Corn straw smashing strip rotary mixing and different-position covering returning machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a corn straw smashing strip rotary mixing and different-position covering returning machine, and belongs to the field of agricultural machinery equipment. According to the invention, a plurality of returning modes are combined, a new concept of combining co-position rotary mixing and different-position covering is provided, straws cover the ground surface of a strip where rotary mixing operation is carried out like a blanket, efficient and uniform picking and crushing of the straws are realized through a high-torque double-blade Y-HC type compound cutter, and the field returning efficiency is improved. Then three-dimensional mutual embedding of the straw and the soil is achieved by means of in-situ rotary mixing of the in-situ rotary mixing component, finally, a straw layer-straw soil mixed layer double-layer section structure is constructed through an ex-situ strip shaping and covering technology of the ex-situ flow guide component and the carding and finishing component, the soil moisture conservation and dust suppression functions are further enhanced, straw decomposition is accelerated, and the soil quality is improved. And orderly conveying and strip covering of the straw are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery equipment, and specifically relates to a corn straw crushing strip rotation mixing and off-site covering returning machine. Background Art

[0002] In current agricultural production, the resource utilization of straw has become the core link in building an ecological circular agricultural system. Straw is rich in organic matter and mineral nutrients. After decomposition, it can increase soil humus, improve the soil aggregate structure, enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity. Long-term straw returning to the field can alleviate soil compaction and degradation problems, create a good environment for crop growth, and promote the sustainable development of green agriculture.

[0003] In conservation tillage, uniform full-field covering of crushed straw can increase the fertility of the soil surface. However, there are generally problems such as uneven straw crushing, long decomposition cycle, soil moisture fluctuation (decrease in ground temperature in spring), and serious impact on precision seeding and emergence rate. While strip rotation mixing and off-site covering of crushed straw can effectively solve the above problems.

[0004] Due to the single function of existing returning machines, lack of efficient straw sorting and rotation mixing ability, and off-site covering relying on manual labor or modified separate machines, there are defects such as high transfer energy consumption and low laying accuracy. Independent operation of multiple process links leads to repeated entry into the field, causing soil compaction. Although some machines can reduce soil disturbance, the mixing effect of straw and soil is poor, and phenomena such as straw floating or deep burial are likely to occur, unable to achieve strip rotation mixing and off-site covering of crushed straw, lacking applicable high-quality, high-efficiency and low-consumption composite straw returning equipment.

[0005] Therefore, a composite equipment integrating high-efficiency straw crushing, strip in-situ rotation mixing, off-site throwing and covering, and strip shaping is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows: A corn straw crushing strip rotation mixing and off-site covering returning machine, including a machine shell component, a transmission component, a pickup and crushing component, an off-site diversion component, an in-situ rotation mixing component, and a combing and shaping component; The pickup and crushing component, the off-site diversion component, the in-situ rotation mixing component, and the combing and shaping component are all arranged inside the machine shell component, and a transmission component for providing power to the pickup and crushing component, the in-situ rotation mixing component, and the combing and shaping component is arranged on the machine shell component; The pickup and crushing component includes a pickup and crushing rotating shaft rotatably arranged on the machine shell component, and a plurality of pickup and crushing cutter heads are arranged on the pickup and crushing rotating shaft. The machine shell component includes a cover plate located above the pickup and crushing component, and a plurality of crushing fixed cutters matching the pickup and crushing cutter heads are arranged at the bottom of the cover plate; On one side of the picking and crushing component, there are an out-of-position diversion component and an in-position swirl mixing component. The out-of-position diversion component is arranged above the in-position swirl mixing component. The out-of-position diversion component includes a diversion cover and a diversion rear shell. A plurality of in-position discharge through slots communicating with the in-position swirl mixing component are opened at the bottom of the diversion cover. Partition plates are arranged on both sides of the in-position discharge through slots. A diversion rear shell is arranged on the side of the diversion cover away from the picking and crushing component. The diversion rear shell, together with the side diversion plate and the V-shaped diversion plate arranged inside it, forms a plurality of out-of-position discharge slots corresponding to the in-position discharge through slots. The in-position swirl mixing component includes a swirl mixing knife shaft rotatably arranged on the casing component. A plurality of groups of swirl mixing knives matching the in-position discharge through slots are arranged on the swirl mixing knife shaft. On the side of the in-position swirl mixing component away from the picking and crushing component, there is a combing and shaping component.

[0007] Preferably, the casing component further includes side plates and cross beams. The casing component is an overall square frame structure. The picking and crushing component, the out-of-position diversion component, the in-position swirl mixing component, and the combing and shaping component are all arranged inside the square frame structure. The transmission component includes an input shaft, an output shaft, a gearbox, and a driving wheel. One end of the input shaft is in transmission connection with the towing device for installing the rotary tiller. The other end of the input shaft is connected to the gearbox. The output end of the gearbox is provided with an output shaft, and a driving wheel is arranged on the output shaft. Power is provided for the picking and crushing component, the in-position swirl mixing component, and the combing and shaping component through the driving wheel.

[0008] Preferably, the picking and crushing rotating shaft of the picking and crushing component is rotatably connected to the side plate. One end of the picking and crushing rotating shaft penetrates through the side plate. A picking transmission wheel is arranged at the end of the picking and crushing rotating shaft penetrating through the side plate. The picking transmission wheel is connected to the driving wheel through a belt. A plurality of groups of mutually offset picking and crushing knife seats are circumferentially and equidistantly arranged on the picking and crushing rotating shaft. A plurality of picking and crushing knife seats in each group are axially and equidistantly arranged along the picking and crushing rotating shaft. A picking and crushing knife head is arranged on each picking and crushing knife seat.

[0009] Preferably, the picking and crushing knife head is a combined knife head in which three hammer claw blades are combined in a Y-shaped blade structure. And the two outermost hammer claw blades are provided with blades facing outward. There are two blades on the crushing fixed knife. The two blades of the crushing fixed knife are matched with the positions of the three hammer claw blades of the picking and crushing knife head.

[0010] Preferably, an upper side sliding angle spring tooth component and a lower side diversion auxiliary spring tooth component are arranged between the picking and crushing component and the out-of-position diversion component. The upper sliding-angle spring tooth component described above includes a connecting plate and a mounting shaft. The mounting shaft is rotatably connected to the side plate. Both ends of the mounting shaft penetrate through the adjacent side plates and are provided with adjusting arms. A plurality of connecting plates are fixedly arranged on the mounting shaft. At positions corresponding to the positions where the same-position discharge through slots are not provided on the diversion cover on the mounting shaft, a plurality of upper spring teeth are sleeved. The end of the upper spring tooth away from the mounting shaft faces above the picking and crushing rotating shaft. The upper spring tooth is fixedly connected to the adjacent connecting plate. A fixing bolt is provided at one end of the adjusting arm away from the mounting shaft. The adjusting arm can rotate circumferentially along the mounting shaft. A positioning sliding groove is formed at a position on the side plate corresponding to the end of the adjusting arm away from the mounting shaft. The lower diversion auxiliary spring tooth component described above includes a mounting plate. Both ends of the mounting plate are fixedly connected to the adjacent side plates. A plurality of lower spring teeth are equidistantly arranged on the mounting plate. The end of the lower spring tooth away from the mounting plate faces below the picking and crushing rotating shaft.

[0011] Preferably, the mixing shaft of the same-position mixing component is rotatably connected to the side plate. One end of the mixing shaft away from the picking transmission wheel penetrates through the side plate and is provided with a mixing transmission wheel. The mixing transmission wheel is connected to the driving wheel by a belt. At positions corresponding to each same-position discharge through slot on the mixing shaft, a set of mixing knife seats is provided. Each set includes a plurality of pairs of paired mixing knife seats. The plurality of pairs of mixing knife seats in each set are equidistantly arranged along the axial direction of the mixing shaft, and the equidistantly arranged mixing knife seats are offset at a certain angle. A mixing knife is provided on each mixing knife seat. The ends of the paired mixing knives are arc-shaped structures facing in opposite directions.

[0012] Preferably, it further includes a pressing component. The pressing component includes a connecting frame and a pressing roller. The connecting frame is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the partition plate. A first spring seat facing the diversion rear shell is provided on the connecting frame. A connecting ear is provided at the bottom of the partition plate. An adjusting spring is fixedly arranged on the first spring seat. One end of the adjusting spring away from the first spring seat is fixedly provided with a second spring seat. A regulating screw is fixedly arranged on the side of the second spring seat away from the adjusting spring. One end of the regulating screw away from the second spring seat passes through the connecting ear and is threadedly connected with an adjusting nut. The pressing roller is rotatably connected to the bottom of the connecting frame.

[0013] Preferably, the combing and shaping component includes a combing and shaping rotating shaft and a shaping housing. The combing and shaping rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the side plate. One end of the combing and shaping rotating shaft close to the mixing transmission wheel penetrates through the side plate and is provided with a combing and shaping transmission wheel. The combing and shaping transmission wheel is connected to the mixing transmission wheel by a belt. There are multiple rotary comb spring tooth drums arranged on the combing and shaping rotating shaft, which are matched with the positions of the same-position discharging through grooves. Each rotary comb spring tooth drum is provided with multiple groups of rotary comb spring teeth arranged in a circumferential array. Each group includes multiple rotary comb spring teeth arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction. An shaping housing is sleeved outside each rotary comb spring tooth drum. The multiple shaping housings are fixedly connected by bolts, and the shaping housing close to the side plate is bolted to the adjacent side plate. A covering pressing spring tooth mounting plate is arranged on one side of the shaping housing close to the diversion rear shell; The covering pressing spring tooth mounting plate is provided with covering pressing spring teeth facing the combing and shaping rotating shaft. The covering pressing spring teeth and the adjacent rotary comb spring teeth are arranged staggeredly. The number and gaps of the covering pressing spring teeth are both matched with the number and gaps of the rotary comb spring teeth.

[0014] Preferably, side guide plates are arranged on both the left and right sides inside the diversion rear shell, a V-shaped guide plate is arranged in the middle inside the diversion rear shell, and a V-shaped guide plate is arranged at the middle position between every two same-position discharging through grooves. The side guide plates, the V-shaped guide plate and the diversion rear shell together form multiple different-position discharging grooves. The number and positions of the different-position discharging grooves correspond to those of the same-position discharging through grooves.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention combines multiple straw returning methods and proposes a new concept of combining same-position rotary mixing and different-position covering. The straw is covered on the ground surface of the strip where the rotary mixing operation is located like a blanket, so as to break through the technical contradiction among the straw returning quality, operation efficiency and energy consumption, and realize the combined compound straw returning of surface covering straw returning and tillage layer mixing and burying straw returning.

[0016] The high-torque double-blade Y-HC type composite tool is used to realize the efficient and uniform picking and crushing of straw. Subsequently, the same-position rotary mixing of the same-position rotary mixing component is used to achieve the three-dimensional interlocking of straw and soil. Finally, the different-position strip shaping and covering technology of the different-position diversion component and the combing and finishing component is used to construct a double-layer profile structure of a straw layer - straw-soil mixed layer, further strengthening the functions of moisture preservation and dust suppression, accelerating the decomposition of straw, and significantly realizing the orderly conveying and strip covering of straw.

[0017] After straw returning, the land presents neat and orderly straw covering strips, forming a covering protection layer, which can inhibit wind erosion and water erosion, reduce soil erosion, improve the problem of straw scattering caused by natural factors, especially in the case of slopes; while preventing soil erosion, it can reduce the temperature change range of the soil, play a heat preservation effect, and effectively solve the problems such as slow increase of soil temperature in the full-amount straw covering returning field in the low-temperature and cool area, low passing performance of the seeder, and poor emergence quality. At the same time, the straw covering on the ground surface inhibits the evaporation of soil moisture, improves the water retention capacity of the soil, and the gradual decomposition of the straw will further increase the soil organic matter content, enhance the soil aeration and fertilizer retention capacity. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic three-dimensional view of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic view of the other side of the present invention; Figure 3 Side view of the internal structure of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic view of the structure of the off-site diversion component; Figure 5 Schematic view of the structure of the off-site diversion component from another perspective; Figure 6 Schematic view of the structure of the side diversion plate and the V-shaped diversion plate; Figure 7 Schematic view of the structure of the diversion rear shell and the side diversion plate; Figure 8 Schematic view of the structure of the picking and crushing component; Figure 9 For Figure 8 Enlarged view at position A in Figure 10 Schematic view of the structure of the picking and crushing cutter head; Figure 11 Schematic view of the structure of the crushing fixed cutter; Figure 12 Schematic view of the structure of the upper bullet tooth and the lower bullet tooth; Figure 13 Schematic view of the structure of the upper bullet tooth, the mounting shaft and the adjusting arm; Figure 14 Schematic view of the mounting structure of the upper bullet tooth and the connecting plate; Figure 15 Side view of the lower bullet tooth; Figure 16 Schematic view of the structure of the rotary mixing cutter shaft; Figure 17 Schematic view of the structure of the pressing roller; Figure 18 For Figure 17 Enlarged view at position B in Figure 19 Schematic view of the structure of the carding and shaping component; Figure 20 Side view of the structure of the carding and shaping component; In the figure: 1. Machine shell component; 101. Side plate; 102. Cross beam; 103. Cover plate; 104. Suspension link; 2. Transmission component; 201. Input shaft; 202. Output shaft; 203. Driving wheel; 204. Gear box; 3. Picking and crushing component; 301. Picking transmission wheel; 302. Picking and crushing rotating shaft; 303. Picking and crushing cutter seat; 304. Picking and crushing cutter head; 305. Crushing fixed cutter; 4. Upper sliding angle spring tooth component; 401. mounting shaft; 402. connecting plate; 403. adjusting arm; 404. upper spring tooth; 5. Lower guide auxiliary spring tooth component; 501. Mounting plate; 502. Lower spring tooth; 6. Out-of-position flow guide components; 601. flow guide cover; 602. side flow guide plate; 603. V-shaped flow guide plate; 604. partition plate; 605. same-position discharge channel; 606. out-of-position discharge channel; 607. flow guide rear shell; 7. Co-location mixing components; 701. Mixing transmission wheel; 702. Mixing blade shaft; 703. Mixing blade seat; 704. Mixing blade; 8. Suppression component; 801. Suppression roller; 802. Connecting frame; 803. First spring seat; 804. Second spring seat; 805. Adjustment spring; 806. Adjustment screw; 807. Connecting ear; 808. Adjustment nut; 9. Combing and shaping components; 901. Combing and shaping transmission wheel; 902. Combing and shaping shaft; 903. Shaping cover; 904. Rotary combing spring tooth drum; 905. Rotary combing spring tooth; 906. Covering and pressing spring tooth mounting plate; 907. Covering and pressing spring tooth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0020] In this embodiment, the towing device is a common agricultural tractor. The end of the tractor is provided with a universal suspension slot and a transmission shaft for transmission, which can tow and output power for most common agricultural accessories.

[0021] In order to facilitate the description of the specific position of the components, the directional words used in this embodiment include front, back, left, and right. Figure 1 As the standard, the direction toward the lower left in the figure is the “front” direction, the direction toward the upper right in the figure is the “rear” direction, and the directions toward the upper left and lower right in the figure are the “left” and “right” directions respectively.

[0022] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 16 , Figure 19 As shown, a corn stalk shredding strip rotating mixing out-of-situ mulching and returning machine mainly comprises a casing component 1, a transmission component 2, a picking and shredding component 3, an out-of-situ flow guiding component 6, an in-situ rotating mixing component 7 and a combing and shaping component 9; The picking and crushing component 3, the out-of-position flow guiding component 6, the in-position mixing component 7 and the combing and shaping component 9 are all arranged inside the casing component 1, and the casing component 1 is provided with a transmission component 2 for providing power for the picking and crushing component 3, the in-position mixing component 7 and the combing and shaping component 9; The picking and crushing component 3 includes a picking and crushing shaft 302 rotatably arranged on the casing component 1, and a plurality of picking and crushing blade heads 304 are arranged on the picking and crushing shaft 302. The casing component 1 includes a cover plate 103 located above the picking and crushing component 3, and a plurality of crushing fixed blades 305 matching the picking and crushing blade heads 304 are arranged at the bottom of the cover plate 103; The rear side of the picking and crushing component 3 is provided with an ectopic flow guide component 6 and an isotopic mixing component 7. The ectopic flow guide component 6 is arranged above the isotopic mixing component 7. The ectopic flow guide component 6 includes a flow guide cover 601 and a flow guide rear shell 607. The top plate of the flow guide cover 601 close to the picking and crushing component 3 is connected to the cover plate 103. A plurality of isotopic discharge slots 605 are provided at the bottom of the flow guide cover 601. Partition plates 604 are provided on both sides of the isotopic discharge slots 605. A flow guide rear shell 607 is provided on the side of the flow guide cover 601 away from the picking and crushing component 3. The specific structure of the flow guide cover 601 is as follows: Figures 4 - 7 As shown; Side guide plates 602 facing the middle rear of the guide rear shell 607 are arranged on the left and right sides of the inner side of the guide rear shell 607, a V-shaped guide plate 603 is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the guide rear shell 607, and a V-shaped guide plate 603 is arranged in the middle position of every two same-position discharge grooves 605. The side guide plates 602 and V-shaped guide plates 603 arranged in the guide rear shell 607 can guide the straw entering the guide rear shell 607, and the side guide plates 602, V-shaped guide plates 603 and the rear shell parts at the corresponding positions of the guide rear shell 607 together form a plurality of ectopic discharge grooves 606, and the number and positions of the ectopic discharge grooves 606 correspond to the same-position discharge grooves 605.

[0023] like Figures 1 - 11 as well as Figures 16 - 20 As shown, the in-situ mixing component 7 includes a mixing blade shaft 702 rotatably arranged on the casing component 1, and the mixing blade shaft 702 is provided with multiple groups of mixing blades 704 matching the in-situ discharge grooves 605; a combing and shaping component 9 is arranged on the side of the in-situ mixing component 7 away from the picking and crushing component 3.

[0024] The housing component 1 further includes side plates 101 and cross beams 102. The housing component 1 is a square frame structure as a whole (formed by two side plates 101 and multiple cross beams 102). The pick-up and crushing component 3, the off-position diversion component 6, the in-position swirl mixing component 7, and the combing and shaping component 9 are all arranged inside the square frame structure. On the cross beam 102 of the housing component 1, multiple suspension connecting rods 104 are also arranged. When the rotary tiller is mounted on the tractor, the suspension connecting rods 104 are used to cooperate with the suspension slots of the tractor itself for suspension mounting, which can make the mounting of the rotary tiller more stable and the mounting method simpler; The transmission component 2 includes an input shaft 201, an output shaft 202, a gearbox 204, and a driving wheel 203. One end of the input shaft 201 is in transmission connection with the towing device for mounting the rotary tiller, and the other end of the input shaft 201 is connected to the gearbox 204. The output end of the gearbox 204 is provided with an output shaft 202, and a driving wheel 203 is arranged on the output shaft 202. The pick-up and crushing component 3, the in-position swirl mixing component 7, and the combing and shaping component 9 are all provided with transmission wheels.

[0025] The input shaft 201 of the transmission component 2 is connected to the transmission shaft of the tractor. The input shaft 201 is driven to rotate by the transmission shaft of the tractor. The input shaft 201 is connected to the gearbox 204 that can perform speed change and steering. One output shaft 202 extends from each side of the gearbox 204 towards the directions of the left and right side plates 101 respectively. Driving wheels 203 are arranged at the ends of the two output shafts 202. The pick-up and crushing component 3, the in-position swirl mixing component 7, and the combing and shaping component 9 are driven respectively by the two different driving wheels 203.

[0026] The pick-up and crushing rotating shaft 302 has the same axis as the cross beam 102 of the housing component 1. The pick-up and crushing rotating shaft 302 is rotatably connected to the two side plates 101. One end of the pick-up and crushing rotating shaft 302 penetrates through the side plate 101, and a pick-up transmission wheel 301 is arranged at the end of the pick-up and crushing rotating shaft 302 that penetrates through the side plate 101. The pick-up transmission wheel 301 is connected to the adjacent driving wheel 203 by a belt; A plurality of groups of mutually staggered pick-up and crushing tool seats 303 are arranged on the pick-up and crushing rotating shaft 302 at equal circumferential intervals. The multiple pick-up and crushing tool seats 303 in each group are arranged at equal axial intervals along the pick-up and crushing rotating shaft 302. A pick-up and crushing tool head 304 is arranged on each pick-up and crushing tool seat 303.

[0027] The pick-up and crushing tool head 304 is a combined tool head in which three hammer claw blades are combined in a Y-shaped blade structure, and the two outermost hammer claw blades are provided with blades facing outward. For the convenience of subsequent description, it is abbreviated as a double-leaf Y-HC type composite tool. The crushing fixed knife 305 is provided with two blades. The positions of the two blades of the crushing fixed knife 305 respectively match the gaps between the adjacent hammer claw blades among the three hammer claw blades. The specific structure of the pick-up and crushing tool head 304 is asFigure 10 As shown, the blade structure of the crushing fixed blade 305 is as follows Figure 11 shown.

[0028] The picking transmission wheel 301 on the picking and crushing shaft 302 is driven to rotate by the driving wheel 203 of the transmission component 2, thereby causing the picking and crushing shaft 302 to rotate, and at the same time driving the picking and crushing cutter head 304 to rotate. During the rotation process, the picking and crushing cutter head 304 rolls up the straw on the ground, and the picking and crushing cutter head 304 drives the straw to rotate together. When the straw is rolled to the position of the crushing fixed knife 305, under the joint action of the picking and crushing cutter head 304 and the crushing fixed knife 305, the straw is cut and crushed by the two cutters. The crushing fixed knife 305 passes through the gap between the hammer claw blades of the picking and crushing cutter head 304, and has good sliding cutting performance. In addition, two blades are also arranged on the side of the double-leaf Y-HC type composite cutter, which can generate a certain wind force during the rotation process and blow the chopped straw into the ectopic guide component 6.

[0029] like Figures 4 - 15 As shown, an upper side sliding angle spring tooth component 4 and a lower side guide auxiliary spring tooth component 5 are provided between the picking and crushing component 3 and the out-of-position guide component 6; The upper side sliding angle spring tooth component 4 includes a connecting plate 402 and a mounting shaft 401. The mounting shaft 401 is arranged at a position near the bottom of the air guide cover 601 on one side of the picking and crushing component 3. The orientation of the mounting shaft 401 is the same as that of the crossbeam 102. The two ends of the mounting shaft 401 are rotatably connected to the two side plates 101 respectively. Both ends of the mounting shaft 401 pass through the adjacent side plates 101 and are provided with adjustment arms 403. A plurality of connecting plates 402 are fixedly provided on the mounting shaft 401. A plurality of upper spring teeth 404 are sleeved at positions on the mounting shaft 401 corresponding to the air guide cover 601 where the same-position discharge slot 605 is not provided. The ends of the upper spring teeth 404 face The upper spring tooth 404 is fixedly connected to the adjacent connecting plate 402, and a fixing bolt is arranged at one end of the adjusting arm 403 away from the mounting shaft 401. The adjusting arm 403 can rotate within a certain range along the circumference of the mounting shaft 401. A positioning slot is arranged at a position corresponding to the end of the side plate 101 and the end of the adjusting arm 403 away from the mounting shaft 401. The mounting shaft 401 can be controlled to rotate by the adjusting arm 403. The mounting shaft 401 is rotated by rotating the adjusting arm 403. After the mounting shaft 401 is rotated to a desired angle, the fixing bolt is inserted into the corresponding position to complete the locking of the mounting shaft 401. The lower flow guide auxiliary spring tooth component 5 includes a mounting plate 501, the orientation of the mounting plate 501 is the same as that of the cross beam 102, the two ends of the mounting plate 501 are respectively fixedly connected to the two side plates 101, the mounting plate 501 is arranged on the side of the mounting shaft 401 close to the picking and crushing component 3, and a plurality of lower spring teeth 502 are equidistantly arranged on the mounting plate 501, and the ends of the lower spring teeth 502 are arranged toward the bottom of the picking and crushing shaft 302.

[0030] The end of the lower spring tooth 502 is located in the lower half of the picking and crushing component 3, and extends into the gap between the hammer claw blades of the picking and crushing cutter head 304 at a fixed wrap angle. As the entire equipment moves forward, the straw scattered on the ground can be collected, and the straw is shoveled to a position where the picking and crushing cutter head 304 can contact it for crushing. When straw is wrapped around the picking and crushing cutter head 304, the wrapped straw will also be cleaned by cooperating with the lower spring tooth 502. It should be noted that the straw picked up and crushed by this equipment is relatively hard and brittle straw after being air-dried. The winding method is in the form of adhering to the blade, and the winding force is not large. The straw can be cleaned by moving and squeezing the lower spring tooth 502, and it is not that the tougher straw is wrapped around the blade.

[0031] The upper spring tooth 404 is arranged on the upper half behind the picking and crushing component 3, and the mounting shaft 401 is fixedly provided with the upper spring tooth 404 through the connecting plate 402, and the two ends of the mounting shaft 401 are provided with adjusting arms 403, so that the mounting shaft 401 can be controlled to rotate by the adjusting arms 403. When the mounting shaft 401 rotates, the upper spring tooth 404 arranged on the mounting shaft 401 will also rotate accordingly, so that the distance between the upper spring tooth 404 and the picking and crushing cutter head 304 can be adjusted. When the amount of straw is large, the upper spring teeth 404 can be adjusted to be away from the picking and crushing cutter head 304, so that the straw crushing space between the upper spring teeth 404 and the picking and crushing cutter head 304 becomes relatively larger, and the collision of the straw with the picking and crushing cutter head 304 and the crushing fixed knife 305 within a unit volume is relatively reduced; when the amount of straw is small, the upper spring teeth 404 can be adjusted to be close to the picking and crushing cutter head 304, and the straw cutting space between the upper spring teeth 404 and the picking and crushing cutter head 304 becomes relatively smaller, and the upper spring teeth 404 further squeeze the straw close to the picking and crushing cutter head 304, and the collision of the straw with the picking and crushing cutter head 304 and the crushing fixed knife 305 within a unit volume is relatively increased.

[0032] In actual work, the picking and crushing component 3 can also screen out straws with different degrees of crushing through the upper spring teeth 404. After the straws are picked and crushed, they will all enter the off-position diversion component 6. There are no upper spring teeth 404 at the position where the mounting shaft 401 corresponds to the in-position discharge through groove 605. The straws passing through here do not need to be screened and can directly enter the in-position swirling and mixing component 7 through the in-position discharge through groove 605 for swirling and mixing of the straws and soil. At the corresponding position where the in-position discharge through groove 605 is not opened, there are upper spring teeth 404. Only when the crushing degree of the straws meets the standard will they not be blocked by the upper spring teeth 404 and directly enter the off-position diversion component 6. The straws that do not pass through the screening of the upper spring teeth 404 will fall repeatedly on the lower spring teeth 502 and continue to be driven by the picking and crushing cutter head 304 for multiple crushing operations.

[0033] Inside the diversion rear shell 607, through the settings of the V-shaped diversion plate 603 and the side diversion plate 602, the straws screened by the upper spring teeth 404 are diverted at the diversion rear shell 607, allowing the straws that have not been swirled and mixed to fall from the off-position discharge slot 606 at the diversion rear shell 607. Moreover, the position of the off-position discharge slot 606 corresponds to the position of the in-position discharge through groove 605. The straws discharged downward from the off-position discharge slot 606 will cover the in-position swirling and mixed straw and soil mixture layer above, thereby achieving the effect of in-position swirling and mixing and off-position covering.

[0034] As Figures 1 - 16 shown, the swirling and mixing cutter shaft 702 and the cross beam 102 of the housing component 1 are of the same axial direction. The swirling and mixing cutter shaft 702 is rotationally connected to the side plate 101. One end of the swirling and mixing cutter shaft 702 far from the picking drive wheel 301 penetrates through the side plate 101 and is provided with a swirling and mixing drive wheel 701. The swirling and mixing drive wheel 701 is connected to the adjacent driving wheel 203 through a belt. At the position on the swirling and mixing cutter shaft 702 corresponding to each in-position discharge through groove 605, a set of swirling and mixing cutter seats 703 is provided. Each set includes multiple pairs of paired swirling and mixing cutter seats 703 (the paired swirling and mixing cutter seats 703 are symmetrically arranged with the swirling and mixing cutter shaft 702 as the axis of symmetry). The multiple pairs of swirling and mixing cutter seats 703 in each set are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the swirling and mixing cutter shaft 702, and the equally spaced swirling and mixing cutter seats 703 are offset at a certain angle. A swirling and mixing cutter 704 is provided on each swirling and mixing cutter seat 703, and the ends of the paired swirling and mixing cutters 704 are arc-shaped structures facing opposite directions.

[0035] As Figures 1 - 18 shown, a pressing component 8 is provided on one side of the diversion rear shell 607 close to the in-position swirling and mixing component 7. The pressing component 8 includes a connecting frame 802 and a pressing roller 801. The connecting frame 802 is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the partition plate 604. A first spring seat 803 facing the diversion rear housing 607 is arranged on the connecting frame 802. A connecting ear 807 is arranged at the bottom of the partition plate 604, and the connecting ear 807 is located at the rear side of the connecting frame 802. An adjusting spring 805 is fixedly arranged on the first spring seat 803. One end of the adjusting spring 805 away from the first spring seat 803 is fixedly provided with a second spring seat 804. An adjusting screw 806 is fixedly arranged on one side of the second spring seat 804 away from the adjusting spring 805. One end of the adjusting screw 806 away from the second spring seat 804 passes through the connecting ear 807 and is threadedly connected with an adjusting nut 808. The pressing roller 801 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the connecting frame 802.

[0036] In this embodiment and the accompanying drawings of the specification, there are three co-location discharge through grooves 605 opened in the off-site diversion component 6, and the rotary mixing knife seats 703 are correspondingly arranged in three groups. When the rotary mixing knives 704 rotate, they can enter the diversion cover 601, making the structure more compact without hindering the operation of the rotary mixing knives 704.

[0037] The co-location rotary mixing component 7 drives the rotary mixing knife shaft 702 to rotate through the driving wheel 203 of the transmission component 2. When the rotary mixing knife shaft 702 rotates, the rotary mixing knives 704 rotate together with the rotary mixing knife shaft 702. Through the design of the arc-shaped structure of the rotary mixing knives 704, the soil in contact with them can be continuously turned over when the rotary mixing knives 704 rotate. As the equipment moves, the soil will form strip-shaped bands after turning according to the positions set by each group of rotary mixing knife seats 703, and the straw that enters the co-location rotary mixing component 7 from the co-location discharge through grooves 605 at the bottom of the diversion cover 601 will be mixed and buried in the soil to form a straw-soil mixed layer, preparing for the subsequent straw covering. Moreover, the rotary mixing knives 704 can further cut the straw that is not completely crushed and bury it in the turned soil, burying the straw with different degrees of crushing at different depths.

[0038] The off-site discharge groove 606 at the bottom of the diversion rear housing 607 corresponds to the position of the co-location discharge through groove 605. Through the V-shaped diversion plate 603 and the side diversion plate 602 inside the diversion rear housing 607, the straw is guided, and as the equipment moves, the screened straw is covered above the soil strip (i.e., the straw-soil mixed layer) that has been rotary mixed to form a double-layer cross-sectional structure of a straw layer - straw-soil mixed layer.

[0039] The function of the pressing roller 801 is to press and level the soil strips after the soil is turned over by the isotopic rotating mixing component 7 but before the soil is crushed and covered with straw. The number and position of the pressing rollers 801 also correspond to the number and position of the isotopic discharge slots 605. The soil can be initially flattened by the pressing rollers 801 with a V-shaped surface. After the soil is pressed and leveled by the pressing rollers 801 with a V-shaped surface, a V-shaped strip structure with a certain water storage function is formed on the surface of the soil, which can accelerate the decomposition speed of the straw layer covering the strip. The distance between the connecting rod 802 and the connecting ear 807 can also be adjusted by adjusting the screw 806 and the adjusting nut 808, so as to adjust the height of the pressing roller 801, and then adjust the pressure of the pressing roller 801 on the ground, so as to apply different pressures to different soil structures.

[0040] like Figures 1 - 7 , Figure 19 and Figure 20 As shown, the combing and shaping component 9 includes a combing and shaping shaft 902 and a shaping housing 903; The combing and shaping shaft 902 and the crossbeam 102 of the housing component 1 are in the same axial direction, the combing and shaping shaft 902 is rotatably connected to the side plate 101, one end of the combing and shaping shaft 902 close to the rotary mixing transmission wheel 701 passes through the side plate 101 and is provided with a combing and shaping transmission wheel 901, and the combing and shaping transmission wheel 901 is connected to the rotary mixing transmission wheel 701 through a belt, so that the driving wheel 203 drives the combing and shaping transmission wheel 901 and the rotary mixing transmission wheel 701 to rotate at the same time through the belt; A plurality of comb spring-tooth rollers 904 matching the positions of the co-located discharge slots 605 are arranged on the combing and shaping shaft 902, and a plurality of groups of comb spring teeth 905 arranged in a circumferential array are arranged on each comb spring-tooth roller 904, and each group includes a plurality of comb spring teeth 905 arranged equidistantly along the axial direction, and a shaping cover 903 is sleeved on the outside of each comb spring-tooth roller 904, and the plurality of shaping cover shells 903 are fixed by bolt connection, and the shaping cover shell 903 close to the side plate 101 is connected to the adjacent side plate 101 by bolts, and a pressure spring tooth mounting plate 906 is arranged on one side of the shaping cover shell 903 close to the guide rear shell 607; The covering pressure spring teeth 907 facing the combing and shaping shaft 902 are provided on the covering pressure spring teeth mounting plate 906. The covering pressure spring teeth 907 and the adjacent rotary comb spring teeth 905 are staggered and arranged. The number and gaps of the covering pressure spring teeth 907 match the number and gaps of the rotary comb spring teeth 905.

[0041] The positions of the covering and pressing spring teeth 907 and the combing spring teeth 905 also correspond to the co-located discharge slots 605, that is, they correspond to the soil strips after mixing, pressing and covering. The strips after mixing, leveling and covering are finally covered and combed by the covering and pressing spring teeth 907 and the combing spring teeth 905 to achieve the purpose of shaping.

[0042] The shredded straw enters the rear deflector housing 607 through the deflector 601, and after being deflected by the V-shaped deflector plate 603 and the side deflector plate 602, it covers the soil that has been mixed, compacted and leveled by the isospin mixing component 7 from the bottom of the rear deflector housing 607. As the whole straw returning equipment moves forward, the surface of the soil covered with straw is continuously flattened by the covering press teeth 907, and then undergoes final combing and shaping under the combing of the rotary comb teeth 905 on the combing and shaping component 9, so that the land and the covered straw after the straw returning are finally beautiful and tidy.

[0043] The present invention realizes efficient and uniform crushing through the high-torque double-blade Y-HC type composite cutter, achieves the three-dimensional intercalation of straw and soil with the help of the isospin mixing component 7, and constructs a double-layer profile structure of a straw layer and a straw-soil mixed layer in cooperation with the off-site strip shaping and covering technology, further strengthening the functions of soil moisture conservation and dust suppression, accelerating the decomposition of straw, realizing the orderly transportation and strip-shaped covering of straw, and presenting neat and orderly straw covering strips, forming a covering protection layer, which can inhibit wind erosion and water erosion, reduce soil erosion, and improve the problem of straw scattering caused by natural factors, especially in the case of slopes; while preventing soil erosion, it can reduce the amplitude of soil temperature change, play a heat preservation effect, and effectively solve the problems such as slow increase of soil temperature in the full-amount straw-covered fields in the low-temperature and cool areas, low passing performance of the seeder, and poor seedling emergence quality. At the same time, the straw covers the ground surface, inhibits the evaporation of soil moisture, improves the water retention capacity of the soil, and the gradual decomposition of the straw will increase the soil organic matter content for the second time, enhancing the soil aeration and fertilizer retention capacity.

Claims

1. A corn straw crushing strip rotary mixing off-site covering returning machine, characterized in that It includes a casing component, a transmission component, a pickup and crushing component, an off-position diversion component, an in-position swirl mixing component, and a carding and shaping component; The pickup and crushing component, the off-position diversion component, the in-position swirl mixing component, and the carding and shaping component are all arranged inside the casing component, and a transmission component for providing power to the pickup and crushing component, the in-position swirl mixing component, and the carding and shaping component is arranged on the casing component; The pickup and crushing component includes a pickup and crushing rotating shaft rotatably arranged on the casing component, and a plurality of pickup and crushing cutter heads are arranged on the pickup and crushing rotating shaft. The casing component includes a cover plate located above the pickup and crushing component, and a plurality of crushing fixed cutters matching the pickup and crushing cutter heads are arranged at the bottom of the cover plate; An off-position diversion component and an in-position swirl mixing component are arranged on one side of the pickup and crushing component. The off-position diversion component is arranged above the in-position swirl mixing component. The off-position diversion component includes a diversion cover and a diversion rear shell. A plurality of in-position discharge through grooves communicating with the in-position swirl mixing component are opened at the bottom of the diversion cover. Partition plates are arranged on both sides of the in-position discharge through grooves. A diversion rear shell is arranged on the side of the diversion cover away from the pickup and crushing component. The diversion rear shell and the side diversion plate and V-shaped diversion plate arranged inside it together form a plurality of off-position discharge grooves corresponding to the in-position discharge through grooves; The in-position swirl mixing component includes a swirl mixing cutter shaft rotatably arranged on the casing component, and multiple groups of swirl mixing cutters matching the in-position discharge through grooves are arranged on the swirl mixing cutter shaft; A carding and shaping component is arranged on the side of the in-position swirl mixing component away from the pickup and crushing component.

2. The corn straw crushing strip rotary mixing off-site covering and returning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The casing component further includes side plates and cross beams. The casing component is an overall square frame structure, and the pickup and crushing component, the off-position diversion component, the in-position swirl mixing component, and the carding and shaping component are all arranged inside the square frame structure; The transmission component includes an input shaft, an output shaft, a gearbox, and a driving wheel. One end of the input shaft is in transmission connection with the dragging device for installing the rotary tiller, the other end of the input shaft is connected to the gearbox, the output end of the gearbox is provided with an output shaft, and a driving wheel is arranged on the output shaft to provide power for the pickup and crushing component, the in-position swirl mixing component, and the carding and shaping component.

3. The maize straw crushing strip rotary mixing off-site covering returning machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pickup and crushing rotating shaft of the pickup and crushing component is rotatably connected to the side plate. One end of the pickup and crushing rotating shaft penetrates through the side plate, and a pickup transmission wheel is arranged at the end of the pickup and crushing rotating shaft penetrating through the side plate. The pickup transmission wheel is connected to the driving wheel through a belt; A plurality of groups of mutually staggered pickup and crushing cutter seats are arranged at equal circumferential intervals on the pickup and crushing rotating shaft. A plurality of pickup and crushing cutter seats in each group are arranged at equal axial intervals along the pickup and crushing rotating shaft, and a pickup and crushing cutter head is arranged on each pickup and crushing cutter seat.

4. A corn straw crushing strip rotary mixing and off-site covering returning machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pickup and crushing cutter head is a combined cutter head in which three hammer claw blades are combined in a Y-shaped blade structure, and the two outermost hammer claw blades are provided with blades facing outward. The crushing fixed cutter is provided with two blades, and the two blades of the crushing fixed cutter are matched with the positions of the three hammer claw blades of the pickup and crushing cutter head.

5. The corn straw crushing strip rotary mixing and off-site covering returning machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, An upper side sliding angle spring tooth component and a lower side diversion auxiliary spring tooth component are arranged between the pickup and crushing component and the off-position diversion component; The upper sliding angle spring tooth component described above includes a connecting plate and a mounting shaft. The mounting shaft is rotatably connected to the side plate. Both ends of the mounting shaft penetrate through the adjacent side plates and are provided with adjusting arms. A plurality of connecting plates are fixedly arranged on the mounting shaft. Multiple upper spring teeth are sleeved on the mounting shaft at positions corresponding to the positions where the same-position discharge through slots are not provided on the flow guide cover. The end of the upper spring tooth away from the mounting shaft faces above the picking and crushing rotating shaft. The upper spring tooth is fixedly connected to the adjacent connecting plate. A fixing bolt is provided at the end of the adjusting arm away from the mounting shaft. The adjusting arm can rotate circumferentially along the mounting shaft. A positioning chute is provided at the position of the side plate corresponding to the end of the adjusting arm away from the mounting shaft. The lower flow guiding auxiliary spring tooth component described above includes a mounting plate. Both ends of the mounting plate are fixedly connected to the adjacent side plates. A plurality of lower spring teeth are equidistantly arranged on the mounting plate. The end of the lower spring tooth away from the mounting plate faces below the picking and crushing rotating shaft.

6. A corn straw crushing strip rotary mixing and off-site covering returning machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mixing knife shaft of the same-position mixing component is rotatably connected to the side plate. The end of the mixing knife shaft away from the picking driving wheel penetrates through the side plate and is provided with a mixing driving wheel. The mixing driving wheel is connected to the driving wheel by a belt. A set of mixing knife seats is arranged at the position of the mixing knife shaft corresponding to each same-position discharge through slot. Each set includes multiple pairs of paired mixing knife seats. The multiple pairs of mixing knife seats in each set are equidistantly arranged along the axial direction of the mixing knife shaft, and the equidistantly arranged mixing knife seats are offset at a certain angle. A mixing knife is arranged on each mixing knife seat. The ends of the paired mixing knives are arc-shaped structures facing in opposite directions.

7. A corn straw crushing strip rotary mixing and off-site covering returning machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, It further includes a pressing component. The pressing component includes a connecting frame and a pressing roller. The connecting frame is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the partition plate. A first spring seat facing the flow guide rear shell is arranged on the connecting frame. A connecting ear is arranged at the bottom of the partition plate. An adjusting spring is fixedly arranged on the first spring seat. The end of the adjusting spring away from the first spring seat is fixedly provided with a second spring seat. An adjusting screw is fixedly arranged on the side of the second spring seat away from the adjusting spring. The end of the adjusting screw away from the second spring seat passes through the connecting ear and is threadedly connected with an adjusting nut. The pressing roller is rotatably connected to the bottom of the connecting frame.

8. A corn straw crushing strip rotary mixing off-site covering and returning machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The combing and shaping component includes a combing and shaping rotating shaft and a shaping housing. The combing and shaping rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the side plate. The end of the combing and shaping rotating shaft close to the mixing driving wheel penetrates through the side plate and is provided with a combing and shaping driving wheel. The combing and shaping driving wheel is connected to the mixing driving wheel by a belt. A plurality of rotary comb spring tooth drums matching the positions of the same-position discharge through slots are arranged on the combing and shaping rotating shaft. Multiple groups of rotary comb spring teeth arranged in a circumferential array are arranged on each rotary comb spring tooth drum. Each group includes multiple rotary comb spring teeth arranged equidistantly along the axial direction. An outer shaping housing is sleeved on each rotary comb spring tooth drum. The multiple shaping housings are fixedly connected by bolts. The shaping housing close to the side plate is bolted to the adjacent side plate. A covering pressure spring tooth mounting plate is arranged on the side of the shaping housing close to the flow guide rear shell. Covering pressure spring teeth facing the combing and shaping rotating shaft are arranged on the covering pressure spring tooth mounting plate. The covering pressure spring teeth and the adjacent rotary comb spring teeth are arranged staggeredly. The number and gaps of the covering pressure spring teeth are both matched with the number and gaps of the rotary comb spring teeth.

9. A corn straw crushing strip rotary mixing and off-site covering returning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Side guide plates are arranged on the left and right sides of the inner side of the guide rear shell, a V-shaped guide plate is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the guide rear shell, and a V-shaped guide plate is arranged in the middle position of every two same-position discharge grooves. The side guide plates, the V-shaped guide plates and the guide rear shell together form a plurality of ectopic discharge grooves, and the number and positions of the ectopic discharge grooves correspond to the same-position discharge grooves.

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