Enhanced environment-friendly arc plasma generating device and operation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an enhanced environment-friendly arc plasma generating device and an operation method thereof, and the arc plasma generating device is composed of a cathode assembly, an intermediate electrode assembly, an insertion section assembly, an anode assembly and a matched operation loop. And the operation loop realizes the process of transferring the arc root from the intermediate electrode to the anode through alternate cooperation of the two direct-current circuit breakers. And secondary gas is introduced into the insertion section assembly, so that the thermal efficiency of the plasma is improved, and the output power is improved. The invention provides an enhanced environment-friendly direct-current arc plasma generating device, which can realize stable plasma jet output under the condition that single superheated steam is used as a working medium, and enables key parameters such as temperature, speed, voltage and the like to be remarkably enhanced. Compared with the prior art, the device has the characteristics of excellent environmental protection performance, stable and reliable operation, high energy conversion efficiency and the like, and can be applied to the technical field of direct-current arc plasma.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of DC arc plasma, and particularly relates to an enhanced environmental protection arc plasma generating device and its operation method. Background Art

[0002] Thermal plasma has been widely used in the fields of solid waste treatment, material synthesis, metallurgical processes, and aviation technology due to its high quenching rate, rapid processing ability, and wide applicability of reaction media. Currently, due to its easy operation and high power output characteristics, the arc discharge technology has become the main technical path for preparing thermal plasma flow, and the arc plasma generator is the core component of this technology.

[0003] In traditional plasma technology, inert gases such as argon, nitrogen, and helium are usually used as working gases. However, these gases have many limitations in practical applications: Although argon has stable chemical properties, its collection and processing costs are relatively high; Although nitrogen is economical, it generates harmful nitrogen oxides under high temperature, polluting the environment; Helium is limited in its wide application due to its high cost and limited supply. In this context, water vapor has significant advantages due to its excellent thermodynamic properties, environmental friendliness, and high availability.

[0004] Currently, there are still limitations in the DC arc plasma generator technology. Firstly, in current practice, the large-scale axial displacement of the arc root on the anode wall causes fluctuations in the plasma voltage, thereby affecting the stability of its output power; Secondly, the thermal efficiency of the plasma decreases with the increase in the flow rate of the input gas, resulting in low thermal efficiency of the plasma in applications where high-speed plasma jets are required; Thirdly, during the operation of the plasma, the electrodes will inevitably be eroded, and in the existing arc plasma generator, the cathode replacement process requires the disassembly of the entire device, which significantly reduces the maintenance and operation efficiency. In summary, the DC arc plasma generator technology urgently needs to be improved to meet environmental protection requirements, improve system stability, enhance thermal efficiency, and simplify the operation process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an enhanced environmental protection arc plasma generating device and its operation method. The device consists of multiple key parts that cooperate with each other, including a cathode assembly, an intermediate electrode assembly, an innovative insertion section assembly, and an anode assembly with an optimized structure, which can significantly improve the thermal efficiency and stability of the plasma. Based on theoretical research and experiments, the present invention provides an enhanced environmental protection arc plasma generating device and its operation method with industrial application prospects, which can be used in the field of DC arc plasma technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] An enhanced environmentally friendly arc plasma generating device, comprising a cathode assembly 100, an intermediate electrode assembly 200, an insertion section assembly 300, an anode assembly 400 with an optimized structure, and a matching operation circuit 500;

[0008] The cathode assembly 100 includes a cathode body 101, a cathode base 102, a cathode housing 103, and a swirling gas component 107; wherein, the cathode body 101 is embedded in the cathode base 102 by a hard connection method to form a stable mechanical connection; the outer surface of the cathode base 102 is provided with a threaded structure, which matches the cathode housing 103 with an internal threaded structure to achieve detachable assembly of the two; the internal structure of the cathode housing 103 is optimized. The upstream part thereof is a hollow cathode assembly cooling water chamber 104 for storing a cooling medium to cool the cathode assembly; at the upstream end of the cathode housing 103, a cathode assembly cooling water pipe terminal 105 communicates with the cathode assembly cooling water chamber 104; the downstream part of the cathode housing 103 is designed as a groove structure to form a cathode assembly gas storage chamber 106; the swirling gas component 107 is welded by a ring 107a and a disc 107b. The outer surface of the ring 107a is coated with circumferentially evenly distributed air guide grooves. The outer diameter of the ring 107a matches the inner diameter of the cathode assembly gas storage chamber 106, and the inner diameter of the ring 107a is larger than the diameter of the cathode body 101, so that the swirling gas component 107 can conveniently pass through the cathode body 101 and be sleeved into the cathode housing 103; a through hole is provided in the downstream part of the outer surface of the cathode housing 103, which is directly communicated with the cathode assembly gas storage chamber 106 and is connected to the cathode assembly intake terminal 108; during operation, the introduced water vapor is uniformly introduced into the intermediate electrode assembly 200 in a swirling manner through the air guide grooves on the outer surface of the swirling gas component 107;

[0009] The connection between the intermediate electrode assembly 200 and the cathode assembly 100. The intermediate electrode assembly 200 includes a frustum-shaped electrode 201 with a hollow interior. The upstream opening diameter of the frustum-shaped electrode 201 is larger than the diameter of the cathode body 101, while the downstream opening diameter is smaller than the diameter of the cathode body 101, so that the cathode body 101 can smoothly penetrate and form a stable surface contact with the frustum-shaped electrode 201. The frustum-shaped electrode 201 is embedded in the intermediate electrode housing 202 and is fixed at both ends by the extrusion of sealing rings. The intermediate electrode housing 202 is also a hollow structure, and an intermediate electrode assembly cooling water chamber 203 is formed inside for cooling the frustum-shaped electrode 201. On the outer surface of the intermediate electrode housing 202, an intermediate electrode assembly cooling water pipe terminal 204 is communicated with the intermediate electrode assembly cooling water chamber 203. The outer surface of the ring 107a of the gas swirling member 107 is coated with a circumferentially uniformly distributed spiral gas guiding groove, and a continuous gas delivery channel is formed between the spiral gas guiding groove and the inner wall of the frustum-shaped electrode 201.

[0010] The insertion section assembly 300 is composed of a plurality of identical insertion section combinations. Each insertion section combination includes a copper ring 301 and a ceramic ring 302. The thickness of the copper ring 301 is the same as that of the ceramic ring 302. The inner diameter of the copper ring 301 is the same as the inner diameter of the downstream opening of the frustum-shaped electrode 201, and the outer diameter of the copper ring 301 matches the inner diameter of the ceramic ring 302, so that the copper ring 301 is completely embedded in the ceramic ring 302 to form a tight nested structure. The inner wall of the ceramic ring 302 is a hollow structure, and an insertion section assembly gas storage chamber 303 is formed inside for introducing and distributing gas. An air inlet hole is provided on the outer surface of the ceramic ring 302, and the air inlet hole is connected to the insertion section assembly air inlet terminal 304 by a thread and directly leads into the insertion section assembly gas storage chamber 303. A plurality of tangential air inlet holes are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the inner surface of the ceramic ring 302, and these air inlet holes penetrate into the interior of the copper ring 301, so that the gas can tangentially flow into the inner wall of the copper ring 301 from the insertion section assembly air inlet terminal 304 to form a vortex, further enhancing the swirling effect. By passing secondary gas through the insertion section assembly 300, the thermal efficiency of the plasma is improved, and the output voltage of the plasma is increased. Each insertion section combination is connected and fixed to the flanges on the intermediate electrode assembly 200 and the anode assembly 400 through the threaded holes on the ceramic ring 302 to ensure the stability and sealing of each component.

[0011] The anode assembly 400 is connected to the insertion section assembly 300 through a flange; the anode assembly 400 includes an anode 401, and long grooves are evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer surface of the anode 401, increasing the contact area between the cooling water and the anode 401; the interior of the anode 401 adopts a stepped expansion shape, optimizing the flow path of the gas flow and improving the stability of the output plasma jet; the anode 401 is embedded in the anode housing 402, and its two ends are fixed by the extrusion of the sealing ring; the anode housing 402 is a hollow structure, and an anode assembly cooling water chamber 403 is formed inside for cooling the anode 401; on the outer surface of the anode housing 402, the anode assembly cooling water pipe terminal 404 is communicated with the anode assembly cooling water chamber 403;

[0012] The operation circuit 500 includes a DC power supply 501. The positive pole of the DC power supply 501 is connected to one end of a first circuit breaker 502 and a second circuit breaker 503, and the negative pole is connected to one end of a protection resistor 504; the other end of the first circuit breaker 502 is connected to the terminal of the anode housing 402; the other end of the second circuit breaker 503 is connected to the terminal of the intermediate electrode housing 202; the other end of the protection resistor 504 is connected to the terminal of the cathode housing 103; the stepping motor 505 is fixedly connected through a connecting rod to the end of the threaded rod protruding from the cathode base 102. Through the precise control of the stepping motor 505, it drives the contact or separation between the cathode body 101 and the frustum-shaped electrode 201, thus igniting the arc; the output pipeline of the steam generator 506 is connected to the cathode assembly air inlet terminal 108 and the insertion section assembly air inlet terminal 304 respectively through a tee pipe joint and a valve, ensuring that water vapor can be distributed to the cathode assembly 100 and the insertion section assembly 300 with different flow rates; the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the water cooler 507 are respectively connected to the cathode assembly cooling water pipe terminal 105, the intermediate electrode assembly cooling water pipe terminal 204 and the anode assembly cooling water pipe terminal 404 through ferrule fittings to form a complete cooling water circulation system.

[0013] Preferably, two threaded holes are provided at the upstream end of the cathode housing 103. The threaded holes communicate with the cathode assembly cooling water chamber 104 and are reliably connected to the cathode assembly cooling water pipe terminal 105 through a threaded connection;

[0014] Preferably, two threaded holes are provided on the outer surface of the intermediate electrode housing 202, which communicate with the intermediate electrode assembly cooling water chamber 203 respectively, and are hermetically connected to the intermediate electrode assembly cooling water pipe terminal 204 through a threaded connection;

[0015] Preferably, two threaded holes are provided on the outer surface of the anode housing 402, which communicate with the anode assembly cooling water chamber 403, and are hermetically connected to the anode assembly cooling water pipe terminal 404 through a threaded connection.

[0016] Preferably, pressure is applied to the wafer 107b of the swirling gas component 107 through a flange to achieve reliable fixation of the swirling gas component 107.

[0017] Preferably, the through-hole is directly communicated with the cathode assembly gas storage chamber 106 and is hermetically connected to the cathode assembly intake terminal 108 by means of a threaded connection.

[0018] Preferably, the intermediate electrode assembly 200 is connected to the cathode assembly 100 through a combination of a flange and a ceramic insulating ring, wherein the ceramic insulating ring is fixed to the flange by screws to ensure reliable electrical insulation between the intermediate electrode assembly 200 and the cathode assembly 100;

[0019] Preferably, a continuous gas delivery channel is formed between the spiral gas guiding groove and the inner wall of the frustum-shaped electrode 201; specifically, evenly distributed gas guiding holes matching the spiral gas guiding groove are provided at the junction of the end of the spiral gas guiding groove and the wafer part 107b; when water vapor is introduced, it first passes through the spiral gas guiding groove on the outer surface of 107a of the swirling gas component, forms a stable swirling flow under the action of centrifugal force, and then is evenly introduced into the internal space of the intermediate electrode assembly 200 through the gas guiding holes on the wafer part 107b.

[0020] Preferably, the threaded holes of the ceramic ring 302 are aligned with the bolt holes on the flanges of the intermediate electrode assembly 200 and the anode assembly 400, and reliable connection is achieved through bolt tightening. At the same time, gaskets are provided between the connection surfaces to further ensure airtightness and structural stability.

[0021] Preferably, the step expansion ratio of the step expansion shape inside the anode 401 is 1.2, that is, the inner diameter of the upstream of the anode 401 is the same as the inner diameter of the copper ring 301 in the insert section assembly 300, and the inner diameter of the anode after step expansion is 1.2 times that before expansion; this not only optimizes the flow path of the gas flow but also improves the stability of the output plasma jet.

[0022] The operation method of the described enhanced environmentally friendly arc plasma generating device is as follows:

[0023] First, through the precise control of the stepper motor 505, the cathode body 101 is kept in contact with the frustum-shaped electrode 201; subsequently, the DC power supply 501 is started, and the stepper motor 505 is used to drive the threaded rotation of the cathode base 102, driving the cathode body 101 to gradually separate from the frustum-shaped electrode 201; during this process, the arc is successfully ignited, and the arc root is initially formed and stably adheres to the inner surface of the frustum-shaped electrode 201; then, the steam generator 506 transports water vapor to the cathode assembly air storage chamber 106 through the cathode assembly air inlet terminal 108; the water vapor forms a swirling flow through the spiral air guide groove of the swirling component 107 and evenly enters the intermediate electrode assembly 200 through the air guide holes on the wafer 107b; under the high temperature action of the arc, the water vapor is ionized to form plasma; due to the aerodynamic force generated by the continuously introduced water vapor, the arc root gradually moves towards the insertion section assembly 300 and finally reaches the anode assembly 400; at this time, the arc adheres to the inner walls of both the frustum-shaped electrode 201 and the anode 401, forming a stable plasma channel; after the device operation state is stable, the second circuit breaker 503 is disconnected to electrically disconnect the intermediate electrode assembly 200 from the DC power supply 501 and keep it in a suspended state; at this time, the arc root firmly adheres to the inner surface of the anode 401, and the device enters the stable operation stage, and under the aerodynamic force of the water vapor, a highly stable water vapor plasma jet is continuously output from the outlet of the device.

[0024] Preferably, the flow ratio is defined as the ratio of the water vapor inlet flow rate of the insertion section assembly 300 to the water vapor inlet flow rate of the cathode assembly 100; by adjusting the valve of the insertion section assembly air inlet terminal 304, the flow ratio and the gas inlet position are precisely controlled, thereby realizing the regulation of the secondary gas inlet, and further optimizing the thermal efficiency and output power of the plasma.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] 1) By inserting an insulating insertion section combination between the intermediate electrode assembly 200 and the anode assembly 400 and introducing secondary gas into the insertion section, the present invention significantly improves the thermal efficiency characteristics of the plasma. During the working process, the potential of the insertion section combination is in a suspended state, extending the arc length, thereby effectively increasing the power of the plasma without increasing the arc current. This design not only improves the energy utilization efficiency but also reduces the energy consumption of the system. Or in the application scenario with the same power, it reduces the arc current during operation and prolongs the service life of the device.

[0027] 2) The plasma generating device of the present invention uses water vapor as the working medium, achieving environmentally friendly plasma output under a wide range of operating conditions and avoiding potential environmental pollution. By separating the gas storage chamber from the cooling water chamber, the condensation pulsation of water vapor is effectively prevented, and a stable plasma flow output can be achieved without any auxiliary gas, further improving the economic and environmental performance of the system.

[0028] 3) The present invention fixes the cathode base 102 and the cathode housing 103 by threads, which not only simplifies the electrode replacement process without disassembling the entire device but also ensures the gas tightness. This design significantly improves the maintainability and operation convenience of the device, while ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system.

[0029] 4) Through a simple double-breaker configuration, the present invention effectively realizes the migration of the arc root from the intermediate electrode assembly 200 to the anode assembly 400, simplifies the complexity of the control circuit required in the entire arc root transfer process, and improves the reliability and operation efficiency of the control logic. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0030] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the overall enhanced environmentally friendly arc plasma generating device.

[0031] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cathode assembly of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the intermediate electrode assembly of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the insertion section assembly of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the anode assembly of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the component composition and connection of the operation circuit of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 is a comparison of the temperature field and velocity field distribution nephograms when the insertion section is with or without gas passage of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the outlet plasma temperature and the arc voltage of the present invention with the change of the flow ratio of the insertion section. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

[0038] The following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Figure 1is a cross-sectional view of the overall enhanced environmentally friendly arc plasma generating device, which includes a cathode assembly 100, an intermediate electrode assembly 200, an insertion section assembly 300, and an anode assembly 400, and also includes a matching operation circuit 500. Figure 1 Not drawn in the figure.

[0040] As Figure 2 shown, it includes a cathode body 101, a cathode base 102, a cathode housing 103, and a gas swirling component 107. Among them, the cathode body 101 is embedded in the cathode base 102 in a hard connection manner to form a stable mechanical connection. The outer surface of the cathode base 102 is provided with a threaded structure, which matches the inner threaded structure of the cathode housing 103, and the detachable assembly of the two is realized through threaded connection. This threaded connection structure not only ensures the gas tightness but also facilitates the replacement of the cathode body 101. Only through the threaded rotation operation can the inspection and replacement of the cathode body 101 be completed. The internal structure of the cathode housing 103 is optimized. Its upstream part is a hollow cathode assembly cooling water chamber 104 for storing cooling medium to achieve efficient cooling of the cathode assembly. Two threaded holes are provided at the upstream end of the cathode housing 103, which communicate with the cathode assembly cooling water chamber 104 and are reliably connected to the cathode assembly cooling water pipe terminal 105 through threaded connection. The downstream part of the cathode housing 103 is designed as a groove structure to form a cathode assembly gas storage chamber 106; the gas swirling component 107 is welded by a ring 107a and a disc 107b, and the outer surface of the ring 107a is coated with circumferentially evenly distributed gas guiding grooves. The outer diameter of the ring 107a matches the inner diameter of the cathode assembly gas storage chamber 106, and the inner diameter of the ring 107a is larger than the diameter of the cathode body 101, so that the gas swirling component 107 can conveniently pass through the cathode body 101 and be sleeved into the cathode housing 103. By applying pressure to the disc 107b of the gas swirling component 107 through a flange, the reliable fixation of the gas swirling component 107 is realized. A through hole is provided in the downstream part of the outer surface of the cathode housing 103, which is directly communicated with the cathode assembly gas storage chamber 106 and is hermetically connected to the cathode assembly intake terminal 108 through threaded connection. During operation, the introduced water vapor is uniformly introduced into the intermediate electrode assembly 200 in a swirling manner through the gas guiding grooves surrounding the outer surface of the gas swirling component 107.

[0041] As Figure 3As shown in the figure, the intermediate electrode assembly 200 is connected to the cathode assembly 100 through the combination of a flange and a ceramic insulating ring. The ceramic insulating ring is fixed to the flange by screws to ensure reliable electrical insulation between the intermediate electrode assembly 200 and the cathode assembly 100. The intermediate electrode assembly 200 includes a frustum-shaped electrode 201 with a hollow interior. The upstream opening diameter of the frustum-shaped electrode 201 is much larger than the diameter of the cathode body 101, while the downstream opening diameter is smaller than the diameter of the cathode body 101, so that the cathode body 101 can smoothly penetrate and form a stable surface contact with the frustum-shaped electrode 201. This design significantly enhances the breakdown field strength between the arc column and the wall surface of the frustum-shaped electrode, effectively avoiding the premature shunting of the arc. The frustum-shaped electrode 201 is embedded in the intermediate electrode housing 202 and is fixed at both ends by the extrusion of the sealing ring, which not only ensures the sealing of the cooling water but also ensures the stable connection of the frustum-shaped electrode 201 and the intermediate electrode housing 202 in space. The intermediate electrode housing 202 is also a hollow structure, and an intermediate electrode assembly cooling water chamber 203 is formed inside for effectively cooling the frustum-shaped electrode 201. Two threaded holes are provided on the outer surface of the intermediate electrode housing 202, which are respectively communicated with the intermediate electrode assembly cooling water chamber 203 and are hermetically connected to the intermediate electrode assembly cooling water pipe terminal 204 through a threaded connection. The outer surface of the gas swirling component 107 is evenly provided with spiral gas guiding grooves in the circumferential direction, and a continuous gas transmission channel is formed between the spiral gas guiding grooves and the inner wall of the frustum-shaped electrode 201. Specifically, the gas swirling component 107 includes a ring part 107a and a disc part 107b. The outer surface of the ring part 107a is provided with spiral gas guiding grooves evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and uniformly distributed air guiding holes matching the ring part 107a are provided at the junction of the end of the gas guiding groove and the disc part 107b. When water vapor is introduced, it first passes through the spiral gas guiding grooves on the outer surface of the 107a part of the gas swirling component, forms a stable swirling flow under the action of centrifugal force, and then is evenly introduced into the internal space of the intermediate electrode assembly 200 through the air guiding holes on the disc part 107b.

[0042] As Figure 4As shown, the insertion segment assembly 300 is composed of three identical insertion segment combinations. Each insertion segment combination includes a copper ring 301 and a ceramic ring 302. The copper ring 301 and the ceramic ring 302 have the same thickness. The inner diameter of the copper ring 301 is the same as the inner diameter of the downstream opening of the frustum-shaped electrode 201, and the outer diameter of the copper ring 301 matches the inner diameter of the ceramic ring 302, so that the copper ring 301 is completely embedded in the ceramic ring 302 to form a tight nested structure. The inner wall of the ceramic ring 302 is a hollow structure, forming an insertion segment assembly gas storage chamber 303 for introducing and distributing gas. An air inlet hole is provided on the outer surface of the ceramic ring 302. The air inlet hole is connected to the insertion segment assembly air inlet terminal 304 by threads and directly leads into the insertion segment assembly gas storage chamber 303. Four tangential air inlet holes are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner surface of the ceramic ring 302. These air inlet holes penetrate into the inside of the copper ring 301, so that gas can flow tangentially into the inner wall of the copper ring 301 from the insertion segment assembly air inlet terminal 304 to form a vortex, further enhancing the swirl effect. By passing secondary gas through the insertion segment assembly 300, the thermal efficiency of the plasma can be significantly improved, and the output voltage of the plasma can be increased, thereby improving the performance of the overall system. Each insertion segment combination is connected and fixed to the intermediate electrode assembly 200 and the flange on the anode assembly 400 through the threaded holes on the ceramic ring 302 to ensure the stability and sealing of each component. Specifically, the threaded holes on the ceramic ring 302 are aligned with the bolt holes on the flange, and reliable connection is achieved through bolt tightening. At the same time, a gasket is provided between each connection surface to further ensure airtightness and structural stability.

[0043] As Figure 5As shown, the anode assembly 400 and the insertion section assembly 300 are connected by a flange to ensure the stability and sealing between the two. The anode assembly 400 includes an anode 401 with an optimized structure. Long grooves are evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer surface of the anode 401. The design of these long grooves significantly increases the contact area between the cooling water and the anode 401, thereby effectively improving the cooling effect. The inside of the anode 401 adopts a stepped expansion shape. Through simulation research, its stepped expansion ratio is determined to be 1.2, that is, the inner diameter of the upstream of the anode 401 is the same as the inner diameter of the copper ring 301 in the insertion section assembly 300, and the inner diameter of the anode after stepped expansion is 1.2 times that before expansion. This design not only optimizes the flow path of the air flow but also significantly improves the stability of the output plasma jet. The anode 401 is embedded in the anode housing 402 and is fixed at both ends by the extrusion of the sealing ring, which not only ensures the sealing of the cooling water but also ensures the stable connection in space between the anode 401 and the anode housing 402. The anode housing 402 is a hollow structure, and an anode assembly cooling water chamber 403 is formed inside for efficiently cooling the anode 401. Two threaded holes are provided on the outer surface of the anode housing 402, which communicate with the anode assembly cooling water chamber 403 and are hermetically connected to the anode assembly cooling water pipe terminal 404 by a threaded connection method.

[0044] As Figure 6 shown, the operation circuit 500 includes a DC power supply 501. The positive pole of the DC power supply 501 is connected in parallel with one end of the first circuit breaker 502 and the second circuit breaker 503, and the negative pole is connected to one end of the protection resistor 504. The other end of the first circuit breaker 502 is connected to the terminal of the anode housing 402. The other end of the second circuit breaker 503 is connected to the terminal of the intermediate electrode housing 202. The other end of the protection resistor 504 is connected to the terminal of the cathode housing 103, thus forming a complete electrical circuit to ensure the stable transmission of current and the protection function of the equipment. The stepping motor 505 is fixedly connected by a connecting rod to the end of the threaded rod protruding from the cathode base 102. Through the precise control of the stepping motor 505, it drives the contact or separation between the cathode body 101 and the frustum-shaped electrode 201, thereby igniting the arc. The output pipeline of the steam generator 506 is connected to the cathode assembly air inlet terminal 108 and the insertion section assembly air inlet terminal 304 respectively through a three-way pipeline joint and a valve, ensuring that water vapor can be distributed to the cathode assembly 100 and the insertion section assembly 300 with different flow rates, providing the necessary medium support for the generation and stable operation of the plasma. The water inlet end and the water outlet end of the water cooler 507 are respectively connected to the cathode assembly cooling water pipe terminal 105, the intermediate electrode assembly cooling water pipe terminal 204, and the anode assembly cooling water pipe terminal 404 through ferrule joints, forming a complete cooling water circulation system.

[0045] In this example, the DC power supply 501 operates in a constant current mode, and the output current is set to 200 A. At the same time, the steam inlet flow rate of the cathode assembly 100 is controlled at 60 liters per minute (lpm). In the preparatory stage of starting the device, both the first circuit breaker 502 and the second circuit breaker 503 are in the closed state, enabling the output positive pole of the DC power supply 501 to form a complete electrical path with the intermediate electrode assembly 200 and the anode assembly 400. The specific operation steps are as follows:

[0046] First, through the precise control of the stepper motor 505, the cathode body 101 is kept in contact with the frustum-shaped electrode 201. Subsequently, the DC power supply 501 is started, and the stepper motor 505 is used to drive the threaded rotation of the cathode base 102, driving the cathode body 101 to gradually separate from the frustum-shaped electrode 201. During this process, the arc is successfully ignited, and the arc root is initially formed and stably adheres to the inner surface of the frustum-shaped electrode 201. Then, the steam generator 506 transports water vapor to the cathode assembly gas storage chamber 106 through the cathode assembly intake terminal 108. The water vapor forms a swirling flow through the spiral air guide groove of the swirling component 107 and uniformly enters the intermediate electrode assembly 200 through the air guide holes on the wafer 107b. Under the high temperature action of the arc, the water vapor is ionized to form a plasma. Due to the aerodynamic force generated by the continuously introduced water vapor, the arc root gradually moves towards the insertion section assembly 300 and finally reaches the anode assembly 400. At this time, the arc adheres to the inner walls of both the frustum-shaped electrode 201 and the anode 401, forming a stable plasma channel. After the operating state of the device is stable, the second circuit breaker 503 is disconnected, disconnecting the electrical connection between the intermediate electrode assembly 200 and the DC power supply 501, leaving it in a floating state. At this time, the arc root firmly adheres to the inner surface of the anode 401, and the device enters the stable operating stage. Under the aerodynamic force of the water vapor, a highly stable water vapor plasma jet is continuously output from the outlet of the device.

[0047] In the present invention, the flow ratio is defined as the ratio of the water vapor inlet flow rate of the insertion section assembly 300 to the water vapor inlet flow rate of the cathode assembly 100. By adjusting the valve of the insertion section assembly intake terminal 304, the flow ratio and the gas inlet position can be precisely controlled, thereby realizing the regulation of the secondary gas inlet, and further optimizing the thermal efficiency and output power of the plasma.

[0048] The insertion section assembly intake terminals 304 are sequentially named as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 insertion sections from upstream to downstream. As Figure 7As shown, when 30 lpm of steam is introduced into the No. 1 insertion section, the flow ratio is 0.5. Compared with the steady-state temperature field and velocity field when the flow ratio is 0 (i.e., the inlet flow rate of the cathode assembly is 90 lpm and no secondary gas is introduced), after the secondary gas is introduced into the insertion section, both the flow field and temperature field inside the device are significantly enhanced. Specifically, the high-speed region of the arc column expands significantly in the radial direction, and the velocity peak increases significantly; at the same time, the high-temperature region of the arc column extends significantly in the axial direction, indicating that the thermal efficiency of the plasma is effectively improved.

[0049] As Figure 8 shown, by adjusting the flow ratio and the position where the secondary gas is introduced into the insertion section assembly 300, the relationship curves of the temperature at the outlet of the device and the plasma output voltage with respect to the flow ratio are obtained. Figure 8 In (a), it shows that introducing the secondary gas into the insertion section assembly can significantly improve the thermal efficiency of the plasma. Specifically, no matter where the gas is introduced, the plasma temperature at the outlet is higher than that without introducing the secondary gas. It should be noted that when no secondary gas is introduced, the plasma temperature decreases with the increase of the inlet flow rate, which is mainly due to the cooling effect generated by the high-speed gas. On the contrary, when the gas is introduced into the No. 3 insertion section, the plasma temperature will increase with the increase of the flow rate. This phenomenon can be attributed to the local perturbation effect of the tangential entry of the gas on the arc column: as the flow ratio increases, the closer the insertion gas position is to the downstream region, the more easily its perturbation can enhance the vortex and mixing effects of the arc column, thereby increasing the plasma temperature. Figure 8 In (b), it further shows that when the secondary gas is introduced into the insertion section, the plasma output voltage is higher than the original output voltage. This result fully demonstrates that by optimizing the way of introducing the secondary gas into the insertion section assembly, the present invention can significantly improve the plasma output power, which has important practical application value.

[0050] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the specific implementation manners of the present invention. The description is relatively detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principles and technical concepts of the present invention, various changes, modifications, substitutions or deformations can be made according to the embodiments, including but not limited to structural optimization, parameter adjustment, function extension, etc. Any equivalent substitution or obvious variation based on the core idea of the present invention should be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An enhanced environmentally friendly arc plasma generating device, characterized in that: It includes a cathode assembly (100), an intermediate electrode assembly (200), an insertion section assembly (300), an anode assembly (400) with an optimized structure, and a matching operation circuit (500); The cathode assembly (100) includes a cathode body (101), a cathode base (102), a cathode housing (103), and a swirling gas component (107); among them, the cathode body (101) is embedded in the cathode base (102) by a rigid connection method to form a stable mechanical connection; the outer surface of the cathode base (102) is provided with a threaded structure that matches the inner threaded structure of the cathode housing (103) to achieve detachable assembly of the two; the internal structure of the cathode housing (103) is optimized. Its upstream part is a cathode assembly cooling water chamber (104) with a hollow structure for storing a cooling medium to cool the cathode assembly; at the upstream end of the cathode housing (103), a cathode assembly cooling water pipe terminal (105) communicates with the cathode assembly cooling water chamber (104); the downstream part of the cathode housing (103) is designed as a groove structure to form a cathode assembly gas storage chamber (106); the swirling gas component (107) is welded by a ring (107a) and a disc (107b). The outer surface of the ring (107a) is coated with circumferentially evenly distributed gas guiding grooves. The outer diameter of the ring (107a) matches the inner diameter of the cathode assembly gas storage chamber (106), and the inner diameter of the ring (107a) is larger than the diameter of the cathode body (101), so that the swirling gas component (107) can conveniently pass through the cathode body (101) and be sleeved into the cathode housing (103); a through hole is provided in the downstream part of the outer surface of the cathode housing (103), which is directly connected to the cathode assembly gas storage chamber (106) and is connected to the cathode assembly intake terminal (108); during operation, the introduced water vapor is evenly introduced into the intermediate electrode assembly (200) in a swirling flow manner through the gas guiding grooves surrounding the outer surface of the swirling gas component (107); Connection of the intermediate electrode assembly (200) with the cathode assembly (100). The intermediate electrode assembly (200) includes a frustum-shaped electrode (201) with a hollow interior. The upstream opening diameter of the frustum-shaped electrode (201) is larger than the diameter of the cathode body (101), while the downstream opening diameter is smaller than the diameter of the cathode body (101), so that the cathode body (101) can smoothly penetrate and form a stable surface contact with the frustum-shaped electrode (201); the frustum-shaped electrode (201) is embedded in the intermediate electrode housing (202), and its two ends are fixed by the extrusion of sealing rings; the intermediate electrode housing (202) is also a hollow structure, and an intermediate electrode assembly cooling water chamber (203) is formed inside for cooling the frustum-shaped electrode (201); on the outer surface of the intermediate electrode housing (202), an intermediate electrode assembly cooling water pipe terminal (204) is connected to the intermediate electrode assembly cooling water chamber (203); the outer surface of the ring (107a) of the gas swirling component (107) is coated with a circumferentially evenly distributed spiral gas guiding groove, and a continuous gas transmission channel is formed between the spiral gas guiding groove and the inner wall of the frustum-shaped electrode (201); The insertion segment assembly (300) is composed of a plurality of identical insertion segment combinations. Each insertion segment combination includes a copper ring (301) and a ceramic ring (302). The copper ring (301) and the ceramic ring (302) have the same thickness. The inner diameter of the copper ring (301) is the same as the downstream opening inner diameter of the frustum-shaped electrode (201), and the outer diameter of the copper ring (301) matches the inner diameter of the ceramic ring (302), so that the copper ring (301) is completely embedded in the ceramic ring (302) to form a tight nested structure; the inner wall of the ceramic ring (302) is a hollow structure, and an insertion segment assembly gas storage chamber (303) is formed inside for introducing and distributing gas; an air inlet hole is provided on the outer surface of the ceramic ring (302), and the air inlet hole is connected to the insertion segment assembly air inlet terminal (304) by a thread and directly leads into the insertion segment assembly gas storage chamber (303); a plurality of tangential air inlet holes are circumferentially evenly distributed on the inner surface of the ceramic ring (302), and these air inlet holes penetrate into the interior of the copper ring (301), so that gas can flow tangentially into the inner wall of the copper ring (301) from the insertion segment assembly air inlet terminal (304) to form a vortex, further enhancing the swirling effect; by passing secondary gas in the insertion segment assembly (300), the thermal efficiency of the plasma is improved, and the output voltage of the plasma is increased; each insertion segment combination is connected and fixed to the flanges on the intermediate electrode assembly (200) and the anode assembly (400) through the threaded holes on the ceramic ring (302) to ensure the stability and sealing of each component; The anode assembly (400) is connected to the insertion section assembly (300) through a flange; the anode assembly (400) includes an anode (401). Long grooves are evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer surface of the anode (401), increasing the contact area between the cooling water and the anode (401); the interior of the anode (401) adopts a stepped expansion shape, optimizing the flow path of the gas flow and improving the stability of the output plasma jet; the anode (401) is embedded in the anode housing (402) and is fixed at both ends by the extrusion of a sealing ring; the anode housing (402) is a hollow structure, and an anode assembly cooling water chamber (403) is formed inside for cooling the anode (401); on the outer surface of the anode housing (402), the anode assembly cooling water pipe terminal (404) is connected to the anode assembly cooling water chamber (403). The operation circuit (500) includes a DC power supply (501). The positive pole of the DC power supply (501) is connected to one end of the first circuit breaker (502) and the second circuit breaker (503), and the negative pole is connected to one end of the protection resistor (504); the other end of the first circuit breaker (502) is connected to the terminal of the anode housing (402); the other end of the second circuit breaker (503) is connected to the terminal of the intermediate electrode housing (202); the other end of the protection resistor (504) is connected to the terminal of the cathode housing (103); the stepping motor (505) is fixedly connected through a connecting rod to the end of the threaded rod protruding from the cathode base (102). Through the precise control of the stepping motor (505), it drives the contact or separation between the cathode body (101) and the frustum-shaped electrode (201), thus igniting the arc; the output pipeline of the steam generator (506) is connected to the cathode assembly air inlet terminal (108) and the insertion section assembly air inlet terminal (304) respectively through a three-way pipe joint and a valve, ensuring that water vapor can be distributed to the cathode assembly (100) and the insertion section assembly (300) with different flow rates; the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the water chiller (507) are respectively connected to the cathode assembly cooling water pipe terminal (105), the intermediate electrode assembly cooling water pipe terminal (204), and the anode assembly cooling water pipe terminal (404) through ferrule joints to form a complete cooling water circulation system.

2. The enhanced environmentally friendly arc plasma generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two threaded holes are provided at the upstream end of the cathode housing (103). The threaded holes communicate with the cathode assembly cooling water chamber (104) and are connected to the cathode assembly cooling water pipe terminal (105) through a threaded connection method. Two threaded holes are provided on the outer surface of the intermediate electrode housing (202), which communicate with the intermediate electrode assembly cooling water chamber (203) respectively and are hermetically connected to the intermediate electrode assembly cooling water pipe terminal (204) through a threaded connection method. Two threaded holes are provided on the outer surface of the anode housing (402), which communicate with the anode assembly cooling water chamber (403) and are hermetically connected to the anode assembly cooling water pipe terminal (404) through a threaded connection method.

3. An enhanced environmentally friendly arc plasma generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pressure is applied to the disc (107b) of the swirling gas component (107) through a flange to achieve reliable fixation of the swirling gas component (107).

4. An enhanced environmentally friendly arc plasma generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The through-hole is directly connected to the cathode assembly gas storage chamber (106) and is hermetically connected to the cathode assembly intake terminal (108) by means of a threaded connection.

5. An enhanced environmentally friendly arc plasma generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intermediate electrode assembly (200) is connected to the cathode assembly (100) through a combination of a flange and a ceramic insulating ring, where the ceramic insulating ring is fixed to the flange by screws to ensure reliable electrical insulation between the intermediate electrode assembly (200) and the cathode assembly (100).

6. An enhanced environmentally friendly arc plasma generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A continuous gas delivery channel is formed between the spiral gas guiding groove and the inner wall of the frustum-shaped electrode (201); specifically, evenly distributed gas guiding holes matching the spiral gas guiding groove are provided at the junction of the end of the spiral gas guiding groove and the circular disc part (107b); when water vapor is introduced, it first passes through the spiral gas guiding groove on the outer surface of the swirling member (107a), forms a stable swirling flow under the action of centrifugal force, and then is evenly introduced into the internal space of the intermediate electrode assembly (200) through the gas guiding holes on the circular disc part (107b).

7. An enhanced environmentally friendly arc plasma generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The threaded holes of the ceramic ring (302) are aligned with the bolt holes on the flanges of the intermediate electrode assembly (200) and the anode assembly (400), and reliable connection is achieved by tightening the bolts. At the same time, gaskets are provided between the connecting surfaces to further ensure airtightness and structural stability.

8. An enhanced environmentally friendly arc plasma generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step expansion ratio of the stepped expansion shape inside the anode (401) is 1.2, that is, the inner diameter of the upstream of the anode (401) is the same as the inner diameter of the copper ring (301) in the insertion section assembly (300), and the inner diameter of the anode after stepped expansion is 1.2 times that before expansion; this not only optimizes the flow path of the gas flow but also improves the stability of the output plasma jet.

9. A method for operating an enhanced environmentally friendly arc plasma generating device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps are as follows: First, through the precise control of the stepper motor (505), the cathode body (101) is kept in contact with the frustum-shaped electrode (201); then the DC power supply (501) is started, and the threaded rotation of the cathode base (102) is driven by the stepper motor (505) to drive the cathode body (101) to gradually separate from the frustum-shaped electrode (201); during this process, the arc is successfully ignited, and the arc root is initially formed and stably adheres to the inner surface of the frustum-shaped electrode (201); then, the steam generator (506) transports water vapor to the cathode assembly gas storage chamber (106) through the cathode assembly intake terminal (108); the water vapor forms a swirling flow through the spiral gas guiding groove of the swirling member (107) and evenly enters the intermediate electrode assembly (200) through the gas guiding holes on the circular disc (107b); under the high-temperature action of the arc, the water vapor is ionized to form plasma; due to the aerodynamic force generated by the continuously introduced water vapor, the arc root gradually moves towards the insertion section assembly (300) and finally reaches the anode assembly (400); at this time, the arc adheres to the inner walls of both the frustum-shaped electrode (201) and the anode (401) to form a stable plasma channel; after the operating state of the device is stable, the second circuit breaker (503) is disconnected to disconnect the electrical connection between the intermediate electrode assembly (200) and the DC power supply (501), and it is in a suspended state. At this time, the arc root is firmly attached to the inner surface of the anode (401), and the device enters the stable operation stage. Under the aerodynamic force of water vapor, a highly stable water vapor plasma jet is continuously output from the outlet of the device.

10. The operating method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The flow ratio is defined as the ratio of the water vapor inlet flow rate of the insertion section component (300) to the water vapor inlet flow rate of the cathode component (100); by adjusting the valve of the intake terminal (304) of the insertion section component, the flow ratio and the gas inlet position are precisely controlled, so as to realize the regulation of the secondary gas inlet, and further optimize the thermal efficiency and output power of the plasma.

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