Water and fertilizer integrated fine management method and system for potatoes in arid region

Abstract

The invention provides a water and fertilizer integrated fine management method and system for potatoes in an arid region, and relates to the technical field of agricultural production automatic management. A watering schedule and a fertilization schedule of the potatoes in each growth stage are formulated, and transpiration data, water shortage evaluation data and fertilizer shortage evaluation data of the potatoes are collected; analyzing to generate a corrected watering amount under the current watering day and a corrected fertilizing amount under the current fertilizing day; acquiring conductivity data and bioelectricity data of the potatoes, further analyzing to obtain potato root system absorption activity, and acquiring potato water application amount and potato fertilizer application amount according to the potato root system absorption activity, the corrected watering amount and the corrected fertilizer application amount; and potato water and fertilizer integrated management in the water-deficient and fertilizer-deficient areas is completed. The invention provides a scientific basis for accurately regulating and controlling the water application amount and the fertilization amount, and can promote the healthy growth and increase the yield of the plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of automated agricultural production management, and specifically to a method and system for fine management of integrated water and fertilizer for potatoes in arid areas. Background Art

[0002] In arid areas, water resource shortage and insufficient soil fertility are the main factors restricting agricultural production. Especially for crops with high water and fertilizer requirements such as potatoes, traditional water and fertilizer management methods often fail to meet their growth needs. Existing water and fertilizer management means mainly rely on experience and fixed application standards, lacking real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of the actual needs of the soil and crops, resulting in waste of resources and restricted growth of crops. In addition, traditional monitoring means mostly involve single data collection, failing to effectively integrate the water and nutrient status of the soil and plants, making it difficult to achieve precise water and fertilizer application, increasing the economic burden and management complexity of farmers.

[0003] In the prior art, the publication number CN107360775B discloses a method and control system for controlling the fertilization accuracy of an integrated water and fertilizer device. By establishing a fertilization accuracy control model for the integrated water and fertilizer device; using the estimation of distribution algorithm to solve the optimal solution of the fertilization accuracy control model. This prior art combines the estimation of distribution algorithm with the fertilization accuracy control model of the integrated water and fertilizer device to solve the optimal control process for improving the control accuracy of the integrated water and fertilizer device; compared with time control and PID control, the method proposed in this prior art, while fully considering the influence caused by the system structure delay, adopts a whole-process control method to improve the control accuracy of the device; enabling the integrated water and fertilizer device to improve the accuracy control of the fertilization concentration and enhancing the performance of the integrated water and fertilizer device. However, this prior art still has deficiencies; the current prior art mainly focuses on the research of fertilization methods and fertilization effects, lacking an effective determination of whether crops need fertilization. This defect makes the nutritional management of crops less precise, possibly leading to over-fertilization or under-fertilization, thus affecting the growth and yield of crops. Secondly, this prior art is obsessed with the research of fertilizer solution and ignores the in-depth analysis of the growth status of the crops themselves. This one-sided research method may result in the use of fertilizers not matching the actual needs of the crops, thus affecting the healthy growth and final yield of the crops.

[0004] The above information disclosed in the background art section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and thus it may include information that does not constitute the prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for fine management of integrated water and fertilizer for potatoes in arid areas to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A fine management method for integrated water and fertilizer of potatoes in arid areas, the specific steps include:

[0008] Step 1: Formulate a watering schedule and a fertilization schedule for potatoes at each growth stage. The growth stages include the germination stage, the seedling stage, the growth stage, the flowering stage, the tuber swelling stage, and the mature stage. The watering schedule includes the watering date and the corresponding watering amount, and the fertilization schedule includes the fertilization date and the corresponding fertilization amount. The fertilization date is included within the watering date.

[0009] Step 2: Divide the potato planting area into N areas of equal area, and obtain the water shortage assessment data and fertilizer shortage assessment data of the potatoes in each area on the current watering date. The water shortage assessment data includes the leaf temperature and the air temperature, and the fertilizer shortage assessment data includes the measured chlorophyll content, the measured vegetation normalized difference index, the measured soil nitrogen content, the measured soil phosphorus content, and the measured soil potassium content.

[0010] Step 3: Obtain the transpiration amount of the potatoes yesterday, and combine it with the water shortage assessment data on the current watering date to generate the corrected watering amount on the current watering date. Determine whether the current watering date is a fertilization date. If not, no fertilization amount correction and fertilization operation are performed. If so, generate the corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization date according to the fertilizer shortage assessment data.

[0011] Step 4: Obtain the average root conductivity of the potatoes and the average soil conductivity through electrical impedance tomography technology, obtain the bioelectrical signal of the main stem of the potatoes, analyze the bioelectrical signal of the main stem of the potatoes to obtain the frequency and spectral energy of the potato bioelectrical signal, calculate the root absorption activity of the potatoes according to the average root conductivity, the average soil conductivity, the frequency of the potato bioelectrical signal, and the spectral energy, and obtain the water application amount and the fertilization amount of the potatoes according to the root absorption activity of the potatoes, the corrected watering amount, and the corrected fertilization amount.

[0012] Step 5: Configure a potato water and fertilizer solution according to the water application amount and the fertilization amount of the potatoes and perform irrigation to complete the integrated management of potato water and fertilizer.

[0013] Furthermore, the water shortage assessment data of the potatoes includes the leaf temperature, the air temperature, the historical highest leaf temperature and the historical lowest leaf temperature of the potatoes in the growth stage to which the current watering date belongs; the fertilizer shortage assessment data includes: the measured chlorophyll content, the measured vegetation normalized difference index, the measured soil nitrogen content, the measured soil phosphorus content, and the measured soil potassium content, the ideal chlorophyll content, the ideal vegetation normalized difference index, the ideal soil nitrogen content, the ideal soil phosphorus content, and the ideal soil potassium content of the potatoes in the growth stage to which the current watering date belongs.

[0014] Further, the specific logic for generating the corrected watering amount on the current watering day is as follows: based on the leaf temperature, air temperature, historical maximum leaf temperature, and historical minimum leaf temperature, generate a potato water shortage evaluation coefficient, preset a potato water shortage evaluation threshold, and generate the corrected watering amount on the current watering day based on the generated potato water shortage evaluation coefficient, the generated potato water shortage evaluation threshold, the transpiration amount of the potato yesterday, and the planned water application amount.

[0015] The specific formula for generating the potato water shortage evaluation coefficient is as follows:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, QW is the potato water shortage evaluation coefficient, T L is the leaf temperature, T A is the air temperature, T MAX is the historical maximum leaf temperature, T MIN is the historical minimum leaf temperature;

[0018] The specific formula for generating the corrected watering amount on the current watering day is as follows:

[0019]

[0020] Among them, NW is the corrected watering amount on the current watering day, ET is the transpiration amount of the potato yesterday, QW is the potato water shortage evaluation coefficient, QW0 is the potato water shortage evaluation threshold, and NA is the planned water application amount for the watering day in the watering plan;

[0021] Further, the specific logic for generating the corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization day is as follows: generate a potato fertilizer shortage evaluation coefficient based on the fertilizer shortage evaluation data, preset a potato fertilizer shortage evaluation threshold, and generate the corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization day based on the potato fertilizer shortage evaluation coefficient, the potato fertilizer shortage evaluation coefficient, and the planned fertilization amount;

[0022] The formula for generating the potato fertilizer shortage evaluation coefficient is as follows:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, QN is the potato fertilizer shortage evaluation coefficient, SP is the measured chlorophyll content, SP0 is the ideal chlorophyll content, NDVI0 is the ideal vegetation normalized difference index, NDVI is the measured vegetation normalized difference index, C N0 is the ideal soil nitrogen content, C N is the measured soil nitrogen content, C P0 is the ideal soil phosphorus content, C P is the measured soil phosphorus content, C K0 is the ideal soil potassium content, C K is the measured soil potassium content.

[0025] The specific formula for generating the corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization day is as follows:

[0026] NN = NL[1 + (QN - QN0)%]

[0027] Where NN is the corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization day, NL is the planned fertilization amount on the current fertilization day, QN is the potato fertilizer deficiency assessment coefficient, and QN0 is the potato fertilizer deficiency assessment threshold.

[0028] Furthermore, a set of ERT probes is buried in each potato planting area to form an underground 3D electrical impedance tomography network. The electrical conductivity gradient of potato roots, the average electrical conductivity of roots, and the average electrical conductivity of the soil are obtained through the underground 3D electrical impedance tomography network. The bioelectric signal of the potato main stem is acquired, and the frequency and spectral energy of the potato bioelectric signal are obtained by analyzing the bioelectric signal of the potato main stem. The absorption activity of potato roots is calculated based on the average electrical conductivity of roots, the average electrical conductivity of the soil, the frequency and spectral energy of the potato bioelectric signal. The specific formula for calculating the absorption activity of potato roots is as follows:

[0029]

[0030] Where HL is the absorption activity of potato roots, HE is the spectral energy of the potato bioelectric signal, F is the frequency of the potato bioelectric signal, is the electrical conductivity gradient of potato roots, R S is the average electrical conductivity of potato roots, S S is the average electrical conductivity of the potato soil.

[0031] Furthermore,

[0032] The potato water application amount and the potato fertilization amount are obtained based on the absorption activity of potato roots, the corrected water application amount, and the corrected fertilization amount. The specific formula for calculating the potato water application amount is as follows:

[0033] SW = NW*(1 + HL%)

[0034] Where SW is the potato water application amount, HL is the absorption activity of potato roots, and NW is the corrected water application amount on the current watering day;

[0035] The specific formula for calculating the potato fertilization amount is as follows:

[0036] SN = NN*(1 + HL%)

[0037] Where SN is the potato fertilization amount, and NL is the planned fertilization amount on the current fertilization day.

[0038] The present invention further provides a fine management system for integrated water and fertilizer of potatoes in arid areas, which is used to implement the method for fine management of integrated water and fertilizer of potatoes in arid areas, specifically including:

[0039] A plan formulation module, which is used to formulate a watering plan table and a fertilization plan table for potatoes at each growth stage. The growth stages include the germination stage, the seedling stage, the growth stage, the flowering stage, the tuber swelling stage, and the mature stage. The watering plan table includes the watering date and the corresponding planned watering amount, and the fertilization plan table includes the fertilization date and the corresponding planned fertilization amount, and the fertilization date is included within the watering date;

[0040] A data acquisition module, which is used to divide the potato planting area into N areas with equal areas, and acquire the water shortage evaluation data and fertilizer shortage evaluation data of potatoes in each area on the current watering date. The water shortage evaluation data includes leaf temperature and air temperature, and the fertilizer shortage evaluation data includes measured chlorophyll content, measured vegetation normalized difference index, measured soil nitrogen content, measured soil phosphorus content, and measured soil potassium content;

[0041] A correction calculation module, which is used to acquire the transpiration amount of potatoes yesterday, and combine the water shortage evaluation data on the current watering date to generate the corrected watering amount on the current watering date, and judge whether the current watering date is a fertilization date. If not, no fertilization amount correction and fertilization operation are performed. If so, according to the fertilizer shortage evaluation data, generate the corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization date;

[0042] A dosage calculation module, which is used to obtain the average root conductivity of potatoes and the average soil conductivity through electrical impedance tomography technology, acquire the bioelectrical signal of the main stem of potatoes, analyze the bioelectrical signal of the main stem of potatoes to obtain the frequency and spectral energy of the potato bioelectrical signal, calculate the root absorption activity of potatoes according to the average root conductivity, average soil conductivity, frequency of potato bioelectrical signal and spectral energy, and obtain the water application amount and fertilization amount of potatoes according to the root absorption activity of potatoes, corrected watering amount, and corrected fertilization amount;

[0043] A fertilization management module, which is used to configure the potato water and fertilizer solution according to the water application amount and fertilization amount of potatoes and perform irrigation to complete the integrated management of potato water and fertilizer.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0045] The present invention generates a potato water shortage evaluation coefficient and a potato fertilizer shortage evaluation coefficient based on the analysis of potato water shortage and fertilizer shortage. These two coefficients can accurately reflect the water shortage and fertilizer shortage of potatoes, providing an important basis for subsequent water application and fertilization; by scientifically evaluating the water shortage and fertilizer shortage, water application and fertilization can be carried out according to the actual needs of crops, avoiding waste of resources and realizing refined fertilization management.

[0046] The present invention also analyzes the absorption of water and nutrients by potato roots to generate the absorption activity of potato roots, and realizes the precise regulation of the water application rate and fertilization rate of potatoes through the absorption activity of potato roots, which has a huge positive effect.

[0047] The present invention also analyzes the absorption of water and nutrients by potato roots, and can generate the absorption activity of potato roots. This index can not only reflect the absorption capacity of the roots, but also provide a scientific basis for precisely regulating the water application rate and fertilization rate. This precise regulation can effectively optimize the water and fertilizer management, ensure that the potatoes obtain the required water and nutrients during the growth process, and thus promote their healthy growth and increase the yield. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0048] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall method flow of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall system structure of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0051] It should be noted that unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should have the ordinary meanings understood by those with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. The terms such as "including" or "comprising" mean that the elements or objects appearing before this term cover the elements or objects listed after this term and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right" are only used to indicate the relative positional relationship, and when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0052] Embodiment:

[0053] Please refer to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0054] A method for fine management of potato water and fertilizer integration in arid areas, the specific steps include:

[0055] Step 1: Develop a watering schedule and a fertilization schedule for potatoes at each growth stage. The growth stages include the germination stage, the seedling stage, the growth stage, the flowering stage, the tuber swelling stage, and the maturity stage. The watering schedule includes the watering date and the corresponding watering volume, and the fertilization schedule includes the fertilization date and the corresponding fertilization volume, and the fertilization date is included within the watering date.

[0056] Step 2: Divide the potato planting area into N regions of equal area, and obtain the water shortage assessment data and the fertilizer shortage assessment data of the potatoes in each region on the current watering date. The water shortage assessment data includes the leaf temperature and the air temperature, and the fertilizer shortage assessment data includes the measured chlorophyll content, the measured vegetation normalized difference index, the measured soil nitrogen content, the measured soil phosphorus content, and the measured soil potassium content.

[0057] The water shortage assessment data of the potatoes includes the leaf temperature, the air temperature, the historical highest leaf temperature and the historical lowest leaf temperature of the potatoes in the growth stage to which the current watering date belongs; the fertilizer shortage assessment data includes: the measured chlorophyll content, the measured vegetation normalized difference index, the measured soil nitrogen content, the measured soil phosphorus content, and the measured soil potassium content, the ideal chlorophyll content, the ideal vegetation normalized difference index, the ideal soil nitrogen content, the ideal soil phosphorus content, and the ideal soil potassium content of the potatoes in the growth stage to which the current watering date belongs.

[0058] The chlorophyll content can be obtained through a spectral sensor, and the leaf temperature and the air temperature can be obtained through a temperature sensor; the measured soil nitrogen content, the measured soil phosphorus content, and the measured soil potassium content can be obtained through nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium sensors, and the vegetation normalized difference index can be obtained through the analysis of remote sensing images taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle. The specific formula is:

[0059]

[0060] Among them, NDVI is the measured vegetation normalized difference index, NIR is the reflectance of the near-infrared band, and RED is the reflectance of the red band.

[0061] The historical highest leaf temperature and the historical lowest leaf temperature; are obtained through historical data. The ideal chlorophyll content, the ideal vegetation normalized difference index, the ideal soil nitrogen content, the ideal soil phosphorus content, and the ideal soil potassium content of each growth stage of the potatoes reflect the ideal highest levels of various data; are given through inviting experts in the potato planting field to conduct demonstration and analysis according to the local specific situation.

[0062] The basis for judging whether the potatoes are short of water or fertilizer is: set a water shortage assessment threshold for the potatoes and a fertilizer shortage assessment threshold for the potatoes. If the water shortage assessment coefficient of the potatoes is greater than the water shortage assessment threshold, it is judged that the potatoes are short of water. If the fertilizer shortage assessment coefficient of the potatoes is greater than the fertilizer shortage assessment threshold for the potatoes, it is judged that the potatoes are short of fertilizer.

[0063] Step 3: Obtain the transpiration amount of potatoes yesterday, and combine it with the water shortage assessment data of the current watering day to generate the corrected watering amount for the current watering day. Determine whether the current watering day is a fertilization day. If not, no fertilization amount correction or fertilization operation is performed. If so, generate the corrected fertilization amount for the current fertilization day according to the fertilizer shortage assessment data. The transpiration amount of potatoes yesterday can be obtained by querying the weather station in the potato planting area.

[0064] The specific logic for generating the corrected watering amount for the current watering day is as follows: Based on the leaf temperature, air temperature, historical highest leaf temperature, and historical lowest leaf temperature, generate a potato water shortage assessment coefficient. Preset a potato water shortage assessment threshold. Generate the corrected watering amount for the current watering day according to the generated potato water shortage assessment coefficient, the generated potato water shortage assessment threshold, the transpiration amount of potatoes yesterday, and the planned water application amount.

[0065] The specific formula for generating the potato water shortage assessment coefficient is as follows:

[0066]

[0067] where QW is the potato water shortage assessment coefficient, T L is the leaf temperature, T A is the air temperature, T MAX is the historical highest leaf temperature, T MIN is the historical lowest leaf temperature;

[0068] Each coefficient of the potato water shortage assessment coefficient reflects the water shortage situation of potatoes. The larger the value, the more serious the water shortage of potatoes. The leaf temperature is an important indicator of the plant's physiological state. When the plant is short of water, the leaf temperature usually rises because insufficient water leads to weakened transpiration and ineffective cooling. T L -T A reflects the water condition and physiological state of the plant under the current environmental conditions. Normally, the plant regulates the leaf temperature through transpiration, making the leaf temperature lower than or close to the air temperature. When the plant is short of water, the transpiration ability weakens, and the leaf temperature T L will rise, resulting in an increase in T L -T A . T MAX -T MIN is used to normalize this temperature difference.

[0069] The specific formula for generating the corrected watering amount for the current watering day is as follows:

[0070]

[0071] Among them, NW is the corrected watering amount on the current watering day, ET is the transpiration amount of the potato yesterday, QW is the water shortage assessment coefficient of the potato, QW0 is the water shortage assessment threshold of the potato, and NA is the planned water application amount on the watering day in the watering plan.

[0072] The corrected watering amount reflects the additional amount of water required by the potato at the current growth stage. The greater the water shortage, the more serious the water shortage of the plant, and the more water needs to be replenished urgently. ET represents the amount of water consumed by normal transpiration. The larger its value, the greater the water shortage of the plant; ET(QW - QW0) reflects the amount of water that needs to be replenished for the potato to recover from the water shortage state to the normal state. The larger its value, the greater the water shortage of the plant; 0.1ET represents the amount of water consumed by other physiological behaviors of the plant except transpiration. The larger its value, the greater the water shortage of the plant.

[0073] In the formula It can be expressed as 1 represents the originally planned water application amount, Part reflects the degree of correction of the planned water application amount considering the above influences.

[0074] By combining the transpiration amount, the water shortage assessment coefficient and threshold, and the water consumption of the plant's normal physiological activities, the corrected watering amount effectively estimates the water shortage state of the plant at the current growth stage. Each parameter affects each other and jointly determines the water demand of the plant. By reasonably using this formula, irrigation management can be carried out more scientifically to ensure the healthy growth of the potato.

[0075] The specific logic for generating the corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization day is as follows: Generate the fertilizer shortage assessment coefficient of the potato based on the fertilizer shortage assessment data, preset the fertilizer shortage assessment threshold of the potato, and generate the corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization day based on the fertilizer shortage assessment coefficient of the potato, the fertilizer shortage assessment coefficient of the potato, and the planned fertilization amount.

[0076] The formula for generating the fertilizer shortage assessment coefficient of the potato is:

[0077]

[0078] Among them, QN is the fertilizer shortage assessment coefficient of the potato, SP is the measured chlorophyll content, SP0 is the ideal chlorophyll content, NDVI0 is the ideal vegetation normalized difference index, NDVI is the measured vegetation normalized difference index, C N0 is the ideal soil nitrogen content, C N is the measured soil nitrogen content, C P0 is the ideal soil phosphorus content, C P is the measured soil phosphorus content, C K0 is the ideal soil potassium content, C K is the measured soil potassium content.

[0079] The potato fertilizer deficiency assessment coefficient reflects the degree of fertilizer deficiency in potatoes. The larger the value, the more serious the fertilizer deficiency; the larger its value, the more serious the fertilizer deficiency in potatoes. Measure the actual chlorophyll content, the photosynthesis ability and the health status of the plant. A low chlorophyll content usually means insufficient plant nutrition. The larger its value, the more serious the nutritional deficiency; By comparing the actual chlorophyll content with the ideal chlorophyll content, evaluate the degree of chlorophyll deficiency. The closer this value is to 1, the further the actual chlorophyll content is from the ideal value, and the greater the degree of deficiency; conversely, the smaller the degree of deficiency. NDVI is used to evaluate the health status and growth of vegetation, reflecting the greenness and growth vitality of vegetation. The larger its value, the healthier the plant. NDVI0 - NDVI reflects the health status of vegetation by comparing the ideal NDVI and the actual NDVI0. The lower its value, the better the health status of the plant and the smaller the probability of fertilizer deficiency. By evaluating the relative contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, comprehensively reflect the relative degree of insufficient soil nutrient supply. Among them, C N 、C P 、C K The lower the content, the more nutrients the potato needs to supplement. Therefore, the larger it is, the more serious the fertilizer deficiency in potatoes.

[0080] The specific formula for generating the corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization day is:

[0081] NN = NL[1+(QN - QN0)%]

[0082] Where, NN is the corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization day, NL is the planned fertilization amount on the current fertilization day, QN is the potato fertilizer deficiency assessment coefficient, and QN0 is the potato fertilizer deficiency assessment threshold.

[0083] The corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization day reflects the degree of fertilizer deficiency in potatoes. A larger value means that more fertilizer is needed in fertilization management to meet the growth needs of potatoes. The planned fertilization amount on the current fertilization day is the fertilization amount specified in the schedule. (QN - QN0)% reflects the correction of the planned fertilization amount. The larger its value, the greater the correction intensity. Step 4: Obtain the average root conductivity of potatoes and the average soil conductivity through electrical impedance tomography technology, obtain the bioelectrical signal of the main stem of potatoes, analyze the bioelectrical signal of the main stem of potatoes to obtain the frequency and spectral energy of the potato bioelectrical signal, calculate the root absorption activity of potatoes according to the average root conductivity, soil average conductivity, potato bioelectrical signal frequency and spectral energy, and obtain the water application amount and fertilization amount of potatoes according to the root absorption activity of potatoes, corrected watering amount and corrected fertilization amount;

[0084] A set of ERT probes is buried in each potato planting area to form an underground 3D electrical impedance imaging network. The electrical conductivity gradient of potato roots, the average electrical conductivity of roots, and the average electrical conductivity of the soil are obtained through the underground 3D electrical impedance imaging network. The bioelectrical signal of the potato main stem is acquired, and the frequency and spectral energy of the potato bioelectrical signal are obtained by analyzing the bioelectrical signal of the potato main stem. The root absorption activity of the potato is calculated based on the average electrical conductivity of the roots, the average electrical conductivity of the soil, the frequency and spectral energy of the potato bioelectrical signal. The specific formula for calculating the root absorption activity of the potato is as follows:

[0085]

[0086] where HL is the root absorption activity of the potato, HR is the spectral energy of the potato bioelectrical signal, F is the frequency of the potato bioelectrical signal, is the electrical conductivity gradient of the potato roots, and R S is the average electrical conductivity of the potato roots, and S S is the average electrical conductivity of the potato soil. The root absorption activity of the potato reflects the root's ability to absorb water and nutrients. The larger the value, the stronger the root absorption ability. This formula comprehensively considers multiple factors (the bioelectrical activity of plants, the electrical conductivity of roots and soil), and can relatively comprehensively evaluate the root absorption activity of potatoes. It can also optimize the application strategies of water and nutrients to ensure that plants obtain appropriate water and nutrients at different growth stages. It also provides a scientific method to monitor and manage the growth status of plants, helps to achieve precision agriculture, and improves crop yield and quality. The spectral energy of the potato bioelectrical signal reflects the intensity of plant bioelectrical activity. A higher spectral energy of the potato bioelectrical signal indicates that the plant is in good physiological condition and has strong growth vitality, which is usually related to good root absorption ability. The frequency of the potato bioelectrical signal is directly related to the plant's physiological state and metabolic activities. A higher frequency indicates more active physiological processes, and active physiological processes will increase the root's ability to absorb water and nutrients, thereby increasing the root absorption activity of the potato. The electrical conductivity gradient of the potato roots represents the change in root electrical conductivity and is related to the interaction between roots and soil. A larger electrical conductivity gradient means that the roots can carry out more effective water and nutrient exchange in the environment, thereby increasing the root absorption activity. The average electrical conductivity of the potato roots describes the electrical conductance ability of the roots and directly affects the absorption efficiency of water and nutrients. High electrical conductivity can enhance the root cells' ability to absorb water and nutrients and promote root growth and development. The average electrical conductivity of the potato soil affects the availability of nutrients. The soil conditions interact with the plant bioelectrical signal. The higher the electrical conductivity of the soil, the more effective the water and nutrient exchange between the roots and the soil, thereby promoting root absorption activity.

[0087] Obtain the potato water application rate and potato fertilization rate based on the potato root absorption activity, the corrected water application amount, and the corrected fertilization amount; the specific formula for calculating the potato water application rate is:

[0088] SW = NW * (1 + HL%)

[0089] where SW is the potato water application rate, HL is the potato root absorption activity, and NW is the corrected water application amount on the current watering day;

[0090] The specific formula for calculating the potato fertilization rate is:

[0091] SN = NN * (1 + HL%)

[0092] where SN is the potato fertilization rate, and NL is the planned fertilization amount on the current fertilization day.

[0093] The potato water application rate reflects the actual water application rate adjusted according to the root absorption activity and the corrected water application rate after correcting the water application plan; the potato fertilization rate reflects the actual fertilization rate adjusted according to the corrected fertilization amount and the root absorption activity after correcting the fertilization plan. Since potatoes cannot fully absorb all the water and nutrients in the soil, the actual water and fertilizer application need to increase the corresponding water and fertilizer based on the original water and fertilizer deficiencies according to the potato root absorption activity.

[0094] Step 5: Configure the potato water and fertilizer solution according to the potato water application rate and potato fertilization rate and conduct irrigation to complete the integrated management of potato water and fertilizer.

[0095] Prepare the fertilizer solution according to the potato water application rate and the fertilization amount of the i-th fertilizer of the potato, and transport the fertilizer solution to the corresponding water / fertilizer-deficient area to complete the water and fertilizer application operations for the potatoes in this area.

[0096] The present invention further provides a precise integrated management system for potato water and fertilizer in arid areas, and the system is used to implement the precise integrated management method for potato water and fertilizer in arid areas, specifically including:

[0097] A plan formulation module, which is used to formulate a watering schedule and a fertilization schedule for potatoes at each growth stage. The growth stages include the germination stage, the seedling stage, the growth stage, the flowering stage, the tuber swelling stage, and the maturity stage. The watering schedule includes the watering day and the corresponding planned water application amount, and the fertilization schedule includes the fertilization day and the corresponding planned fertilization amount, and the fertilization day is included in the watering day;

[0098] A data acquisition module, which is used to divide the potato planting area into N regions with equal areas, and acquire the water shortage evaluation data and fertilizer shortage evaluation data of potatoes in each region on the current watering day. The water shortage evaluation data includes leaf temperature and air temperature, and the fertilizer shortage evaluation data includes measured chlorophyll content, measured vegetation normalized difference index, measured soil nitrogen content, measured soil phosphorus content, and measured soil potassium content;

[0099] A correction calculation module, which is used to acquire the transpiration amount of potatoes yesterday, and generate a corrected watering amount on the current watering day in combination with the water shortage evaluation data of the current watering day, and determine whether the current watering day is a fertilization day. If not, no fertilizer amount correction and fertilization operation are performed. If so, a corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization day is generated according to the fertilizer shortage evaluation data;

[0100] A dosage calculation module, which is used to obtain the average root conductivity of potatoes and the average soil conductivity through electrical impedance tomography technology, acquire the bioelectric signal of the main stem of potatoes, analyze the bioelectric signal of the main stem of potatoes to obtain the frequency and spectral energy of the potato bioelectric signal, calculate the root absorption activity of potatoes according to the average root conductivity, average soil conductivity, frequency of potato bioelectric signal and spectral energy, and obtain the water application amount and fertilizer application amount of potatoes according to the root absorption activity of potatoes, corrected watering amount, and corrected fertilization amount;

[0101] A fertilization management module, which is used to configure a potato water and fertilizer solution according to the water application amount and fertilizer application amount of potatoes and perform irrigation to complete the integrated management of potato water and fertilizer.

[0102] The above formulas are all calculated by taking the numerical values after dimensionless. The formula is a formula obtained by software simulation through collecting a large amount of data to approximate the real situation. The preset parameters in the formula are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0103] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. Those skilled in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or by the combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed by hardware or software methods depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0104] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0105] As described above, it is only the specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A fine management method for integrated water and fertilizer of potatoes in arid areas, characterized in that, The specific steps include: Step 1: Develop a watering schedule and a fertilization schedule for potatoes at each growth stage. The growth stages include the germination stage, the seedling stage, the growth stage, the flowering stage, the tuber bulking stage, and the maturity stage. The watering schedule includes the watering date and the corresponding planned water application volume, and the fertilization schedule includes the fertilization date and the corresponding planned fertilization volume. The fertilization date is included within the watering date. Step 2: Divide the potato planting area into N areas of equal area, and obtain the water shortage assessment data and fertilizer shortage assessment data of the potatoes in each area on the current watering date. The water shortage assessment data includes the leaf temperature and the air temperature, and the fertilizer shortage assessment data includes the measured chlorophyll content, the measured vegetation normalized difference index, the measured soil nitrogen content, the measured soil phosphorus content, and the measured soil potassium content. Step 3: Obtain the transpiration amount of the potatoes yesterday, and combine it with the water shortage assessment data on the current watering date to generate the corrected water application volume on the current watering date. Determine whether the current watering date is a fertilization date. If not, no correction of the fertilization volume and fertilization operation is performed. If so, generate the corrected fertilization volume on the current fertilization date according to the fertilizer shortage assessment data. Step 4: Obtain the average root conductivity of the potatoes and the average soil conductivity through electrical impedance tomography. Obtain the bioelectrical signal of the main stem of the potatoes, analyze the bioelectrical signal of the main stem of the potatoes to obtain the frequency and spectral energy of the potato bioelectrical signal. Calculate the root absorption activity of the potatoes based on the average root conductivity, the average soil conductivity, the frequency and spectral energy of the potato bioelectrical signal. Obtain the water application volume and the fertilization volume of the potatoes based on the root absorption activity of the potatoes, the corrected water application volume, and the corrected fertilization volume. Step 5: Configure the potato water and fertilizer solution according to the water application volume and the fertilization volume of the potatoes and conduct irrigation to complete the integrated management of potato water and fertilizer.

2. The method for fine management of integrated water and fertilizer for potatoes in arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water shortage assessment data of the potatoes includes the leaf temperature, the air temperature, the historical highest leaf temperature and the historical lowest leaf temperature of the potatoes in the growth stage to which the current watering date belongs; the fertilizer shortage assessment data includes: the measured chlorophyll content, the measured vegetation normalized difference index, the measured soil nitrogen content, the measured soil phosphorus content, and the measured soil potassium content, the ideal chlorophyll content, the ideal vegetation normalized difference index, the ideal soil nitrogen content, the ideal soil phosphorus content, and the ideal soil potassium content of the potatoes in the growth stage to which the current watering date belongs.

3. The method for fine management of integrated water and fertilizer for potatoes in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific logic for generating the corrected water application volume on the current watering date is: generate a potato water shortage assessment coefficient based on the leaf temperature, the air temperature, the historical highest leaf temperature, and the historical lowest leaf temperature; preset a potato water shortage assessment threshold, and generate the corrected water application volume on the current watering date based on the generated potato water shortage assessment coefficient, the generated potato water shortage assessment threshold, the transpiration amount of the potatoes yesterday, and the planned water application volume. The specific formula for generating the potato water shortage assessment coefficient is: Among them, QW is the potato water shortage assessment coefficient, T L is the leaf temperature, T A is the air temperature, T MAX is the historical highest leaf temperature, T MIN is the historical lowest leaf temperature; The specific formula for generating the corrected water application volume on the current watering date is: Where, NW is the corrected water application volume on the current watering date, ET is the transpiration amount of the potatoes yesterday, QW is the potato water shortage assessment coefficient, QW0 is the potato water shortage assessment threshold, and NA is the planned water application volume on the current watering date.

4. The fine management method for integrated water and fertilizer of potatoes in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific logic for generating the corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization day is as follows: Generate a potato fertilizer deficiency evaluation coefficient based on the fertilizer deficiency evaluation data, preset a potato fertilizer deficiency evaluation threshold, and generate the corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization day based on the potato fertilizer deficiency evaluation coefficient, the potato fertilizer deficiency evaluation coefficient, and the planned fertilization amount; The formula for generating the potato fertilizer deficiency evaluation coefficient is: Among them, QN is the potato fertilizer deficiency evaluation coefficient, SP is the measured chlorophyll content, SP0 is the ideal chlorophyll content, NDVI0 is the ideal vegetation normalized difference index, NDVI is the measured vegetation normalized difference index, C N0 is the ideal soil nitrogen content, C N is the measured soil nitrogen content, C P0 is the ideal soil phosphorus content, C P is the measured soil phosphorus content, C K0 is the ideal soil potassium content, C K is the measured soil potassium content. The specific formula for generating the corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization day is: NN = NL[1 + (QN - QN0)%] Where, NN is the corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization day, NL is the planned fertilization amount on the current fertilization day, QN is the potato fertilizer deficiency evaluation coefficient, and QN0 is the potato fertilizer deficiency evaluation threshold.

5. The method for fine management of potato water and fertilizer integration in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: A group of ERT probes are buried in each potato planting area to form an underground 3D electrical impedance imaging network. The average electrical conductivity of potato roots and the average electrical conductivity of the soil are obtained through the underground 3D electrical impedance imaging network, the bioelectric signal of the potato main stem is obtained, and the frequency and spectral energy of the potato bioelectric signal are obtained by analyzing the bioelectric signal of the potato main stem. Calculate the absorption activity of potato roots according to the average electrical conductivity of roots, the average electrical conductivity of the soil, the frequency of potato bioelectric signal and spectral energy; The specific formula for calculating the absorption activity of potato roots is: Among them, HL is the absorption activity of potato roots, HR is the spectral energy of potato bioelectric signals, F is the frequency of potato bioelectric signals, is the conductivity gradient of potato roots, R s is the average conductivity of potato roots, S S is the average soil conductivity of potatoes.

6. The method for fine management of integrated water and fertilizer for potatoes in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: Obtain the potato water application amount and the potato fertilization amount according to the absorption activity of potato roots, the corrected water application amount, and the corrected fertilization amount; The specific formula for calculating the potato water application amount is: SW = NW*(1 + HL%) Where, SW is the potato water application amount, HL is the absorption activity of potato roots, and NW is the corrected water application amount on the current watering day; The specific formula for calculating the potato fertilization amount is: SN = NN*(1 + HL%) Where, SN is the potato fertilization amount, and NL is the planned fertilization amount on the current fertilization day.

7. A fine management system for integrated water and fertilizer of potatoes in arid areas, characterized in that: The system is used to implement the method for fine management of potato water and fertilizer integration in arid areas according to any one of claims 1-6, and specifically includes: A plan formulation module for formulating a watering schedule and a fertilization schedule for potatoes at each growth stage. The growth stages include the germination stage, the seedling stage, the growth stage, the flowering stage, the tuber swelling stage, and the mature stage. The watering schedule includes the watering day and the corresponding planned water application amount, and the fertilization schedule includes the fertilization day and the corresponding planned fertilization amount, and the fertilization day is included within the watering day; A data acquisition module for dividing the potato planting area into N areas of equal area, and acquiring the water shortage evaluation data and the fertilizer deficiency evaluation data of potatoes in each area on the current watering day. The water shortage evaluation data includes the leaf temperature and the air temperature, and the fertilizer deficiency evaluation data includes the measured chlorophyll content, the measured vegetation normalized difference index, the measured soil nitrogen content, the measured soil phosphorus content, and the measured soil potassium content; A correction calculation module, which is used to obtain the transpiration amount of potatoes yesterday, and combine the water shortage assessment data of the current watering day to generate the corrected watering amount on the current watering day, and determine whether the current watering day is a fertilization day. If not, no fertilization amount correction and fertilization operation are performed. If so, according to the fertilizer shortage assessment data, generate the corrected fertilization amount on the current fertilization day; A dosage calculation module, which is used to obtain the average root conductivity of potatoes and the average soil conductivity through electrical impedance tomography technology, obtain the bioelectric signal of the main stem of potatoes, analyze the bioelectric signal of the main stem of potatoes to obtain the frequency and spectral energy of the potato bioelectric signal, and calculate the root absorption activity of potatoes according to the average root conductivity, average soil conductivity, frequency and spectral energy of the potato bioelectric signal, and obtain the water application amount and fertilization amount of potatoes according to the root absorption activity of potatoes, corrected watering amount and corrected fertilization amount; A fertilization management module, which is used to configure the water and fertilizer solution of potatoes according to the water application amount and fertilization amount of potatoes and perform irrigation to complete the integrated management of water and fertilizer for potatoes.

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