the soil of the fermentation broth addition group and the blank group at the phylum level.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a bar chart of the species abundance of microorganisms in the soil of the fermentation broth addition group and the blank group at the family level.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a pie chart of the species abundance of microorganisms in the soil of the fermentation broth addition group and the blank group at the family level.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a Venn diagram of species classification showing the number of common and unique species in the group with fermentation broth added and the blank group at the genus level. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] The various exemplary implementation manners of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics, and implementation schemes of the present invention.

[0021] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not used to limit the present invention. Additionally, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0023] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific implementation manners of the description of the present invention, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other implementation manners obtained from the description of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The description and examples of this application are only exemplary.

[0024] Regarding "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. used herein, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0025] The technical solutions described in the present invention are all conventional solutions in the art unless otherwise specified. The reagents or raw materials used are all purchased from commercial channels or have been made public unless otherwise specified.

[0026] An embodiment of the present invention provides a sandy soil conditioner, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.8 parts of fish meal, 0.7 parts of brown sugar, 1.1 parts of corn flour or wheat flour, and 0.05 parts of compound bacterial agent.

[0027] In some specific embodiments, the compound microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, lactic acid bacteria, and EM bacteria in a mass ratio of 2:2:0.5:1.

[0028] The organic substances (such as fish meal, brown sugar, corn flour, or wheat flour) in the desertified soil conditioner of the present invention can combine with sandy soil particles to form stable soil aggregates, thereby enhancing the aggregation and stability of the soil. Sucrose in brown sugar can be decomposed into glucose and fructose. After these sugar substances are fermented and decomposed by soil microorganisms, the organic matter content of the soil can be increased, and further the water retention capacity of the soil can be improved. This is particularly important for sandy soil because sandy soil itself has poor water retention capacity and is prone to drying. Fish meal, brown sugar, and corn flour or wheat flour all contain rich organic matter and trace elements, and these components can provide sufficient nutrients for the soil and improve the soil fertility. The microorganisms in the compound microbial agent can decompose organic matter and release nutrients, providing a more favorable soil environment for crop growth. Brown sugar and other organic substances can adjust the pH value of the soil to make it more suitable for the growth requirements of crops. This is an important improvement effect for sandy soil because the pH value of sandy soil is often prone to imbalance.

[0029] Bacillus subtilis has significant nitrogen fixation and phosphorus solubilization abilities, can improve the soil environment, and promote the healthy growth of crops. It can also produce various active substances, such as antibacterial peptides, chitinase, etc., and these substances play an important role in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and reducing plant diseases. Trichoderma harzianum is a biological control bacterium and has excellent control effects on fungal diseases of crops. It can continuously grow on the roots and leaves of crops to build a protective barrier and effectively block the invasion of diseases. At the same time, Trichoderma harzianum also plays an important role in promoting root growth and protecting roots. Lactic acid bacteria, as part of EM bacteria, help to adjust the soil pH value and promote the diversity and activity of soil microorganisms. EM bacteria is a mixed microbial agent containing various microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeasts, and Bacillus spp. It can improve the soil, promote the rooting and strong seedlings of crops, increase production and improve quality, and effectively prevent and inhibit pests and diseases. The synergistic effect of EM bacteria with Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum can further enhance the biological activity of the soil.

[0030] In summary, the compound microbial agent composed of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, lactic acid bacteria, and EM bacteria plays an important role in the desertified soil conditioner. Through the synergistic effect of microorganisms, it further enhances the soil improvement effect, promotes the growth and development of crops, and achieves the goals of environmental protection and safety.

[0031] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a preparation method of the desertified soil conditioner, which is to mix and ferment fish meal, brown sugar, corn flour or wheat flour, and the compound microbial agent.

[0032] In some specific embodiments, the conditions for the mixed fermentation are as follows: 0.5 part of potassium fulvate is added during the fermentation process, the fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 16 - 20 °C for 7 - 20 days, and an oxygenator with a power of 1100 watts is used during the fermentation period, working 4 hours per day.

[0033] The embodiment of the present invention also provides the application of the sandy soil conditioner in the improvement of sandy soil.

[0034] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for improving sandy soil, using the sandy soil conditioner to treat the sandy soil.

[0035] In some specific embodiments, the method for treating the sandy soil is as follows: the sandy soil conditioner is applied to the soil around the roots of sandy land plants in the form of drip irrigation, applied 4 times a year, once every 2 months, and the dosage per time is 1.67×10 5 L / mu.

[0036] In this example, Bacillus subtilis was purchased from Hunan Qinong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Trichoderma harzianum was purchased from Hunan Qinong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lactobacillus was purchased from Henan Wobao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and EM bacteria were purchased from Henan Wobao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A sandy soil conditioner is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.8 parts of fish meal, 0.7 part of brown sugar, 1.1 parts of corn flour, and 0.05 part of compound bacteria (composed of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Lactobacillus, and EM bacteria in a mass ratio of 2:2:0.5:1).

[0039] After mixing the above materials evenly, start adding them to an open fermentation tank (with a diameter of 5 m and a height of 1.45 m) in March for fermentation. During the fermentation period, connect an oxygenation pump to the fermentation tank (using an oxygenator with a power of 1100 watts, working 4 hours per day) to facilitate the acceleration of the fermentation of the fermentation broth. Fermentation for 15 - 20 days is required (when the sunshine time is short, add 0.5 part of potassium fulvate to accelerate the temperature rise of the fermentation broth) to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] A sandy soil conditioner is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.8 parts of fish meal, 0.7 part of brown sugar, 1.1 parts of wheat flour, and 0.05 part of compound bacteria (composed of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Lactobacillus, and EM bacteria in a mass ratio of 2:2:0.5:1).

[0042] After mixing the above materials evenly, start adding them to an open fermentation tank (with a diameter of 5 m and a height of 1.45 m) in March (at a temperature of 18 ± 2 °C) for fermentation. During fermentation, connect an aeration pump to the fermentation tank (using an oxygenator with a power of 1100 watts, working 4 hours a day) to facilitate the acceleration of fermentation of the fermentation broth. Fermentation takes 15 - 20 days (when the sunshine time is short, potassium fulvate can be added to accelerate the temperature rise of the fermentation broth) to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0043] Effect Example

[0044] 1 During the growth period of Atriplex canescens, starting from April, the soil conditioner fermented in Example 1 was used to deliver the fermentation broth to the field through the drip irrigation tape (with a dripper spacing of 30 cm) laid in the plot. The fermentation broth was dripped 4 times a year, once every 2 months. Each time, it was dripped for about 5 - 6 hours. One dripper could drip about 30 L, and the depth could reach 1 m. The dosage of the soil conditioner each time was 1.67×10 5 L / acre.

[0045] Each time when dripping the fermentation broth, 1 / 2 of the fermentation broth should be reserved in the fermentation tank to reserve the bacterial strains for the next fermentation.

[0046] Once a year after the beginning of spring, 0.3 kg of Beauveria bassiana was applied per acre to prevent pests.

[0047] Soil samples were taken as the treatment group within the vertical distance of 0 - 20 cm near the plant roots (below the dripper of the drip irrigation pipe), and soil samples were taken from the blank bare sandy land between two rows of plants as the control group. Three samples were taken repeatedly for the treatment group and the control group and brought back to the laboratory to detect the physical and chemical properties of the soil and at the same time detect the soil microorganisms.

[0048] 2 Test Results

[0049] 2.1 The test results of the physical and chemical properties of the soil are shown in Table 1.

[0050] Table 1

[0051]

[0052] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the control group, the soil salt content in the treatment group was significantly reduced, indicating that this soil conditioner is helpful for the improvement of saline-alkali land; the increase in the ammonium nitrogen content indicates that this soil conditioner provides a more suitable living environment for microorganisms, enhances the activity of microorganisms, and accelerates the decomposition and mineralization of nitrogen-containing organic matter, thus increasing the ammonium nitrogen content.

[0053] 2.2 The test results of the soil microorganisms are shown in Figures 1 to 5 .

[0054] Based on the analysis of species taxonomic composition and abundance, compared with the soil without the addition of fermentation broth, the addition of fermentation broth significantly increased the abundances of Proteobacteria, Planctomycetota, Patescibacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Myxomycota, etc. at the phylum level. Among them, the bacteria under the phylum Planctomycetota are usually called anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria, which can use ammonia as an electron donor and nitrite as an electron acceptor under anoxic conditions and also have an important impact on the global nitrogen cycle. Myxomycota can ingest rotten wood and leaf debris, accelerating decomposition.

[0055] The abundances of Deinococcota, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteria decreased. Among them, Deinococcota can survive in extreme environments, such as under high-dose radiation and oxidative stress conditions. Chloroflexi is a type of bacteria that generates energy through photosynthesis but does not produce oxygen and cannot fix nitrogen. The decrease in Acidobacteriota is probably due to the change in soil pH, and the soil shows alkalinity.

[0056] It can be seen from this that the addition of fermentation broth changed the microbial community structure, increasing the number of microbial communities beneficial to soil nutrients and decreasing those unfavorable to plant nutrients; it also changed the soil pH, and the soil showed alkalinity.

[0057] Bacillus subtilis in the fermentation broth can be retained in the soil in both the control group and the treatment group and is a stable microbial community. This bacterium can utilize proteins, various sugars, and starch, and decompose tryptophan to form indole. It is widely distributed in soil and decaying organic matter. The active substances such as subtilin, polymyxin, nystatin, and gramicidin produced during the growth of the bacterial cells have obvious inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacteria or opportunistic pathogenic bacteria causing endogenous infections.

[0058] Bacillus subtilis can achieve the purpose of biological control by successfully colonizing the rhizosphere, surface or inside of plants, competing with pathogenic bacteria for nutrients around plants, secreting antibacterial substances to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and at the same time inducing the plant defense system to resist the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. Bacillus subtilis can mainly inhibit a variety of plant diseases caused by plant pathogenic bacteria such as filamentous fungi. Currently reported Bacillus subtilis strains isolated and screened from the rhizosphere soil, root surface, plants and leaves of crops have antagonistic effects against numerous fungal and bacterial diseases of different crops. Such as sheath blight and rice blast in food crops, wheat sheath blight, and root rot in legumes. Among vegetable diseases, tomato leaf disease, fusarium wilt, cucumber fusarium wilt, downy mildew, eggplant gray mold and powdery mildew, pepper blight, etc. Bacillus subtilis can also control various postharvest fruit diseases such as apple core rot, citrus green mold, nectarine brown rot, strawberry gray mold and powdery mildew, banana wilt, crown rot, anthracnose, apple-pear green mold, black spot, canker, and golden pear fruit rot. In addition, Bacillus subtilis also has good control effects on poplar canker, rot, tree black spot and anthracnose, tea zonate spot, tobacco anthracnose, black shank, red star pathogen, root rot, cotton damping-off, fusarium wilt, etc.

[0059] The bacterial abundance of Comamonadaceae in the soil with the addition of fermentation broth increased. It is widely distributed in various environments, including water and soil. Bacteria in this family play an important role in the ecosystem and are involved in the decomposition and cycling of organic matter. The abundance of Vicinamibacteraceae decreased. It mainly inhabits acidic soil environments, showing specificity to acidic soils.

[0060] It can be seen from this that the addition of fermentation broth increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial groups; changed the soil pH, and the soil tended to be alkaline.

[0061] From the perspective of Venn diagram analysis, there are 390 genera in common between the treatment group and the blank group, 242 genera unique to the treatment group, and 187 genera unique to the blank group. After treatment, the number of unique genera in the soil increased and the types of soil flora increased, enhancing the diversity of soil microorganisms.

[0062] 2.3 The effects of the fermented soil conditioner in Example 1 on plant growth are shown in Table 2.

[0063] Table 2

[0064]

[0065] As can be seen from Table 2, in the sandy land planted with Atriplex canescens and Nitraria tangutorum, drip irrigation with fermentation broth was used, and the growth of plants was investigated in autumn. The results showed that the fermentation broth had an obvious promoting effect on the growth of sandy land plants.

[0066] Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, rather than limitations on the implementation manners of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation manners here. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sandy soil conditioner, characterized in that, Comprising the following components in parts by weight: 1.8 parts of fish meal, 0.7 part of brown sugar, 1.1 part of corn flour or wheat flour, and 0.05 part of compound microbial agent.

2. The desertified soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein The compound microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Lactobacillus, and EM bacteria in a mass ratio of 2:2:0.5:

1.

3. The preparation method of the sandy soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Mix and ferment the fish meal, brown sugar, corn flour or wheat flour, and compound microbial agent.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The conditions for the mixed fermentation are as follows: 0.5 part of potassium humate is added during the fermentation process, the fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 16 - 20 °C for 7 - 20 days, and an aerator with a power of 1100 watts is used during the fermentation period, working 4 hours per day.

5. The application of the sandy soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2 in the improvement of sandy soil.

6. A method for improving desertified soil, characterized in that, Treat the sandy soil with the sandy soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2.

7. The improved method according to claim 6, wherein The method for treating desertified soil is as follows: applying the desertified soil conditioner to the soil around the roots of sandy land plants in the form of drip irrigation, applying it 4 times a year, once every 2 months, and the dosage per time is 1.67×10 5 L / mu.

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