Planting method for building woody climate carbon forest farm

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-cost-benefit planting method for building a woody climate carbon forest farm. The seeds of the woody plants are integrated into biodegradable fabric, film or flannelette to be planted. A biodegradable material is placed in a production area by adopting a film paving machine commonly used in agriculture. The CO2 emission of the climate carbon forest farm can be regarded as zero, no additional emission exists, and the purpose of climate protection can be achieved, so that the multipurpose utilization of the forest farm is carbon neutralization. The produced wood can be used in the wood industry or energy applications. Planting can also be used for border protection or used for secondary reclamation of damaged land, tailings, waste rock piles and municipal refuse landfills.

Description

[0001] This patent application relates to a planting method for constructing a woody climate carbon forest farm, in which the seeds of woody plants are integrated into biodegradable materials to construct the forest farm of the method. A biodegradable material containing seeds is directly laid on the production area by using a commonly used agricultural film-laying machine. The produced wood can be used for the wood industry or energy purposes. The planting can also be used for the secondary reclamation of damaged land, tailings and waste rock piles, and urban landfills. The climate carbon forest farm can be regarded as having zero CO2 emissions and no additional emissions, so the multi-purpose utilization of the forest farm is carbon-neutral and can achieve the purpose of climate protection.

[0002] Climate change, the current energy crisis, and the continuously rising demand for wood are all issues that require effective solutions.

[0003] The initial cost of constructing traditional climate carbon and energy forest farms is high. Any project that requires a large amount of financial resources will inevitably leave a huge ecological footprint, increase the use of resources and harmful emissions.

[0004] In addition, generally, forest farms require a large amount of irrigation water, so with the increasing shortage of water, their expediency is questionable.

[0005] Regarding forest farms constructed through micropropagation, the creation of hybrid species excludes their use as bee pastures because bees and other pollinating insects are extremely sensitive to any intervention that affects the plant gene pool. In the long run, the pollen and nectar of hybrid and genetically modified species will lead to the collapse of the pollinator population and the death of its individuals, as we have seen now.

[0006] Currently, traditional energy forest farms in Hungary can be divided into woody and herbaceous plants. Herbaceous plants can be replaced by the stem residues of grains because they are produced as by-products and it is not worth allocating resources to plant them. If we want to increase the yield of herbaceous stem residues, we need to increase the production area of grains. The yield of herbaceous stem residues can be increased by increasing the production area of grains.

[0007] Woody energy forest farms are usually poplar and willow species, constructed by planting cuttings, and false acacia and empress tree (Paulownia) species, constructed by planting saplings.

[0008] The planting costs of these species mainly include the soil preparation costs, as well as the production and cultivation costs of propagation materials. Soil preparation is carried out by heavy agricultural machinery for the following types of operations:

[0009] - Disk harrowing

[0010] - Deep plowing and loosening

[0011] - Medium-depth plowing

[0012] - Conduct joint tillage three times to level the land.

[0013] Soil preparation is carried out by machines powered by fossil fuels weighing several tons, and the weight and activities of these machines have a negative impact on the soil structure and fauna. Petroleum-based fuels greatly increase harmful emissions, so this cannot be considered a climate-friendly technology. Multiple joint tillages involve additional energy consumption. These operation processes need to be reduced by switching to soil-friendly technologies. Fossil energy sources need to be replaced by a renewable, zero-CO2 energy source.

[0014] Poplar, willow, and Paulownia tomentosa species require a considerable amount of water as they are adapted to humid, swampy habitats where the soil has high moisture and nutrient content. To achieve a rapid growth rate for these species, energy forests need to be planted on high-quality agricultural land, which correspondingly reduces the agricultural land available for food production.

[0015] If poor-quality land is available, the replenishment of nutrients and water involves very high costs. The high costs will necessarily leave a huge ecological footprint, so its climate protection balance and energy balance are not positive enough.

[0016] High-yield land needs to be reserved for food production. The planting costs need to be reduced. Species and technologies that can bring good results even under adverse conditions or on damaged land need to be used. The experience of using genetically modified and hybrid species is very short, and so far, their impacts have been very adverse: they deplete agricultural land and inhibit the reproduction of pollinating insects.

[0017] Planting Robinia pseudoacacia saplings is actually a two-step method that requires two soil preparations: first, sow the seeds to produce saplings, and then remove the saplings and plant them in their final positions.

[0018] Two soil preparations, as well as removing and replanting the saplings, definitely involve additional costs. In addition, the cutting of the sapling roots will hinder the development of individual trees for one or two growing seasons, which is a significant loss.

[0019] Patent JPH06185065A discloses a tree planting method in which seeds are directly attached to and held on a net-like body for planting. The seeds are protected by the net-like body, and when the seeds germinate, the net-like body is decomposed.

[0020] The net-like body is formed by using conjugated fiber rayon, in which at least one polymer emulsion or water-soluble polymer is internally added to the viscose solution.

[0021] Patent KR20100091540A discloses a seeding method in which plant seeds are placed in a geotextile composed of corn cotton or jute, or a mixture of corn cotton and coir fiber. The seeds are dispersed between two layers, and when the seeds germinate, the corn cotton decomposes underground.

[0022] Patent JP2001123450A discloses a bag body that undergoes biodegradation by hydrolysis so that the final degradation products are completely converted into substances existing in nature. The bag body includes a fabric woven or knitted using biodegradable aliphatic polyester fibers, and a biodegradable sheet on which seeds and / or fertilizers and manure are installed is disposed inside.

[0023] The disadvantages of the above solutions are that the production of biodegradable materials containing seeds is complex and expensive, and in addition, it is difficult to place them in large production areas.

[0024] The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above defects and provide a method for constructing an energy forest farm, the cost of which does not exceed the cost of constructing a conventional forest farm, the demand for irrigation water is zero or negligible, and there is a stable gene pool that does not pose a threat to pollinating insects.

[0025] One object is to significantly reduce the resources required for soil preparation because there is no need to prepare the land to the quality of a seedbed. Deep tillage and subsoiling and multiple combined cultivations can be omitted.

[0026] Another object is to optimize the amount of propagation material used and ensure that seeds can be easily and quickly placed in the production area without preliminary soil preparation.

[0027] Yet another object is to ensure that seeds are placed at specific spacings and depths regardless of soil inhomogeneity, and the density of the constructed forest farm can be planned.

[0028] Another object is to avoid weeding, thus eliminating the need for weed control until the seeds emerge.

[0029] A further object is to withstand the energy crisis by providing its own energy source.

[0030] Another further object is to provide border protection functions, such as along national borders, and private property protection functions.

[0031] The established object is achieved in this way: before placing the seeds of woody plants in the production area, they are integrated into biodegradable materials. Before integration, the row spacing and seed spacing are planned by considering the characteristics of the production area and the seed species, and the seeds are arranged accordingly during integration so that the forest farm density corresponds to the planned density.

[0032] Accordingly, the present invention relates to a planting method for constructing a woody climate carbon forest farm, by integrating the seeds of woody plants / seeds of root sucker tree species, preferably the seeds of false acacia, or the seeds of thorny locust, into biodegradable materials, and directly laying the biodegradable materials on the production area by a commonly used mulching machine in agriculture.

[0033] The method of the present invention can be implemented with any commercially available biodegradable materials: films, flannelette, fabrics, strings, paper tapes or floral foams.

[0034] The biodegradable materials are, for example, films / flannelette made of corn starch or potato starch; fabrics made of hemp or flax; strings made of hemp or flax.

[0035] Before placing the seeds in the production area, they are integrated into the biodegradable materials, preferably on the production line during the production of the biodegradable materials. In this way, during the production of materials of the required width, the subtask of integrating appropriately prepared seeds can be inserted into the production line process, or the seeds are integrated into the produced biodegradable materials by a seed strip making machine.

[0036] Integrating the seeds into the biodegradable materials is carried out by placing the seeds between two layers of films, two layers of flannelette, two layers of fabrics or two layers of paper tapes, in such a way that the seeds are placed in the lower layer of the film, flannelette or fabric or the lower layer of the paper tape at a determined seed spacing and row spacing.

[0037] The mutually stacked layers containing the seeds are fixed to each other with an aqueous glue, or are roughly sewn or loosely sewn with threads made of the same material, so as to fix the seeds without displacement and maintain the determined seed spacing and row spacing.

[0038] In this way, strips of a determined width can be produced, which are made of biodegradable materials and contain seeds with a determined seed spacing and spacing, and can be directly laid on the production area by an agricultural mulching machine. The strips are preferably placed parallel to each other, with a distance of 70 - 100 cm between them.

[0039] The planting method for constructing a climate carbon forest farm of the present invention is also applicable to constructing a border protection belt. In this case, preferably the seeds of thorny locust are used, and the strips containing the seeds of thorny locust are directly placed side by side on the production area, thus constructing a border protection belt.

[0040] Integrating the seeds into the string is achieved by winding.

[0041] The seeds are integrated into the floral foam one by one by insertion.

[0042] The film-laying machine is also applicable to laying thin strings because thin strings are also in rolls, just like films, and corresponding machines can be set up for technical transformation.

[0043] A film-laying agricultural machine can lay multiple rolls simultaneously.

[0044] The film strips, flannel strips, fabric strips, paper strips or thin strings are covered by soil with a maximum thickness of 5 mm or less.

[0045] The type of biodegradable material is selected according to the soil and climate conditions of the forest farm to be built.

[0046] In the biodegradable material, the row spacing and seed spacing for placing seeds are suitable for the species and the characteristics of the production site. The widths of the fabric, film, flannel strip and paper strip are 10 cm to 100 cm.

[0047] According to the planting plan, the seeds are arranged in the strips made of biodegradable materials.

[0048] For example:

[0049] 1. In the case of the double-row planting mode:

[0050] Row spacing: 12 cm

[0051] Seed spacing: 25 cm

[0052] Strip width: 25 cm

[0053] 2. In the case of three double-row planting modes:

[0054] Row spacing: 12 - 24 - 12 - 24 - 12 cm

[0055] Seed spacing: 5 - 10 cm

[0056] Strip width: 100 cm

[0057] The seeds of any root-suckering tree are suitable for building the plantation of the present invention. The preparation of the seeds to be incorporated into the biodegradable material includes the following methods: cleaning, screening, and then scarifying (abrading the seed coat to promote germination) the seeds.

[0058] If necessary, chemical coating can be carried out according to the conditions of the production area (to protect the seedlings from insect, bacterial and fungal pests).

[0059] Preferably, the seeds of Robinia pseudoacacia or Gleditsia triacanthos are planted. The long and strong thorns of Gleditsia triacanthos make it suitable for building a border protection belt to provide protection against various two-legged and four-legged intruders.

[0060] Coated seeds of Robinia pseudoacacia, mainly collected from the domestic market, are integrated into biodegradable materials. Robinia pseudoacacia is known for its fast growth and strong adaptability. It has low requirements and can grow even on the most barren soil.

[0061] Robinia pseudoacacia has been cultivated in Hungary for more than 250 years. It has adapted to local conditions, and its gene pool is stable without genetic modification.

[0062] Characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia:

[0063] Low water requirement, drought tolerance

[0064] - Soil binding ability

[0065] - It has papilionaceous flowers and adds nitrogen to the soil

[0066] - It produces "planted soil" within 2 years

[0067] - Extremely high biodiversity at the litter layer level

[0068] - Closed technology - Water retention ability

[0069] - High individual number

[0070] - Its deeply penetrating roots bring the washed - down nutrients back to the soil surface.

[0071] - Secondary energy utilization - Returning ash as nutrients to the forest farm.

[0072] As a nectar - producing plant, the honey obtained from Robinia pseudoacacia has the best quality. Robinia pseudoacacia has a high dry - matter content. When harvested, its moisture content is only 35%, while that of oak is 65%, beech is 70%, and poplar and willow are over 70%. In addition, Robinia pseudoacacia contains substances that can promote combustion even when it is wet, so it is very suitable for energy utilization.

[0073] The leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia are very suitable for feed use. Targeted research found that its crude protein content is higher than that of high - quality alfalfa meal, but its fiber content is lower and it is easier to digest. Due to its fast growth and high individual number, it makes it possible to produce a large amount of wood while protecting the soil and the forest.

[0074] The energy utilization of the large amount of wood produced can be carried out in a thermal power plant. The electricity generated in this way has zero CO2 emissions because it only releases the carbon sequestered a few years ago and thus does not increase the CO2 cycle. The electricity generated in this way is carbon-neutral green electricity. If electric machines are used for planting and soil preparation and their batteries are charged with the green electricity generated by the power plant, the fossil fuel-based diesel fuel can be eliminated from the system. In this way, a completely self-sufficient system is obtained that does not depend on external fossil energy sources.

[0075] The direct utilization of solar and wind energy shows extremely high hysteresis in long-term performance, and their availability depends on weather conditions. The energy generated from domestic fossil energy sources further increases harmful emissions.

[0076] The biomass produced by the Climate Carbon Forest Farm can provide a continuous and long-term supply for biomass-based thermal power plants in the form of wood chips.

[0077] The planting method of the present invention is described in detail by the following embodiments, where

[0078] Figure 1 : is a schematic diagram of the double-row planting pattern of Robinia pseudoacacia seeds;

[0079] Figure 2 : is a schematic diagram of the three-row planting pattern of Robinia pseudoacacia seeds;

[0080] Figure 3 : is a schematic diagram of building a border protection belt by planting Gleditsia triacanthos seeds.

[0081] Example 1:

[0082] To build a forest farm, the production site needs to be inspected first.

[0083] The production site is inspected for the purpose of determining the suitability of the selected production area. A sampling pit needs to be dug in this area, with a depth of about 2m. The sampling pit can be used to find out the composition and structure of the soil, as well as whether there is stagnant water at a depth of 2m. The number of required sampling sites changes according to the area and soil conditions. Generally, for an area of 15 - 20 ha, digging a sampling pit with a depth of 1.5 - 2m is sufficient. The samples are tested in the laboratory, and an expert opinion is issued based on this. Planting can start with an expert opinion indicating that the area is suitable.

[0084] Planting is usually carried out on several hectares (of land). From the perspective of economies of scale, production needs to be carried out on a large scale, using plots of 20 ha. But it also brings significant economic benefits on a smaller scale.

[0085] After inspecting the production site, the planting method continues with soil preparation. Soil preparation consists of disk harrowing and combined tillage. Through combined tillage, the topsoil broken up by disk harrowing is leveled to a sufficient extent. If necessary, combined tillage is carried out up to two times in the production area.

[0086] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the double-row planting pattern for Robinia pseudoacacia seeds 2.

[0087] The prepared Robinia pseudoacacia seeds 2 represented by × are integrated into the biodegradable corn starch-based film strip 1 by a seed strip making machine, and the strip is placed on the prepared soil. The Robinia pseudoacacia seeds 2 represented by × are collected from the production inventory of Robinia Pseudoacacia, that is, false acacia. The collected propagation materials are screened and washed, and then the seed coats are scratched in a rotatable drum with a grinding surface. After scratching, the seeds are coated with pesticides approved for this species. Then the Robinia pseudoacacia seeds 2 represented by × are put into the hopper of the seed strip making machine. According to the seed spacing and row spacing of the planting plan, the Robinia pseudoacacia seeds 2 represented by × are moved from the hopper to the lower film layer, and then the upper film layer is placed and fixed on it, keeping the Robinia pseudoacacia seeds 2 represented by × stable and orderly in the film strip 1. In this embodiment, the two film layers are fixed to each other with water-based glue.

[0088] The width of the film strip 1 in this embodiment is 25 cm, in which the Robinia pseudoacacia seeds 2 represented by × are arranged in two rows, and the row spacing is 12 cm. The seed spacing between the Robinia pseudoacacia seeds 2 represented by × in the same row is 25 cm. The double rows are staggered from each other, and the seeds are arranged diagonally to leave more growth space. In this embodiment, the rows are staggered by 12.5 cm.

[0089] Planting in the production area is carried out at the end of May.

[0090] The 25-cm-wide film strip 1 is placed in a roll on the shaft of the film laying machine. Several film strips 1 can be placed side by side on the shaft of the film laying machine. There is an 80-cm interval between the film strips 1 to ensure the row spacing between the strips. Therefore, the film laying machine can lay several film strips 1 in parallel at the same time, ensuring that the spacing between the film strips 1 placed in the production area is 80 cm.

[0091] The side disks of the film laying machine cover a soil narrow strip of up to 5 mm on the film strip 1.

[0092] Example 2:

[0093] The three-row planting method includes the same process as the double-row planting method.

[0094] In the case of planting according to Figure 2 the biodegradable corn starch-based flocked cloth strip 3 contains three rows of Robinia pseudoacacia seeds 2 represented by ×.

[0095] In the three-row planting method, the width of the flocked strip 3 is 37 cm, the row spacing is 12 cm, and the seed spacing is 25 cm. The spacing between two flocked strips is 80 cm. Each row is staggered by 12.5 cm.

[0096] Example 3:

[0097] Figure 3 The construction of the border protection strip 5 is shown. Gleditsia in the United States is very beneficial for the construction of the border protection strip 5 because of its density and large poisonous thorns containing formic acid, which form an insurmountable barrier. To construct the border protection strip 5, three biodegradable corn starch-based film strips 1 are placed side by side using a film laying machine. The width of one film strip 1 is 96 cm, so the width of the growing seedlings forming the border protection strip 5 is 288 cm. The film strip 1 contains Gleditsia seeds 4, with a row spacing of 12 cm and a seed spacing of 25 cm between the Gleditsia seeds 4.

[0098] The access road 6 between two border protection strips 5 is shown in the figure. According to this embodiment, an 800-cm-wide access road 6 extends along the border protection strip 5 to provide passage for vehicles serving border protection, and another border protection strip 5 is constructed on the other side of it.

[0099] An unexpected effect of the method of the present invention is that the known technical parts are combined in an unused and unknown way until recognized, in a more cost-effective way, with a larger product volume and a wider range of use.

Claims

1. A planting method for constructing a woody climate carbon forest farm, by integrating the seeds of root-sprouting tree species and the seeds of seed-propagated tree species into biodegradable fabrics, films or flannelette, characterized in that, Place the seeds in an orderly manner between two layers of fabric, film or flannel, and then fix these two layers to each other. The strip containing the seeds in an orderly manner formed in this way is directly placed in the production area parallel to each other at a specified spacing through a film-laying machine commonly used in agriculture.

2. The planting method for constructing a woody climate carbon forest farm according to claim 1, characterized in that Integrate false acacia seeds (2) into biodegradable fabric, film or flannel.

3. The planting method for constructing a woody climate carbon forest farm according to claim 1, characterized in that Integrate thorny locust seeds (4) into biodegradable fabric, film or flannel.

4. The planting method for constructing a woody climate carbon forest farm according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The biodegradable fabric is made of hemp or flax.

5. The planting method for constructing a woody climate carbon forest farm according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The biodegradable film or flannel is made of corn starch or potato starch.

6. The planting method for constructing a woody climate carbon forest farm according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The mutually stacked layers containing seeds are fixed to each other with aqueous glue, or are roughly sewn or loosely sewn with threads made of the same material.

7. The planting method for constructing a woody climate carbon forest farm according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that Place the strips containing false acacia seeds (2) arranged in two rows parallel to each other in such a way that the spacing between the strips is 70 to 100 cm, and where the false acacia seeds (2) are arranged on a 25-cm-wide strip, the row spacing is 12 cm, the seed spacing is 25 cm, and the rows are staggered by 12.5 cm.

8. The planting method for constructing a woody climate carbon forest farm according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that Place the strips containing false acacia seeds (2) arranged in three rows parallel to each other in such a way that the spacing between the strips is 70 to 100 cm, and where the false acacia seeds (2) are arranged on a 37-cm-wide strip, the row spacing is 12 cm, the seed spacing is 25 cm, and the rows are staggered by 12.5 cm.

9. The planting method for building a woody climate carbon forest farm according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that Plant the thorny locust seeds (4) in such a way that the thorny locust seeds (4) are arranged on a 96-cm-wide strip, the row spacing is 12 cm, the seed spacing is 25 cm, and the rows are staggered by 12.5 cm, and place three 96-cm-wide strips directly side by side.

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