Picking mechanism and picking machine

Abstract

The picking mechanism comprises a supporting assembly and a picking assembly, the supporting assembly comprises a rack, and the rack is provided with a cotton plant channel for cotton plants to pass through; the picking assemblies are rotatably connected to the rack and arranged on the two sides of the cotton plant channel, each picking assembly comprises a picking roller and a plurality of chain-shaped picking fingers connected with the picking roller, the picking rollers are rotatably connected with the supporting assembly, the two picking rollers are opposite in rotation direction, and each picking finger comprises a plurality of picking parts which are sequentially hinged and are connected with one another. The chain rollers and auxiliary airflow are adopted, the airflow can drive cotton which is high in maturity and small in connection force to be separated in advance, the cotton is close to a natural structure of hand-picked cotton, the remaining cotton is picked through the combined action of the picking fingers and the airflow, the picking fingers are high in profiling capacity and can deform to impact the bottoms of cotton hulls, and therefore the cotton hulls are picked. And gradient picking without grading can be realized. Low impurity rate and outstanding one-time picking net rate can be considered, and the cotton quality damage caused by machine picking can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of picking, and particularly relates to a picking mechanism and a picker. Background Art

[0002] Cotton picking is to pick cotton from cotton plants and collect it. Currently, common picking methods include hook spindle picking, pneumatic picking, vision-assisted picking, impact picking, etc.

[0003] Currently, there is a method of driving the picking fingers to rotate by a rotating roller, and the cotton on the cotton plant is separated from the cotton plant by the rotating picking fingers impacting the cotton plant. When picking cotton by impact force, it is necessary to consider that in the forked and disordered, criss-crossed branches, the impact force has to reach the tail of the cotton boll tortuously, and the side effects on the branches should be minimized. That is, the impact force implementation mechanism should have the ability of avoidance and profiling, have flexible degrees of freedom in multiple directions, and have a small friction force with the cotton branches.

[0004] Flexible mechanisms such as brush filaments and rubber fingers in traditional methods have a certain ability of deformation and avoidance, but have weak profiling ability. And when the deformation approaches the limit, the flexible friction becomes rigid pulling, and the impurities increase suddenly. Moreover, when picking cotton by the rotating picking fingers, it is necessary for the rotating picking fingers to drive the cotton to completely separate from the cotton plant. The cotton is subjected to multiple additional forces, resulting in large damage, an increase in short fibers and filaments. At the same time, the cotton branches, leaves, and cotton bolls are damaged greatly, the impurities in the cotton are large and the cotton is stained. More force is required for subsequent processing to remove impurities, causing secondary damage to the cotton, and the quality of the cotton is greatly reduced. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above technical deficiencies, and propose a picking mechanism and a cotton picker to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the picking fingers cannot adapt to the complex cotton plant structure and the rotating picking fingers need to impact the cotton plant multiple times when driving the cotton to separate.

[0006] To achieve the above technical purpose, the present invention takes the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a picking mechanism, including: A support assembly, including a frame, and the frame has a cotton plant passage for the cotton plant to pass through; At least two picking assemblies, at least two of the picking assemblies are rotatably connected to the frame and are arranged on both sides of the cotton plant passage. The picking assembly includes a picking roller and a plurality of chain-shaped picking fingers connected to the picking roller. The picking roller is rotatably connected to the support assembly, and the rotation directions of the two picking rollers are opposite. The picking fingers include a plurality of picking parts that are sequentially hinged and interlocked. The picking part at one end is connected to the picking roller.

[0007] In one of the embodiments, the picking fingers are made of explosion-proof material, or the picking fingers are provided with an explosion-proof coating or wrapping layer. Along the axial direction of the picking roller, the distance between the fixed ends of adjacent picking fingers is a, 40mm≤a≤65mm; the width of the picking fingers is b, 6mm≤b≤16mm.

[0008] In one embodiment, it further includes a blowing mechanism, which is connected to the frame and has a blowing end facing the cotton plant channel; the flow rate of the air flow blown out by the blowing end of the blowing mechanism is greater than the rotational linear speed of the picking roller.

[0009] In one embodiment, the picking roller is tilted, and the height of the picking roller gradually increases along the feeding direction of the cotton plant channel; and the picking roller rotates to drive the picking fingers through the cotton plant channel from bottom to top.

[0010] In one embodiment, there are at least two blowing mechanisms, and at least two blowing mechanisms are arranged on both sides of the cotton plant channel, and the blowing directions and routes of the two blowing mechanisms are arranged crosswise.

[0011] In one of the embodiments, the support assembly further comprises a debris leakage plate, which is arranged below the picking roller and the picking fingers, and the debris leakage plate is provided with a plurality of first row debris holes.

[0012] In one embodiment, the picking mechanism further includes two cotton conveying components, which are arranged on both sides of the cotton plant channel and on the side of the picking roller away from the cotton plant channel; the cotton conveying component has a cotton inlet opening facing upward for conveying materials.

[0013] In one embodiment, the frame is formed with two air flow conveying structures, which are located on both sides of the cotton plant channel. The air flow conveying structures include blowing holes and cotton outlet holes. The blowing holes are arranged on the side of the frame for cotton plants to enter, and the cotton outlet holes are arranged on the side of the frame for cotton plants to leave. The cotton outlet holes are connected to the blowing holes, and an air flow conveying channel is formed between the two.

[0014] In one embodiment, the support assembly further comprises a slide plate, the slide plate is connected to the frame and is obliquely arranged below the airflow conveying channel, and the slide plate is provided with flotation air holes relative to the airflow conveying channel; The picking mechanism also includes a flotation blowing component, and the air outlet end of the flotation blowing component faces the flotation air hole.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a picking machine, comprising the above-mentioned picking mechanism.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, for the picking mechanism and the cotton picker provided by the present invention, when picking cotton, the cotton plant enters the cotton plant channel. When the cotton plant enters the cotton plant channel, the rotary picking roller rotates, and the rotating picking roller drives a plurality of chain-shaped picking fingers to rotate. The rotating picking fingers impact the cotton bolls on the cotton plant, and through the impact of the picking fingers, the cotton bolls are driven to separate from the cotton. During the process of picking cotton.

[0017] In the present invention, chain-shaped picking fingers are adopted to pick cotton. The degree of freedom of movement of the chain-shaped picking fingers is much higher than that of the brush filaments, rubber plates, rubber fingers, etc. of traditional combined harvesters. For example, if there is exactly a branch between a cotton flower and the picking device, the brush filaments and rubber fingers can only deform and bypass when blocked by the branch, resulting in missed picking. However, when the chain-shaped picking fingers encounter a branch, while deforming and bypassing, they can also fold and bend more than 90 degrees to imitate the shape, and transmit the impact force to the cotton bolls behind the branch.

[0018] The shear force between the chain links of the chain-shaped picking fingers perpendicular to the direction of the chain (i.e., the direction in which the cotton plant stands and passes through the picking head) is very weak, and it is mainly stronger in bearing the axial load (i.e., the direction from the root to the top of the cotton plant). This one weak and one strong have a great impact on the working walking speed (i.e., the picking speed) of the cotton picker. The harvesting efficiency of traditional combined harvesters is relatively low, mainly due to the blockage of the cotton plants by the brush filaments, scraping plates, or rubber fingers. Although their own materials are flexible, the resistance in the walking direction is still very large. If the cotton picker walks too fast, it is easy to push down or gather the cotton plants, increasing the picking difficulty and the amount of impurities. The chain-shaped picking fingers pick cotton mainly relying on the impact force rather than the frictional force, and can pick cotton without contact, with little damage to the cotton and a small mixing area, which is very different from the action mechanism of traditional brush filaments, scraping plates, or rubber fingers. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the picking mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is Figure 1 a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the picking mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is Figure 3 a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the picking component in the picking mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Description of the Reference Numerals: Support assembly 1; frame 11; cotton plant channel 11a; air blowing hole 11b; cotton outlet hole 11c; air flow conveying channel 11d; impurity leakage plate 12; sealing plate 13; cotton boll sliding plate 14; Picking assembly 2; picking roller 21; picking finger 22; picking part 221 Blowing mechanism 3; ventilation hole 3a Cotton conveying assembly 4 Dividing harrow 5 Flotation blowing assembly 6 Detailed implementation manners

[0021] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0022] At present, the horizontal spindle picker has the highest market recognition and the widest popularization and application. However, the picking principle of horizontal spindle picking determines that the upper limit of its picking rate is not high and the waste is large. After one pass, it is about 93%, and even after two passes, it is only about 96%. Moreover, it is very uneconomical to make two passes. In addition, under the condition of high single yield, the quality of the picked cotton is greatly damaged by the horizontal spindle picker. If relying on the horizontal spindle picker, high single yield and high quality cannot be achieved at the same time. If the cotton industry wants to upgrade and develop, then the mechanical cotton picking technology must make a breakthrough at the principle level.

[0023] The ways of picking cotton can be roughly divided into vision-assisted picking and blind picking. Whether it is manual or machine vision for vision-assisted picking, the cost is high and the efficiency is low. However, the quality of the picked cotton is good. The reason for the good quality of the cotton is that the picking force reaches the cotton precisely and does not touch the cotton branches and others. Blind picking can be further divided into blind piercing, rubbing, hooking and entanglement (such as horizontal spindle type), blind friction (such as scraper brush type), and blind combing (such as comb tooth type). Blind picking has high efficiency and low cost, but the quality of the cotton is poor. The reason for the poor quality of the cotton is that the force application is not precise, the cotton is subjected to multiple additional forces, the accidental injury is large, the short fibers and filaments increase, and at the same time, the cotton branches, leaves and cotton bolls are accidentally injured greatly. The impurities in the cotton are large and the cotton is dyed. More force is required for subsequent processing to remove impurities, which causes secondary damage to the cotton and the quality of the cotton is greatly damaged.

[0024] Blind picking can be thought in another way: under the condition of no vision assistance, make the force act on non-cotton as much as possible and control the damage of this force to the cotton branches as much as possible. For example, learning from the fruit picking technology and using mechanical vibration to pick cotton. However, the small density, small elastic modulus, softness and easy entanglement of cotton determine that this way is not feasible. Then, can we use a force without rigid connection, such as pneumatic cotton picking? A lot of research and attempts have been made by predecessors, but it has too high energy consumption, is easy to hang on branches and has a low picking rate.

[0025] How can we balance high efficiency, low cost, high picking rate and high quality? The following three ideas may help to find the optimal solution.

[0026] The first idea: non-sequential picking with gradients. That is, the predetermined clean picking rate is achieved in one picking, but the action in one picking is completed, or the force applied to the cotton is in gradients. Why is it emphasized that there is no separation, because separation will increase the amount of cotton on the ground, and to ensure the clean picking rate, it is necessary to pick all the cotton in one go. Current agricultural progress is also conducive to one-time clean picking. Why is gradient picking emphasized again, because even the maturity of cotton on the same plant is different, and the connection force between cotton and shell in each boll is also different. From the research history of cotton picking machinery, it can be found that various picking methods will lose one thing while gaining another, or gaining efficiency but losing the clean picking rate and quality (such as horizontal spindle picking machines), or gaining low cost but losing the impurity rate and quality (such as various previous unified cotton picking machines). It can be basically asserted that any single blind picking method cannot take into account the clean rate, impurity rate and cotton quality at the same time. The best choice is to pick cotton according to its cotton quality. For cotton with high maturity and low connection force, it is preferred to use medium and low speed air force to pick it first. This can ensure that the quality of about 50% of the cotton is close to the natural structure of hand-picked cotton, and at the same time control the energy consumption. The remaining cotton will continue to be applied with low and medium speed air force while increasing the mechanical force. It can ensure that it will be picked as soon as it is loosened, without too much hitting and rubbing, until all the cotton is picked.

[0027] The second idea: non-pneumatic picking action, that is, contact picking action, relies on low-amplitude and high-frequency impact force as much as possible to reduce friction, and the point of impact force is as close as possible to the connection between cotton and cotton shell, that is, the tail of cotton shell, rather than on cotton or cotton branches. Because if picking relies on friction, the contact point of force must be on cotton, which will inevitably tangle or break the cotton petals, and the quality of cotton will be difficult to guarantee. The direct point of impact force does not have to be on cotton, so with the resonance and assistance of pneumatic force, it can be ensured that about 80% of cotton is separated from the cotton plant without contact with the picking device.

[0028] The third idea: the way to achieve the impact force should take into account that in the forked and crisscrossed branches, the impact force should reach the target (the tail of the cotton shell) in a tortuous way, and the negative effect on the branches should be minimized. That is, the mechanism to achieve the impact force should have the ability to avoid and imitate, and should have flexible freedom in multiple directions, and the friction with the cotton branches should be small. The flexible mechanisms such as brush wires and rubber fingers in traditional methods have a certain ability to avoid deformation, but the imitation ability is weak, and when the deformation is close to the limit, the flexible friction becomes rigid pulling, and the impurities increase sharply, so it is difficult to do this task.

[0029] Based on the above analysis and considerations, this patent provides a new cotton picking method and picking mechanism.

[0030] It should be noted that the picking mechanism and the picker of the present invention are used for but not limited to the picking of cotton and the like. For the convenience of description, in the present invention, only a picking mechanism and a picker applied to cotton picking are taken as an example for description. The principle of a picking mechanism and a picker applied to the picking of other types of materials is substantially the same as that applied to cotton picking, and will not be elaborated one by one here.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of a picking mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention. The picking mechanism includes a support assembly 1, at least two picking assemblies 2 and a blowing mechanism 3. The support assembly 1 includes a frame 11, and the frame 11 has a cotton plant passage 11a for cotton plants to pass through; at least two picking assemblies 2 are rotatably connected to the frame 11 and are arranged on both sides of the cotton plant passage 11a. The picking assembly 2 includes a picking roller 21 and a plurality of chain-shaped picking fingers 22 connected to the picking roller 21. The picking roller 21 is rotatably connected to the support assembly 1.

[0032] Specifically, when picking cotton, the cotton plant enters the cotton plant passage 11a. When the cotton plant enters the cotton plant passage 11a, the picking roller 21 is rotated. The rotating picking roller 21 drives the plurality of chain-shaped picking fingers 22 to rotate. The rotating picking fingers 22 impact the remaining cotton bolls on the cotton plant. Through the impact of the picking fingers 22, the cotton bolls are driven to separate from the cotton.

[0033] In the present invention, chain-shaped picking fingers 22 are used to pick cotton. The degree of freedom of movement of the chain-shaped picking fingers 22 is much higher than that of the brush filaments, rubber plates, rubber fingers, etc. of conventional pickers. For example, if there is exactly a branch between a cotton flower and the picking device, the brush filaments and rubber fingers can only deform and bypass when blocked by the branch, resulting in missed picking. However, when the chain-shaped picking fingers 22 encounter a branch, they can deform and bypass while folding more than 90 degrees to bend and follow the contour, transmitting the impact force to the cotton bolls behind the branch.

[0034] The shear force between the chain links of the chain-shaped picking fingers 22 in the direction perpendicular to the chain (i.e., the direction in which the cotton plant stands and passes through the picking head) is very weak, and it is mainly stronger in bearing the axial load (i.e., the direction from the root to the top of the cotton plant). This one weak and one strong have a great impact on the working walking speed (i.e., the picking speed) of the cotton picker. The harvesting efficiency of traditional pickers is relatively low, mainly due to the obstruction of the brush filaments, scraping plates, or rubber fingers to the cotton plants. Although their own materials are flexible, the resistance in the walking direction is still very large. If the cotton picker walks too fast, it is easy to push down or gather the cotton plants, increasing the picking difficulty and the amount of impurities. The chain-shaped picking fingers 22 pick cotton mainly relying on the impact force rather than the frictional force, can pick cotton without contact, with little damage to the cotton and a small mixing area, which is very different from the action mechanism of traditional brush filaments, scraping plates or rubber fingers.

[0035] It should be understood that the picking roller 21 can be directly driven by a motor, or driven by a combination of a motor and a speed reducer, or driven by a combination of a motor and a belt transmission mechanism.

[0036] It should be understood that the chain-shaped picking fingers 22 can be multiple picking members 22, and adjacent picking fingers 22 are connected by a flexible structure. Specifically, in one embodiment, the picking finger 22 includes a plurality of sequentially articulated picking parts 221, and the picking part 221 at one end is connected to the picking roller 21.

[0037] By arranging a plurality of sequentially articulated picking parts 221, the plurality of sequentially articulated picking parts 221 can form a chain-shaped picking finger 22. Moreover, since the suction picking fingers 22 are connected by hinges, the adjacent picking parts 221 can rotate relative to each other, can adaptively fit cotton plants of different shapes, and can also bypass the branches when encountering branch obstacles and hit the cotton bolls behind the branches.

[0038] It should be understood that the adjacent picking parts 221 can be articulated by a rotating shaft. Specifically, in one embodiment, the picking part 221 is annular, and a plurality of picking parts 221 are sequentially interlocked.

[0039] In this embodiment, the picking parts 221 are articulated in an interlocking manner, so that the adjacent picking parts 221 have more degrees of freedom compared with traditional articulation, and the picking finger 22 can form a more complex shape.

[0040] In order to avoid generating sparks when the picking parts 221 collide, therefore, in one embodiment, the corners of the outer surface of the picking part 221 are all smoothly transitioned. The smooth transition avoids the existence of sharp corners on the picking part 221 and avoids the formation of sparks due to the existence of sharp corners.

[0041] Since the picking finger 22 adopts the interlocked picking parts 221, it is easy for cotton branches to be inserted into the connection gaps of the picking finger 22, and the picking part 221 has more degrees of freedom. During the rotation of the picking roller 21, the mutual collision between the chain-shaped picking parts 221 is inevitable, and there is a hidden danger of generating sparks. In order to achieve the function of explosion-proof and flame retardant, therefore, in one embodiment, the picking part 221 is made of explosion-proof material or an explosion-proof coating (not shown in the figure) is further provided outside the picking part 221, and the rotational linear velocity of the picking part 221 is less than 6 m / s.

[0042] By setting the picking part 221 as an explosion-proof material, or providing an explosion-proof coating outside the picking part 221, and restricting the mass and linear velocity of the picking part 221, it is avoided that the rotating picking parts 221 form sparks during the mutual collision, and it is avoided that the rotating picking parts 221 cause the cotton plants or cotton to catch fire.

[0043] It should be understood that the material of the picking part 221 can be beryllium bronze, aluminum bronze, copper-nickel composite material, rare earth modified polymer material, etc. The material of the explosion-proof coating can be an electroplated copper layer and a flame-retardant spray adhesive 630A, etc.

[0044] In order to reduce the impact between adjacent picking parts 221 and at the same time avoid cotton bolls from passing through between adjacent picking fingers 22, in one embodiment, along the axial direction of the picking roller 21, the distance between the fixed ends of adjacent picking fingers 22 is a, and 40 mm ≤ a ≤ 65 mm; the width of the picking part 221 is b, and 6 mm ≤ b ≤ 16 mm.

[0045] In this embodiment, by controlling the distance between adjacent picking fingers 22 along the axial direction of the picking roller 21, the mutual impact between adjacent picking fingers 22 is reduced, and at the same time, it is avoided that the distance between adjacent picking fingers 22 is too large, resulting in some cotton bolls passing through the picking fingers 22; by designing the picking part 221 with an appropriate thickness, the stiffness and bending strength of the picking part 221 meet the requirements, avoiding bending deformation or even fracture during high-frequency impact or heavy-load picking operations.

[0046] In one embodiment, the picking roller 21 is inclined, and the height of the picking roller 21 gradually increases along the feeding direction of the cotton plant passage 11a.

[0047] By arranging the picking roller 21 in an inclined manner, when the cotton plant passes through the inclined picking roller 21, the picking fingers 22 on the inclined picking roller 21 can vibrate the cotton bolls at different heights of the cotton plant in sequence. Moreover, by arranging the picking roller 21 in an inclined manner, it is possible to avoid the picking roller 21 from repeatedly vibrating the cotton plants at the same height.

[0048] It should be understood that the rotation directions of the two picking rollers 21 can be the same or different. Specifically, in one embodiment, the rotation directions of the two picking rollers 21 are opposite, and the picking roller 21 rotates in a bottom-to-top manner to drive the picking fingers 22 through the cotton plant passage 11a.

[0049] When the picking roller 21 rotates, it drives the picking fingers 22 to pass through the cotton plant passage 11a from top to bottom. The picking part 221 in the picking finger 22 is a whipping impact from bottom to top. The impact force first acts on the tail of the cotton shell. The connection force between the cotton shell and the fruit stalk is about 21 N, the connection force between the fruit stalk and the cotton branch is about 38 N, while the connection force between a cotton boll and the cotton shell is only about 0.5 N. Through the impact from bottom to top, the cotton boll can be loosened from the top opening of the cotton shell, ensuring that only the cotton boll is impacted and loosened from the cotton shell without accidentally injuring the cotton boll and the cotton branch.

[0050] It should be understood that in order to enable the two picking rollers 21 to drive the picking fingers 22 to pass through the cotton plant passage 11a from bottom to top, therefore, as Figure 2 andFigure 4 As shown, in one of the embodiments, the picking roller 21 on the left rotates counterclockwise, and the picking roller 21 on the right rotates clockwise.

[0051] In one of the embodiments, the picking mechanism further includes a blowing mechanism 3 connected to the frame 11 and having a blowing end facing the cotton plant passage 11a.

[0052] When picking cotton, the cotton plants enter the cotton plant passage 11a. When the cotton plants enter the cotton plant passage 11a, the blowing mechanism 3 is activated, and the blowing end of the blowing mechanism 3 blows air into the cotton plant passage 11a. The airflow blown by the blowing mechanism 3 first acts on the cotton on the cotton plants, and some overripe cotton or cotton with a relatively small connection force between the cotton and the cotton shell will be separated from the cotton plants first. The rotating picking roller 21 drives the plurality of chain-shaped picking fingers 22 to rotate, and the rotating picking fingers 22 impact the remaining cotton bolls on the cotton plants. Through the impact of the picking fingers 22, the cotton bolls are driven to separate from the cotton. During the process of picking cotton, the blowing end of the blowing mechanism 3 always blows out air. Once the cotton petals are loosened under the impact and vibration of the picking fingers 22, or when the connection force with the cotton shell is less than the airflow drag force, the cotton petals can be separated from the cotton plants in a timely manner. Finally, a small part of the semi-open cotton or hanging-branch cotton remains, which requires repeated strikes by the chain-shaped picking fingers 22 to complete the picking.

[0053] When picking, most of the cotton (about 80%) is separated from the cotton plants without rigid contact. Among them, some is directly blown away by the airflow first, some is separated from the cotton shell under the resonance of the airflow and the picking roller 21 and the picking fingers 22 and then blown away by the airflow, and some is blown away by the airflow when the picking fingers 22 hit the cotton shell but do not touch the cotton petals; the natural state of the cotton petals is maintained well, not being stretched or broken, and the area of color mixing of the cotton petals is small, reducing the subsequent cleaning burden and reducing the quality loss of the cotton; under the repeated impact of the tail-cotton picking fingers 22 and the multiple selections of the airflow, the overall picking rate can be ensured; through testing, the picking rate is above 98%; in addition, increasing the impact density and the airflow speed can further improve the picking rate, and the side effects do not increase significantly.

[0054] At the same time, there is also a synergistic effect between the chain-shaped picking fingers 22 and the blowing mechanism 3. The blowing mechanism 3 can blow away the cotton petals loosened by the chain-shaped picking fingers 22 in a timely manner, avoiding excessive vibration and impact on the cotton petals; the blowing mechanism 3 can also dry the moisture attached to the chain-shaped picking part 221, avoiding the cotton petals being dyed due to moisture. At the same time, the airflow blown by the blowing mechanism 3 can also dissipate heat and ventilate the chain-shaped picking fingers 22, preventing the chain-shaped picking fingers 22 from exploding.

[0055] It should be understood that the blowing mechanism 3 can be one, two, three, etc. Specifically, in one of the embodiments, the blowing mechanism 3 is at least two, and at least two blowing mechanisms 3 are arranged on both sides of the cotton plant passage 11a, and the blowing directions of the two blowing mechanisms 3 are arranged crosswise.

[0056] By arranging at least two air-blowing mechanisms 3 with intersecting air-blowing directions, the air-blowing mechanism 3 can drive the cotton petals to tilt and separate from the cotton boll, causing the cotton petals to rotate in the direction away from the picking roller 21.

[0057] In order to reduce the mutual interference of the airflows on both sides of the cotton plant passage 11a, for this purpose, the air-blowing mechanism 3 has a plurality of air-blowing ends, and the plurality of air-blowing ends are spaced along the axial direction of the picking roller 21, and at the same time, the air-blowing ends located on both sides of the cotton plant passage 11a are alternately distributed along the axial direction of the picking roller 21.

[0058] Through the alternate distribution of the air-blowing ends on both sides of the cotton plant passage 11a, it is possible to avoid the airflows blown out on both sides of the cotton plant passage 11a from counteracting each other, and reduce the losses and interference caused by the airflows counteracting each other.

[0059] It should be understood that the air-blowing mechanism 3 is a blow pipe, the blow pipe is connected to the frame 11, the blow pipe is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes 3a, the plurality of ventilation holes 3a are spaced along the axial direction of the blow pipe, the ventilation holes 3a are the air-blowing ends of the air-blowing mechanism 3, and the ventilation holes 3a are inclined towards the top of the picking roller 21 along the air outlet direction.

[0060] In this embodiment, by arranging the ventilation holes 3a in an inclined manner, when the airflow discharges from the ventilation holes 3a of the blow pipe, the airflow can be blown out along the direction of the ventilation holes 3a, and the blown airflow can guide the cotton to move towards the cotton discharging mechanism on the frame 11, avoiding the cotton from separating from the cotton discharging mechanism of the frame 11 under the push of the airflow.

[0061] In order to discharge the impurities formed during the picking process, for this purpose, in one of the embodiments, the support assembly 1 further includes a waste leakage plate 12, the waste leakage plate 12 is arranged below the picking fingers 22, and the waste leakage plate 12 is provided with a plurality of first waste discharge holes.

[0062] During the rotation of the picking roller 21 driving the chain-shaped picking fingers 22 and the air-blowing of the air-blowing mechanism 3, it is possible to generate impurities such as leaf debris. In order to reduce the adhesion of impurities to the cotton petals, in this embodiment, a waste leakage plate 12 is arranged below the picking roller 21, and the first waste discharge holes formed on the waste leakage plate 12 can discharge the impurities.

[0063] In order to collect the cotton petals formed during the picking process, for this purpose, in one of the embodiments, the picking mechanism further includes two cotton conveying components 4, the two cotton conveying components 4 are arranged on both sides of the cotton plant passage 11a, and are arranged on the side of the picking roller 21 away from the cotton plant passage 11a; the cotton conveying component 4 has a cotton inlet with an upward opening for conveying materials.

[0064] By setting up the cotton feeding component 4, both the airflow blown by the air blowing mechanism 3 and the rotating picking fingers 22 can drive the cotton bolls to move obliquely, causing the cotton bolls to move obliquely to the cotton inlet of the cotton feeding component 4 and enter the cotton feeding component 4 through the cotton inlet. Under the transportation of the cotton feeding component 4, the cotton bolls are transported to the designated location, realizing the collection and transportation of the picked cotton bolls.

[0065] It should be understood that the cotton feeding component 4 can be a material conveying auger or a conveyor belt for conveying cotton.

[0066] If an auger is used to convey the picked cotton bolls, during the process of conveying the cotton bolls by the auger, the cotton bolls will be driven to move in a spiral shape, increasing the mixing between the cotton bolls and possibly causing the cotton to be mixed and dyed. For this reason, in one of the embodiments, the frame 11 is formed with two airflow conveying structures. The two airflow conveying structures are located on both sides of the cotton plant passage 11a. The airflow conveying structure includes an air blowing hole 11b and a cotton outlet hole 11c. The air blowing hole 11b is arranged on the side of the frame 11 where the cotton plants enter, and the cotton outlet hole 11c is arranged on the side of the frame 11 where the cotton plants leave. The cotton outlet hole 11c is communicated with the air blowing hole 11b, and an airflow conveying channel 11d is formed between the two.

[0067] By arranging two airflow conveying structures on both sides of the frame 11, the airflow blown by the air blowing mechanism 3 drives the cotton bolls to move towards the direction close to the airflow conveying channel 11d. When the cotton bolls move into the airflow conveying channel 11d, under the action of the airflow flowing in the airflow conveying channel 11d, they move along the conveying direction of the airflow conveying channel 11d. The cotton is conveyed by air power, reducing the adhesion between the cotton bolls, reducing the mutual mixing and dyeing between the cotton bolls, and at the same time having a certain air-drying effect, accelerating the drying of the cotton bolls.

[0068] It should be understood that in order to form the airflow conveying channel 11d for the airflow to flow through on the frame 11, for this reason, in one of the embodiments, the support assembly 1 further includes a sealing plate 13. The sealing plate 13 is arranged on the top and side walls of the frame 11, and the airflow conveying channel 11d for the airflow passage is formed by the enclosure of the sealing plates 13.

[0069] During the picking process, the picked products include cotton, green peaches, broken leaves, etc. In order to preliminarily screen the picked products, for this reason, in one of the embodiments, the support assembly 1 further includes a peach chute plate 14. The peach chute plate 14 is connected to the frame 11 and is inclined below the airflow conveying channel 11d. The peach chute plate 14 is provided with flotation air holes opposite to the airflow conveying channel 11d; the picking mechanism further includes a flotation air blowing assembly 6, and the air outlet end of the flotation air blowing assembly 6 faces the flotation air holes. It should be understood that the flotation air blowing assembly 6 can be a gas supply pipe with air holes, an air supply air duct with air holes, etc.

[0070] During the picking process, the materials formed are moved towards the direction close to the air flow conveying channel 11d under the action of the air flow and the chain-shaped picking fingers 22. At this time, the flotation blowing component 6 feeds air into the flotation air holes, and the air flow blows towards the air flow conveying channel 11d. Since the green peaches are relatively heavy in mass, the green peaches will move downward under the action of gravity. The blowing air speed of the flotation air holes (about 8 m / s) is slightly greater than the suspension speed of cotton (about 5 m / s), and less than the suspension speed of green peaches (about 13 m / s). Cotton is timely conveyed into the air flow conveying channel 11d under the combined action of the air flow blown by the blowing mechanism 3 and the air flow blown into the flotation air holes, and is conveyed to a designated location under the action of the air flow in the air flow conveying channel 11d; while the green peaches and a small part of single-particle cotton will fall on the peach chute plate 14, and then pass through the picking roller 21. Although the blowing speed of the blowing mechanism 3 is high, the effective area of the wind force is small and is not sufficient to blow up the cotton peaches again. The force application direction of the lower half of the picking roller 21 is opposite to the air force direction, so that the green peaches are discharged from the cotton plant channel 11a. The single-particle cotton has a small mass and density and is easily blown upward again by the air flow blown out of the cotton picking air holes 11b, and is re-conveyed into the air flow conveying channel 11d under the combined action of the picking roller 21 and the air force.

[0071] In order to facilitate the discharge of impurities, in one of the embodiments, the peach chute plate 14 is provided with a plurality of second impurity discharge holes, and the sealing plate 13 is provided with a plurality of third impurity discharge holes opposite to the flotation air holes of the peach chute plate 14.

[0072] By providing a plurality of second impurity discharge holes on the peach chute plate 14, when impurities with a relatively large density but a relatively small volume slide over the peach chute plate 14 under the action of the picking part 221, the impurities can leak out from the second impurity discharge holes, facilitating the removal of some impurities. By providing the third impurity discharge holes, the density of impurities such as leaf debris formed during the picking process is small, and the debris impurities are discharged from the third impurity discharge holes under the action of the air flow blown out of the cotton picking air holes 11b, reducing the adhesion of debris to cotton, and performing air separation on cotton using the density of different impurities.

[0073] In order to enable all cotton to be subjected to air separation by the air flow blown out of the cotton picking air holes 11b, in one of the embodiments, the slope of the peach chute plate 14 is greater than the slope of the impurity leakage plate 12.

[0074] Through the above settings, the slope of the peach chute plate 14 is relatively large, reducing the distance between the peach chute plate 14 and the rotating picking part 221. When the materials picked by the picking part 221 pass between the peach chute plate 14 and the rotating picking part 221, they will all pass through the air flow blown out of the cotton picking air holes 11b, reducing the materials that are not subjected to air separation and impurity removal by the air flow.

[0075] To enable the airflow blown by the airflow mechanism to push the cotton bolls away from the cotton bolls before the chain-like picking fingers 22, so as to reduce the vibration applied by the picking fingers 22 to the cotton bolls and reduce the contact between the cotton bolls and the picking fingers 22. For this purpose, in one of the embodiments, the flow rate of the airflow blown from the blowing end of the blowing mechanism 3 is greater than the rotational linear velocity of the picking roller 21.

[0076] Because the flow rate of the airflow blown from the cotton picking air holes 11b (about 30 - 40 m / s) is much greater than the rotational linear velocity of the picking roller 21 (about 6 m / s), and the acting distance of the airflow is relatively far, the cotton on the cotton plant is first affected by the airflow. Some overripe cotton or cotton with a relatively small connection force between the cotton and the cotton shell will first separate from the cotton plant and be transported to the designated position. The remaining cotton bolls on the cotton plant will gradually enter the rotational radius of the chain-like picking fingers 22. Since the chain-like picking fingers 22 strike the tail of the cotton shell from bottom to top, the cotton bolls are separated from the cotton shell, reducing the vibration applied by the picking fingers 22 to the cotton bolls and reducing the contact between the cotton bolls and the picking fingers 22.

[0077] To guide the cotton plant into the cotton plant channel 11a, in one of the embodiments, the picking mechanism further includes a dividing device 5, and the dividing device 5 is connected to the frame 11.

[0078] The present invention also provides a picking machine, including the above-mentioned picking mechanism.

[0079] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a cotton machine, including the above-mentioned cotton picking head. Since this cotton machine adopts the cotton picking head in the above-mentioned embodiment, the technical effects of this cotton machine can be referred to the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0080] The picking machine further includes a cotton picking vehicle (not shown in the figure). The cotton picking vehicle is connected to the frame 11 in the picking mechanism, and is used to drive the picking mechanism to move for cotton picking. At the same time, it also supplies air to the structures that need air supply in the cotton picking mechanism.

[0081] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0082] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0083] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "mounted", "connected" and "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0084] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0085] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical concept of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A picking mechanism, characterized in that, include: A support assembly includes a frame having a cotton plant passage for the cotton plants to pass through; At least two picking components, at least two of which can be rotatably connected to the frame and are arranged on both sides of the cotton plant channel, the picking components include a picking roller and a plurality of chain-like picking fingers connected to the picking rollers, the picking rollers are rotatably connected to the supporting components, the two picking rollers rotate in opposite directions, the picking fingers include a plurality of picking parts which are hinged in sequence and interlocked, and the picking part at one end is connected to the picking roller.

2. The picking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The picking fingers are made of explosion-proof material, or are provided with explosion-proof coating or wrapping layer. Along the axial direction of the picking roller, the distance between the fixed ends of adjacent picking fingers is a, 40mm≤a≤65mm; the width of the picking fingers is b, 6mm≤b≤16mm.

3. The picking mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: It also includes a blowing mechanism, which is connected to the frame and has a blowing end facing the cotton plant channel; the flow rate of the air flow blown out by the blowing end of the blowing mechanism is greater than the rotational linear speed of the picking roller.

4. The picking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The picking roller is tilted, and its height gradually increases along the feeding direction of the cotton plant channel; and the picking roller rotates to drive the picking fingers through the cotton plant channel from bottom to top.

5. The picking mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: There are at least two blowing mechanisms, and at least two blowing mechanisms are arranged on both sides of the cotton plant passage, and the blowing directions and routes of the two blowing mechanisms are arranged crosswise.

6. The picking mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support assembly also includes a debris leakage plate, which is arranged below the picking roller and the picking fingers, and the debris leakage plate is provided with a plurality of first row debris holes.

7. The picking mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes two cotton conveying components, which are arranged on both sides of the cotton plant channel and on the side of the picking roller away from the cotton plant channel; the cotton conveying component has a cotton inlet opening facing upward for conveying materials.

8. The picking mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The frame is formed with two airflow conveying structures, which are located on both sides of the cotton plant channel. The airflow conveying structures include blowing holes and cotton outlet holes. The blowing holes are arranged on the side of the cotton plant entry end of the frame, and the cotton outlet holes are arranged on the side of the cotton plant exit end of the frame. The cotton outlet holes are connected to the blowing holes, and an airflow conveying channel is formed between the two.

9. The picking mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that: The support assembly further comprises a slide plate, which is connected to the frame and is obliquely arranged below the airflow conveying channel, and the slide plate is provided with flotation air holes relative to the airflow conveying channel; The picking mechanism further includes a flotation air blowing assembly, and the air outlet end of the flotation air blowing assembly faces the flotation air holes.

10. A picking machine, characterized in that, It includes the picking mechanism according to any one of claims 1-9.

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