An intrusion warning system for highway maintenance

Abstract

The present invention discloses a road intrusion warning system for use during highway maintenance, relating to the field of transportation technology. The system comprises: a recording unit provided within an event monitoring area for recording data on intruding vehicles and uploading it to an Internet of Things cloud platform for classifying and risk-assessing intrusion events; a speed monitoring area for constructing an entry speed function and an exit speed function, which are combined to calculate a dynamic overspeeding reference value as a basis for speeding judgment within the current time window; and a buffer area for providing a dynamic display unit that receives and displays the dynamic overspeeding reference value in real time, updating it sequentially within the time window. The system of the present invention forms a full-chain monitoring system from the buffer area, speed monitoring area, to the event monitoring area. By collecting and analyzing vehicle information, driving speed, and trajectory data, and connecting to an Internet of Things cloud platform, the system can not only determine speeding behavior in real time, but also classify and risk-assess intrusion events, providing reliable data support for subsequent optimization of traffic management strategies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of traffic technology, in particular to an intrusion warning system used during highway maintenance. Background Art

[0002] Highway maintenance typically involves a simultaneous maintenance and traffic flow model. To ensure operational safety and project progress during this process, temporary safety measures are typically deployed within the maintenance area and along upstream and downstream sections of the road. These include warning signs, roadblocks, safety cones, and alarms to alert passing vehicles to slow down and evade obstacles. However, these traditional safety measures rely on the driver's observation and response, presenting significant limitations and potential safety hazards.

[0003] First, traditional temporary safety facilities typically operate statically, failing to dynamically reflect real-time traffic conditions and risk levels. For example, maintenance work areas may rely solely on warning signs and roadblocks. If drivers fail to see the warning signs in time due to distraction, obstructed vision, or inclement weather, they may fail to slow down or change lanes as required. In these situations, vehicles can easily intrude directly into the construction area, threatening the lives of construction workers and potentially leading to serious traffic accidents. For example, during construction on a certain highway, a truck, without slowing down, drove directly into the construction area, injuring several workers and paralyzing traffic.

[0004] Secondly, existing technologies typically use fixed speed thresholds to determine whether a vehicle is speeding or presents a risk. However, because they fail to account for varying traffic flows, environmental conditions, and road characteristics, this approach is prone to false positives and missed alerts in practice. For example, during peak hours, a fixed speed threshold may not accurately determine speeding risks, while during low-traffic periods, excessively wide thresholds may overlook potential dangers, increasing the risk of accidents. Furthermore, existing systems are unable to dynamically adjust speed thresholds, lacking the ability to respond to emergencies such as intrusions in real time and make subsequent adjustments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] 1) Technical issues solved

[0006] The present invention provides an intrusion warning system for highway maintenance, which can adapt to the dynamic changes of traffic flow in different time periods of the maintenance and construction section, and realize comprehensive monitoring of vehicle behavior and early warning protection for construction personnel.

[0007] 2) Technical solution

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an intrusion warning system for use during highway maintenance, which sequentially sets a buffer zone, a speed monitoring zone, and an event monitoring zone on the road section where vehicles are heading towards the highway maintenance construction area;

[0009] The speed monitoring area is provided with a monitoring unit and an analysis unit, which construct a plurality of continuous time windows based on a time sequence, and the monitoring unit is used to record the entry speed of each vehicle entering the speed monitoring area and the exit speed of each vehicle leaving the speed monitoring area in each time window;

[0010] In the current time window, the analysis unit constructs an entry speed function and an exit speed function based on statistical characteristics according to all the entry speeds and exit speeds obtained in the previous adjacent time window, and calculates a dynamic speeding reference value after comprehensive calculation as a basis for speeding judgment in the current time window;

[0011] A recording unit is provided in the event monitoring area, and is used to record the vehicle information, driving speed, and driving trajectory of the intruding vehicles in the event monitoring area. The recording unit is connected to a remote server via an Internet of Things cloud platform, and after uploading the collected data, the remote server classifies and conducts risk assessment on the intrusion events. The risk level of the intrusion event is determined based on the degree of deviation of the driving trajectory, the amplitude of the change in driving speed, and the relative distance from the maintenance construction area.

[0012] When an intrusion event that is determined to be of high risk level occurs, the monitoring unit continues to shorten the unit length of the subsequent set number of time windows until the risk assessment level of the intrusion event in the subsequent time window continues to decrease, and then gradually restores the unit length of the time window to the default value.

[0013] Furthermore, the recording unit includes a camera unit arranged at the entrance section of the event monitoring area. When an intruding vehicle enters the event monitoring area, the camera unit captures the front image and side image of the intruding vehicle in real time during movement, records the captured image data in the form of image frames, and marks the acquisition time of each frame with a timestamp, and identifies the license plate number and vehicle model of the intruding vehicle from the image data as the vehicle information.

[0014] Furthermore, the recording unit also includes a speedometer, which is used to obtain the driving speed of the intruding vehicle. The recording unit records the spatial position of the intruding vehicle in each image frame by marking the timestamp of each image frame, and connects the spatial positions of the intruding vehicle in adjacent image frames to generate trajectory lines, thereby obtaining the driving trajectory of the intruding vehicle in the event monitoring area.

[0015] Furthermore, the monitoring unit includes speedometers respectively arranged at the entrance and exit sections of the speed monitoring area, respectively for recording the entry speed and exit speed of the vehicle in real time, annotating the recorded speed data according to a timestamp, and matching the entry speed and exit speed of the same vehicle by vehicle identification;

[0016] In each of the time windows, the monitoring unit records the entry and exit speeds of each vehicle in real time according to the timestamp sequence, and dynamically updates the data table of the current time window. When a new time window begins, the entry and exit speeds fully recorded in the adjacent previous time window are packaged and transmitted to the analysis unit.

[0017] Furthermore, a warning unit is provided in the speed monitoring area. When the monitoring unit detects that the driving speed of a vehicle exceeds the dynamic speeding reference value, the warning unit records the vehicle information of the vehicle and performs a warning process.

[0018] Furthermore, after the analysis unit receives the complete record of the approaching speed and the approaching speed within a time window transmitted by the monitoring unit in a package, the analysis unit calculates the statistical characteristics of the approaching speed of the vehicle within the time window, including the average approaching speed value, the approaching variance, and the approaching extreme value, and constructs a probability density function of the approaching speed as the approaching speed function based on the statistical characteristics;

[0019] Statistical characteristics of the vehicle exit speed within the time window, including the average exit speed value, the exit variance, and the exit extreme value, are calculated, and a probability density function of the exit speed is constructed according to the statistical characteristics as the exit speed function.

[0020] Furthermore, the analysis unit combines the entry speed function and the exit speed function to obtain a speed distribution model, wherein the speed distribution model is used to reflect the speed distribution trend of all vehicles passing through the entire road section of the speed monitoring area within the corresponding time window;

[0021] Set the upper confidence limit for the velocity distribution model , will exceed the upper confidence limit As the dynamic overspeed reference value in the next adjacent time window :

[0022]

[0023] in, is the entry speed function, is the exit speed function, The velocity distribution model percentile value of .

[0024] Furthermore, a dynamic display unit and a guidance unit for indicating the direction and distance of the construction location are provided in the buffer zone. The dynamic display unit is used to receive the dynamic speeding reference value transmitted by the analysis unit in real time, and the dynamic display unit updates and displays the corresponding dynamic speeding reference value in the order of the constructed time window to reflect the latest dynamic speeding reference value of the upstream section of the maintenance construction.

[0025] Furthermore, based on the intrusion vehicle data received by the remote server, the risk level of the intrusion incident is determined in combination with the degree of deviation of the intrusion vehicle's driving trajectory, the magnitude of the change in driving speed, and the relative distance from the maintenance construction area. Specifically:

[0026] Comparing the current driving trajectory of the intruding vehicle with the set safe trajectory in the event monitoring area and calculating a lateral deviation value, wherein the larger the lateral deviation value, the higher the risk level;

[0027] Calculating the time-dependent rate of change of the intruding vehicle's speed, wherein the greater the time-dependent rate of change, the higher the risk level;

[0028] The closest distance between the current position of the intruding vehicle and the boundary of the maintenance construction area is calculated. The smaller the closest distance, the higher the risk level.

[0029] 3) Beneficial effects:

[0030] Compared with the prior art, this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The system of the present invention forms a full-chain monitoring from the buffer zone, speed monitoring zone to the event monitoring zone. By monitoring and analyzing speed in the speed monitoring zone based on a time window, a speeding reference value is dynamically generated, replacing the traditional fixed threshold judgment method to adapt to the real-time changes of different traffic flows and road section characteristics, reducing misjudgments and missed judgments. The monitoring unit and the recording unit of the event monitoring zone collaborate to collect and analyze vehicle information, driving speed and trajectory data, and through connection with the Internet of Things cloud platform, not only can speeding behavior be judged in real time, but also in the classification and risk assessment of intrusion incidents, providing reliable data support for subsequent optimization of traffic management strategies.

[0032] In conjunction with the dynamic display unit and guidance unit of the buffer zone, the dynamic display unit updates the speeding reference value in a time window sequence to provide the driver with clear road condition information, and the guidance unit clearly marks the construction location and avoidance direction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 A functional block diagram of an intrusion warning system for highway maintenance provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2A schematic diagram of the principle of recording an intrusion event in an event monitoring area in an intrusion warning system for highway maintenance provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 In the embodiment of the present invention, an intrusion warning system for highway maintenance is provided, in the current time window Within the analysis unit, the adjacent previous time window The speed data obtained within the time window is integrated to calculate the dynamic overspeed reference value as the current time window Schematic diagram of the principle of speeding judgment basis;

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the locations of a buffer zone, a speed monitoring zone, and an event monitoring zone established in sequence on an upstream section of a highway maintenance construction area in an intrusion warning system provided by an embodiment of the present invention during highway maintenance;

[0037] In the picture:

[0038] 10. Recording unit; 20. Monitoring unit; 30. Analysis unit; 40. Warning unit; 50. Dynamic display unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0041] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc., if used, are merely used to distinguish and describe, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0042] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other.

[0043] During highway maintenance operations involving simultaneous maintenance and traffic flow, the inventors discovered that if only temporary safety devices are deployed upstream of the maintenance work area, drivers may fail to see the warning devices in time due to distraction, obstructed vision, or other unexpected circumstances, resulting in failure to slow down or change lanes as required. This can cause vehicles to directly enter the maintenance work area. This situation not only threatens the safety of construction workers but can also seriously impact project progress.

[0044] In other maintenance and construction strategies, a buffer monitoring area is added between the maintenance and construction area and the area covered by traditional temporary safety facilities. This area monitors the speed and trajectory of vehicles in real time. However, the inventors have also found that the speed monitoring system in this area usually relies on simple speed monitoring and fixed threshold alarm mechanisms. That is, the existing system generally determines whether the vehicle is speeding based on a preset fixed speed threshold. This method cannot adapt to the dynamic changes in traffic flow and vehicle driving status in different sections and time periods, and is prone to false alarms or missed alarms. For example, during peak traffic hours, the fixed threshold may not reflect the actual speeding risk, while during low traffic hours, an overly loose threshold setting may ignore potential dangers. Once an intrusion occurs, the system may not be able to record the vehicle information, speed, and intrusion location of the intruding vehicle in a timely manner for subsequent event processing.

[0045] Furthermore, traditional systems only record simple speed data and fail to fully utilize statistical and dynamic analysis methods to deeply explore vehicle speed trends. This data processing method cannot effectively reflect changes in traffic conditions within different time windows, nor can it provide an accurate basis for establishing dynamic speeding reference values.

[0046] Based on the above shortcomings, it is known that these shortcomings make it difficult for the existing highway maintenance safety warning system to provide comprehensive, accurate and rapid safety protection in a dynamic and complex construction environment. It is urgent to make up for these shortcomings by improving technical means.

[0047] Given these challenges, establishing one or more zones for buffer monitoring and early warning ahead of construction sites is crucial to enhance safety and adapt to complex, dynamic traffic conditions. Zone monitoring and coordinated management not only record vehicle driving status in real time but also dynamically adjust speed thresholds and alert policies to effectively prevent vehicle intrusions. Furthermore, a dynamic adjustment mechanism based on risk assessment can further enhance the adaptability and reliability of safety measures, providing a more scientific and efficient solution for protecting construction sites.

[0048] Therefore, reference Figures 1 to 4The embodiment of the present invention provides an intrusion warning system for highway maintenance. The system implements full-chain monitoring. When an intrusion event is monitored, the alarm unit directly reminds the workers in the construction area, improving the overall linkage and warning coverage.

[0049] Specifically, an event monitoring zone is designated upstream of the highway maintenance construction area. This area, adjacent to the construction site, serves as the core monitoring area for the entire early warning system. A recording unit 10 is installed within the event monitoring zone to capture and record vehicle data entering the area, including vehicle information (license plate number and model), speed, and trajectory. This data is uploaded in real time to a remote server via the IoT cloud platform. The remote server then stores the data, classifies intrusion events, and conducts risk assessment, facilitating subsequent handling of intrusion incidents.

[0050] Specifically, the recording unit 10 includes a camera unit. In some embodiments of the present invention, the camera unit is installed at the entrance to the incident monitoring zone and uses a high-resolution camera to capture image data of intruding vehicles. More specifically, when a vehicle enters the incident monitoring zone, a fixed-position camera automatically triggers a mechanism. Using a vehicle detection algorithm, such as a convolutional neural network-based object detection algorithm, the camera identifies the vehicle entering the area and captures frontal and side images of the vehicle at a high frame rate while in motion.

[0051] Furthermore, the camera unit associates each frame with a captured timestamp, generating a time-series labeled image data sequence. Timestamp recording is used to ensure accurate time stamping of all image frames based on a precisely synchronized clock signal, such as using GPS signals to calibrate the system time.

[0052] Finally, in some embodiments of the present invention, a license plate recognition algorithm is used to extract the vehicle's license plate number from the front image, and combined with a deep learning model, the specific model of the vehicle is identified from the vehicle's appearance features.

[0053] It should be noted that the above recognition results need to be stored in real time and serve as an important basis for subsequent analysis.

[0054] Regarding speed measurement, in some embodiments, the recording unit 10 is equipped with a speedometer to obtain the speed of the intruding vehicle. More specifically, the speedometer can utilize radar or laser speed measurement technology to capture the vehicle's speed at the entrance to the monitored area in real time. Furthermore, the speedometer can also combine the time interval between the vehicle's entrance and exit to calculate the vehicle's average speed throughout the entire area.

[0055] Finally, the recording unit 10 generates the trajectory of the intruding vehicle by combining the image sequence and timestamps. While capturing the vehicle's image frames, the camera unit uses image processing algorithms to obtain the vehicle's two-dimensional spatial coordinates within the monitoring area. For example, the camera's internal parameters, such as focal length and optical center position, are combined with external parameters, such as the camera's position and attitude in the spatial coordinate system, along with the vehicle's pixel position in the image. Through camera calibration and projection transformation, the pixel coordinates are converted to actual ground coordinates.

[0056] After capturing consecutive image frames of the intruding vehicle traveling within the event monitoring area, the spatial position of the intruding vehicle in each frame is connected according to the timestamp to form a trajectory line. More specifically, a projection transformation algorithm is used based on the image frames and timestamps to obtain the spatial position of the vehicle and generate the trajectory line. Alternatively, the vehicle position in each frame is recorded as a two-dimensional coordinate point, and these coordinate points are connected according to the timestamp to form the trajectory line.

[0057] After the driving trajectory is generated, in some embodiments, it is also considered that it can be displayed in real time through an embedded display module or uploaded to a remote server.

[0058] Finally, the generated trajectory data, vehicle information, and driving speed data are uploaded to the IoT cloud platform for subsequent risk assessment and classification.

[0059] For the assessment of the risk level of the remote server to the intrusion incident, please refer to Figure 2 ,In the event monitoring area, after obtaining the driving trajectory and ,speed of the intruding vehicle, the remote server determines the risk level of ,the intruding event based on the degree of deviation of the ,driving trajectory of the intruding vehicle, the amplitude of the ,speed change, and the relative distance from the maintenance ,construction area.

[0060] Specifically, after an intruding vehicle enters the event monitoring area, the current position of the intruding vehicle is compared with a pre-set safe trajectory within the event monitoring area. The degree of deviation between the current position and the safe trajectory is calculated, such as the lateral deviation between the two. The larger the lateral deviation, the higher the risk level. If the lateral deviation exceeds a preset critical value, the event can be directly determined as a high-risk event. In addition, in some embodiments, the direction of deviation can be calculated from multiple points in the intruding vehicle's driving process, that is, whether it is gradually approaching a construction area, thereby determining the deviation trend of the trajectory. If the trend points toward a maintenance construction area, the risk level is further increased.

[0061] Furthermore, the event's risk level is determined by calculating the closest distance between the intruding vehicle's current location and the boundary of the maintenance zone. If the current closest distance is less than a preset safety distance threshold, the event is directly classified as high-risk. Furthermore, in some embodiments, given that a higher vehicle speed reduces the time it takes to reach the maintenance zone over the same distance, the remote server can dynamically adjust the distance threshold based on the intruding vehicle's speed within the risk level determination strategy. For example, the closer the closest distance threshold is, the higher the vehicle speed, the smaller the threshold should be, allowing for earlier alert processing.

[0062] The speed of an intruding vehicle is monitored and calculated over time. A greater rate of change, meaning a sudden increase or decrease in speed, increases the risk level. Furthermore, if a significant increase in the rate of change is detected and the intruding vehicle's trajectory deviates from the safe range, the vehicle is considered to have potentially entered a construction zone, resulting in a high-risk event and the highest level of alert being triggered.

[0063] Through the above implementation details, the entire data collection and analysis process of the recording unit 10 is fully implemented, ensuring the accuracy and completeness of vehicle information, driving speed, and trajectory data, providing comprehensive support for construction worker safety and intelligent early warning. Real-time monitoring and comprehensive analysis of trajectory deviation trends, the closest distance to the maintenance work area, and the rate of speed change on the remote server can quickly determine the vehicle's risk level and, when necessary, trigger audible and visual alarms. This, in turn, enables linkage between various system units to ensure safety in the maintenance work area.

[0064] A speed monitoring area is set up on the upstream section of the highway maintenance construction area. The area is composed of a monitoring unit 20, an analysis unit 30 and a warning unit 40, forming a complete speed monitoring system.

[0065] The system is based on a continuous time window. By recording the entry and exit speeds of each vehicle within the time window, it analyzes vehicle driving behavior and provides dynamic early warning and warning information.

[0066] Specifically, in some embodiments of the present invention, the monitoring unit 20 includes two speedometers, installed at the entrance and exit sections of the speed monitoring area. The entrance speedometer is used to monitor vehicle entry speeds in real time, while the exit speedometer is used to monitor vehicle exit speeds in real time. The speedometers can utilize laser speed measurement technology, which measures the reflection time difference by emitting a laser beam and calculating the vehicle's speed within the monitoring area, ensuring the accuracy and real-time nature of speed data collection. It is important to note that the speedometer associates each measured speed data with a timestamp to generate a time-series speed data stream.

[0067] Furthermore, the speedometer matches the entry and exit speeds of the same vehicle by combining vehicle identifiers, such as license plates. This is accomplished using image processing or IoT tag reading technology. It's important to note that the vehicle identifier matching results are stored as speed data records within a time window.

[0068] The system uses temporal logic to construct multiple continuous time windows, each with a fixed length unit, such as 30 minutes or 1 hour, to ensure consistency in recording and analyzing vehicle speeds. In some embodiments, the entire timeline is divided into multiple continuous time windows with fixed-length time periods. Each time window is annotated with a start and end time. Within each time window, the system collects and stores speed data for all vehicles entering and exiting, forming a time-series speed data set.

[0069] Analysis unit 30 constructs an entry speed function and an exit speed function based on the speed data of all entering and exiting vehicles within the previous adjacent time window. During the construction process, a statistical analysis of the vehicle speed data within each time window is performed to extract a number of statistical features. These statistical features serve as the basis for constructing the speed function, which reflects the traffic flow and vehicle speed distribution characteristics within that time window.

[0070] First, we collect statistics on incoming vehicle speeds and calculate statistical features such as the average speed, standard deviation, and extreme values ​​for all incoming vehicles within the time window. Specifically, the average speed is calculated as the average speed of all incoming vehicles, the standard deviation is calculated as the speed dispersion of incoming vehicles, and the extreme values ​​are used to determine the highest and lowest speeds of incoming vehicles within the time window.

[0071] Based on the above statistical characteristics, an entry speed function is constructed. This function comprehensively considers the speed distribution of all vehicles entering the current window and reflects the expected speed range under normal traffic flow. In some embodiments, a probability density function can be fitted based on the distribution form of the speed data, such as the normal distribution. The function is:

[0072]

[0073] in, The speed at which the vehicle enters the speed monitoring zone. To calculate the average entry speed of all vehicles, is the entry variance.

[0074] Similarly, the average exit speed is calculated based on the exit speed data. , exit variance And drive out of the extreme value, construct the corresponding probability density function , which represents the distribution law of the exit speed.

[0075] The constructed entry and exit speed functions are then combined to produce a dynamic speeding reference value. This reference value takes into account traffic flow and speed distribution within the current time window, as well as speed trends in adjacent time windows, to more accurately reflect normal driving speeds under different traffic conditions.

[0076] This dynamic overspeed reference value serves as the basis for speeding judgment in the current time window and is used to compare with the actual detected vehicle entry and exit speeds. If the speed of a vehicle exceeds this reference value, an overspeed warning is triggered. Specifically, in some embodiments, the value can be calculated by setting a confidence interval. For example, the 85% confidence upper limit of the entry and exit speed distribution is taken as the dynamic overspeed reference value, that is:

[0077]

[0078] Among them, here represents the velocity in the corresponding distribution Percentile value, specifically means that in the speed distribution, there are The vehicle speed is less than or equal to this value, The vehicle speed is higher than this value.

[0079] It can be understood that the mean value, variance, etc. calculated using statistical characteristics can be used to fit the probability distribution model or set the confidence interval, and then construct a dynamically changing speed function. In this way, the constructed speed function can not only reflect the characteristics within the time window, but also provide a more reasonable basis for the calculation of the dynamic speeding reference value.

[0080] In summary, based on the probability density functions and statistical characteristics of entry and exit speeds, analysis unit 30 calculates a probability score for speed anomalies, generates a risk level, and transmits it to warning unit 40 for dynamic prompts and alarms. As can be seen, through detailed speed data recording, statistical analysis, and function construction, this system achieves precise monitoring of vehicle speed behavior within a time window, providing technical support for road safety and traffic management.

[0081] Taking into account the risk assessment level of the uploaded intrusion events by the remote server of the above-mentioned event monitoring area, and also considering that the system can quickly improve its response capability when a high-risk level event occurs, thereby dynamically adapting to changes in the risk environment, therefore, in other embodiments of the present invention, after the risk assessment level of the uploaded intrusion event is assessed, the unit length of the subsequent time window is dynamically adjusted according to the risk level to more effectively adapt to changes in the current traffic risk status.

[0082] Specifically, the recording unit 10 uploads the intrusion event record, including vehicle information, driving speed, and driving trajectory, to the IoT cloud platform. The remote server analyzes this data and determines the risk level of the intrusion event based on a preset risk assessment model. Reference may be made to the aforementioned remote server's method for determining the risk level of an intrusion event. In some embodiments, the risk assessment model categorizes the risk level of an intrusion event into three levels: high, medium, and low.

[0083] For example, when a high-risk intrusion occurs, the system dynamically shortens the unit length of the subsequent time window to promptly respond and strengthen risk monitoring. The core of this adjustment strategy is that by shortening the time window, the monitoring unit 20 can capture vehicle speed changes with higher temporal resolution, allowing it to quickly identify and respond to potential speeding risks and intrusions.

[0084] More specifically, after a high-risk intrusion event occurs, the system will immediately shorten the unit length of a set number of adjacent time windows. For example, if the default time window length is 30 minutes, after a high-risk intrusion event occurs, the unit length of the next five time windows will be shortened to 10 or 20 minutes. The shortened time ratio and the number of time windows can be adjusted based on traffic density and actual road conditions, and are not specifically limited here.

[0085] Afterwards, the shortened time window length will remain unchanged within the set number of time windows for continuous enhanced monitoring. If no new high-risk intrusion incidents are detected within these time windows, the system will decide whether to restore the default time window length based on the risk assessment results.

[0086] Regarding how to restore the length of the time window, in some embodiments, if the frequency of intrusion events within the shortened time window is significantly reduced, such as no intrusion events or only one intrusion event occurs within these five time windows, and the risk assessment of the intrusion event is low, or the risk assessment level of the newly occurring intrusion event gradually decreases from high to medium or low, the system will gradually increase the unit length of the time window.

[0087] In other embodiments, it is also considered to use a segmented proportional increase method to recover time. For example, the shortened unit length is 10 minutes, and every two time windows can be increased by 5 minutes until the default length is restored. This can avoid the problem of insufficient monitoring sensitivity caused by too fast recovery of the time window.

[0088] In summary, it can be understood that the system records the entry and exit speeds of each vehicle in real time through the monitoring unit 20, and continuously monitors the vehicle driving status in combination with the adjusted time window length. The analysis unit 30 updates the speed distribution model based on statistical characteristics in real time, adjusts the dynamic speeding reference value to match the new time window length, and ensures the accuracy of risk judgment.

[0089] In addition, regarding the requirement that the system can quickly improve its response capability when high-risk level events occur, thereby dynamically adapting to changes in the risk environment, in other embodiments, it is also considered that after the risk level of the uploaded intrusion event is assessed, the confidence upper limit value of the speed distribution model is dynamically adjusted according to the risk level.

[0090] It will be appreciated that the determination of the dynamic speeding reference value in analysis unit 30 relies on the aforementioned statistically-based speed distribution model. The core of this speed distribution model is to construct a speed distribution function by analyzing the entry and exit speeds of vehicles entering the speed monitoring zone, and to set an upper confidence limit as the dynamic speeding reference value. To enable the system to more flexibly adapt to actual traffic conditions and changes in risk, in some embodiments, the upper confidence limit is dynamically adjusted based on the risk assessment results of the remote server, thereby optimizing the dynamic speeding reference value in real time.

[0091] Regarding the classification of risk levels for intrusion incidents, you can also refer to the above. Specifically, if the assessment is a high-risk level, it indicates that the traffic situation has a high safety hazard, such as a significant increase in the proportion of speeding vehicles, and a high degree of abnormality in the vehicle driving trajectory on this road section. In this case, in order to increase the system's sensitivity to speeding behavior, the upper confidence limit value is lowered to reduce the dynamic speeding reference value. For example, the upper confidence limit value is adjusted from 85% to 70% or below, corresponding to a lower speed value, and speeding behavior is judged with stricter standards. Regarding the adjustment ratio of the lower confidence limit value, it can be adjusted according to the density of traffic flow and the actual situation of the road, and is not specifically limited here.

[0092] If the intrusion incident is classified as medium risk, there may be some speeding behavior or traffic risks, but the overall risk level is not as significant as the high risk level. In this case, the upper confidence limit can be adjusted appropriately, for example, from 85% to around 80%, to strengthen the detection of potential speeding behavior while avoiding excessive disruption to normal traffic flow.

[0093] If the risk assessment result is low, or if the risk assessment level of an intrusion incident remains low over multiple adjusted time windows, the upper confidence limit can be gradually restored. For example, it could be gradually restored from 70% to 85% until it reaches the default value, ensuring a balance between system monitoring sensitivity and traffic flow.

[0094] Regarding the segmented adjustment of the upper confidence limit, it's important to note that to avoid frequent adjustments disrupting system stability and driver behavior, the adjustment process can be segmented. For example, for high-risk events, the upper confidence limit can be lowered three or more times, by 2%-5% each time, until it reaches the target value. The recovery process can then be gradually increased by 2% each time.

[0095] In summary, it can be understood that through the above-mentioned dynamic adjustment mechanism, the upper confidence limit value can flexibly adapt to the dynamic changes of the traffic environment, improve the response capability to high-risk traffic conditions, and reduce potential safety hazards. At the same time, when the risk decreases, the default value is gradually restored to avoid interference with normal traffic, ensuring both adaptability and sensitivity of the system.

[0096] In the upstream buffer zone of the highway maintenance construction area, a dynamic display unit 50 and a guidance unit are provided to realize dynamic information display and vehicle guidance functions, thereby ensuring traffic safety in the construction area.

[0097] Specifically, the dynamic display unit 50 is configured to receive the dynamic speeding reference value transmitted by the analysis unit 30 in real time and display the value to passing vehicles in an intuitive manner. In some embodiments, by associating the display content with a time window, the dynamic display unit 50 sequentially updates the display content in units of the time window to reflect the latest speed control reference value for the current road section.

[0098] More specifically, when a new time window opens, the dynamic overspeed reference value calculated by the analysis unit 30 is The speed is transmitted to the dynamic display unit 50. In some embodiments, after the dynamic display unit 50 interprets the value, it displays the value as a clearly visible number using a high-brightness display screen or an LED dynamic display screen, for example: "Dynamic speeding value: 30 km / h".

[0099] Furthermore, it is also contemplated that, to enhance the warning effect, the dynamic display unit 50 may be color-coded. For example, if the speed is within the normal range (i.e., not approaching the speed limit), the display may be green; if the speed is approaching the speed limit, the display may be yellow; and if the speed is within the speed limit, the display may flash red with a prompt "Slow down."

[0100] It should be noted that the dynamic display unit 50 should automatically refresh the content in units of time windows to ensure that the latest dynamic speeding reference value within the current time window is displayed. The display screen can also be attached with a timestamp or update mark to remind the driver that this data is updated in real time.

[0101] The guidance unit clearly indicates the direction and distance to the construction site, guiding vehicles to change lanes in advance based on actual road conditions. For example, the guidance unit dynamically displays the construction direction within the buffer zone using LED arrow lights or directional signs, such as "Construction ahead 500 meters to the right, please change to the left lane."

[0102] In summary, the dynamic display unit 50 and the guidance unit work together to dynamically display road speed control information and indicate the location of the construction area, providing real-time and clear guidance to the driver and reducing safety hazards caused by information delays or ambiguity.

[0103] In some embodiments of the present invention, in order to improve the safety of personnel in the construction area, an alarm unit may be added to the maintenance and construction section.

[0104] Specifically, the alarm unit is installed at a key location on a road section undergoing maintenance and construction, such as a concentrated work area for construction personnel or a vehicle storage area. The alarm unit is configured to generate an audible and visual alarm signal in real time when the camera unit in the recording unit 10 detects an intruding vehicle. For example, the alarm unit may emit a distinct warning sound, such as a rapid beep, using a high-decibel speaker to alert personnel in the construction area to take prompt action and avoid the intruding vehicle.

[0105] In addition, it is also possible to consider equipping construction workers with portable reminder devices, such as vibrating bracelets or warning lights in helmets, which can be synchronized with the alarm unit. When the alarm unit is triggered, the portable device will simultaneously vibrate or emit a warning sound, providing individuals with more direct avoidance reminders and further improving the coverage of reminders.

[0106] It is understandable that an alarm unit is installed in the maintenance and construction section. When the camera unit detects an intruding vehicle, the alarm unit is immediately triggered, emitting a high-decibel warning sound and a red flashing warning to remind construction workers to pay attention to avoid it. At the same time, combined with voice prompts and portable reminder equipment, real-time risk avoidance guidance is provided to personnel in the construction area to ensure construction safety.

[0107] In summary, the system collaborates with monitoring unit 20 and analysis unit 30. Data from monitoring unit 20 is packaged according to time windows and transmitted to analysis unit 30 for further processing. Comprehensive statistical results are generated through distribution function construction and dynamic analysis. The system employs a fixed time window mechanism to ensure smooth and consistent data collection and processing, avoiding data omissions or redundancies. In the event monitoring area, recording unit 10 captures images, trajectories, and speed information of intruding vehicles, creating a complete profile of vehicle behavior. Data upload, classification, and remote processing are centrally managed through the IoT cloud platform, facilitating system expansion and subsequent upgrades.

[0108] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of patent protection of the present invention shall be based on the claims. Any equivalent structural changes made using the description and drawings of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intrusion warning system for use during highway maintenance, characterized in that: Set up buffer zones, speed monitoring zones, and event monitoring zones in sequence on the road sections heading towards the highway maintenance construction zone; The speed monitoring area is provided with a monitoring unit and an analysis unit, which construct a plurality of continuous time windows based on a time sequence, and the monitoring unit is used to record the entry speed of each vehicle entering the speed monitoring area and the exit speed of each vehicle leaving the speed monitoring area in each time window; In the current time window, the analysis unit constructs an entry speed function and an exit speed function based on statistical characteristics according to all the entry speeds and exit speeds obtained in the previous adjacent time window, and calculates a dynamic speeding reference value after comprehensive calculation as a basis for speeding judgment in the current time window; A recording unit is provided in the event monitoring area, and is used to record the vehicle information, driving speed, and driving trajectory of the intruding vehicles in the event monitoring area. The recording unit is connected to a remote server via an Internet of Things cloud platform, and after uploading the collected data, the remote server classifies and conducts risk assessment on the intrusion events. The risk level of the intrusion event is determined based on the degree of deviation of the driving trajectory, the amplitude of the change in driving speed, and the relative distance from the maintenance construction area. When an intrusion event that is determined to be of high risk level occurs, the monitoring unit continues to shorten the unit length of the subsequent set number of time windows until the risk assessment level of the intrusion event in the subsequent time window continues to decrease, and then gradually restores the unit length of the time window to the default value.

2. The intrusion warning system for highway maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The recording unit includes a camera unit arranged at the entrance section of the event monitoring area. When an intruding vehicle enters the event monitoring area, the camera unit captures the front image and side image of the intruding vehicle in real time during movement, records the captured image data in the form of image frames, and marks the acquisition time of each frame with a timestamp, and identifies the license plate number and vehicle model of the intruding vehicle from the image data as the vehicle information.

3. The intrusion warning system for highway maintenance according to claim 2, characterized in that: The recording unit also includes a speedometer, which is used to obtain the driving speed of the intruding vehicle. The recording unit records the spatial position of the intruding vehicle in each image frame by marking the timestamp of each image frame, and connects the spatial positions of the intruding vehicle in adjacent image frames to generate trajectory lines, thereby obtaining the driving trajectory of the intruding vehicle in the event monitoring area.

4. The intrusion warning system for highway maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring unit includes speedometers respectively arranged at the entrance and exit sections of the speed monitoring area, for respectively recording the entry and exit speeds of vehicles in real time, annotating the recorded speed data according to timestamps, and matching the entry and exit speeds of the same vehicle by vehicle identification; In each of the time windows, the monitoring unit records the entry and exit speeds of each vehicle in real time according to the timestamp sequence, and dynamically updates the data table of the current time window. When a new time window begins, the entry and exit speeds fully recorded in the adjacent previous time window are packaged and transmitted to the analysis unit.

5. The intrusion warning system for highway maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The speed monitoring area is also provided with a warning unit. When the monitoring unit detects that the driving speed of a vehicle exceeds the dynamic speeding reference value, the warning unit records the vehicle information of the vehicle and performs a warning process.

6. The intrusion warning system for highway maintenance according to claim 4, characterized in that: After receiving the complete record of the approaching speed and the approaching speed within a time window transmitted by the monitoring unit in a package, the analyzing unit calculates the statistical characteristics of the approaching speed of the vehicle within the time window, including the average approaching speed value, the approaching variance, and the approaching extreme value, and constructs a probability density function of the approaching speed as the approaching speed function based on the statistical characteristics; Statistical characteristics of the vehicle exit speed within the time window, including the average exit speed value, the exit variance, and the exit extreme value, are calculated, and a probability density function of the exit speed is constructed according to the statistical characteristics as the exit speed function.

7. The intrusion warning system for highway maintenance according to claim 6, characterized in that: The analysis unit combines the entry speed function and the exit speed function to obtain a speed distribution model, wherein the speed distribution model is used to reflect the speed distribution trend of all vehicles passing through the entire road section of the speed monitoring area within a corresponding time window; Set the upper confidence limit for the velocity distribution model , will exceed the upper confidence limit As the dynamic overspeed reference value in the next adjacent time window : in, is the entry speed function, is the exit speed function, The velocity distribution model percentile value of .

8. The intrusion warning system for highway maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that: A dynamic display unit and a guidance unit for indicating the direction and distance of the construction location are provided in the buffer zone. The dynamic display unit is used to receive the dynamic speeding reference value transmitted by the analysis unit in real time, and the dynamic display unit updates and displays the corresponding dynamic speeding reference value in the order of the constructed time window to reflect the latest dynamic speeding reference value of the upstream section of the maintenance construction.

9. An intrusion warning system for use during highway maintenance according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The risk level of the intrusion incident is determined based on the intrusion vehicle data received by the remote server, combined with the degree of deviation of the intrusion vehicle's driving trajectory, the magnitude of the change in driving speed, and the relative distance from the maintenance construction area. Specifically: Comparing the current driving trajectory of the intruding vehicle with the set safe trajectory in the event monitoring area and calculating a lateral deviation value, wherein the larger the lateral deviation value, the higher the risk level; Calculating the time-dependent rate of change of the intruding vehicle's speed, wherein the greater the time-dependent rate of change, the higher the risk level; The closest distance between the current position of the intruding vehicle and the boundary of the maintenance construction area is calculated. The smaller the closest distance, the higher the risk level.

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