A driving motor with commutator automatic maintenance function

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of motor, and particularly relates to a driving motor with automatic maintenance function of commutator. The driving motor comprises a controller, a mounting ring, a photosensitive sensor, a connecting block, a sliding plate and a polishing block, the controller is installed on the outer wall of the shell, the mounting ring is connected to the inner wall of the shell, the rotating shaft and the commutator are rotatably penetrated through the middle part of the mounting ring, the photosensitive sensor is installed on the mounting ring, the connecting block is symmetrically connected to the outer wall of the shell, the sliding plate is slidably connected to the inside of the connecting block, and the polishing block is connected to the side surface of the sliding plate. Through the cooperation of the photosensitive sensor, the electromagnet and the polishing block, the present application can automatically detect the spark generated between the brush and the commutator, and then control the polishing block to tightly adhere to the surface of the commutator for polishing and cleaning. This process can not only effectively remove the deposits on the surface of the commutator and prevent the formation of the insulating layer, but also avoid the problem of poor current conduction caused by the accumulation of carbon powder, so that the commutator does not need to be regularly disassembled and maintained manually.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of electric motors, and more particularly to a drive motor with an automatic commutator maintenance function. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing global attention to environmental protection and sustainable development, new energy vehicles are rapidly developing as alternatives to traditional fuel vehicles. In this process, electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are gradually becoming the mainstream choice in the market due to their advantages of zero or low emissions. As one of the key components of new energy vehicles, the drive motor plays a crucial role in improving the overall performance, efficiency, and user experience of the vehicle.

[0003] When a drive motor is operating, continuous sliding contact occurs between the commutator and the brushes to ensure smooth current conduction from the stator to the rotor. Simultaneously, friction between the brushes and the commutator surface causes gradual brush wear and the generation of fine carbon dust. Over time, this carbon dust, along with other impurities, adheres to the outer surface of the commutator, affecting the contact quality between the commutator and brushes and leading to unstable motor operation. As carbon dust and impurities accumulate, an insulating layer may form, further hindering current conduction. In severe cases, this can even prevent the motor from starting or running properly, necessitating regular disassembly, inspection, and cleaning of the commutator and brushes—a complex and time-consuming process.

[0004] Furthermore, because the brushes always contact the same spot on the outside of the commutator, this causes localized wear on the commutator surface, eventually creating a groove. This not only exacerbates the aforementioned problems but also increases the difficulty of maintenance. Once a noticeable groove forms, even cleaning the commutator surface cannot completely restore its original smoothness, making the contact between the brushes and the commutator even more uneven. This not only reduces the performance of the drive motor but may also lead to premature replacement of the commutator, thus increasing maintenance costs and time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a drive motor with an automatic commutator maintenance function, which can overcome the disadvantages of existing drive motors where carbon powder and other impurities generated by the friction between the brushes and the commutator adhere to the outside of the commutator during use, affecting the contact quality between the commutator and the brushes. This requires users to regularly disassemble, inspect and clean the commutator and brushes, a process that is complex and time-consuming.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is: a drive motor with automatic commutator maintenance function, comprising a housing, a rotating shaft, a stator, a rotor, a commutator, and brushes. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the housing, the stator is mounted on the inner wall of the housing, the rotor is mounted on the rotating shaft and located inside the stator, the commutator is mounted on the rotating shaft and connected to the rotor, and the brushes are symmetrically arranged inside the housing, with the brush end faces contacting the outer wall of the commutator. The motor also includes a controller, a mounting ring, a photosensitive sensor, a connecting block, a sliding plate, a grinding block, a connecting spring, and an electromagnet. The controller is mounted on the outer wall of the housing, the mounting ring is connected to the inner wall of the housing, and the rotating shaft and commutator rotate through the middle of the mounting ring. The photosensitive sensor is mounted on the mounting ring. The connecting blocks are symmetrically connected to the outer wall of the housing. The sliding plate is slidably connected to the inside of the connecting blocks. The grinding block is connected to the side of the sliding plate and slides through the side of the housing. The connecting spring connects the sliding plate and the connecting block. The electromagnets are symmetrically mounted on the outer wall of the housing, and the electromagnets can attract the sliding plate through magnetic force. The adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the contact position between the brush and the commutator.

[0007] In one embodiment, the adjustment mechanism includes a sliding frame, a compression spring, and a drive assembly. The sliding frame is symmetrically slidably connected inside the housing. The brush is slidably connected to the sliding frame, and the sliding direction of the brush is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding frame. The compression spring connects the sliding frame and the brush. The drive assembly is used to drive the sliding frame to move.

[0008] In one embodiment, the drive assembly includes a mounting plate, a bidirectional lead screw, a driven gear, and a driving gear. The mounting plate is connected to the inner wall of the housing, and the rotating shaft rotatably passes through the middle of the mounting plate. The bidirectional lead screw is symmetrically rotatably connected to the mounting plate and is threadedly connected to the sliding frame. The driven gear is connected to the bidirectional lead screw, and the end of the bidirectional lead screw is rotatably connected to the housing. The driving gear is connected to the rotating shaft, and the driven gear meshes with the driving gear.

[0009] In one embodiment, the device further includes a first filter cloth, a collar, a fan blade, a commutation assembly, and a collection assembly. The first filter cloth is connected to the mounting ring at intervals. The collar is fitted around the outside of the commutator, and the side of the collar has fan-shaped grooves spaced apart circumferentially. The fan blade is circumferentially rotatably connected to the collar. The commutation assembly is used to drive the fan blade to rotate and adjust its orientation. The collection assembly is used to collect carbon powder and impurities inside the housing.

[0010] In one embodiment, the commutation assembly includes a swing arm and a connecting post. The swing arm is connected to the rotation axis of the fan blade and is located in the fan-shaped groove. The connecting post is circumferentially spaced on the outside of the commutator and is in contact with the swing arm.

[0011] In one embodiment, the collection assembly includes a collection frame, a guide block, a magnetic ring, a connecting frame, and a second filter cloth. The collection frame is connected to the side of the outer shell and has symmetrical square holes. A sliding frame slides through the square holes. The guide block is connected to the side of the collection frame near the outer shell and has a through hole in the middle. A rotating shaft rotates through the through hole. The magnetic ring is magnetically attracted to the side of the collection frame away from the outer shell. The connecting frame is connected to the inner wall of the magnetic ring, and the second filter cloth is connected to the inner wall of the connecting frame.

[0012] In one embodiment, the device further includes a fan-shaped baffle and a rotating scraper. The fan-shaped baffle is circumferentially spaced and connected to the inner wall of the through hole, and the rotating scraper is connected to the end of the rotating shaft and is located between the second filter cloth and the fan-shaped baffle.

[0013] In one embodiment, the system further includes a connecting plate and an elastic protective sleeve. The connecting plate is symmetrically connected to the side of the mounting plate, and the elastic protective sleeve is connected between the sliding frame and the mounting plate and between the sliding frame and the connecting plate, respectively. The bidirectional lead screw is located inside the elastic protective sleeve.

[0014] The beneficial effects are: 1. By using a photosensitive sensor, an electromagnet, and a grinding block, this invention can automatically detect the sparks generated between the brush and the commutator. Then, it can control the grinding block to press against the commutator surface for grinding and cleaning. This process can not only effectively remove deposits on the commutator surface and prevent the formation of an insulating layer, but also avoid the problem of poor current conduction caused by carbon powder accumulation. Thus, there is no need for manual disassembly and maintenance of the commutator on a regular basis, and it can improve the contact quality of the commutator and extend the service life of the motor.

[0015] 2. Through the adjustment mechanism, this invention enables the brushes to maintain close contact with the commutator in the vertical direction and reciprocate left and right in the horizontal direction during motor operation. This ensures uniform contact between the brushes and all parts of the commutator surface. This design effectively prevents excessive local wear on the commutator surface and avoids the formation of grooves, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the motor and reducing maintenance costs and time.

[0016] 3. This invention also designs a complete toner and impurity collection system. The airflow generated by the rotation of the fan blades can blow the toner and other impurities generated by the wear of the brushes and commutator to the left. The filtration effect of the second filter cloth can collect the toner and impurities in the collection frame. The rotating scraper can also clean the deposits on the second filter cloth, ensuring its continuous and effective filtration performance. In addition, the fan-shaped baffle design can prevent toner from falling into the stator and rotor areas when the motor is used in reverse, keeping the inside of the motor clean, reducing the risk of failure, and improving the overall performance. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the controller, mounting ring, and photosensitive sensor of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the connecting block, sliding plate, grinding block, and electromagnet of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the specific structure of the connecting block, sliding plate, grinding block, and connecting spring of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the adjustment mechanism of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the sliding frame of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the first filter cloth, collar, fan blade and reversing assembly of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the swing rod and connecting column of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the swing rod of the present invention located in the sector groove.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the collection frame, magnetic ring, connecting frame, and second filter cloth of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the separate structure of the collection frame, guide block and magnetic ring of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the guide block of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the fan-shaped stop and the rotating scraper of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram showing the specific distribution of the fan-shaped blocks of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the rotating shaft and the rotating scraper of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the connecting plate and the elastic protective sleeve of the present invention.

[0033] In the attached diagram, the following are the reference numerals: 1-outer shell, 2-rotating shaft, 3-stator, 4-rotor, 5-commutator, 6-controller, 7-mounting ring, 8-photosensitive sensor, 9-connecting block, 10-sliding plate, 11-grinding block, 12-connecting spring, 13-electromagnet, 14-sliding frame, 15-brush, 16-compression spring, 17-mounting plate, 18-double-acting lead screw, 19-driven gear, 20-driving gear, 22-first filter cloth, 23-collar, 2301-sector groove, 24-fan blade, 2401-swing rod, 25-connecting column, 26-collecting frame, 2601-square hole, 27-guide block, 2701-through hole, 28-magnetic ring, 29-connecting frame, 30-second filter cloth, 31-sector-shaped stop, 32-rotating scraper, 33-connecting plate, 34-elastic protective sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example: A drive motor with automatic commutator maintenance function, such as Figures 1-6As shown, the device includes a housing 1, a shaft 2, a stator 3, a rotor 4, a commutator 5, and brushes 15. The housing 1 has symmetrically arranged semi-elliptical ventilation holes on its left side. The shaft 2 is rotatably connected to the middle of the housing 1. The stator 3 is mounted on the right side of the inner wall of the housing 1. The rotor 4 and commutator 5 are mounted on the shaft 2, and the commutator 5 is connected to the rotor 4. The rotor 4 is located inside the stator 3. Brushes 15 are symmetrically arranged vertically on the left side inside the housing 1, with the end faces of the brushes 15 contacting the outer wall of the commutator 5. When electrical energy is transmitted to the rotor 4 through the brushes 15 and the commutator 5, the fixed or rotating electromagnetic field generated in the stator 3 interacts with the current induced inside the rotor 4. Based on electromagnetic induction and the Lorentz force law, a driving force is generated, causing the rotor 4 and the shaft 2 to rotate, thus converting electrical energy into mechanical motion. The above describes the basic principle of a DC motor, which is existing technology and will not be elaborated further here. It also includes a controller 6. The system includes a mounting ring 7, a photosensitive sensor 8, a connecting block 9, a sliding plate 10, a grinding block 11, a connecting spring 12, an electromagnet 13, and an adjustment mechanism. A controller 6 is mounted on the top left side of the housing 1. A mounting ring 7 is connected to the middle of the inner side of the housing 1, and the rotating shaft 2 and commutator 5 rotate through the middle of the mounting ring 7. A photosensitive sensor 8 is mounted in the middle of the upper part of the mounting ring 7. Connecting blocks 9 are connected to the left sides of both the front and rear sides of the housing 1. Sliding plates 10 are slidably connected inside each of the two connecting blocks 9. Grinding blocks 11 are connected to the sides of the sliding plates 10 that are close to each other on both the front and rear sides, and the two grinding blocks 11 slide through the front and rear sides of the housing 1 respectively. A connecting spring 12 connects the sliding plate 10 and the connecting block 9. Two electromagnets 13 are mounted on the left sides of both the front and rear sides of the housing 1, and the electromagnets 13 can attract the sliding plates 10 through magnetic force. The adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the contact position between the brush 15 and the commutator 5.

[0036] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the adjustment mechanism includes a sliding frame 14, a compression spring 16, and a drive assembly. The sliding frame 14 is symmetrically slidably connected vertically to the left side of the inner side of the housing 1 and can slide left and right. The sliding frame 14 is inverted L-shaped, and its vertical portion is hollow. The brush 15 is located inside the vertical portion of the sliding frame 14 and can slide up and down. The two ends of the compression spring 16 are connected to the sliding frame 14 and the brush 15, respectively. The drive assembly is used to drive the sliding frame 14 to move. The drive assembly includes a mounting plate 17 and a bidirectional wire... The device consists of a rod 18, a driven gear 19, and a driving gear 20. A mounting plate 17 is connected to the left side of the inner wall of the housing 1, and a rotating shaft 2 rotates through the middle of the mounting plate 17. Two bidirectional lead screws 18 are symmetrically connected to the mounting plate 17, and the two bidirectional lead screws 18 are threadedly connected to two sliding frames 14 respectively. The left end of the bidirectional lead screws 18 is rotatably connected to the housing 1. A driven gear 19 is connected to each of the two bidirectional lead screws 18. A driving gear 20 is connected to the left side of the rotating shaft 2, and both driven gears 19 mesh with the driving gear 20.

[0037] Initially, the compression spring 16 is compressed, and under the elastic force of the compression spring 16, the end face of the brush 15 will be tightly against the outside of the commutator 5. First, the drive motor is installed in the designated position, and then the motor is powered on. When electrical energy is transmitted to the rotor 4 through the brush 15 and the commutator 5, the fixed or rotating electromagnetic field generated in the stator 3 interacts with the current induced inside the rotor 4. According to electromagnetic induction and the Lorentz force law, a driving force is generated to make the rotor 4 and the shaft 2 rotate, thereby converting electrical energy into mechanical motion for operation. At this time, the shaft 2 will drive the drive gear 20 to rotate, and the drive gear 20 will drive... The driven gear 19 and the double-acting lead screw 18 rotate, and the double-acting lead screw 18 drives the sliding frame 14 to slowly reciprocate left and right. The sliding frame 14 drives the brush 15 to reciprocate left and right, so that the brush 15 can make uniform contact with all parts of the outer side of the commutator 5. As the driving motor is used for a longer period of time, it can ensure uniform wear on the outer side of the commutator 5 and prevent grooves from appearing on the outer side of the commutator 5. As the wear of the brush 15 and the commutator 5 gradually intensifies, the compression spring 16 will gradually return to its original shape and push the two brushes 15 to gradually move closer to the commutator 5, ensuring that the brushes 15 are in close contact with the commutator 5. When carbon powder and other impurities adhering to the outside of the commutator 5 affect its good contact with the brush 15, sparks will be generated by the friction between the brush 15 and the commutator 5. At this time, the photosensitive sensor 8 will detect that the light intensity is greater than the preset value and will send a signal. After receiving the signal, the controller 6 will control the electromagnet 13 to be energized for one minute. After the electromagnet 13 is energized, it will attract the sliding plate 10 through magnetic force, so that the sliding plates 10 on the front and rear sides move closer to each other. The connecting spring 12 is stretched, and the sliding plate 10 will drive the grinding blocks 11 on the front and rear sides to move closer to each other until they contact the surface of the commutator 5. While the power is on, the grinding block 11 will continue to adhere to the surface of the commutator 5. As the commutator 5 continues to rotate, the grinding block 11 can grind and clean the outer surface of the commutator 5 to remove carbon powder and other impurities adhering to the outside of the commutator 5. After one minute, the controller 6 will control the electromagnet 13 to be de-energized, the connecting spring 12 will return to its original state, and drive the sliding plates 10 on the front and rear sides and the grinding block 11 to move to the side away from each other to reset, so that the grinding block 11 is separated from the commutator 5. In this way, the maintenance of the commutator 5 can be completed automatically without the need for operators to disassemble and maintain the commutator 5, saving time and effort.

[0038] like Figures 7-15As shown, it also includes a first filter cloth 22, a collar 23, fan blades 24, a commutation assembly, and a collection assembly. Three pieces of the first filter cloth 22 are circumferentially spaced on the mounting ring 7. A collar 23 is fitted onto the right side of the commutator 5 to allow the collar 23 to rotate freely outside the commutator 5. Multiple fan-shaped grooves 2301 are circumferentially spaced on the right side of the collar 23. Multiple fan blades 24 are also circumferentially rotatably connected to the outer wall of the collar 23. The commutation assembly is used to drive the fan blades 24 to rotate and adjust their orientation. The collecting component is used to collect carbon powder and impurities inside the housing 1; the commutation component includes a swing rod 2401 and connecting posts 25. Each fan blade 24's rotation shaft is connected to a swing rod 2401, and the swing rod 2401 corresponds one-to-one with the fan slot 2301, with the swing rod 2401 located within its corresponding fan slot 2301. Multiple connecting posts 25 are circumferentially spaced on the right side of the commutator 5, and the connecting posts 25 are located on the right side of the collar 23, and the connecting posts 25 are connected to the swing rod 2401. 01 Contact fit; The collection assembly includes a collection frame 26, a guide block 27, a magnetic ring 28, a connecting frame 29, and a second filter cloth 30. The collection frame 26 is connected to the left side of the outer shell 1, and the collection frame 26 has two square holes 2601 symmetrically opened at the top and bottom. The sliding frame 14 slides through the square holes 2601. The guide block 27 is connected to the right side of the inner wall of the collection frame 26, and the guide block 27 has a through hole 2701 in the middle. The rotating shaft 2 rotates through the through hole 2701. The right side of the guide block 27 is conical. On the other side, the magnetic ring 28 is magnetically attracted to the left side of the collection frame 26. The inner wall of the magnetic ring 28 is connected to the connecting frame 29, and the inner wall of the connecting frame 29 is connected to the second filter cloth 30. It also includes a fan-shaped baffle 31 and a rotating scraper 32. Three fan-shaped baffles 31 are circumferentially spaced on the left end of the inner wall of the through hole 2701. There is space between the three fan-shaped baffles 31 for the rotating shaft 2 to pass through. The left end of the rotating shaft 2 is connected to the rotating scraper 32, and the left side of the rotating scraper 32 is in contact with the right side of the second filter cloth 30.

[0039] During the operation of this drive motor, the commutator 5 rotates synchronously with the shaft 2. Simultaneously, the commutator 5 drives the connecting post 25 to rotate, which in turn drives the swing arm 2401, fan blade 24, and collar 23 to rotate together. As the fan blade 24 rotates, the resulting airflow blows carbon powder and other impurities generated during the wear of the brush 15 and commutator 5 to the left. The carbon powder and impurities pass through the ventilation hole on the left side of the housing 1 to the right side of the guide block 27, and then along the tapered surface on the right side of the guide block 27 into the through hole 2701. Finally, they travel along the through hole 2701... The carbon powder and impurities enter the collection frame 26, and the second filter cloth 30 can filter the carbon powder and impurities in the collection frame 26. At the same time, the rotating scraper 32 can also rotate synchronously with the rotating shaft 2, and the rotating scraper 32 can scrape off the carbon powder and impurities adhering to the surface of the second filter cloth 30, so that the carbon powder and impurities remain in the collection frame 26, ensuring the air permeability and filtration performance of the second filter cloth 30. When the operator rotates the drive motor 90 degrees, the first filter cloth 22 can prevent carbon powder and other impurities generated by the wear of the brush 15 and commutator 5 from falling into the mover 4 and stator 3. Furthermore, the carbon powder and impurities scraped off by the rotating scraper 32 are blocked by the fan-shaped baffle 31, preventing the airflow from the through hole 2701 from scattering the carbon powder and impurities, ensuring that the carbon powder and impurities remain in the collection frame 26. When the operator controls the rotating shaft 2 to reverse, the rotating shaft 2 can drive the commutator 5 and the connecting post 25 to reverse, causing the connecting post 25 to separate from the swing rod 2401. Subsequently, the connecting post 25 will contact the next swing rod 2401. At this time, the connecting post 25 will squeeze the swing rod 2401 to swing 60 degrees along the fan-shaped groove 2301, thereby driving the fan blade 24 to rotate. After rotating 60 degrees, the connecting column 25 will drive the swing rod 2401, fan blade 24 and collar 23 to reverse. At this time, the reverse rotation of the fan blade 24 can also generate airflow to the left, ensuring that the carbon powder and other impurities generated by the wear of the brush 15 and commutator 5 are blown to the left into the collection frame 26. When the collection frame 26 contains a certain amount of carbon powder and impurities, the motor can be disassembled, and then the magnetic ring 28 can be pulled to the left to separate from the collection frame 26, so as to clean the carbon powder and impurities in the collection frame 26. Finally, the motor can be installed back in its original position.

[0040] like Figure 16 As shown, it also includes a connecting plate 33 and an elastic protective sleeve 34. Two connecting plates 33 are connected to the right side of the mounting plate 17. The connecting plates 33 correspond one-to-one with the sliding frames 14, and an elastic protective sleeve 33 is connected between the connecting plate 33 and its corresponding sliding frame 14. An elastic protective sleeve 33 is also connected between the two sliding frames 14 and the right side of the mounting plate 17. The elastic protective sleeve 33 is fitted on the outside of the bidirectional lead screw 18. As the sliding frame 14 moves left and right, the elastic protective sleeve 34 extends and retracts accordingly to ensure that it always covers the bidirectional lead screw 18 and prevents carbon powder and impurities from entering the thread groove of the bidirectional lead screw 18.

[0041] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drive motor with automatic commutator maintenance function, comprising a housing (1), a shaft (2), a stator (3), a rotor (4), a commutator (5), and brushes (15), wherein the shaft (2) is rotatably connected to the housing (1), the stator (3) is mounted on the inner wall of the housing (1), the rotor (4) is mounted on the shaft (2) and located inside the stator (3), the commutator (5) is mounted on the shaft (2) and connected to the rotor (4), and the brushes (15) are symmetrically arranged inside the housing (1), with the end face of the brushes (15) contacting the outer wall of the commutator (5), characterized in that, It also includes a controller (6), a mounting ring (7), a photosensitive sensor (8), a connecting block (9), a sliding plate (10), a grinding block (11), a connecting spring (12), an electromagnet (13), and an adjustment mechanism. The controller (6) is mounted on the outer wall of the housing (1), the mounting ring (7) is connected to the inner wall of the housing (1), and the rotating shaft (2) and the commutator (5) rotate through the middle of the mounting ring (7). The photosensitive sensor (8) is mounted on the mounting ring (7), and the connecting block (9) is symmetrically connected to the housing. (1) Outer wall, sliding plate (10) is slidably connected to the inside of connecting block (9), grinding block (11) is connected to the side of sliding plate (10), and grinding block (11) slides through the side of outer shell (1), connecting spring (12) connects sliding plate (10) and connecting block (9), electromagnet (13) is symmetrically installed on the outer wall of outer shell (1), and electromagnet (13) can attract sliding plate (10) through magnetic force, and adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the contact position of brush (15) and commutator (5); The adjustment mechanism includes a sliding frame (14), a compression spring (16), and a drive assembly. The sliding frame (14) is symmetrically slidably connected inside the housing (1). The brush (15) is slidably connected to the sliding frame (14), and the sliding direction of the brush (15) is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding frame (14). The compression spring (16) connects the sliding frame (14) and the brush (15). The drive assembly is used to drive the sliding frame (14) to move. The drive assembly includes a mounting plate (17), a double-acting lead screw (18), a driven gear (19), and a driving gear (20). The mounting plate (17) is connected to the inner wall of the housing (1), and the rotating shaft (2) rotates through the middle of the mounting plate (17). The double-acting lead screw (18) is symmetrically rotated and connected to the mounting plate (17), and the double-acting lead screw (18) is threadedly connected to the sliding frame (14). The driven gear (19) is connected to the double-acting lead screw (18), and the end of the double-acting lead screw (18) is rotatably connected to the housing (1). The driving gear (20) is connected to the rotating shaft (2), and the driven gear (19) meshes with the driving gear (20).

2. A drive motor with automatic commutator maintenance function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first filter cloth (22), a collar (23), a fan blade (24), a reversing assembly, and a collecting assembly. The first filter cloth (22) is connected to the mounting ring (7) at intervals. The collar (23) is fitted on the outside of the reversing device (5), and the side of the collar (23) is circumferentially spaced with fan-shaped grooves (2301). The fan blade (24) is circumferentially rotatably connected to the collar (23). The reversing assembly is used to drive the fan blade (24) to rotate and adjust its orientation. The collecting assembly is used to collect carbon powder and impurities inside the housing (1).

3. A drive motor with automatic commutator maintenance function as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The commutation assembly includes a swing arm (2401) and a connecting post (25). The swing arm (2401) is connected to the rotation shaft (2) of the fan blade (24) and is located in the fan groove (2301). The connecting post (25) is circumferentially connected to the outside of the commutator (5) and is in contact with the swing arm (2401).

4. A drive motor with automatic commutator maintenance function as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The collection assembly includes a collection frame (26), a guide block (27), a magnetic ring (28), a connecting frame (29), and a second filter cloth (30). The collection frame (26) is connected to the side of the outer shell (1), and square holes (2601) are symmetrically opened on the collection frame (26). The sliding frame (14) slides through the square holes (2601). The guide block (27) is connected to the side of the collection frame (26) close to the outer shell (1), and a through hole (2701) is opened in the middle of the guide block (27). The rotating shaft (2) rotates through the through hole (2701). The magnetic ring (28) is magnetically attracted to the side of the collection frame (26) away from the outer shell (1). The connecting frame (29) is connected to the inner wall of the magnetic ring (28), and the second filter cloth (30) is connected to the inner wall of the connecting frame (29).

5. A drive motor with automatic commutator maintenance function as described in claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a fan-shaped baffle (31) and a rotating scraper (32). The fan-shaped baffle (31) is circumferentially spaced on the inner wall of the through hole (2701), and the rotating scraper (32) is connected to the end of the rotating shaft (2). The rotating scraper (32) is located between the second filter cloth (30) and the fan-shaped baffle (31).

6. A drive motor with automatic commutator maintenance function as described in claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a connecting plate (33) and an elastic protective sleeve (34). The connecting plate (33) is symmetrically connected to the side of the mounting plate (17). The elastic protective sleeve (34) is connected between the sliding frame (14) and the mounting plate (17) and between the sliding frame (14) and the connecting plate (33), respectively. The bidirectional screw (18) is located inside the elastic protective sleeve (34).

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