Power supply monitoring system special for railway

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of railway power systems, and discloses a railway special power supply monitoring system, which comprises a monitoring host, a comprehensive measurement module, a battery monitoring unit, a margin detection module and a dry contact output module, and is characterized in that the monitoring host is used for collecting, processing, displaying and controlling data; the comprehensive measurement module is used for detecting an alternating current parameter, a direct current parameter and a switching value; the battery monitoring unit is used for collecting battery voltage and environment temperature; the margin detection module is used for monitoring switch jump, switch state and insulation resistance; and the dry contact output module is used for providing an external equipment control interface. The modular design is adopted, the monitoring host, the comprehensive measurement module, the battery monitoring unit, the margin detection module and the dry contact output module are independent in function and support free combination, and the number of the modules can be adjusted according to different railway power supply scales; the modular structure supports the independent replacement of fault modules, shortens the maintenance time, and reduces the shutdown risk of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of railway power systems, specifically a dedicated railway power supply monitoring system. Background Art

[0002] Existing railway power systems usually adopt decentralized power monitoring devices to ensure the stable operation of railway transportation. These devices mainly include independent voltage monitors, current sensors, switch state detectors, and simple communication modules, which are widely used in railway signal power supplies, station standby power supplies, locomotive rectifier devices and other fields. For example, traditional monitoring systems collect basic power parameters through voltage transformers and current transformers, and transmit them to the centralized control unit using the RS485 bus or analog signals. Some systems also introduce the MODBUS protocol for data communication. In addition, some advanced railway power supply systems have started to integrate battery management functions, and monitor the battery pack voltage and ambient temperature through a multi-channel collector to ensure the charging and discharging safety of the battery. These technologies provide basic support for the operation and management of railway power systems, and play an important role in ensuring the continuity of signal lights, turnouts and train power supply.

[0003] However, there are several deficiencies in the existing railway power monitoring technologies. First, the data acquisition range is limited, and it is difficult to cover multiple battery voltages, AC / DC parameters, switch states, and insulation conditions simultaneously, resulting in insufficient comprehensiveness of operation data. Second, the system adopts a fixed structure design, with poor scalability and maintainability. When it is necessary to add monitoring points or replace components, it often requires overall upgrading or shutdown for maintenance, increasing the operating cost and time. Third, the communication protocol is single, and most systems only support the MODBUS protocol, making it difficult to integrate efficiently with modern power station automation systems, restricting the data sharing ability. In addition, the fault detection and control functions rely more on manual intervention, lacking an intelligent early warning mechanism, and it is difficult to respond to abnormal situations in a timely manner, reducing the reliability and operating efficiency of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides a dedicated railway power supply monitoring system, which solves the problem that the existing railway power supply monitoring system adopts a fixed structure design, with poor scalability and maintainability. When it is necessary to add monitoring points or replace components, it often requires overall upgrading or shutdown for maintenance, increasing the operating cost and time.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A dedicated railway power supply monitoring system, including a monitoring host, a comprehensive measurement module, a battery monitoring unit, a residual wire detection module, and a dry contact output module, wherein:

[0006] The monitoring host is used to collect, process, display, and control data, equipped with a color touch screen display, supporting RS232 and RS485 communication interfaces, and capable of managing the charging and discharging of the power supply module and battery pack;

[0007] The integrated measurement module is used to detect AC parameters, DC parameters, and digital inputs / outputs, supporting the measurement of multiple channels of voltage, current, and temperature, and capable of detecting the bus insulation resistance;

[0008] The battery monitoring unit is used to collect battery voltage and ambient temperature, supporting the monitoring of multiple battery cells;

[0009] The spare wire detection module is used to monitor switch trips, switch states, and insulation resistance, supporting the detection of multiple switches;

[0010] The dry contact output module is used to provide an external device control interface, supporting multiple dry contact outputs.

[0011] Preferably, the monitoring host supports the MODBUS-RTU communication protocol and can be optionally equipped with the IEC61850 protocol for connection to the power station automation system.

[0012] Preferably, the integrated measurement module can detect 1 channel of three-phase AC voltage, 3 channels of DC voltage, 2 channels of current, 1 channel of ambient temperature, and support 24 digital inputs and 8 digital outputs.

[0013] Preferably, the battery monitoring unit includes models PMU-B2, PMU-B3, and PMU-B4. Among them, PMU-B2 can collect 1 group of ambient temperature and 19 single-cell battery voltages, PMU-B3 can collect 2 groups of ambient temperature and 55 single-cell battery voltages, and PMU-B4 can collect 2 groups of ambient temperature and 110 single-cell battery voltages.

[0014] Preferably, the spare wire detection module can detect 64 or 32 switch trips and switch states, and can measure the bus voltage to ground and insulation resistance, and the branch insulation resistance to ground. The spare wire detection module supports RS485 and CAN interface communications.

[0015] Preferably, the dry contact output module provides 16 dry contact outputs, among which 4 are normally open and normally closed outputs. The dry contact output module communicates with the monitoring host through the RS485 interface.

[0016] Preferably, a modular design is adopted, and the functions of each module are independent and can be freely combined to meet the railway power supply requirements of different scales.

[0017] Preferably, the monitoring host can store more than 100,000 operation records and fault data, and supports user-defined digital input alarm and parameter settings. The parameter settings include equalizing charge voltage, floating charge voltage, and current limiting value.

[0018] Preferably, the monitoring host performs master-slave communication with the integrated measurement module, battery monitoring unit, redundant wire detection module, and dry contact output module through the RS485 bus, and supports fault early warning and control functions.

[0019] Preferably, the battery voltage measurement accuracy of the battery monitoring unit is 0.5% or ≤10 mV.

[0020] The present invention provides a special power monitoring system for railways, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The present invention adopts a modular design, which makes the functions of the monitoring host, integrated measurement module, battery monitoring unit, redundant wire detection module, and dry contact output module independent and supports free combination. Compared with the fixed integrated structure in the prior art, the number of modules can be adjusted according to different railway power supply scales; the modular structure supports the replacement of faulty modules separately, shortening the maintenance time and reducing the risk of system downtime.

[0022] 2. The present invention supports the MODBUS-RTU communication protocol and can be optionally equipped with the IEC61850 protocol. Compared with the limitation of a single protocol in the prior art, it improves the interface ability of the system with the power station automation system. For example, the MODBUS-RTU protocol realizes master-slave communication through the RS485 bus, and the baud rate of 9600 bps ensures the stability of data transmission. The IEC61850 protocol supports MMS communication through the Ethernet interface, maps data such as voltage and current to standard objects (such as MMXU1.PhV), which is convenient for integration with the upper system; the protocol switching is completed by the built-in conversion module of the monitoring host, supporting dynamic adjustment of the communication method to meet the needs of different automation devices.

[0023] 3. The present invention realizes high-precision voltage measurement through the battery monitoring unit (PMU-B2 accuracy 0.5%, PMU-B3 / PMU-B4 accuracy ≤10 mV), and combines the integrated measurement module and the redundant wire detection module to accurately detect the insulation resistance (accuracy ±5%). Compared with the insufficient data acquisition accuracy and limited coverage in the prior art, it meets the requirements of the railway power system for reliability. For example, the PMU-B4 controls the voltage measurement error of 110 battery cells within ±8 mV, early identifying battery aging or overvoltage problems. The insulation resistance is detected by calculating with a 50V weak DC signal, accurately detecting the bus-to-ground fault, and improving the low efficiency of traditional manual detection.

[0024] 4. The present invention realizes fault early warning through bit flags (BIT0 - BIT15) and uses a dry contact output module to provide an automatic control function. Compared with the prior art where fault detection relies on manual inspection and manual adjustment, the operation complexity is reduced. For example, when BIT0 detects battery overvoltage (threshold 2.40V / cell), the monitoring host records the alarm information and uploads it to the upper computer through RS485. The dry contact output module triggers an external relay to reduce the charging current to 0.1C, reducing the time of manual intervention and the error rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the monitoring main interface of the railway - specific power supply monitoring system of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the information query interface of the railway - specific power supply monitoring system of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the AC parameter interface of the railway - specific power supply monitoring system of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the DC parameter interface of the railway - specific power supply monitoring system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the module parameter interface of the railway - specific power supply monitoring system of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the battery inspection interface of the railway - specific power supply monitoring system of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the insulation detection interface of the railway - specific power supply monitoring system of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the charge - discharge curve interface of the railway - specific power supply monitoring system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0033] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 - attached Figure 8 , the embodiment of the present invention provides a railway - specific power supply monitoring system, including a monitoring host, a comprehensive measurement module, a battery monitoring unit, a remaining wire detection module, and a dry contact output module, where:

[0035] The monitoring host is used to collect, process, display and control data, equipped with a color touch screen display, supports RS232 and RS485 communication interfaces, and is capable of managing the charging and discharging of the power supply module and the battery pack;

[0036] The comprehensive measurement module is used to detect AC parameters, DC parameters and digital inputs / outputs, supports the measurement of multiple channels of voltage, current and temperature, and is capable of detecting the bus insulation resistance;

[0037] The battery monitoring unit is used to collect battery voltage and ambient temperature, and supports the monitoring of multiple battery cells;

[0038] The spare wire detection module is used to monitor the switch trip, switch status and insulation resistance, and supports the detection of multiple switches;

[0039] The dry contact output module is used to provide an external device control interface and supports multiple channels of dry contact outputs.

[0040] Specifically, the railway dedicated power monitoring system can be applied to the railway signal power system, such as the monitoring scenario of a certain railway distribution panel. The monitoring host uses a device with the model WS-TLY / C07, equipped with a 7-inch color touch screen with a resolution of 800×480, supporting multi-touch operation. Users can intuitively view the system topology diagram, real-time operation data (such as voltage, current, temperature), and fault alarm information through the touch screen. Inside the monitoring host, a 32-bit ARM processor with a main frequency of 400MHz is integrated, equipped with 256MB of memory and 512MB of flash memory, supporting the storage of more than 100,000 operation records. The record content includes timestamp, event type (such as battery overvoltage, switch tripping), parameter values (such as voltage value, insulation resistance value), etc. The monitoring host communicates with the lower modules through the RS485 bus, with a communication distance of up to 1200 meters and supporting the simultaneous access of up to 16 modules. The integrated measurement module (ZHCL-2) adopts an embedded design and is installed on a standard DIN rail, with dimensions of 145mm in length, 90mm in width, and 60mm in height, weighing about 0.8kg. The power supply voltage range is 85V - 320VDC, and the power consumption ≤15W. It can collect AC and DC parameters in real time and upload them to the monitoring host through the RS485 interface. The battery monitoring unit (taking PMU-B4 as an example) supports the monitoring of the voltages of 110 single cells. The voltage acquisition range of each cell is 1.5V - 3.0V, and the sampling frequency is 1 time per second. The acquired data is transmitted through the RS485 bus, and the transmission rate can reach 9600bps. The spare wire detection module has an external dimension of 168mm in length, 93.6mm in width, and 53mm in height, weighing <1kg, and supports the monitoring of 64 switch states. The switch states are collected through an opto-isolation circuit, with strong anti-interference ability, and are suitable for the railway power supply system under complex electromagnetic environments. The dry contact output module (IARM-RC10) is installed in the control cabinet, providing 16 dry contact outputs. The output signals can drive external relays or alarms. For example, when the system detects that the insulation resistance is lower than the set threshold (such as 50kΩ), the dry contact output module can output a control signal to trigger the audible and visual alarm to remind the maintenance personnel to handle it in time.

[0041] The monitoring host supports the MODBUS-RTU communication protocol and can be optionally equipped with the IEC61850 protocol for connection with the power station automation system.

[0042] Specifically, the monitoring host supports the MODBUS-RTU communication protocol, and the specific communication parameters are set as follows: baud rate 9600bps, no parity bit, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit. As the master station, the monitoring host polls each slave module (address range 01H-FFH) through the RS485 bus, and each polling cycle is about 500ms to ensure the real-time data acquisition. For example, the monitoring host sends a command frame to read the voltage data of the integrated measurement module (address 01H), and the format is: 010300000002C40B, where "01" is the slave address, "03" is the function code, "0000" is the starting address, "0002" is the number of registers to be read, and "C40B" is the CRC check code; after the integrated measurement module returns the data frame, the monitoring host parses the data and stores it. The optional IEC61850 protocol is implemented through the protocol conversion module inside the monitoring host. The conversion module adopts an embedded Linux system and supports IEC61850 MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification) communication, which can map the collected voltage, current, switch status and other data into IEC61850 standard data objects. For example, the three-phase AC voltage is mapped to the MMXU1.PhV (phase voltage) object. The monitoring host is connected to the power station automation system through an Ethernet interface (RJ45, 10 / 100Mbps adaptive), and supports real-time data interaction with the upper-level system. For example, the collected bus insulation resistance data is uploaded to the database of the automation system for remote monitoring. The protocol switch is completed through the touch screen interface of the monitoring host. The user can enter the "Communication Settings" menu and select the "MODBUS-RTU" or "IEC61850" mode. After the switch, the system automatically restarts the communication service to ensure seamless protocol switching.

[0043] The integrated measurement module can detect 1 channel of three-phase AC voltage, 3 channels of DC voltage, 2 channels of current, 1 channel of ambient temperature, and supports 24 channels of digital input and 8 channels of digital output.

[0044] Specifically, the comprehensive measurement module (ZHCL-2) can detect 1 three-phase AC voltage (range 0 - 300VAC, accuracy ±0.5%), 3 DC voltages (range 0 - 350VDC, accuracy ±0.2%), 2 currents (range 0 - 10A, accuracy ±0.5%), and 1 ambient temperature (range -20°C to 80°C, accuracy ±1°C). In the design of the specific measurement circuit, the AC voltage is stepped down by a voltage transformer (turns ratio 1000:1) and then input to the AD conversion chip (model ADS1256, 24-bit resolution) of the module. The DC voltage is sampled through a voltage-dividing resistor network (resistance ratio 10:1). The current is collected through a Hall sensor (model AHKC-E, output 0 - 5V). The temperature is measured through an NTC thermistor (10kΩ, B value 3950). The module supports 24 digital inputs. Among them, the first 18 are used to monitor the branch switch status (such as the power feed switch, control switch). The 19th - 24th respectively correspond to AC switch 1, AC switch 2, module group power switch, module group standby switch, battery main switch, and battery bypass switch. The input signal is processed through an opto-isolation circuit (model TLP521), with an isolation voltage of 2500VDC to ensure signal reliability. The module also provides 8 digital outputs, with an output capacity of AC250V / 5A or DC30V / 5A. Among them, the three outputs of K1, K2, and K3 can control a 5 / 7-stage silicon-controlled switch to adjust the output voltage of the charging module. For example, when it is detected that the battery voltage exceeds 2.4V per cell, K1 outputs a closing signal to control the silicon-controlled switch to reduce the charging current to 0.5C. The comprehensive measurement module communicates with the monitoring host through the RS485 interface. The communication address is set through the DIP switches (S1 - S8) on the module, supporting an address range of 1 - 255 to meet the multi-module networking requirements.

[0045] The battery monitoring unit includes models PMU-B2, PMU-B3, and PMU-B4. Among them, PMU-B2 can collect 1 set of ambient temperature and 19 single-cell battery voltages, PMU-B3 can collect 2 sets of ambient temperature and 55 single-cell battery voltages, and PMU-B4 can collect 2 sets of ambient temperature and 110 single-cell battery voltages.

[0046] Specifically, the PMU-B2, PMU-B3, and PMU-B4 models of the battery monitoring unit are designed for battery packs of different scales. Taking PMU-B2 as an example, it can collect 1 group of ambient temperature and the voltages of 19 single cells. It is applicable to small-scale railway signal power supply systems. The battery pack usually consists of 18 2V lead-acid batteries (rated voltage 36V) plus 1 spare battery. PMU-B2 collects the ambient temperature through an internal temperature sensor (model DS18B20, accuracy ±0.5°C). The temperature collection point is located at the center of the battery pack and is fixed with thermal conductive glue to ensure measurement accuracy. The battery voltage is collected through a differential amplifier circuit (gain 1:1, input impedance 10MΩ). The voltage collection range for each cell is 1.5V - 3.0V, and the sampling frequency is 1 time per second. PMU-B3 is applicable to medium-sized systems and can collect 2 groups of ambient temperature and the voltages of 55 single cells. For example, it is used in the railway yard backup power supply system with 2 groups of 27 cells (rated voltage 54V). Its temperature collection points are respectively located in the middle of the two groups of batteries. The voltage collection circuit uses a multiplexer (model CD4051) for switching to reduce hardware costs. PMU-B4 is applicable to large-scale systems and supports the collection of the voltages of 110 single cells. For example, it is used in the 108-cell battery pack (rated voltage 216V) of the locomotive rectifier device. An additional signal conditioning module (op-amp model OP07) is added to its collection circuit design to improve the signal stability for long-distance transmission. All models of the battery monitoring unit support a power supply range of 85V - 320VDC, with a power consumption ≤10W and an operating temperature range of -5°C to 45°C, suitable for temperature variations in the railway environment. Data transmission is achieved through the RS485 bus. The communication address is set through the DIP switch (SW1) on the module, supporting an address range of 1 - 128. The communication frame format follows the MODBUS-RTU protocol. For example, the command frame for reading the voltage data of PMU-B4 is: 03040000006E859F, where "006E" is the number of voltage registers for 110 cells.

[0047] The redundant line detection module can detect the switch jumps and switch states of 64 or 32 channels, and can measure the bus-to-ground voltage, insulation resistance, and branch-to-ground insulation resistance. The redundant line detection module supports RS485 and CAN interface communications.

[0048] Specifically, the redundant line detection module can detect the skip between 64 or 32 switches and the switch status, and is applicable to railway power supply systems of different scales. Taking the 64-channel detection as an example, 64 opto-isolated input channels (isolation voltage 3000VDC) are designed inside the module. Each channel is input through a relay contact or a switch signal. For example, the status (closed / open) of 64 control switches in the feeder cabinet is monitored. The acquisition frequency is 10 times per second, and the status change is triggered by an interrupt signal to ensure real-time performance. The 32-channel detection mode is set through the mode switch (SW2) inside the module, which is applicable to small systems and reduces resource occupancy. The module can measure the bus-to-ground voltage (range 0 - 500VDC, accuracy ±0.5%) and insulation resistance (range 10kΩ - 10MΩ, accuracy ±5%). The measurement circuit uses a high-impedance voltage division network (resistance ratio 100:1) and an insulation detection chip (model ISO124). The insulation resistance value is calculated by injecting a weak DC signal (50V, 10mA). For example, when the bus-to-ground resistance is lower than 50kΩ, the module triggers an alarm signal. The measurement of the branch-to-ground insulation resistance is achieved by a one-by-one scanning method. Each time, 1 branch is scanned, and the scanning period is 5 seconds to ensure comprehensive detection. The redundant line detection module supports RS485 and CAN interface communications. The RS485 interface is used to communicate with the monitoring host, and the communication parameters are consistent with the system (baud rate 9600bps); the CAN interface is used for synchronous communication between modules, supports the CAN2.0B protocol, and the baud rate can be set to 125Kbps, 50Kbps, 20Kbps, or 10Kbps. For example, when multiple modules are networked, the synchronous update of the 64-switch status is achieved through the CAN bus, and the synchronous period is less than 100ms. The power supply range of the module is 85V - 320VDC or 176V - 264VAC, and the power consumption ≤20W, which is applicable to the complex power supply environment at the railway site.

[0049] The dry contact output module provides 16 dry contact outputs, among which 4 are normally open and normally closed outputs. The dry contact output module communicates with the monitoring host through the RS485 interface.

[0050] Specifically, the dry contact output module (IARM-RC10) provides 16 dry contact outputs, among which 4 are normally open and normally closed outputs (K1-K4), and 12 are normally open outputs (K5-K16). The capacity of each output is 2A / 250VAC or 2A / 30VDC, supporting the driving of external relays, contactors or alarm devices. For example, the output of K1 can control an audible and visual alarm (model SF-08, operating voltage DC24V). When the system detects a fault (such as battery overvoltage), K1 closes, and the alarm emits a 90-decibel sound and a red flashing light, and the duration can be set from 30 seconds to 5 minutes. The design of normally open and normally closed outputs is suitable for scenarios requiring dual-state control. For example, the K2 output controls a group of bistable relays (model G2R-1, contact capacity 5A / 250VAC) to achieve the closing / opening of an AC switch. The dry contact output module communicates with the monitoring host through the RS485 interface. The communication address is set through the DIP switches (S1-S6) on the module, supporting an address range of 1-64. The communication frame format is MODBUS-RTU. For example, the command frame sent by the monitoring host to control K1 to close is: 04050000FF008C3A, where "04" is the module address, "05" is the function code, "0000" is the K1 output address, and "FF00" is the closing instruction. The module internally uses a 32-bit ARM processor (model STM32F103, main frequency 72MHz), equipped with 128KB of flash memory for storing output states and control logic, supporting the power-off retention function. For example, after the system powers off, the module can save the last output state and automatically restore it after restart. The module power supply range is 85V-320VDC or 176V-264VAC, the power consumption ≤5W, and the operating temperature range is -10°C to 55°C, suitable for the installation environment inside the railway control cabinet.

[0051] Adopting a modular design, each module has independent functions and can be freely combined to adapt to different scales of railway power supply requirements.

[0052] Specifically, the modular design of the system is reflected in the independence and flexible combination of each module. The monitoring host, integrated measurement module, battery monitoring unit, redundant wire detection module, and dry contact output module all adopt standardized interface design. For example, the communication interface of all modules is RS485 (the terminal type is Phoenix terminal, specification 2.54mm), the power interface supports unified power supply of 85V - 320VDC, the installation method is DIN35 rail installation, and the modules are fixed through a unified mechanical buckle (the material is flame-retardant ABS) to ensure installation firmness and compatibility. For example, in a small railway signal power supply system, only 1 monitoring host (WS-TLY / C07), 1 integrated measurement module (ZHCL-2), and 1 battery monitoring unit (PMU-B2) can be configured, and a total of 3 modules can meet the basic monitoring requirements; in a large railway yard backup power supply system, 1 monitoring host, 2 integrated measurement modules, 4 battery monitoring units (2 PMU-B4), 2 redundant wire detection modules, and 1 dry contact output module can be configured, a total of 10 modules, to meet the monitoring requirements of 110 batteries and 128 switches. Each module has an independent function. For example, the integrated measurement module can independently complete the acquisition of AC and DC parameters, and the battery monitoring unit can independently complete the monitoring of battery voltage. The modules communicate through the RS485 bus without interfering with each other. The free combination of modules is achieved through the automatic recognition function of the monitoring host. After the monitoring host is started, it sends a broadcast command through the RS485 bus (for example, command frame: FF0300000001444B), and each module returns the device ID and type (such as ZHCL-2 returns ID01H, PMU-B4 returns ID03H). The monitoring host dynamically generates a system topology diagram based on the returned information, displays the status and location of all online modules, and the user can manually add or remove module configurations through the touch screen interface to meet the flexible requirements of railway power supply systems of different scales.

[0053] The monitoring host can store more than 100,000 operation records and fault data, and supports user-defined digital input alarms and parameter settings. The parameter settings include equalizing charge voltage, floating charge voltage, and current limit value.

[0054] Specifically, the monitoring host is equipped with a large-capacity memory (model EMMC, capacity 4GB), which can store more than 100,000 operation records and fault data. Each record contains a timestamp (format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS), event type, parameter value, and processing status. For example, a fault record is "2025-03-06 14:30:25, battery overvoltage, voltage 2.45V / section, charging current has been reduced". The stored data supports filtering by time or event type, and users can view it through the "History Record" menu on the touch screen interface. For example, after selecting the "Fault Record" option, the screen displays the last 100 fault records, and it supports paging and export functions (exported as a CSV file through the USB interface). The monitoring host supports user-defined digital input alarms. For example, users can set the 19th digital input (AC switch 1) as "open alarm". When the switch status changes to open, the monitoring host triggers an alarm, the screen displays "AC switch 1 is open" and records the event. Parameter settings are completed through the "Parameter Configuration" menu on the touch screen interface. Users can set the equalizing charge voltage (range 2.30V - 2.40V / section, default 2.35V), floating charge voltage (range 2.20V - 2.30V / section, default 2.25V), and current limiting value (range 0.1C - 0.5C, default 0.2C). The setting process is as follows: Users enter the "Parameter Configuration" menu, select the "Battery Parameters" option, input the target value (such as equalizing charge voltage 2.38V), click "Save", and then the monitoring host sends a control command through the RS485 bus (for example, command frame: 0106019100EE499A, where "00EE" is the register value of 2.38V) to adjust the output voltage of the charging module. Parameter settings support password protection (default password 1234) to prevent unauthorized modification, and all setting operations are recorded in the operation log to ensure traceability.

[0055] The monitoring host conducts master-slave communication with the integrated measurement module, battery monitoring unit, remaining wire detection module, and dry contact output module through the RS485 bus, and supports fault early warning and control functions.

[0056] Specifically, the monitoring host realizes master-slave communication with the integrated measurement module, battery monitoring unit, remaining wire detection module, and dry contact output module through the RS485 bus. The monitoring host serves as the master station with a fixed address of 00H, and each module serves as a slave station with an address range of 01H - FFH. The communication process is as follows: The monitoring host polls each module with a period of 500ms. For example, it sends a command (010300000002C40B) to read voltage data to the integrated measurement module (address 01H). After the integrated measurement module returns the data, the monitoring host then polls the battery monitoring unit (address 03H), and sequentially completes data acquisition for all modules. If a certain module does not respond, the monitoring host waits for 500ms and then resends the command. After retrying 3 times, it marks the module as "offline" and displays "Communication failure of module 03H" on the touch screen. The system supports a fault warning function. For example, it detects the fault status through bit flags (BIT0 - BIT15). BIT0 indicates battery overvoltage (threshold 2.40V / section), BIT1 indicates battery undervoltage (threshold 1.80V / section), and BIT13 indicates UPS output failure (threshold below 180VDC). When the flag bit is 1, an alarm is triggered. The monitoring host stores the alarm information and uploads it to the upper computer through the RS485, and at the same time triggers an external alarm through the dry contact output module. The control function is implemented through the MODBUS-RTU protocol. For example, the command to control the closing of AC switch 1 is: 01050001FF00DC3A, where "0001" is the switch address and "FF00" is the closing instruction; the command to control the charging module to shut down is: 010601910001489B, where "0001" is the shutdown instruction. The communication line uses shielded twisted pair (specification RVSP2×0.5mm 2 ), supporting a maximum communication distance of 1200 meters. 120Ω terminal resistors are installed at both ends of the line to reduce signal reflection and ensure communication stability.

[0057] The battery voltage measurement accuracy of the battery monitoring unit is 0.5% or ≤10mV.

[0058] Specifically, the battery voltage measurement accuracy of the battery monitoring unit is 0.5% or ≤10 mV, and the specific accuracy varies according to different models. The measurement accuracy of PMU-B2 is 0.5%, which is applicable to small battery packs (19 cells). For example, the rated voltage of each cell is 2V, the measurement range is 1.5V - 3.0V, and the maximum error corresponding to the accuracy of 0.5% is ±15 mV (with 3.0V as the full scale). In actual tests, the measured value of PMU-B2 for a 2.25V battery is 2.238V - 2.262V, meeting the accuracy requirements. The measurement accuracies of PMU-B3 and PMU-B4 are ≤10 mV, which are applicable to medium and large battery packs (55 cells or 110 cells). For example, the measured value of PMU-B4 for a 2.25V battery is 2.242V - 2.258V, and the error range is ±8 mV, meeting the requirement of ≤10 mV. In terms of the measurement circuit design, PMU-B2 uses a 16-bit AD conversion chip (model ADS1115, resolution 0.125 mV), collects voltage through differential input, and installs an RC low-pass filter (R = 1kΩ, C = 0.1μF) at the input end to filter out high-frequency interference. PMU-B3 and PMU-B4 use 24-bit AD conversion chips (model ADS1256, resolution 0.03 mV), and add a stage of signal conditioning circuit (op-amp model OPA333, input offset voltage ≤10 μV) to improve the measurement stability. The battery voltage acquisition supports the temperature compensation function. For example, when the ambient temperature rises from 25°C to 40°C, PMU-B4 corrects the voltage measurement value through an internal algorithm (based on the temperature coefficient of 0.02% / °C) to ensure that the accuracy is not affected by temperature changes. The collected data is transmitted to the monitoring host through the RS485 bus, and the monitoring host analyzes the voltage data in real time. For example, when the voltage of a certain cell exceeds 2.40V, an overvoltage alarm is triggered, and "Battery Pack 1, Cell 5 overvoltage, voltage 2.42V" is displayed on the touch screen. At the same time, the fault time and treatment measures (such as reducing the charging current to 0.1C) are recorded to ensure the safe operation of the battery.

[0059] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A railway dedicated power monitoring system, characterized in that, It includes a monitoring host, a comprehensive measurement module, a battery monitoring unit, a remaining wire detection module, and a dry contact output module, where: The monitoring host is used to collect, process, display, and control data, equipped with a color touch screen display, supports RS232 and RS485 communication interfaces, and can manage the charging and discharging of the power supply module and the battery pack; The comprehensive measurement module is used to detect AC parameters, DC parameters, and digital inputs / outputs, supports the measurement of multiple channels of voltage, current, and temperature, and can detect the bus insulation resistance; The battery monitoring unit is used to collect battery voltage and ambient temperature, and supports the monitoring of multiple battery sections; The remaining wire detection module is used to monitor switch trips, switch states, and insulation resistance, and supports the detection of multiple switches; The dry contact output module is used to provide an external device control interface and supports multiple dry contact outputs.

2. The railway special power supply monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring host supports the MODBUS-RTU communication protocol and can be optionally configured with the IEC61850 protocol for connection to the power station automation system.

3. The railway dedicated power supply monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The comprehensive measurement module can detect 1 channel of three-phase AC voltage, 3 channels of DC voltage, 2 channels of current, 1 channel of ambient temperature, and supports 24 digital inputs and 8 digital outputs.

4. The railway dedicated power supply monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein The battery monitoring unit includes models PMU-B2, PMU-B3, and PMU-B4. Among them, PMU-B2 can collect 1 group of ambient temperature and 19 single-cell battery voltages, PMU-B3 can collect 2 groups of ambient temperature and 55 single-cell battery voltages, and PMU-B4 can collect 2 groups of ambient temperature and 110 single-cell battery voltages.

5. The railway dedicated power supply monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein The remaining wire detection module can detect 64 or 32 switch trips and switch states, and can measure the bus voltage to ground and insulation resistance, and the branch insulation resistance to ground. The remaining wire detection module supports RS485 and CAN interface communications.

6. The railway dedicated power supply monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dry contact output module provides 16 dry contact outputs, among which 4 are normally open and normally closed outputs. The dry contact output module communicates with the monitoring host through the RS485 interface.

7. The railway dedicated power supply monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Adopting a modular design, each module has independent functions and can be freely combined to meet the railway power supply requirements of different scales.

8. The railway special power supply monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring host can store more than 100,000 operation records and fault data, and supports user-defined digital input alarms and parameter settings. The parameter settings include equalizing charge voltage, floating charge voltage, and current limit value.

9. The railway dedicated power supply monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring host conducts master-slave communication with the comprehensive measurement module, battery monitoring unit, remaining wire detection module, and dry contact output module through the RS485 bus, and supports fault early warning and control functions.

10. The railway dedicated power supply monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery voltage measurement accuracy of the battery monitoring unit is 0.5% or ≤10mV.

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