Grafting device for fruit tree breeding

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, and mainly relates to a grafting device for fruit tree breeding. Comprising an inner frame, the inner frame is fixedly connected with two outer frames, the inner frame is rotationally connected with two transmission columns, spline columns are arranged on the transmission columns, the two spline columns are jointly connected with a sliding shell in a sliding mode, the spline columns penetrate through the sliding shell, a first elastic piece is fixedly connected between the sliding shell and the inner frame, and a second elastic piece is fixedly connected between the sliding shell and the inner frame. The sliding shell is rotatably connected with a deflection sleeve, worm wheels are fixedly connected to the two sides of the deflection sleeve, the spline column is slidably connected with a worm, the deflection sleeve is slidably connected with a grafting knife, and the sliding shell is slidably connected with a pressing plate. The cutting angle of the grafting knife is adjusted according to rootstocks with different diameters, so that the area of a cambium on the cutting surface of the rootstock corresponds to the diameter of the rootstock, the contact area of a bud slice and the cambium on the rootstock is ensured, the bud slice and the rootstock are healed more quickly, and the grafting survival rate is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, and particularly to a grafting device for fruit tree breeding. Background Art

[0002] Fruit tree breeding aims to reproduce and cultivate fruit trees through various techniques and methods, ensuring the inheritance of the genetic characteristics of excellent varieties and improving the yield and quality of fruits. Among them, grafting propagation is a common method, which is achieved by grafting a bud piece or a branch (scion) of one variety onto the rootstock of another variety. The specific operation includes cutting a small opening on the rootstock and inserting the bud piece to promote the healing of the two into a whole. When grafting trees with different diameters, due to the different thicknesses of the xylem layers of the rootstocks, in order to ensure full contact between the bud piece and the cambium after cutting, it is necessary to adjust the cutting angle of the cutting surface. However, the determination of the existing cutting angle can only rely on the grafting experience of the implementer, and it is difficult to accurately cut the rootstock according to the diameter of the rootstock, resulting in an uncertain area of the cambium on the cutting surface after cutting. When the area of the cambium is too small, the contact area between the bud piece and the cambium after cutting the rootstock will become smaller, which will lead to the situation that the bud piece cannot obtain enough water and nutrients, affecting the survival rate of the bud piece after subsequent grafting. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a grafting device that can change the cutting angle according to the diameter of the rootstock. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems mentioned in the above background, the present invention provides a grafting device for fruit tree breeding.

[0004] Technical Solution: A grafting device for fruit tree breeding includes: an inner frame, two outer frames fixedly connected to the inner frame, two transmission columns rotatably connected to the inner frame, spline columns arranged on the transmission columns, the transmission columns and the spline columns being connected by a universal joint, a sliding shell slidably connected by the two spline columns, the spline columns passing through the sliding shell, a first elastic member fixedly connected between the sliding shell and the inner frame, a deflection sleeve rotatably connected to the sliding shell, worm wheels fixedly connected to both sides of the deflection sleeve, a worm slidably connected to the spline column, the worm wheels and the worm being engaged, a grafting knife slidably connected to the deflection sleeve, a pressing plate slidably connected to the sliding shell, and the grafting knife and the pressing plate being rotatably connected; a positioning component, the number of which is the same as that of the outer frames, all arranged on the adjacent outer frames, for positioning the grafting part of the rootstock.

[0005] Further, the positioning component includes: a first sliding block slidably connected in the outer frame, a handle fixedly connected to one side of the first sliding block, a fixing plate fixedly connected to the other side of the first sliding block, a rack fixedly connected to the side of the first sliding block close to the inner frame, and a spur gear fixedly connected to the transmission column, the spur gear being engaged with the rack.

[0006] Further, a second elastic member is fixedly connected between the sliding shell and the grafting knife. The side of the deflection sleeve away from the pressing plate is provided with an inclined surface for scraping impurities on the grafting knife.

[0007] Further, it further includes: a mounting shell fixedly connected to the inner frame, the mounting shell is provided with a sliding groove and an offset groove; a limiting block fixedly connected to the sliding shell, two protrusions are arranged on the limiting block, and the two protrusions on the limiting block are respectively slid in the sliding groove and the offset groove.

[0008] Further, the rotation center of the universal joint between the transmission column and the spline column is on the same straight line as the center of the arc groove on the offset groove.

[0009] Further, it further includes: a second sliding block slidably connected to the mounting shell, the mounting shell is provided with a limiting groove, the second sliding block slides in the limiting groove on the mounting shell, and a third elastic member is fixedly connected between the second sliding block and the mounting shell; a fixing ring fixedly connected to the second sliding block, the fixing ring is rotatably connected with a rotating ring, and a channel is arranged in the fixing ring.

[0010] Further, it further includes: a U-shaped frame fixedly connected to the side of the deflection sleeve close to the fixing ring, the U-shaped frame is rotatably connected with an L-shaped block, the L-shaped block is slidably connected to the sliding shell, the L-shaped block is slidably connected to the inner frame, and the L-shaped block is fixedly connected with a pressing shell.

[0011] Further, it further includes: a fixing block fixedly connected to the fixing ring, the fixing block is provided with a communicating groove, the communicating groove on the fixing block is communicated with the channel in the fixing ring, a pressing column is slidably connected in the communicating groove of the fixing block, and a fourth elastic member is fixedly connected between the pressing column and the fixing ring.

[0012] Further, a pressing block is fixedly connected to the side of the pressing column away from the fourth elastic member, the L-shaped block is used for pressing the pressing block, a fifth elastic member is fixedly connected between the fixing ring and the rotating ring, and a transmission rope is fixedly connected between the pressing column and the rotating ring.

[0013] Further, a lifting rod is slidably connected to the pressing shell, the lifting rod is fixedly connected with a clamping block, and a sixth elastic member is arranged between the clamping block and the pressing shell. The clamping block is provided with obliquely arranged grooves distributed at intervals, the pressing shell is slidably connected with clamping plates distributed at intervals, a seventh elastic member is arranged between the clamping plates and the pressing shell, the clamping plates slide in the adjacent obliquely arranged grooves, and a receiving block is fixedly connected to the second sliding block, and the receiving block is used for pressing the lifting rod.

[0014] The present invention has the following advantages: The present invention adjusts the cutting angle of the grafting knife for rootstocks with different diameters, so that the area of the cambium on the cutting surface of the rootstock corresponds to the diameter of the rootstock, ensuring the contact area between the bud chip and the cambium on the rootstock, enabling the bud chip and the rootstock to heal faster, and improving the grafting survival rate.

[0015] Through the clamping of the rootstock by the fixing plate, the device can be fixed on the rootstock and detect the diameter of the rootstock, and then adjust the cutting angle of the grafting knife according to the diameter of the rootstock, improving the grafting quality.

[0016] The present invention pulls the grafting knife to reset through the second elastic member, so that impurities adhering to the grafting knife are scraped off by the lower side of the deflection sleeve during the contraction process of the grafting knife, reducing the oxidation effect of the impurities on the grafting knife and prolonging the service life of the grafting knife.

[0017] Through the rotation of the rotating ring and the rotation of the pressing shell, the bud chip is inserted into the rootstock at an appropriate angle and depth, further making the contact of the cambium closer. The pressing shell and its internal parts clamp the bud chip, enabling the bud chip to be better grafted into the cutting surface of the rootstock with less damage to the bud chip, improving the grafting quality and increasing the grafting survival rate. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the inner frame and the outer frame of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structural sectional view of the inner frame of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the spline column, the sliding shell and the first elastic member of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional structural sectional view of the sliding shell of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 is a three-dimensional structural sectional view of the sliding shell and the deflection sleeve of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 is a three-dimensional structural sectional view of the outer frame of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the rack and the spur gear of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 is a three-dimensional structural sectional view of the mounting shell of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 10Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the U-shaped frame and the extrusion block of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 11 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the fixed ring and the rotating ring of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 12 Schematic cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the fixed ring of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 13 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the L-shaped block and the pressing shell of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 14 Schematic cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the pressing shell of the present invention.

[0032] Meanings of the reference numerals in the figure: 1 - inner frame, 2 - outer frame, 3 - transmission column, 4 - spline column, 5 - sliding shell, 6 - first elastic member, 7 - deflection sleeve, 8 - worm gear, 9 - worm, 10 - grafting knife, 11 - pressing plate, 21 - first sliding block, 22 - handle, 23 - fixing plate, 24 - rack, 25 - spur gear, 31 - second elastic member, 41 - mounting shell, 42 - sliding groove, 43 - offset groove, 44 - limiting block, 51 - second sliding block, 52 - third elastic member, 53 - fixed ring, 54 - rotating ring, 61 - U-shaped frame, 62 - L-shaped block, 63 - pressing shell, 71 - fixing block, 72 - extrusion column, 73 - fourth elastic member, 81 - extrusion block, 82 - transmission rope, 83 - fifth elastic member, 91 - lifting rod, 92 - clamping block, 93 - sixth elastic member, 94 - inclined groove, 95 - clamping plate, 96 - receiving block, 97 - seventh elastic member. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] Embodiment 1: A grafting device for fruit tree breeding, as Figures 1-8As shown, it includes: an inner frame 1, the inner frame 1 is fixedly connected to two outer frames 2, the inner frame 1 is rotatably connected to two transmission columns 3, a spline column 4 is arranged on the transmission column 3, the transmission column 3 and the spline column 4 are connected through a universal joint transmission, the two spline columns 4 are slidably connected to a sliding shell 5, the spline column 4 penetrates the sliding shell 5, a first elastic member 6 is fixedly connected between the sliding shell 5 and the inner frame 1, the sliding shell 5 is rotatably connected to a deflection sleeve 7, both sides of the deflection sleeve 7 are fixedly connected to a worm wheel 8, the spline column 4 is slidably connected to a worm 9, the worm wheel 8 and the worm 9 are meshed, the deflection sleeve 7 is slidably connected to a grafting knife 10, the sliding shell 5 is slidably connected to a pressing plate 11, and the grafting knife 10 and the pressing plate 11 are rotatably connected; positioning components, the number of which is consistent with the number of outer frames 2, and are all arranged on adjacent outer frames 2, for positioning the stock to be grafted.

[0035] The above scheme proposes a method for adjusting the angle of the grafting knife 10, which is used to change the cutting angle of the grafting knife 10. Since the thickness of the cambium and the wood layer of the rootstock are affected by the diameter of the rootstock, the larger the diameter of the rootstock, the thicker the wood layer. By changing the cutting angle of the grafting knife 10, the area of the wood layer on the cutting surface of the rootstock is reduced, and the area of the cambium is increased, thereby increasing the contact area between the bud and the cambium of the rootstock and increasing the grafting survival rate; the first elastic member 6 is a tension spring, which is initially in a power storage state and is used to reset the sliding shell 5; the worm 9 has a locking effect on the worm wheel 8, which is used to keep the deflection sleeve 7 fixed after the angle is adjusted; the pressing plate 11 has a friction strip, which can increase the friction when the user presses it, so as to prevent the pressing plate from sliding when the user uses it and causing operational errors.

[0036] like Figure 3 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the positioning assembly includes: a first sliding block 21, which is slidably connected to the outer frame 2, a handle 22 is fixedly connected to one side of the first sliding block 21, a fixing plate 23 is fixedly connected to the other side of the first sliding block 21, a rack 24 is fixedly connected to the side of the first sliding block 21 close to the inner frame 1, a spur gear 25 is fixedly connected to the transmission column 3, and the spur gear 25 is meshed with the rack 24, a second elastic member 31 is fixedly connected between the sliding shell 5 and the grafting knife 10, and a side of the deflection sleeve 7 away from the pressing plate 11 is set as an inclined surface for scraping impurities on the grafting knife 10.

[0037] The above scheme proposes a method for measuring the diameter of the rootstock and fixing the device, so that the angle of the grafting knife 10 can be adjusted according to the diameter of the rootstock; the inner side of the fixing plate 23 is set to a rubber material and is in an arc shape, which is used to increase the friction between the fixing plate 23 and the rootstock, so that it can better fix the device on the rootstock and reduce the squeezing effect on the rootstock; the second elastic member 31 is a tension spring, which is used to reset the grafting knife 10; the inclined portion on the lower side of the deflection sleeve 7 is made of a hard plastic material, so as to reduce the amount of impurities adhering to the deflection sleeve 7.

[0038] As Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 10 shown, it further includes: a mounting shell 41 fixedly connected to the inner frame 1, with a sliding groove 42 and an offset groove 43 provided on the mounting shell 41; a limiting block 44 fixedly connected to the sliding shell 5, with two protrusions provided on the limiting block 44, and the two protrusions on the limiting block 44 are respectively slid in the sliding groove 42 and the offset groove 43, and the rotation center of the universal joint between the transmission column 3 and the spline column 4 is on the same straight line as the center of the arc groove on the offset groove 43.

[0039] The above proposes a method of squeezing the epidermis of the rootstock after the grafting knife 10 finishes cutting, which is used to increase the cutting surface, so that it is more convenient for the user to insert the bud piece into the cutting surface of the rootstock; the sliding groove 42 is a straight groove, the offset groove 43 is composed of a straight groove and an arc groove, and the center of the arc groove on the offset groove 43 is the lower end of the sliding groove 42.

[0040] Working principle: When using this device to graft trees, the user first pre-cuts the bud piece with a small knife to expose the cambium of the bud piece, and then places this device at the grafting position of the rootstock. After that, the user pushes the handle 22 inward to make the two handles 22 move towards each other. During the movement of the two handles 22 (taking the front handle 22 as an example below), the handle 22 drives the fixed plate 23 to move backward through the first sliding block 21, the first sliding block 21 drives the rack 24 to move backward, the rack 24 drives the transmission column 3 to rotate through the spur gear 25, the transmission column 3 drives the spline column 4 to rotate through the universal joint, the spline column 4 drives the worm gear 8 to rotate through the worm 9, the worm gear 8 drives the deflection sleeve 7 to rotate, the deflection sleeve 7 drives the second elastic member 31 and the grafting knife 10 to rotate. In the case where the diameter of the rootstock becomes thinner, the deflection sleeve 7 rotates counterclockwise (the direction below is based on Figure 2 as an example), the deflection sleeve 7 drives the grafting knife 10 to rotate counterclockwise, so that the grafting knife 10 gradually becomes vertical (when the diameter of the rootstock is larger, the swing angle of the grafting knife 10 is smaller, and the angle between the grafting knife 10 and the horizontal plane is smaller; when the diameter of the rootstock is smaller, the swing angle of the grafting knife 10 is larger, and the angle between the grafting knife 10 and the horizontal plane is larger), so as to adjust the cutting angle of the deflection sleeve 7 according to the diameter of the rootstock, make the grafting knife 10 cut according to the angle defined by the deflection sleeve 7, thereby making the cutting angle of the rootstock adapt to the diameter of the rootstock, reducing the influence of the wood layer thickness on the cutting, increasing the area of the cambium on the cutting surface of the rootstock, increasing the contact area of the cambium between the cutting surface of the bud piece and the cutting surface of the rootstock, and thus improving the grafting survival rate.

[0041] During the backward movement of the fixing plate 23, the fixing plate 23 contacts and presses the rootstock, fixing the device at the grafting position of the rootstock. Then, the user pushes the pressing plate 11 downward. The pressing plate 11 slides downward, driving the grafting knife 10 to slide downward (at this time, the pressing plate 11 does not contact the deflection sleeve 7), and the second elastic member 31 is gradually stretched. A relative displacement occurs between the grafting knife 10 and the deflection sleeve 7. As the pressing plate 11 slides downward, when the pressing plate 11 contacts the deflection sleeve 7, the relative displacement between the grafting knife 10 and the deflection sleeve 7 stops, and the second elastic member 31 stops stretching and remains in the stretched state. The grafting knife 10 maintains its maximum extended length unchanged. The pressing plate 11 drives the sliding shell 5 to move downward through the deflection sleeve 7, and the pressing plate 11 starts to drive the sliding shell 5 and its internal parts to move downward together. The sliding shell 5 slides relative to the inner frame 1, and the first elastic member 6 is gradually stretched and stores energy. The two protrusions on the limit block 44 slide downward along the adjacent sliding groove 42 and offset groove 43 respectively until the grafting knife 10 contacts the rootstock, and then the grafting knife 10 cuts the rootstock at the adjusted angle. After cutting to the set depth, the protrusion on the limit block 44 that slides in the sliding groove 42 reaches the lower end of the sliding groove 42, and the protrusion on the limit block 44 that slides in the offset groove 43 reaches the connection between the straight groove and the arc groove of the offset groove 43.

[0042] After cutting to the set depth, the operator continues to push the pressing plate 11 downward. The protrusion on the limit block 44 that slides in the sliding groove 42 is limited by the sliding groove 42, and the protrusion on the limit block 44 that slides in the offset groove 43 continues to slide along the arc groove of the offset groove 43. The limit block 44 rotates with the lower end of the sliding groove 42 as the center under the action of the two protrusions on both sides. The limit block 44 drives the sliding shell 5 to rotate. At this time, the grafting knife 10 is at the adjusted angle and remains unchanged, and the lower side of the grafting knife 10 is located above the lower end of the sliding groove 42. During the rotation of the sliding shell 5, the sliding shell 5 drives the grafting knife 10 to rotate. The grafting knife 10 deflects to the right, and the angle of deflection of the lower side of the grafting knife 10 is smaller than the angle of deflection of its outer side, so as to squeeze the rootstock with the grafting knife 10, increase the gap between the cutting surfaces of the rootstock, and then help the user insert the bud piece conveniently, reduce the grafting time, and improve the grafting speed. Then, the user inserts the bud piece along the cutting surface, releases the pressing plate 11, and the second elastic member 31 drives the grafting knife 10 to reset, and the grafting knife 10 retracts into the deflection sleeve 7. The first elastic member 6 drives the sliding shell 5 to move upward, and the sliding shell 5 drives the pressing plate 11 and its internal parts to move upward and gradually reset. During the process of the grafting knife 10 retracting into the deflection sleeve 7, the grafting knife 10 is squeezed by the lower inclined surface of the deflection sleeve 7, so that the deflection sleeve 7 has a scraping effect on the grafting knife 10, thereby reducing impurities such as sap adhered to the grafting knife 10, reducing the pollution of the cutting surface of the rootstock caused by impurities such as sap adhered to the grafting knife 10 during the next use of the grafting knife 10, and reducing the oxidation effect of the sap on the grafting knife 10, and prolonging the service life of the grafting knife 10.

[0043] During the upward movement of the sliding shell 5, the protrusion on the limiting block 44 that slides within the sliding groove 42 remains stationary at the lower end of the sliding groove 42, and the protrusion on the limiting block 44 that slides within the offset groove 43 slides along the arc-shaped groove on the offset groove 43, causing the limiting block 44 to rotate and reset under the action of the protrusions on both sides. The limiting block 44 drives the sliding shell 5 to rotate, and the sliding shell 5 drives the parts inside it to rotate. When the protrusion on the limiting block 44 that slides within the offset groove 43 reaches the connection between the straight groove and the arc-shaped groove on the offset groove 43, the protrusion on the limiting block 44 that slides within the offset groove 43 and the protrusion on the limiting block 44 that slides within the sliding groove 42 move upward together. When the protrusion on the limiting block 44 that slides within the offset groove 43 reaches the upper end of the straight groove in the offset groove 43 (the protrusion on the limiting block 44 that slides within the sliding groove 42 is at the upper end of the sliding groove 42), the limiting block 44 completes the reset. At this time, the first elastic member 6 and the second elastic member 31 return to their initial positions. After the sliding shell 5 completes the reset, the user cancels the squeezing force on the handle 22 and pulls the two handles 22 to move forward and backward respectively, thereby causing the two racks 24 to move away from each other. The rack 24 drives the worm 9 to rotate through the spur gear 25, and the worm 9 drives the deflecting sleeve 7 to rotate through the worm gear 8 and completes the rotational reset of the deflecting sleeve 7, completing the reset action. After completing all the reset operations, the user moves the device away from the stock and performs subsequent film-wrapping operations on the grafting site, and repeats the above usage process to perform batch grafting operations on the stock and the bud chip.

[0044] When performing a large number of grafting tasks, the bud chips are mainly uniformly processed by hand, and the thickness, length, and width of the bud chips are all standard values to maximize the survival rate of grafting.

[0045] Embodiment 2: On the basis of Embodiment 1, as Figure 2 and Figures 9-12 shown, it further includes: a second sliding block 51, slidably connected to the mounting shell 41. The mounting shell 41 is provided with a limiting groove, and the second sliding block 51 slides within the limiting groove on the mounting shell 41. A third elastic member 52 is fixedly connected between the second sliding block 51 and the mounting shell 41; a fixing ring 53, fixedly connected to the second sliding block 51. The fixing ring 53 is rotatably connected to a rotating ring 54, and a channel is provided within the fixing ring 53. The channel within the fixing ring 53 is composed of a straight pipe and an arc-shaped pipe.

[0046] The above-mentioned proposes a method for fixing and rotating the bud slice to adjust the angle of the bud slice, reduce the damage to the bud slice during cutting, and increase the contact area between the bud slice and the cambium on the cutting surface of the rootstock; the third elastic member 52 is a spring for driving the second sliding block 51 to reset; both the fixing ring 53 and the rotating ring 54 have notches for the user to place the bud slice into the rotating ring 54 from the notch. The rotating ring 54 is an elastic ring that can apply an extrusion force to the bud slice and pre-fix it to prevent the bud slice from falling off. Initially, the rotating ring 54 is in a horizontal state for the grafting knife 10 to cut the bud slice, so that the cutting surface on the bud slice is at the same angle as the cutting surface of the rootstock, thereby reducing the extrusion force during cutting and increasing the grafting survival rate.

[0047] As Figures 2-4 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10 shown, it further includes: a U-shaped frame 61 fixedly connected to one side of the deflection sleeve 7 close to the fixing ring 53. The U-shaped frame 61 is rotatably connected to an L-shaped block 62. The L-shaped block 62 is slidably connected to the sliding shell 5 and is also slidably connected to the inner frame 1. The L-shaped block 62 is fixedly connected to a pressing shell 63.

[0048] The above-mentioned scheme proposes a method for adjusting the distance between the pressing shell 63 and the rotating ring 54 to adjust the extrusion depth of the bud slice, so as to match the bud slice with the cutting surface of the rootstock and reduce the extrusion damage to the bud slice; the L-shaped block 62 has two rotating shafts. One rotating shaft is the rotating shaft on the U-shaped frame 61, and the other rotating shaft is the rotating shaft that slides along the inner frame 1. The two rotating shafts limit the moving and rotating directions of the L-shaped block 62. One side of the L-shaped block 62 close to the U-shaped frame 61 is provided with a straight surface and an inclined surface. The inclined surface on the U-shaped frame 61 is used to push and limit the extrusion block 81, and the straight surface on the U-shaped frame 61 is used to keep limiting the extrusion block 81 during the downward movement of the L-shaped block 62.

[0049] As Figure 2 and Figures 9-12 shown, it further includes: a fixing block 71 fixedly connected to the fixing ring 53. The fixing block 71 is provided with a communicating groove, and the communicating groove on the fixing block 71 is communicated with the channel in the fixing ring 53. An extrusion column 72 is slidably connected in the communicating groove of the fixing block 71. A fourth elastic member 73 is fixedly connected between the extrusion column 72 and the fixing ring 53. An extrusion block 81 is fixedly connected to the side of the extrusion column 72 away from the fourth elastic member 73. The L-shaped block 62 is used to push the extrusion block 81. A fifth elastic member 83 is fixedly connected to the rotating ring 54. A transmission rope 82 is fixedly connected between the extrusion column 72 and the fifth elastic member 83. The elastic coefficient of the fourth elastic member 73 is greater than that of the fifth elastic member 83.

[0050] The above solution proposes a method for adjusting the angle of the rotating ring 54 to change the angle of the rotating ring 54 according to the change in the diameter of the rootstock, reducing the extrusion force when the bud chip is inserted into the cutting surface on the rootstock; the fourth elastic member 73 is a spring for driving the extrusion block 81 to reset; the extrusion block 81 is provided with an inclined surface to facilitate the extrusion of the extrusion block 81 by the L-shaped block 62; the fifth elastic member 83 is a torsion spring for driving the rotating ring 54 to rotate. The fifth elastic member 83 is in a preloaded state in its initial state, and the transmission rope 82 is initially in a taut state.

[0051] As Figures 9-14 shown, a lifting rod 91 is slidably connected to the pressing shell 63. The lifting rod 91 is fixedly connected with a clamping block 92, and a sixth elastic member 93 is arranged between the clamping block 92 and the pressing shell 63. The clamping block 92 is provided with inclined grooves 94 distributed at intervals. The pressing shell 63 is slidably connected with clamping plates 95 distributed at intervals. A seventh elastic member 97 is arranged between the clamping plates 95 and the pressing shell 63. The clamping plates 95 slide in the adjacent inclined grooves 94. The second sliding block 51 is fixedly connected with a receiving block 96, and the receiving block 96 is used for extruding the lifting rod 91.

[0052] The above proposes a method for clamping the bud chip to clamp the bud chip and make it enter the cutting surface of the rootstock; sliding holes are arranged on both the front and rear sides of the pressing shell 63. The sliding holes on the pressing shell 63 are used for limiting the lifting rod 91 so that the lifting rod 91 can only move up and down along the sliding holes on the pressing shell 63; rolling wheels are arranged on both the front and rear sides of the lifting rod 91. The rolling wheels on the lifting rod 91 are used for reducing the wear between the lifting rod 91 and the receiving block 96; the sixth elastic member 93 is a spring for resetting the clamping block 92; rubber pads are arranged on the opposite sides of the two clamping plates 95 for reducing the extrusion damage to the bud chip; the seventh elastic member 97 is a spring for resetting the clamping plates 95.

[0053] Working principle: After the device is fixed on the rootstock, the user places the bud chip into the rotating ring 54. The rotating ring 54 pre-fixes the bud chip. At this time, the rotating ring 54 is in a horizontal state (the elastic coefficient of the fourth elastic member 73 is greater than that of the fifth elastic member 83, so initially the rotating ring 54 can maintain a horizontal state). During the counterclockwise rotation of the deflecting sleeve 7, the deflecting sleeve 7 drives the lower side of the U-shaped frame 61 to move, causing the U-shaped frame 61 to swing counterclockwise along its connection with the sliding shell 5 (the following directions are all based on Figure 10For example), the overlapping area of the lower inclined surface of the L-shaped block 62 and the upper inclined surface of the extrusion block 81 in the vertical direction gradually decreases. The U-shaped frame 61 drives the L-shaped block 62 to rotate counterclockwise (at this time, the shaft of the L-shaped block 62 sliding along the inner frame 1 is limited by the sliding shell 5, so that the L-shaped block 62 can only rotate and cannot move downward). The L-shaped block 62 drives the pressing shell 63 to rotate counterclockwise, and the distance between the pressing shell 63 and the rotating ring 54 decreases. Furthermore, the distance between the pressing shell 63 and the bud piece on the rotating ring 54 decreases. When the angle adjustment of the deflecting sleeve 7 is completed, the pressing shell 63 stops rotating and maintains this state. Then, the user pushes the pressing plate 11, and the grafting knife 10 gradually extends. When the grafting knife 10 finishes extending, the pressing plate 11 contacts the deflecting sleeve 7 and drives the sliding shell 5 and the grafting knife 10 to move downward. The sliding shell 5 drives the deflecting sleeve 7 to move downward. The deflecting sleeve 7 drives the L-shaped block 62 to move downward through the U-shaped frame 61. The L-shaped block 62 moves downward while maintaining the state after angle adjustment. The L-shaped block 62 gradually contacts and pushes the extrusion block 81. After being pressed, the extrusion block 81 moves leftward. The extrusion block 81 pushes the extrusion column 72 to move leftward. At this time, the fourth elastic member 73 is gradually compressed. When the extrusion column 72 moves leftward and loses the pulling force on the transmission rope 82, the rotating ring 54 rotates clockwise under the action of the fifth elastic member 83. The rotating ring 54 rotates clockwise and starts to wind the transmission rope 82 until the transmission rope 82 is in a taut state again and then stops. The fifth elastic member 83 drives the rotating ring 54 to rotate clockwise. As the L-shaped block 62 and the extrusion block 81 move relative to each other, when the lower inclined surface of the U-shaped frame 61 loses contact with the inclined surface of the extrusion block 81, the extrusion block 81 stops moving, completing the angle adjustment of the bud piece, reducing the friction influence of the cutting surface of the rootstock on the bud piece during subsequent bud piece insertion, improving the grafting quality, and increasing the grafting survival rate.

[0054] During the swinging process of the L-shaped block 62 described above, the overlapping area of the lower inclined surface of the L-shaped block 62 and the upper inclined surface of the extrusion block 81 in the vertical direction gradually decreases, and the distance that the L-shaped block 62 drives the extrusion block 81 to move leftward gradually decreases, thereby making the rotation angle of the rotating ring 54 smaller.

[0055] After the angle adjustment of the bud piece is completed, the extrusion block 81 slides from the lower inclined surface of the L-shaped block 62 to the lower straight surface of the L-shaped block 62. The L-shaped block 62 continues to push the extrusion block 81. At this time, the L-shaped block 62 extrudes the extrusion block 81 (the lower straight surface of the L-shaped block 62 maintains the left-right limit of the extrusion block 81), so that the extrusion block 81 drives the fixed ring 53 to move downward through the extrusion column 72. The fixed ring 53 drives the second sliding block 51 and the rotating ring 54 to move downward. The second sliding block 51 slides downward along the installation shell 41, and the third elastic member 52 is gradually compressed. When the second sliding block 51 reaches the bottom of the limit groove in the installation shell 41, the limit groove in the installation shell 41 limits the second sliding block 51. At this time, the third elastic member 52 is in a compressed state. The grafting knife 10 cuts the rootstock to the maximum depth and forms an incision. The bud piece is inserted into the incision of the rootstock. The protrusion on the limiting block 44 that slides in the offset groove 43 reaches the connection of the straight groove and the arc groove on the offset groove 43. The protrusion on the limiting block 44 that slides in the sliding groove 42 is located at the lower end of the sliding groove 42.

[0056] After the limiting groove in the installation shell 41 limits the second sliding block 51, continue to push the pressing plate 11. The protrusion on the limiting block 44 that slides in the offset groove 43 enters the arc groove and slides along the arc groove. During this process, the sliding shell 5 drives the parts on it to rotate clockwise together. The deflecting sleeve 7 drives the grafting knife 10 to rotate clockwise (at this time, the grafting knife 10 remains fixed at the adjusted angle due to the self-locking structure of the worm wheel 8 and the worm 9). The grafting knife 10 squeezes the rootstock, making the cutting opening of the rootstock larger, facilitating the cutting of the bud chip. During the rotation of the deflecting sleeve 7, the deflecting sleeve 7 pulls the lower side of the L-shaped block 62 to move to the right through the U-shaped frame 61 (when the sliding shell 5 rotates, the shaft of the L-shaped block 62 located on the upper side disengages from the sliding shell 5, that is, the sliding shell 5 loses the block on the L-shaped block 62 in the up and down directions). The shaft of the L-shaped block 62 that slides in the inner frame 1 slides downward. At this time, the straight surface on the lower side of the L-shaped block 62 gradually moves away from the pressing block 81 (since the bud chip has entered the rootstock incision, the bud chip no longer rotates with the rotating ring 54). The L-shaped block 62 drives the pressing shell 63 to gradually move downward. The pressing shell 63 drives the lifting rod 91 to move downward. The lifting rod 91 gradually contacts the receiving block 96 (since the distance between the pressing shell 63 and the rotating ring 54 gradually changes, the contact duration between the pressing shell 63 and the rotating ring 54 changes). The receiving block 96 exerts pressure on the lifting rod 91, causing the lifting rod 91 to slide relative to the pressing shell 63. The lifting rod 91 and the pressing shell 63 move relative to each other. The lifting rod 91 drives the clamping block 92 to move upward. At this time, the sixth elastic member 93 is in a compressed state. The clamping block 92 drives the inclined groove 94 to move upward. The two clamping plates 95 move inward under the action of the adjacent inclined grooves 94 on the clamping block 92. At this time, the seventh elastic member 97 is in a compressed state. The clamping plates 95 move inward and clamp the bud chip. The bud chip clamped by the clamping plates 95, under the action of the counterclockwise rotation of the L-shaped block 62, overcomes the squeezing force of the rotating ring 54 on the bud chip and moves downward, inserting the bud chip into the rootstock cutting surface at the adjusted angle. At this time, the rootstock squeezes the bud chip. When the protrusion on the limiting block 44 that slides in the offset groove 43 reaches the lower end of the arc groove, the sliding shell 5 stops rotating and completes the cutting action.

[0057] After completing the cutting action, the user releases the pressing plate 11. The sliding shell 5 moves upward under the action of the first elastic member 6. The sliding shell 5 drives the L-shaped block 62 to move upward through the U-shaped frame 61. The L-shaped block 62 drives the pressing shell 63 to move upward. At this time, the receiving block 96 loses the extrusion on the lifting rod 91. The sixth elastic member 93 drives the clamping block 92 to reset. The clamping block 92 drives the lifting rod 91 and the inclined groove 94 to reset. The inclined groove 94 resets and thus loses the extrusion force on the clamping plate 95. The clamping plate 95 cancels the clamping of the bud chip. The extrusion force of the cutting part of the rootstock on the bud chip overcomes the extrusion force of the rotating ring 54 on the bud chip and fixes the bud chip in the cutting part of the rootstock. The seventh elastic member 97 drives the clamping plate 95 to reset. The fourth elastic member 73 pushes the extrusion block 81 to reset through the extrusion column 72. The extrusion block 81 moves outward and pulls the transmission rope 82. The rotating ring 54 rotates counterclockwise under the action of the fifth elastic member 83. The rotating ring 54 rotates counterclockwise and releases the transmission rope 82. The transmission rope 82 gradually resets and stops when it is in a taut state again. At this time, the rotating ring 54 rotates back to the initial state. The third elastic member 52 drives the second sliding block 51 to move upward. The second sliding block 51 drives the parts thereon to move upward, thereby completing the reset operation of the second sliding block 51. After that, the user pulls the handle 22 outward and repeats the above reset process to separate the device from the rootstock. The user moves the device away from the rootstock and performs subsequent film-wrapping operations on the grafting part. Repeat the above usage process to perform batch grafting operations on the rootstock.

[0058] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grafting device for fruit tree breeding, characterized by comprising: an inner frame (1), two outer frames (2) are fixedly connected to the inner frame (1), two driving columns (3) are rotatably connected to the inner frame (1), spline columns (4) are arranged on the driving columns (3), the driving columns (3) and the spline columns (4) are connected by a universal joint, two spline columns (4) jointly slideably connect a sliding shell (5), the spline columns (4) penetrate through the sliding shell (5), a first elastic member (6) is fixedly connected between the sliding shell (5) and the inner frame (1), the sliding shell (5) is rotatably connected to a deflection sleeve (7), worm wheels (8) are fixedly connected to both sides of the deflection sleeve (7), a worm (9) is slideably connected to the spline column (4), the worm wheels (8) and the worm (9) are meshed, a grafting knife (10) is slideably connected to the deflection sleeve (7), a pressing plate (11) is slideably connected to the sliding shell (5), and the grafting knife (10) and the pressing plate (11) are rotatably connected; a positioning component, the number of which is the same as that of the outer frames (2), is arranged on adjacent outer frames (2) for positioning the part of the rootstock to be grafted.

2. The grafting device for fruit tree breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning component includes: A first sliding block (21), which is slideably connected inside the outer frame (2), a handle (22) is fixedly connected to one side of the first sliding block (21), a fixing plate (23) is fixedly connected to the other side of the first sliding block (21), a rack (24) is fixedly connected to the side of the first sliding block (21) close to the inner frame (1), a spur gear (25) is fixedly connected to the driving column (3), and the spur gear (25) is meshed with the rack (24).

3. A grafting device for fruit tree breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second elastic member (31) is fixedly connected between the sliding shell (5) and the grafting knife (10), and the side of the deflection sleeve (7) away from the pressing plate (11) is set as an inclined surface for scraping impurities on the grafting knife (10).

4. The grafting device for fruit tree breeding according to claim 1 is characterized in that, It further includes: An installation shell (41), which is fixedly connected to the inner frame (1), and a sliding groove (42) and an offset groove (43) are arranged on the installation shell (41); A limiting block (44), which is fixedly connected to the sliding shell (5), two protrusions are arranged on the limiting block (44), and the two protrusions on the limiting block (44) are respectively slideably arranged in the sliding groove (42) and the offset groove (43).

5. The grafting device for fruit tree breeding according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotation center of the universal joint between the driving column (3) and the spline column (4) is on the same straight line as the center of the arc-shaped groove on the offset groove (43).

6. The grafting device for fruit tree breeding according to claim 4, characterized in that, It further includes: A second sliding block (51), which is slideably connected to the installation shell (41), a limiting groove is arranged on the installation shell (41), and the second sliding block (51) is slideably arranged in the limiting groove on the installation shell (41), A third elastic member (52) is fixedly connected between the second sliding block (51) and the installation shell (41); a fixing ring (53), which is fixedly connected to the second sliding block (51), a rotating ring (54) is rotatably connected to the fixing ring (53), and a channel is arranged inside the fixing ring (53).

7. The grafting device for fruit tree breeding according to claim 6, characterized in that, It further includes: The U-shaped frame (61) is fixedly connected to one side of the deflection sleeve (7) close to the fixed ring (53). The U-shaped frame (61) is rotatably connected to an L-shaped block (62). The L-shaped block (62) is slidably connected to the sliding shell (5), the L-shaped block (62) is slidably connected to the inner frame (1), and the L-shaped block (62) is fixedly connected to a pressing shell (63).

8. The grafting device for fruit tree breeding according to claim 7, characterized in that, It further includes: A fixed block (71) is fixedly connected to the fixed ring (53). A communication groove is provided on the fixed block (71). The communication groove on the fixed block (71) is communicated with the channel in the fixed ring (53). An extrusion column (72) is slidably connected in the communication groove of the fixed block (71). A fourth elastic member (73) is fixedly connected between the extrusion column (72) and the fixed ring (53).

9. The grafting device for fruit tree breeding according to claim 8, characterized in that, One side of the extrusion column (72) away from the fourth elastic member (73) is fixedly connected to an extrusion block (81). The L-shaped block (62) is used for extruding the extrusion block (81). A fifth elastic member (83) is fixedly connected between the fixed ring (53) and the rotating ring (54). A transmission rope (82) is fixedly connected between the extrusion column (72) and the rotating ring (54).

10. The grafting device for fruit tree breeding according to claim 8, characterized in that, A lifting rod (91) is slidably connected to the pressing shell (63). The lifting rod (91) is fixedly connected to a clamping block (92). A sixth elastic member (93) is provided between the clamping block (92) and the pressing shell (63). The clamping block (92) is provided with inclined grooves (94) distributed at intervals. The pressing shell (63) is slidably connected to clamping plates (95) distributed at intervals. A seventh elastic member (97) is provided between the clamping plates (95) and the pressing shell (63). The clamping plates (95) slide in the adjacent inclined grooves (94). The second sliding block (51) is fixedly connected to a receiving block (96). The receiving block (96) is used for extruding the lifting rod (91).

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