Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim tea fermentation device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim tea fermentation, and particularly relates to a trichosanthes kirilowii maxim tea fermentation device which comprises a fermentation tank, a spraying area, a tea leaf fermentation area, a trichosanthes kirilowii maxim fermentation area and a fermentation liquor collection area are sequentially arranged in the fermentation tank from top to bottom, an outer circulation device is arranged outside the fermentation tank, the spraying area sprays fermentation liquor to the tea leaf fermentation area, and the tea leaf fermentation area sprays the fermentation liquor to the fermentation liquor collection area. And fermentation liquor seeping from the trichosanthes kirilowii maxim fermentation area flows to the fermentation liquor collection area. The tea leaves and the trichosanthes kirilowii maxim material can be fermented at the same time, and the fermented trichosanthes kirilowii maxim tea has richer taste; a fermentation inoculant used for fermentation can be used for fermentation of the tea leaves and the trichosanthes kirilowii maxim materials at the same time, on the basis that 100% fermentation of the tea leaves is guaranteed, effective components of the fermented trichosanthes kirilowii maxim materials are made to ferment the tea leaves again with fermentation liquor as a medium to the maximum extent, and therefore the health-care effect of the trichosanthes kirilowii maxim tea is remarkably improved; the snakegourd fruit tea is good in high-temperature and high-humidity resistance and longer in shelf life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. tea fermentation, and particularly relates to a Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. tea fermentation device. Background Art

[0002] Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. is a Chinese medicinal material. This product is the fruit of the Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. plant of the Cucurbitaceae family. It is harvested at the end of autumn when the fruit turns light yellow and is hung in a ventilated place to dry in the shade. The functions and indications are: clearing away heat and eliminating phlegm, widening the chest and dissipating stasis, and moistening the intestines. It is used for lung heat cough, thick yellow phlegm, chest impediment pain, breast abscess, lung abscess, and intestinal abscess swelling and pain.

[0003] Based on the physical and chemical properties and functionality of the bioactive components such as polysaccharides, starches, proteins, oils, and sterol compounds in Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., green and healthy Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. products can be developed. For example, tea products rich in Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. sterol compounds can be simply called Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. tea.

[0004] At present, most of the related technologies for Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. tea use Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. green leaves and conventional tea tree leaves for fermentation to make tea. For example, the "A lightly fermented Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. flower tea and its preparation method" disclosed in the publication (announcement) number CN102613358B. It picks fresh young shoots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., allows it to naturally lose moisture, then undergoes rolling, shaping, light fermentation, drying, shaking green, and firing processes to obtain the tea embryo, and then mixes it with freshly picked flowers to be scented in proportion for scenting. After the fermented tea embryo and the flowers are scented, it naturally cools to room temperature, and then it is graded and packaged into finished products. The lightly fermented Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. flower tea of the present invention has functions such as warming the stomach, nourishing the stomach, promoting fat metabolism in the blood, helping digestion and relieving greasiness, clearing heat, relieving summer heat, promoting diuresis and detoxifying, activating blood circulation and removing stasis, and so on.

[0005] Another example is the "A Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. tea and its preparation method" disclosed in the publication (announcement) number CN102228114B, which is processed from natural young shoots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. The raw materials are picked and pretreated - enzyme killing and color fixing - shaping - initial drying and fragrance setting - spreading - additional fragrance - pressing and re-drying - piling and aging - re-re-drying and ripening - cooling and packaging. The Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. tea of the present invention has obvious functions of sobering up and helping digestion, and also has the effect of dispelling cold toxins.

[0006] Existing Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. tea is made by fermenting the green leaves of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. or using materials such as the roots, pulp, peel, and seed meal of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. for fermentation. This is very difficult technically because the taste of these Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. materials after fermentation is poor. Especially the roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. after fermentation have a sour and astringent taste. Therefore, even when making tea by fermenting with materials like the roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. and green leaves, after fermentation, it is necessary to pick out the materials such as the roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., leaving only the fermented tea leaves. However, it was found in the fermentation experiment that when fermenting by mixing materials such as the roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. and green leaves, it greatly affects the fermentation of the tea. Because even if the roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. are sliced, the pulp of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. will cover the green leaves, resulting in uneven fermentation and uneven damage to the internal structure of the tea leaves, further affecting the taste of the tea soup. For example, over-fermentation may cause the color of the tea leaves to be too dark, the aroma to be dull, and even the appearance of musty or strange smells; insufficient fermentation will make the color of the tea leaves not moist, the aroma not pure, and the taste astringent and lacking freshness.

[0007] If the materials such as the roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. are fermented alone and then mixed, the beneficial active substances (such as Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. sterol compounds) produced during the fermentation of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. cannot enter the tea leaves, and all the materials such as the roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. after fermentation need to be picked out before forming the final tea product, otherwise it will affect the taste of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. tea and the market acceptance is extremely low.

[0008] Based on this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fermentation device for Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. tea to solve the above problems.

[0010] A fermentation device for Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. tea includes a fermentation tank. The top of the fermentation tank is provided with a top opening. Inside the fermentation tank, a spraying area, a tea leaf fermentation area, a Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. fermentation area, and a fermentation liquid collection area are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. An external circulation device is arranged outside the fermentation tank to transport the fermentation liquid in the fermentation liquid collection area to the spraying area. The spraying area sprays the fermentation liquid onto the tea leaf fermentation area. The tea leaf fermentation area contains the tea leaves to be fermented inoculated with a fermentation agent. The fermentation liquid seeping out from the tea leaf fermentation area flows to the Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. fermentation area. The Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. fermentation area contains the Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. materials to be fermented inoculated with a fermentation agent. The fermentation liquid seeping out from the Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. fermentation area flows to the fermentation liquid collection area.

[0011] For further improvement, the spraying area includes a liquid tank, and a plurality of nozzles are arranged at the bottom of the liquid tank.

[0012] For further improvement, the external circulation device includes an external pipe, a centrifugal pump, and a valve. The tail end of the external pipe is communicated with the fermentation liquid collection area, and the head end of the external pipe is communicated with the liquid tank; the centrifugal pump and the valve are both installed on the external pipe.

[0013] Further improvement: The tea fermentation area includes a first support and a first high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter box located on the first support. The first high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter box includes a first box body. A plurality of first liquid holes are provided at the bottom of the first box body. Inside the first box body, there is a spiral first spring sheet coil and an ultrasonic oscillator located in the center of the first spring sheet coil. The ultrasonic oscillator is fixedly connected to the inner ring end of the first spring sheet coil. The outer ring end of the first spring sheet coil is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first box body. A filter plate is fixedly installed at the top of the first box body. First filter holes are provided on the surface of the filter plate. Rubber particles are also filled inside the first box body. The tea leaves to be fermented inoculated with a fermentation agent are placed on the filter plate.

[0014] Further improvement: The trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area includes a second support and a second high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter box located on the second support. The second high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter box includes a second box body. A plurality of second liquid holes are provided at the bottom of the second box body. Inside the second box body, there is a spiral second spring sheet coil, a megasonic oscillator located in the center of the second spring sheet coil, and a magnetic sleeve sleeved outside the megasonic oscillator. The lower end of the megasonic oscillator is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second box body. A rod-shaped electromagnet is embedded on one side of the megasonic oscillator. When the electromagnet is energized, it generates a magnetic force repulsive to the magnetic sleeve. The inner ring end of the second spring sheet coil is fixedly connected to the magnetic sleeve. The outer ring end of the second spring sheet coil is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second box body. A filter screen is provided at the top of the second box body. Second filter holes are provided on the surface of the filter screen. The filter screen is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fermentation tank. The upper end of the megasonic oscillator is fixedly connected to the middle of the filter screen. The trichosanthes kirilowii material to be fermented inoculated with a fermentation agent is placed on the filter screen.

[0015] Further improvement: The ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic oscillator is 32 - 33 kHz, and the megasonic frequency of the megasonic oscillator is 2.6 MHz.

[0016] Further improvement: The volume of the inner cavity of the first box body is y, the total volume of all rubber particles is x, and the filling rate of the rubber particles is z = x / y, where 22% ≤ z ≤ 28%. The particle size of the rubber particles is 5 - 5.6 mm. The density of the rubber particles is less than that of water. The surface porosity of the rubber particles is 18% - 22%. The aperture of the first filter hole is smaller than that of the first liquid hole. The aperture of the first filter hole is 3.5 - 4 mm, the aperture of the second filter hole is 2 - 2.5 mm, and the aperture of the second liquid hole is larger than that of the second filter hole.

[0017] Further improvement: The fermentation agent is Candida etchellsii, Aspergillus niger, Micrococcus luteus, and Pediococcus acidilactici. The inoculation amount of Candida etchellsii is 1.8%, the inoculation amount of Aspergillus niger is 1.2%, the inoculation amount of Micrococcus luteus is 0.6%, and the inoculation amount of Pediococcus acidilactici is 0.3%.

[0018] For further improvement, support blocks for supporting the second bracket and the first bracket are also installed on the inner wall of the fermentation tank.

[0019] For further improvement, a first feed inlet corresponding to the tea fermentation area, a first cover for sealing the first feed inlet, a second feed inlet corresponding to the trichosanthes kirilowii maxim fermentation area, and a second cover for sealing the second feed inlet are provided on one side of the fermentation tank.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. By using the trichosanthes kirilowii maxim tea fermentation device of the present invention, tea and trichosanthes kirilowii maxim materials can be fermented simultaneously. The obtained trichosanthes kirilowii maxim tea has a richer taste, with a slightly sweet, slightly astringent but not bitter or sour taste, balanced with the sweetness, and provides a good tea-drinking experience.

[0022] 2. The fermentation bacterium agent of the present invention can be used for the fermentation of both tea and trichosanthes kirilowii maxim materials. On the basis of ensuring 100% fermentation of tea, the active ingredients after fermentation of the trichosanthes kirilowii maxim materials can re-ferment the tea through the fermentation liquid as a medium to significantly improve the health care effect of the trichosanthes kirilowii maxim tea.

[0023] 3. The trichosanthes kirilowii maxim tea fermented by the trichosanthes kirilowii maxim tea fermentation device of the present invention is resistant to high temperature and high humidity and has a longer shelf life.

[0024] 4. After the fermentation is completed, the fermentation liquid can be used to ferment broad beans. The slightly fermented broad beans obtained by fermentation can be used to raise crispy grass carp, which can effectively reduce the amount of broad beans used and shorten the crisping treatment time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the trichosanthes kirilowii maxim tea fermentation device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is an internal schematic diagram of the first high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter box of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is an internal schematic diagram of the second high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter box of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 is a curve graph of the megahertz frequency and the under-fermentation time. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more; the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0032] Embodiment 1

[0033] As Figure 1 shown, the Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. tea fermentation device includes a fermentation tank 10. A top opening 19 is provided at the top of the fermentation tank 10. Inside the fermentation tank 10, a spraying area, a tea fermentation area, a Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. fermentation area, and a fermentation liquid collection area are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. An external circulation device for transporting the fermentation liquid in the fermentation liquid collection area to the spraying area is provided outside the fermentation tank 10. The spraying area sprays the fermentation liquid onto the tea fermentation area. The tea fermentation area contains the tea leaves to be fermented inoculated with a fermentation agent. The fermentation liquid seeping out from the tea fermentation area flows to the Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. fermentation area. The Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. fermentation area contains the Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. material to be fermented inoculated with a fermentation agent. The fermentation liquid seeping out from the Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. fermentation area flows to the fermentation liquid collection area.

[0034] In the initial stage, the top opening 19 can be opened to pour water into the fermentation tank 10; afterwards, if it is to ferment black tea, a sterilization filter screen (with a pore size of 2 - 3 mm) can be placed at the top opening 19 to start fermentation. The sterilization filter screen mainly controls the flow rate of oxygen entering the fermentation tank.

[0035] During the fermentation process, if water replenishment is required, water can be replenished by connecting an external water pump to the top opening 19. The fermentable trichosanthes material refers to one or several of trichosanthes peel, trichosanthes seeds, and trichosanthes root. Among them, the trichosanthes peel needs to be cut into pieces, and the trichosanthes root needs to be sliced. The fermentable trichosanthes material and the fermentable tea leaves are fermented in a non-mixed and partitioned manner. On the one hand, it is convenient for the fermented tea leaves to be used in subsequent tea-making processes; on the other hand, the tea leaves are processed leaves, and the trichosanthes material is pieces of fruit peel, nuts, and sliced roots. Through a large number of experiments, it is found that the two cannot be mixed for fermentation, which will seriously cause some tea leaves to be incompletely fermented, and the fermented tea leaves will be astringent, bitter, and numb, and cannot be used for tea drinking.

[0036] After fermentation is completed, the fermented tea leaves and the fermented trichosanthes material are taken out respectively. The fermented trichosanthes material can be used for other purposes. The fermented tea leaves are dried to obtain trichosanthes tea.

[0037] The fermentation process of the present invention:

[0038] The first stage: Start the external circulation device, and the fermentation liquid is circulated and impregnated for 2 h, and the fermentation temperature is 30 - 35 °C;

[0039] The second stage: Shut down the external circulation device. The fermentation liquid exuded from the tea leaf fermentation area and the trichosanthes fermentation area finally flows to the fermentation liquid collection area to converge, and the fermentation temperature is 25 - 30 °C for 4 h;

[0040] The third stage: Start the external circulation device, and the fermentation liquid is circulated and impregnated for 2 h, and the fermentation temperature is 30 - 35 °C.

[0041] During the above fermentation process, the environment where the tea leaf fermentation area is located is the same as the conventional fermentation process, and the oxygen content above it is close to the oxygen content in the air. However, the oxygen content above the trichosanthes fermentation area is significantly less than the oxygen content above the tea leaf fermentation area. Especially in the second stage, the oxygen content difference is more obvious. The difference between the oxygen content above the trichosanthes fermentation area and the oxygen content above the tea leaf fermentation area reaches more than 5%. Through experiments, it is found that this environment is more suitable for fermenting the trichosanthes material with the special fermentation bacterium agent of the present invention.

[0042] The conventional fermentation process: Inoculate the fermented bacterium agent on the rolled leaves after rolling, and ferment at 25 - 35 °C and a relative humidity of 95% for 9 h to obtain fermented tea leaves. The fermented tea leaves are dried to a moisture content of 6 ± 0.5% to obtain black tea 1.

[0043] The mixed fermentation process: Inoculate the fermented bacterium agent on the sliced trichosanthes root after rolling, and ferment at 25 - 35 °C and a relative humidity of 95% for 12 h to obtain fermented trichosanthes. The fermented tea leaves and the fermented trichosanthes are mixed and stirred and left standing for 1 h, then the fermented trichosanthes is picked out and dried to a moisture content of 6 ± 0.5% to obtain black tea 2.

[0044] Comparative fermentation process 1: Compared with the fermentation process of the present invention, the tea fermentation area and the trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area are arranged side by side, not vertically. They are separated by a filter screen in the middle. The collected fermentation broth is sprayed on both the tea fermentation area and the trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area at the same time, and the rest are the same. Finally, black tea 3 is obtained.

[0045] Comparative fermentation process 2: Compared with the fermentation process of the present invention, the tea fermentation area is located below the trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area, and the rest are the same. Finally, black tea 4 is obtained.

[0046] In the present invention, by screening a special fermentation bacterium agent, it can be made to be applicable to the fermentation of both tea and trichosanthes kirilowii materials at the same time. On the basis of ensuring 100% fermentation of tea, the active ingredients after fermentation of the trichosanthes kirilowii materials are impregnated into the tea in the form of fermentation broth to the greatest extent and fermented again, thereby significantly improving the health care effect of the trichosanthes kirilowii tea.

[0047] Trichosantherdiol (CAS: 118117-31-0, molecular formula: C 30 H 48 O2) mainly exists in the seeds of plants of the genus Trichosanthes or the pericarp / flesh of trichosanthes kirilowii, and has pharmacological effects such as anti-hypoxia and anti-myocardial ischemia.

[0048] Therefore, taking trichosantherdiol as the detection index, the existing black tea obtained by fermentation is detected and no trichosantherdiol component is detected.

[0049] The content of trichosantherdiol in tea was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the results are shown in Table 1:

[0050] Table 1

[0051] Content of trichosanic diol (‰) Tea flavor Trichosanthes kirilowii tea 0.375 With slightly sweet, slightly astringent but not bitter or sour, balanced with sweetness Black tea 1 Not detected Slightly bitter and astringent but with a hint of sweetness Black tea 2 0.014 Bitter without sweetness Black tea 3 0.030 Slightly sour Black tea 4 0.009 Very bitter and with a hint of putrid smell

[0052] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with single fermentation, or mixing the fermented trichosanthes kirilowii materials with the fermented tea and then standing still, fishing out, draining, and drying; in the present invention, the fermentation broth in the fermentation process is continuously circulated to impregnate the tea to be fermented and the trichosanthes kirilowii materials to be fermented. By using a special fermentation bacterium agent and controlling the different oxygen contents in the tea fermentation area and the trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area, the finally fermented trichosanthes kirilowii tea has the flavor of tea and effective active ingredients such as sterol compounds contained in trichosanthes kirilowii itself, effectively enhancing the nutritional and health care effects of the tea. In addition, the trichosanthes kirilowii materials are rich in sugar, and more flavor components can be produced during the fermentation process, making the trichosanthes kirilowii tea have a more rich taste and a good tea-drinking experience.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] In Example 1, the spraying area includes a liquid tank 20, and a plurality of nozzles 21 are arranged at the bottom of the liquid tank 20.

[0055] The outer circulation device includes an outer pipe 16, a centrifugal pump 17, and a valve 18. The tail end of the outer pipe 16 communicates with the fermentation liquid collection area, and the head end of the outer pipe 16 communicates with the liquid tank 20. The centrifugal pump 17 and the valve 18 are both installed on the outer pipe 16.

[0056] As Figure 2 shown, the tea fermentation area includes a first support 31 and a first high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter box located on the first support 31. The first high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter box includes a first box body 34. A plurality of first liquid holes are provided at the bottom of the first box body 34. A spiral first spring sheet coil 35 and an ultrasonic oscillator 32 located at the center of the first spring sheet coil 35 are provided inside the first box body 34. The ultrasonic oscillator 32 is fixedly connected to the inner ring end of the first spring sheet coil 35. The outer ring end of the first spring sheet coil 35 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first box body 34. A filter plate 33 is fixedly installed at the top of the first box body 34. First filter holes are provided on the surface of the filter plate 33. Rubber particles are also filled inside the first box body 34. The tea leaves to be fermented inoculated with a fermentation agent are placed on the filter plate 33.

[0057] On the one hand, the ultrasonic oscillator 32 is free and not fixed. Under the restriction of the filter plate 33, during the continuous vibration of the ultrasonic oscillator 32, it will drive the continuous loosening and tightening of the first spring sheet coil 35. As a result, the gap sizes in different regions of the first spring sheet coil 35 are always changing dynamically. On the one hand, by changing the ultrasonic frequency, the impact degree on the rubber particles can be changed, the gaps between the rubber particles will continuously change, and the fermentation liquid flowing through the rubber particles will also continuously change. In addition, ultrasonic waves will affect fermentation, and the density of the rubber particles is less than that of water and its surface layer is a multi-layer microporous structure. When the fermentation liquid submerges the rubber particles, in the case of a low filling rate, they will float a lot. With the help of ultrasonic vibration, the tea fermentation area and the trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area can be significantly separated, bringing different fermentation environments. In addition, some fermentation bacteria will attach to the rubber particles with a multi-layer microporous structure on the surface, forming a unique ecosystem in this area. During the next inner circulation of the fermentation liquid, it will promote better fermentation in the trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area.

[0058] As Figure 3As shown in the figure, the Trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area includes a second support 51 and a second high-frequency vibration anti-blocking filter box located on the second support 51. The second high-frequency vibration anti-blocking filter box includes a second box body 55. A plurality of second liquid holes are provided at the bottom of the second box body 55. Inside the second box body 55, there is a spiral second spring sheet roll 56, a megasonic oscillator 53 located in the center of the second spring sheet roll 56, and a magnetic sleeve 54 sleeved outside the megasonic oscillator 53. The lower end of the megasonic oscillator 53 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second box body 55. A rod-shaped electromagnet 531 is embedded on one side of the megasonic oscillator 53. When the electromagnet 531 is energized, it generates a magnetic force repulsive to the magnetic sleeve 54. The inner ring end of the second spring sheet roll 56 is fixedly connected to the magnetic sleeve 54, and the outer ring end of the second spring sheet roll 56 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second box body 55. A filter screen 52 is provided at the top of the second box body 55. Second filter holes are provided on the surface of the filter screen 52. The filter screen 52 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fermentation tank 10. The upper end of the megasonic oscillator 53 is fixedly connected to the middle of the filter screen 52. The Trichosanthes kirilowii material to be fermented inoculated with the fermentation agent is placed on the filter screen 52.

[0059] An electromagnet 531 is installed on the megasonic oscillator 53. When it is energized, it is equivalent to an eccentric block, which will drive the magnetic sleeve 54 to move under the dual action of magnetic force and elastic force. The second spring sheet roll 56 is continuously tightened and loosened, so that the gap sizes in different regions of the second spring sheet roll 56 are always changing dynamically.

[0060] Compared with the first high-frequency vibration anti-blocking filter box, there are no filled rubber particles in the second high-frequency vibration anti-blocking filter box, and it adopts electromagnetic drive at the same time. Because the starch content in the Trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area is large, and in addition, after continuous fermentation of Trichosanthes kirilowii fruits, Trichosanthes kirilowii peels and Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds, etc., part of them will be gelatinized. It is necessary to use a stronger magnetic force to drive the second spring sheet roll 56 to clean, effectively preventing blockage inside the second high-frequency vibration anti-blocking filter box.

[0061] In addition, it is found that when fermenting Trichosanthes kirilowii materials such as Trichosanthes kirilowii roots, pulp, peels and Trichosanthes kirilowii seed meal with the special fermentation agent of the present invention, megasonic vibration must be used to assist fermentation. If ultrasonic vibration is used to assist fermentation, it will bring serious gelatinization, which will not only cause serious blockage inside the second high-frequency vibration anti-blocking filter box, but also lead to fermentation failure and produce a foul smell.

[0062] The ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic oscillator is 32 - 33 kHz. For example, when fermenting black tea, the ultrasonic frequency is 32 kHz; the megasonic frequency of the megasonic oscillator is 2.6 MHz.

[0063] The volume of the inner cavity of the first box body is y, the total volume of all rubber particles is x, and the filling rate of the rubber particles is z = x / y, where 22% ≤ z ≤ 28%. If the filling rate is too small, the meaning of filling rubber particles is lost. If the filling rate is too large, an isolated environment will be formed under high-frequency vibration, making the Trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area completely an anaerobic fermentation environment, which is not conducive to fermentation.

[0064] The particle size of the rubber particles is 5 - 5.6 mm, the density of the rubber particles is less than that of water, and the surface porosity of the rubber particles is 18% - 22%. The aperture of the first filter hole is smaller than that of the first liquid hole, the aperture of the first filter hole is 3.5 - 4 mm, the aperture of the second filter hole is 2 - 2.5 mm, and the aperture of the second liquid hole is larger than that of the second filter hole.

[0065] The preparation method of the rubber particles is as follows:

[0066] Impregnate paraffin on the surface of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber particles, and after cooling, send them into a reactor based on the liquid-electric effect. The reactor is filled with water and the ratio of material to liquid is maintained at 13:87. The pulsed electricity passed through the reactor has a peak voltage of 5 kV, a pulse width of 2 μs, a pulse period of 20 μs, and a reaction time of 15 s. After the reaction, wash and dry with deionized water to obtain the rubber particles.

[0067] In the reactor, the high temperature of the liquid-electric effect in a short time vaporizes the paraffin on the surface of the EPDM rubber particles and the surrounding water. Since the duration of each discharge is very short (in the order of microseconds), heat and other components participating in the reaction do not have time to penetrate into the solid interior. Therefore, the reaction of the solid-liquid materials mainly occurs on the solid surface. As a result, a large number of micropores can be formed on the surface of the EPDM rubber particles, and at the same time, serious damage will not be caused to the interior of the EPDM rubber particles. Otherwise, after high-frequency extrusion deformation, a large number of rubber particles will be formed. Since the density of these particles is less than that of water, they can be easily removed by subsequent water washing.

[0068] The fermentation inoculant is Candida etchellsii, Aspergillus niger, Micrococcus luteus, and Pediococcus acidilactici. The inoculation amount of Candida etchellsii is 1.8%, that of Aspergillus niger is 1.2%, that of Micrococcus luteus is 0.6%, and that of Pediococcus acidilactici is 0.3%.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] The difference between this example and Example 2 is only that the first high-frequency vibration anti-blocking filter box in this example is not filled with rubber particles, and the rest are the same.

[0071] Example 4

[0072] The difference between this example and Example 2 is only that the rubber particles used in the first high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter cartridge in this example are thermoplastic polyurethane rubbers with a density greater than 1 g / m³, and the rest are the same.

[0073] Example 5

[0074] The difference between this example and Example 2 is only that the rubber particles used in this example are ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber particles with no voids on the surface, and the rest are the same.

[0075] High humidity resistance test of black tea

[0076] Put black tea into a beaker and place it in an environment of 35 °C and a relative humidity of 90% ± 5% for 10 days. Take it out every day to observe the appearance of the tea leaves. If white hairs grow on the surface of the tea leaves, there is a musty smell, and the tea soup is turbid after brewing, it means that the tea has gone moldy. The test results of Examples 2 to 5 are shown in Table 2:

[0077] Table 2

[0078] Test results Example 2 Mildew appeared on the 9th day Example 3 Mildew appeared on the 5th day Example 4 Mildew appeared on the 5th day Example 5 Mildew appeared on the 6th day Black tea 1 Mildew appeared on the 3rd day

[0079] As can be seen from Table 2, the first high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter cartridge is filled with rubber particles with a certain porosity on the surface and a density less than that of water. Using these rubber particles as a medium to adjust the fermentation environment in the trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area and the tea fermentation area can promote the antibacterial and bacteriostatic components produced by fermentation to be impregnated in the tea, thus significantly extending the shelf life of the tea.

[0080] Example 6

[0081] The screening test of the fermentation inoculant is shown in Table 3:

[0082] Table 3

[0083]

[0084] When fermenting black tea using Candida etchellsii, Aspergillus niger, Micrococcus roseus and Pediococcus acidilactici with an inoculation ratio of 18:12:6:3 according to the conventional fermentation process, the fermentation broth did not produce a sour and rancid smell. When fermenting black tea using Candida etchellsii and Aspergillus niger with an inoculation ratio of 18:12 according to the conventional fermentation process, no large amount of foam appeared.

[0085] From the above, it can be seen that the fermentation inoculant used in the present invention is composed of Candida etchellsii, Aspergillus niger, Micrococcus luteus and Pediococcus acidilactici in an inoculation ratio of 18:12:6:3, which can be simultaneously applied to the fermentation of tea and trichosanthes kirilowii, and no abnormality will occur during the fermentation process.

[0086] Example 7

[0087] Since the fermentation time required in the tea fermentation area is short, in order to ensure the quality of the tea after fermentation, the Trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area is usually incompletely fermented; through a large number of experiments, it is found that when fermenting the Trichosanthes kirilowii material alone, taking the Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp as an example, it generally needs to be fermented for 25 h, and the total acid content in the fermentation broth reaches the highest value of 593.15 ± 8.07 mg / 100 mL.

[0088] Therefore, during the experiment, only by changing the megasonic frequency, after 8 h of fermentation, the fermented tea was taken out from the tea fermentation area, and then the Trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area continued to ferment. From this time on, record the time required when the total acid content of the fermentation broth reaches 593.15 ± 8.07 mg / 100 mL. This time is the under-fermentation time. The experimental results are shown in Figure 4 :

[0089] It can be Figure 4 seen that the megasonic frequency of the megasonic oscillator is 2.6 MHz.

[0090] Example 8

[0091] During the preparation of rubber particles, if paraffin is not impregnated on the surface of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber particles and directly reacted in a reactor based on the liquid-electric effect, by extending the reaction time to 190 s, rubber particles 1 with a surface porosity of 20% - 22% can finally be obtained; there are a large number of cracks inside the rubber particles 1. After operating in the first high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter box for 72 h, rubber microparticles (using the light resistance method) will be detected in the fermentation broth, with a content of 3.1 g / L. This shows that the service life of the rubber particles 1 is not long and it is easy to age.

[0092] For the rubber particles in Example 2, after operating in the first high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter box for 72 h, no rubber microparticles were detected in the fermentation broth.

[0093] In addition, if it is corroded with concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of 50% for 5 min, then washed, and then put into ethanol and boiled for 30 - 35 min, rubber particles 2 with a surface porosity of 20% - 23% can finally be obtained; the internal structure of the rubber particles 2 is corroded and damaged. After operating in the first high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter box for 36 h, rubber microparticles (using the light resistance method) will be detected in the fermentation broth, with a content of 1.9 g / L.

[0094] Example 9

[0095] After the fermentation in Example 2 is completed, the remaining fermentation broth is mixed with broad beans and fermented at a fermentation temperature of 28°C for 1 day to obtain slightly fermented broad beans. The slightly fermented broad beans are used to feed grass carps weighing more than 3 catties, and the slightly fermented broad beans account for 50% of the total feed amount (in the existing crispy grass carps, the broad beans used in the crispy feeding stage account for 70% of the total feed amount). After the grass carp reaches a weight of 5 catties, it is subjected to a crisping treatment (the fish is placed in a net cage and left standing for 6 days to increase the meat hardness) to obtain crispy grass carps (when using unfermented broad beans for crisping feeding, the crisping treatment takes 10 days).

[0096] As a comparison, if conventional yeast is inoculated into broad beans for fermentation, whether the fermentation time is 1 day or 6 days, the obtained fermented broad bean material is used to replace the unfermented broad beans for crisping feeding, which is not helpful for reducing the amount of broad beans used and shortening the crisping treatment time.

[0097] Therefore, the fermentation broth after the fermentation of the present invention is used to ferment broad beans at a fermentation temperature of 28°C for 1 day to obtain slightly fermented broad beans; the slightly fermented broad beans can be used to raise crispy grass carps.

[0098] Example 10

[0099] In Example 1, for convenient installation, a support block 11 for supporting the second bracket 51 and the first bracket 31 is further installed on the inner wall of the fermentation tank 10.

[0100] Example 11

[0101] In Example 1, for convenient feeding and discharging, a first feed inlet 13 corresponding to the tea fermentation area, a first cover 15 for sealing the first feed inlet 13, a second feed inlet 12 corresponding to the trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area, and a second cover 14 for sealing the second feed inlet 12 are provided on one side of the fermentation tank 10.

[0102] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fermenting device for Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. tea, comprising a fermenting tank (10), wherein a top opening (19) is arranged at the top of the fermenting tank (10), and it is characterized in that: Inside the fermentation tank (10), a spraying area, a tea fermentation area, a trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area, and a fermentation liquid collection area are successively arranged from top to bottom. An external circulation device for transporting the fermentation liquid in the fermentation liquid collection area to the spraying area is arranged outside the fermentation tank (10). The spraying area sprays the fermentation liquid onto the tea fermentation area. The tea fermentation area contains the tea leaves to be fermented inoculated with a fermentation agent. The fermentation liquid seeping out from the tea fermentation area flows to the trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area. The trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area contains the trichosanthes kirilowii material to be fermented inoculated with a fermentation agent. The fermentation liquid seeping out from the trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area flows to the fermentation liquid collection area.

2. The fermenting device for trichosanthes kirilowii maxim tea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying area includes a liquid tank (20), and a plurality of nozzles (21) are arranged at the bottom of the liquid tank (20).

3. The fermenting device for trichosanthes kirilowii maxim tea according to claim 2, characterized in that: The external circulation device includes an external pipe (16), a centrifugal pump (17), and a valve (18). The tail end of the external pipe (16) is communicated with the fermentation liquid collection area, and the head end of the external pipe (16) is communicated with the liquid tank (20). The centrifugal pump (17) and the valve (18) are both installed on the external pipe (16).

4. A fermenting device for trichosanthes kirilowii tea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tea fermentation area includes a first support (31) and a first high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter box located on the first support (31). The first high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter box includes a first box body (34). A plurality of first liquid holes are arranged at the bottom of the first box body (34). A spiral first spring sheet coil (35) and an ultrasonic vibrator (32) located in the center of the first spring sheet coil (35) are arranged inside the first box body (34). The ultrasonic vibrator (32) is fixedly connected to the inner ring end of the first spring sheet coil (35). The outer ring end of the first spring sheet coil (35) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first box body (34). A filter plate (33) is fixedly installed at the top of the first box body (34). First filter holes are arranged on the surface of the filter plate (33). Rubber particles are also filled inside the first box body (34). The tea leaves to be fermented inoculated with a fermentation agent are placed on the filter plate (33).

5. The fermenting device for trichosanthes kirilowii maxim tea according to claim 4, characterized in that: The Trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area includes a second support (51) and a second high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter box located on the second support (51). The second high-frequency vibration type anti-blocking filter box includes a second box body (55). A plurality of second liquid holes are provided at the bottom of the second box body (55). A spiral second spring sheet roll (56), a megasonic oscillator (53) located in the center of the second spring sheet roll (56), and a magnetic sleeve (54) sleeved outside the megasonic oscillator (53) are arranged inside the second box body (55). The lower end of the megasonic oscillator (53) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second box body (55). A rod-shaped electromagnet (531) is embedded on one side of the megasonic oscillator (53). When the electromagnet (531) is energized, it generates a magnetic force repulsive to the magnetic sleeve (54). The inner ring end of the second spring sheet roll (56) is fixedly connected to the magnetic sleeve (54), and the outer ring end of the second spring sheet roll (56) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second box body (55). A filter screen (52) is arranged at the top of the second box body (55). Second filter holes are arranged on the surface of the filter screen (52). The filter screen (52) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fermentation tank (10). The upper end of the megasonic oscillator (53) is fixedly connected to the middle of the filter screen (52). The Trichosanthes kirilowii material to be fermented inoculated with a fermentation agent is placed on the filter screen (52).

6. The fermenting device for trichosanthes kirilowii maxim tea according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic oscillator is 32 - 33 kHz, and the megasonic frequency of the megasonic oscillator is 2.6 MHz.

7. The fermenting device for trichosanthes kirilowii maxim tea according to claim 5, characterized in that: The volume of the inner cavity of the first box body is y, the total volume of all rubber particles is x, and the filling rate of the rubber particles is z = x / y, where 22% ≤ z ≤ 28%; the particle size of the rubber particles is 5 - 5.6 mm, the density of the rubber particles is less than that of water, and the surface porosity of the rubber particles is 18% - 22%; the aperture of the first filter hole is smaller than that of the first liquid hole, the aperture of the first filter hole is 3.5 - 4 mm, the aperture of the second filter hole is 2 - 2.5 mm, and the aperture of the second liquid hole is larger than that of the second filter hole.

8. The fermenting device for trichosanthes kirilowii tea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation agent is Candida etchellsii, Aspergillus niger, Micrococcus luteus, and Pediococcus acidilactici. The inoculation amount of Candida etchellsii is 1.8%, that of Aspergillus niger is 1.2%, that of Micrococcus luteus is 0.6%, and that of Pediococcus acidilactici is 0.3%.

9. A fermenting device for Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim tea, characterized in that: Support blocks (11) for supporting the second support (51) and the first support (31) are further installed on the inner wall of the fermentation tank (10).

10. The fermenting device for trichosanthes kirilowii maxim tea according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the fermentation tank (10) is provided with a first feed inlet (13) corresponding to the tea fermentation area, a first seal cover (15) for sealing the first feed inlet (13), a second feed inlet (12) corresponding to the Trichosanthes kirilowii fermentation area, and a second seal cover (14) for sealing the second feed inlet (12).

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