Self-propelled corn harvester

Abstract

The invention provides a self-propelled corn harvester. The self-propelled corn harvester comprises a plate-type ear picking header, a lifting system, a peeling machine, a granary, a returning mechanism, a rack, a driving axle, a steering axle, a hydraulic driving system, a transmission system, a driving control system, a power system, an electric appliance system and a protection system. The plate-type ear picking header adopts an ear picking plate-type structure, and the hoisting system is provided with a fan; a front transmission shaft, a connecting device, a rear transmission shaft and a gear box are arranged below the rack; the drive axle is connected with the steering axle through the components to transmit power; the corn planter is suitable for corn planting areas with different line spacing, terrains and lodging degrees, the operation efficiency is improved through modular design, the manual intervention requirement is reduced, and the corn planter has wide agricultural application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a self-propelled corn harvester. Background Art

[0002] At present, the mechanized harvesting of corn in China faces the following technical bottlenecks: Poor row adaptability: The row spacing of corn planting is diverse, and the fixed channel design of traditional harvesters makes it difficult to accurately align with the rows, resulting in a high miss rate and large loss rate.

[0003] Inconvenient operation: The view of the cab is easily blocked by stalk debris or soil, and there is a lack of a quick cleaning device, which affects the operation safety.

[0004] Low grain storage efficiency: The grain bin capacity of existing shellers is small, and it is necessary to frequently stop the machine for cleaning, reducing the operation continuity.

[0005] Low utilization rate of the grain bin: Limited by the body size, it is difficult to expand the volume of the grain bin. The ear stacking is uneven and it is necessary to frequently unload the grain, resulting in low efficiency.

[0006] Single power transmission: The linkage between the traditional drive axle and the steering axle is insufficient, and the adaptability to complex terrains is poor.

[0007] In view of the above problems, the prior art has not provided a comprehensive solution. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a self-propelled corn harvester with optimized structure and strong adaptability to improve the harvesting efficiency and reduce the frequency of manual intervention. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical measures: A self-propelled corn harvester includes a plate-type ear picking header, a lifting system, a sheller, a grain bin, a returning mechanism, a frame, a drive axle, a steering axle, a hydraulic drive system, a transmission system, a driving and operating system, a power system, an electrical system, and a protection system; the plate-type ear picking header adopts an ear picking plate structure, and the lifting system is equipped with a fan; a front drive shaft, a connecting device, a rear drive shaft, and a gearbox are arranged below the frame, and the drive axle is connected to the steering axle through the front drive shaft, the connecting device, the rear drive shaft, and the gearbox to transmit power; The plate-type ear picking header is provided with a plant channel, which includes a front shield of the header, a rear shield of the header, and a reel and a reel chain covered by the header shield. The reel protrudes towards the plant channel direction and drives the reel chain; the ear picking mechanism adopts ear picking plates and draw-in rollers, and the front shield of the header is detachable, and users can choose whether to install it according to different operating conditions.

[0009] As a preferred solution: The elevating system includes an elevating main body, an upper blower, a lower blower, a stalk processing mechanism, a rear blower, and a transition shaft; the lower blower is driven to the upper blower through a belt or chain, the lower blower is driven to the transition shaft through a belt or chain, the transition shaft is driven to the elevating main body through a belt or chain, the elevating main body is driven to the stalk processing mechanism through a belt or chain, and the stalk processing mechanism is driven to the rear blower through a belt or chain.

[0010] As a preferred solution: The peeling machine includes a peeling mechanism, a grain bottom bin, a grain conveying mechanism, and a grain outer bin. The grain bottom bin and the grain outer bin are connected through the grain conveying mechanism; the grain outer bin is arranged on one side of the peeling mechanism. The volume of the grain outer bin of the peeling machine is larger than that of the grain bottom bin, and automatic transfer of grains is realized through the grain conveying mechanism.

[0011] As a preferred solution: The grain bin includes a grain bin main body, a conveying mechanism, a fixed frame, a movable frame, a safety mechanism, an extension slide plate, and an oil cylinder; the grain bin main body is arranged on the movable frame, and the movable frame moves in the slideway arranged on the fixed frame under the action of the oil cylinder; the safety mechanism limits the position to prevent falling back after the oil cylinder extends; the extension slide plate is above the grain bin main body.

[0012] As a preferred solution: The driving and operating system includes a driving platform, a driver's seat, a steering gear, an operating block, a co-driver's seat, and a windshield washing mechanism; the operating module of the windshield washing mechanism is arranged in the middle of the steering gear or can also be located on the operating block for removing stains on the front windshield.

[0013] As a preferred solution: The front guard of the plate-type ear picking header is a slender detachable structure for guiding lodging plants into the plant passage.

[0014] As a preferred solution: The elevating system is connected to the lower blower, the transition shaft, the elevating main body, the stalk processing mechanism, and the rear blower through belt or chain drive to form a continuous power transmission path.

[0015] As a preferred solution: Four-wheel drive power transmission is realized between the drive axle and the steering axle through a front drive shaft, a connecting device, a rear drive shaft, and a gearbox.

[0016] As a preferred solution: The tillage return mechanism is arranged below the frame, between the drive axle and the steering axle, and is used for crushing residual stalks and directly returning them to the field.

[0017] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: Optimization of the plate-type ear picking header: The detachable slender front guard of the header can guide lodging plants into the plant passage. Combining the cooperative feeding of the reel and the reel chain can improve the adaptability to irregular row spacing and lodging plants and reduce the missed harvest rate.

[0018] Efficient drive of the elevator system: The lower blower, transition shaft, elevator main body, stalk processing mechanism, and rear blower are sequentially connected by a belt / chain to form a continuous power transmission path, reducing energy loss and improving stalk separation efficiency.

[0019] External grain bin design: The sheller is equipped with a larger external grain bin. The grains are automatically transferred to the bottom bin through a conveying mechanism, reducing the number of shutdowns for cleaning and extending the continuous operation time.

[0020] Grain bin expansion and optimization: The movable frame moves within the fixed frame slideway through an oil cylinder, and the cob is evenly distributed in combination with the conveying mechanism, improving the utilization rate of the grain bin volume and reducing the unloading frequency.

[0021] Improvement of human-machine interaction: The driving control system integrates a glass water spraying mechanism, which can quickly clean the front windshield, improve the driver's vision, and reduce operation fatigue.

[0022] Four-wheel drive power adapts to complex terrains: The drive axle and the steering axle are linked through components such as the front drive shaft and the gearbox to achieve four-wheel drive power transmission, enhancing the operation stability on muddy or sloping lands.

[0023] Integration of the straw returning mechanism: The straw returning mechanism is arranged under the frame, directly crushing the residual stalks and returning them to the field, reducing subsequent tillage steps and enhancing the ecological benefits.

[0024] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Att Figure 1 is a side view of the overall structure of a self-propelled corn harvester according to the present invention.

[0026] Att Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the plate-type ear picking cutter table according to the present invention.

[0027] Att Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the elevator system according to the present invention.

[0028] Att Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the sheller according to the present invention.

[0029] Att Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the grain bin according to the present invention.

[0030] Att Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship among the frame, the front drive shaft, the connecting device, the rear drive shaft, and the gearbox according to the present invention.

[0031] Attached Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the driving control system of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0032] Embodiment: As shown in the attached Figure 1 to the attached Figure 7 shown, a self-propelled corn harvester includes a plate-type ear picking header 1, a lifting system 2, a peeling machine 3, a grain bin 4, a stubble returning mechanism 5, a frame 6, a driving axle 7, a steering axle 8, a hydraulic driving system 9, a transmission system 10, a driving control system 11, a power system 12, an electrical system 13 and a protection system 14; the plate-type ear picking header adopts a structure of ear picking plates, and the lifting system is equipped with a blower; a front transmission shaft 15, a connecting device 16, a rear transmission shaft 17 and a gearbox 18 are arranged below the frame 6, and the driving axle 7 is connected to the steering axle 8 through the front transmission shaft 15, the connecting device 16, the rear transmission shaft 17 and the gearbox 18 to transmit power.

[0033] The plate-type ear picking header 1 is provided with 4 plant channels 1.1, including a front cutter head shield 1.2, a rear cutter head shield 1.3, a reel 1.4 and a reel chain 1.5 covered by the cutter head shield. The reel 1.4 protrudes towards the plant channel 1.1 and drives the reel chain 1.5; the ear picking mechanism adopts ear picking plates 1.6 and pulling stem rollers 1.7. The front cutter head shield 1.2 of the plate-type ear picking header 1 is detachable, and the user can choose whether to install it according to different operating conditions. The front cutter head shield 1.2 of the plate-type ear picking header 1 is a slender detachable structure, which is used to guide the lodged plants into the plant channel 1.1. Due to the diversified planting, most of the non-row plants cannot be aligned with the plant channel 1.1 and enter the cutter head channel smoothly. This structure adopts non-row technology and can harvest well. When a large number of plants are lodged, a long and narrow front cutter head shield 1.2 is configured at the front end of the cutter head to guide the plants into the most suitable adjacent channel, and the reel 1.4 drives the reel chain 1.5 to feed the plants into the plant channel 1.1, and good harvesting can also be carried out.

[0034] The lifting system 2 includes a lifting main body 2.1, an upper blower 2.2, a lower blower 2.3, a stalk processing mechanism 2.4, a rear blower 2.5 and a transition shaft 2.6; the lower blower 2.3 is connected to the transition shaft 2.6 through belt or chain drive, the transition shaft 2.6 drives the upper blower 2.2, the transition shaft 2.6 is transmitted to the lifting main body 2.1 through belt or chain drive, the lifting main body 2.1 is transmitted to the stalk processing mechanism 2.4 through belt or chain drive, and the stalk processing mechanism 2.4 is transmitted to the rear blower 2.5 through belt or chain drive.

[0035] The peeling machine 3 includes a peeling mechanism 3.1, a grain bottom bin 3.2, a grain conveying mechanism 3.4 and a grain outer bin 3.3. The grain bottom bin 3.2 and the grain outer bin 3.3 are connected through the grain conveying mechanism 3.4; the grain outer bin 3.3 is arranged on one side of the peeling mechanism 3.1. The volume of the grain outer bin 3.3 of the peeling machine 3 is larger than that of the grain bottom bin 3.2, and the grains are automatically transported through the grain conveying mechanism 3.4. The existing grain bin on the market is arranged at the bottom of the peeling machine 3 and has a very small volume. The corn machine needs to stop frequently to clean the grains, resulting in low harvesting efficiency. In order to improve the harvesting efficiency, a larger grain outer bin is arranged outside the peeling machine 3 to reduce the number of times the grain bin is cleaned.

[0036] The granary 4 includes a granary body 4.1, a conveying mechanism 4.2, a fixed frame 4.3, a movable frame 4.4, a safety mechanism 4.5, an extension slide 4.6, and an oil cylinder 4.7. The granary body 4.1 is arranged on the movable frame 4.4, and the movable frame 4.4 is moved in the slideway arranged on the fixed frame 4.3 by the action of the oil cylinder 4.7; the safety mechanism 4.5 is limited to prevent the oil cylinder 4.7 from falling back after the oil cylinder 4.7 is extended; the extension slide 4.6 is above the granary body 4.1. Affected by the planting mode, the corn harvester has a relatively compact body to adapt to the mode, and the expansion of the granary volume is limited. The natural throwing and accumulation of the ears of corn result in a low utilization rate of the granary, which inevitably increases the number of grain unloading, reduces the single harvesting time, and reduces the efficiency. Adding a conveying mechanism 4.2 to the granary interferes with the ear accumulation process, increases the volume utilization rate of the granary, effectively prolongs the single harvesting time, and improves the harvesting efficiency.

[0037] The driving control system 11 includes a driving platform 11.1, a driver's seat 11.2, a steering gear 11.3, an operating block 11.4, a co-seat 11.5 and a glass water spraying mechanism 11.6; the operating module of the glass water spraying mechanism 11.6 is located in the middle of the steering gear 11.3, and can also be located on the operating block 11.4, and is used to remove stains on the front windshield. The glass water spraying mechanism 11.6 is provided to solve the inconvenience of operation caused by obstructed vision during corn harvester operation, and to improve the degree of human-computer interaction.

[0038] The lifting system 2 is connected to the lower fan 2.3, the transition shaft 2.6, the lifting body 2.1, the stalk processing mechanism 2.4 and the rear fan 2.5 through a belt or chain transmission to form a continuous power transmission path.

[0039] The four-drive force transmission is realized between the driving axle 7 and the steering axle 8 via the front transmission shaft 15 , the connecting device 16 , the rear transmission shaft 17 and the gear box 18 .

[0040] The returning-to-field mechanism 5 is arranged below the frame 6 and between the driving axle 7 and the steering axle 8, and is used for crushing the residual stems and returning them directly to the field.

[0041] The specific implementation manners and advantages of each system of the present invention are as follows: 1. Overall structural layout The self-propelled corn harvester takes the frame 6 as the core, with a plate-type ear picking cutter bar 1 installed at the front end, and a lifting system 2, a husker 3 and a grain bin 4 arranged in sequence at the rear. The power system 12 is located in the upper middle part of the frame and drives each component through the transmission system 10; the driving and operating system 11 is arranged above the front of the frame, and the protection system 14 covers the key components on both sides.

[0042] 2. Working process of the plate-type ear picking cutter bar Plant feeding: The lodged plants are guided by the long and slender front guard 1.2 of the cutter bar to the adjacent passage, and the reel 1.4 drives the reel chain 1.5 to pull the plants into the ear picking mechanism.

[0043] Ear picking and separation: The ear picking plate 1.6 cooperates with the stalk pulling roller 1.7 to strip the ear and convey it to the lifting system 2, and the stalks are crushed and returned to the field by the stalk returning mechanism 5.

[0044] 3. Transmission path of the lifting system The lower blower 2.3 drives the upper blower 2.2 and the intermediate shaft 2.6 through a belt, and the intermediate shaft 2.6 further drives the lifting main body 2.1 to lift the ears to the husker 3; the stalk processing mechanism 2.4 and the rear blower 2.5 cooperate to complete the separation of debris.

[0045] 4. Husking and grain storage After the ears are threshed by the husking mechanism 3.1, the grains fall into the bottom bin 3.2, and the conveying mechanism 3.3 transfers the grains to the outer bin 3.4. The volume of the outer bin is twice that of the bottom bin, significantly reducing the cleaning frequency.

[0046] 5. Grain bin expansion and unloading The oil cylinder 4.7 pushes the movable frame 4.4 to expand and contract along the slideway of the fixed frame 4.3 to increase the capacity of the grain bin main body 4.1; the conveying mechanism 4.2 automatically levels the ears when they are stacked, and the safety mechanism 4.5 locks the position of the oil cylinder to prevent accidental retraction.

[0047] 6. Four-wheel drive power transmission In the four-wheel drive mode, the front drive shaft 15 transmits the power to the rear drive shaft 17 through the connecting device 16 and the gearbox 18, driving the steering axle 8 and the drive axle 7 to rotate synchronously, enhancing the passing ability on complex terrains.

[0048] 7. Optimization of cab operation The driver controls the traveling direction through the steering gear 11.3, and the glass water spraying mechanism 11.6 is integrated in the operating block 11.4, and the windshield can be cleaned with one key to ensure clear vision.

Claims

1. A self-propelled corn harvester, characterized in that: It includes a plate-type ear-picking header (1), a lifting system (2), a husker (3), a grain bin (4), a stubble-returning mechanism (5), a frame (6), a driving axle (7), a steering axle (8), a hydraulic driving system (9), a transmission system (10), a driving and operating system (11), a power system (12), an electrical system (13) and a protection system (14); the plate-type ear-picking header adopts an ear-picking plate structure, and the lifting system is equipped with a blower; a front transmission shaft (15), a connecting device (16), a rear transmission shaft (17) and a gearbox (18) are arranged below the frame (6), and the driving axle (7) is connected to the steering axle (8) through the front transmission shaft (15), the connecting device (16), the rear transmission shaft (17) and the gearbox (18) to transmit power; The plate-type ear-picking header (1) is provided with 4 plant channels (1.1), including a front header guard (1.2), a rear header guard (1.3), a reel (1.4) and a reel chain (1.5) covered by the header guard, the reel (1.4) protrudes towards the plant channel (1.1) and drives the reel chain (1.5); the ear-picking mechanism adopts ear-picking plates (1.6) and pulling rollers (1.7), and the front header guard (1.2) is detachable.

2. The self-propelled corn harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting system (2) includes a lifting main body (2.1), an upper blower (2.2), a lower blower (2.3), a stalk processing mechanism (2.4), a rear blower (2.5) and a transition shaft (2.6); the lower blower (2.3) is connected to the transition shaft (2.6) through belt or chain drive, the transition shaft (2.6) drives the upper blower (2.2), the transition shaft (2.6) is driven to the lifting main body (2.1) through belt or chain, the lifting main body (2.1) is driven to the stalk processing mechanism (2.4) through belt or chain, and the stalk processing mechanism (2.4) is driven to the rear blower (2.5) through belt or chain.

3. A self-propelled corn harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The husker (3) includes a husking mechanism (3.1), a grain bottom bin (3.2), a grain conveying mechanism (3.4) and a grain outer bin (3.3), and the grain bottom bin (3.2) is connected to the grain outer bin (3.3) through the grain conveying mechanism (3.4); the grain outer bin (3.3) is arranged on one side of the husking mechanism (3.1), the volume of the grain outer bin (3.3) of the husker (3) is larger than that of the grain bottom bin (3.2), and automatic grain transfer is realized through the grain conveying mechanism (3.4).

4. A self-propelled corn harvester according to claim 1, wherein: The grain bin (4) includes a grain bin main body (4.1), a conveying mechanism (4.2), a fixed frame (4.3), a movable frame (4.4), a safety mechanism (4.5), an extension slide plate (4.6), an oil cylinder (4.7).

5. The grain bin main body (4.1) is arranged on the movable frame (4.4), and the movable frame (4.4) moves in the slideway arranged on the fixed frame (4.3) under the action of the oil cylinder (4.7); the safety mechanism (4.5) limits the position to prevent falling back after the oil cylinder (4.7) extends; the extension slide plate (4.6) is above the grain bin main body (4.1).

6. The self-propelled corn harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving control system (11) includes a driving platform (11.1), a driver's seat (11.2), a steering gear (11.3), a control block (11.4), a co-driver's seat (11.5) and a windshield washer mechanism (11.6); the control module of the windshield washer mechanism (11.6) is arranged in the middle of the steering gear (11.3) and is used to remove stains on the front windshield.

7. A self-propelled corn harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The cutting table front guard (1.2) of the plate type ear picking cutting table (1) is an elongated detachable structure and is used to guide lodged plants into the plant passage (1.1).

8. A self-propelled corn harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The elevating system (2) is connected to the lower blower (2.3), the intermediate shaft (2.6), the elevating main body (2.1), the stalk treatment mechanism (2.4) and the rear blower (2.5) through belt or chain drive to form a continuous power transmission path.

9. A self-propelled corn harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Four-wheel drive power transmission is achieved between the drive axle (7) and the steering axle (8) through the front drive shaft (15), the connecting device (16), the rear drive shaft (17) and the gearbox (18).

10. A self-propelled corn harvester according to claim 8, characterized in that: The straw returning mechanism (5) is arranged below the frame (6) and between the drive axle (7) and the steering axle (8) and is used to crush the residual stalks and directly return them to the field.

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