Rice-soft-shelled turtle-shrimp three-line synergistic planting and breeding method based on ecological niche complementation

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation, and particularly relates to a rice-soft-shelled turtle-shrimp three-line synergistic planting and breeding method based on ecological niche complementation. The method comprises the following specific steps: S1, rice field selection and environment construction; S2, circular trench disinfection; planting aquatic plants 7 days after disinfection, wherein the coverage rate of the aquatic plants is 30-40%; s3, a shrimp culture stage: putting eggs-carrying shrimps in August of the first year, and supplementing and putting shrimp seeds according to the shrimp seed density in the rice field in March of the second year; s4, in mid-to-late May, rice of a middle-season rice variety is selected to be planted in a wide-narrow row rice transplanting mode, the water level in the tillering stage is 5-10 cm, the water level in the booting stage is 15-20 cm, and disease prevention and control are conducted; s5, 15-20 days after rice transplanting, disinfected male soft-shelled turtle fries are put according to the proportion that 50 soft-shelled turtle fries are put per mu; s6, a comprehensive management stage; and S7, a cyclic utilization stage. According to the rice, soft-shelled turtle and shrimp comprehensive planting and breeding method, through efficient utilization of resources, multiple harvest in one field is achieved, and economic benefits and ecological benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a three-line collaborative planting and breeding method of rice-turtle-shrimp based on niche complementarity. Background Art

[0002] Traditional models mostly involve single rice planting or single aquaculture. There is no collaborative cooperation among rice, turtles, and shrimps, resulting in serious waste of land and water resources and poor ecological benefits. Taking the biological chain relationship as an example, although shrimp and rice are co-cultured in existing aquaculture models, the comprehensive utilization of space is poor. At the same time, by-products such as rice husks, turtle feces, and straw are either discarded or composted randomly, without forming a scientific and efficient recycling, wasting precious resources.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a three-line collaborative planting and breeding method of rice-turtle-shrimp based on niche complementarity to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the defects in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a three-line collaborative planting and breeding method of rice-turtle-shrimp based on niche complementarity. The integrated planting and breeding of rice, turtles, and shrimps in the present invention realizes "multiple harvests in one field" through efficient utilization of resources, improving economic and ecological benefits.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A three-line collaborative planting and breeding method of rice-turtle-shrimp based on niche complementarity, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Paddy field selection and environmental construction:

[0008] 1.1 Paddy field selection: Select 10-15 mu of contiguous paddy fields with a soil pH value of 6.5-7.5, meeting the NY / T5361 standard, with fresh and pollution-free water quality, abundant water volume, sufficient water source, and convenient drainage and irrigation;

[0009] 1.2 Ring ditch excavation: Excavate a 1-2 m wide ring ditch for turtles to inhabit from the inner side of the paddy field ridge towards the paddy field, with a ditch depth of 1-1.2 m. The area of the ring ditch accounts for 10% of the total area of the paddy field. Use the soil excavated from the ring ditch to widen, heighten, and reinforce the ridge. The height of the transformed ridge should be 0.6-0.8 m higher than the paddy field surface, the width of the ridge surface is greater than 1.5 m, and the slope ratio of the ridge is preferably 1:1.2;

[0010] 1.3 Cross ditch excavation: Excavate a 1 m wide and 0.8 m deep cross ditch for shrimp activities in the paddy field, and the cross ditch is connected to the ring ditch to form a "field" - shaped waterway;

[0011] 1.4. Excavate the temporary rearing ditch: Excavate a temporary rearing ditch with a width of 1.5 m and a depth of 0.6 m outside or inside the paddy field for temporarily storing shrimp fry and soft-shelled turtles to be stored and transported out.

[0012] 1.5. Facility construction:

[0013] Escape prevention facility: Use an escape prevention structure to surround the ridge of the paddy field, and set the turning points in an arc shape.

[0014] Bait drying platform: Set up a (2 m × 0.5 m) bait drying platform every 10 m on the sunny slope of the ditch. It is built with cement slabs or wooden boards, inclined at 10° into the water. One long side of the bait drying platform is placed on the ridge of the ring ditch, and the other end is submerged 0.1 m into the water.

[0015] S2. Ecological regulation stage: Disinfect the ring ditch; plant aquatic plants 7 days after disinfection, and the coverage rate of aquatic plants is 30 - 40%.

[0016] S3. Shrimp farming stage: Release egg-carrying shrimp in August of the first year, control the water level at 60 - 80 cm, and the feeding rate at 4%; starting from March of the second year, supplement and release shrimp fry according to the density of shrimp fry in the paddy field, control the water level at 30 - 50 cm, and the feeding rate at 3%.

[0017] S4. Rice planting stage: In the middle and late May (average daily temperature 18 - 25 °C, water temperature > 18 °C), select medium-season rice varieties and plant them in a wide-narrow row transplanting method. The water level during the tillering stage is 5 - 10 cm, and the water level during the booting stage is 15 - 20 cm, and disease prevention and control are carried out.

[0018] S5. Soft-shelled turtle farming stage: Release disinfected male soft-shelled turtle fry (400 - 600 g / each) at a rate of 50 per mu 15 - 20 days after transplanting; use an automatic feeding machine to feed artificial feed (2 - 3% of body weight per day) within 10 - 15 days after releasing the soft-shelled turtle fry, and use special feed (1 - 3% of body weight per day) and biological bait for feeding in the later stage.

[0019] S6. Comprehensive management stage: Check the escape prevention facilities and detect water quality parameters every day, and carry out disease prevention and control; harvest rice in mid-October, leaving a stubble of 40 cm; catch soft-shelled turtles in mid-November; catch crayfish in May.

[0020] S7. Recycling stage: Crush the collected rice husks and use them as an additive for shrimp feed, and the addition amount ≤ 5%; crush the rice straw and evenly spread it back to the field.

[0021] Preferably, the ring ditch is a four-sided ring ditch or a special-shaped ditch, which should be adjusted according to local conditions and comply with the provisions of SC / T 1135.1.

[0022] Preferably, the anti-escape facility is constructed using cement tiles, fiberglass or film, which are buried 30cm-40cm in the soil of the field ridge, 50cm-60cm above the ground, and fixed with a wooden stake every 80cm-100cm.

[0023] Preferably, the facility construction includes the setting of a water inlet and outlet system, the water inlet and outlet of the water inlet and outlet system are set diagonally, the water inlet is provided with a 60-80 mesh filter to prevent wild fish and fish eggs from entering; the outlet is provided with a 20-40 mesh dense net to prevent shrimp from escaping.

[0024] Preferably, the ring ditch is disinfected with a disinfectant made of 75-100 kg / mu of quicklime or 10 kg of bleaching powder; the species of aquatic plants are one or more of waterweed, Hydrilla verticillata, Elodea and water peanut.

[0025] Preferably, rice is selected from medium-season rice varieties that are resistant to diseases and pests, resistant to lodging, highly tolerant to fertilizers, of high quality, can be deeply irrigated, and have a moderate plant shape; the wide row width for wide-narrow row transplanting is 40 cm, and the narrow row width is 20 cm; rice diseases include rice blast, sheath blight, seedling blight, and false smut as common diseases, and the resistance of rice can be enhanced by cultivating strong seedlings, reasonably planting densely, scientifically regulating fertilizers and water, timely leaving fields, controlling peak seedlings, and other methods to fundamentally control the occurrence of diseases.

[0026] Preferably, in step S5, the turtle seeds are immersed in 30 mg / L povidone-iodine for 2-4 minutes before being released, which has an antibacterial and bactericidal effect and improves the survival rate of the turtles after they are released; during the breeding of Chinese soft-shelled turtles, monitoring equipment is used to monitor the pH value, dissolved oxygen content and ammonia nitrogen content of the breeding environment of Chinese soft-shelled turtles.

[0027] Preferably, in step S3, after the shrimp fry are added to the rice field, the number of shrimps in the rice field is 5000-8000 per mu.

[0028] Preferably, the first-year shrimp farming method in step S3 is:

[0029] (1) In August of the previous year, the shrimps with eggs were released. The shrimps were selected from lakes, reservoirs and rivers with good ecological environment. The shrimps with eggs were large in size, high in egg carrying capacity, free from diseases and strong in adaptability. Before the shrimps with eggs were released, the shrimps were immersed in a concentration of 10 g / m 3 -15g / m 3 Potassium permanganate solution for 3min-5min; the dosage is 15-25kg / mu;

[0030] (2) From September to November, shrimp seedlings are propagated; in winter, the water level is raised to 1.2 m, and crushed feed is fed every week at a feed rate of 1%;

[0031] Feeding method: In August of the previous year, feed the special feed twice a day. The total daily feeding amount is fed in a ratio of 3:7 in the morning and evening. Feed soybeans, corn or wheat from 7:00 to 8:00 in the morning, and feed the special feed from 17:00 to 18:00 in the evening. The daily feeding rate is 2%-3%. From September to November, feed the special feed once a day, from 17:00 to 18:00 in the evening, and the daily feeding rate is 1%. In winter, apply quick-soluble biological fertilizers in real time to cultivate natural bait and maintain the fertility of the breeding plot. In sunny weather, feed an appropriate amount of crushed feed or suitable special feed;

[0032] In step S3, the feed for adult shrimp farming includes special feed, soybeans, corn or wheat. The special feed includes 30%-32% crude protein and has a particle size of 3mm-5mm.

[0033] The advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] (1) Through the efficient utilization of resources, the integrated farming of rice, soft-shelled turtles and shrimps in the present invention realizes "multiple harvests in one field", improving economic and ecological benefits; at the same time, effectively converting rice straw into feed or fertilizer can reduce the input of costs; after rice harvesting, the remaining rice stubbles serve as natural habitats for soft-shelled turtles, avoiding competition for living space between soft-shelled turtles and shrimps.

[0035] (2) Through the three-groove and three-region three-dimensional space planning of the present invention (the circular groove is the habitat area for soft-shelled turtles, the cross groove optimizes the activity path of shrimps, the temporary rearing groove improves the survival rate of fry, the feeding area, the habitat area, and the purification area), the ecological niche stratification of species is realized, effectively reducing competition, strengthening the biological regulation of the population density of soft-shelled turtles on shrimps, and constructing a stable symbiotic system.

[0036] (3) Through the closed-loop material recycling of the present invention: processing rice husks into shrimp feed additives (with an addition amount of ≤5%), and pulverizing straw and returning it to the field to improve soil fertility, realizing the full quantification and resource utilization of agricultural by-products. Using an intelligent dynamic water level control system (automatically adjusted according to the growth period of rice and the different needs of soft-shelled turtles and shrimps), establishing a plant-animal-microorganism collaborative prevention and control system (using vetiver to attract insects, soft-shelled turtles to control pests, and EM bacteria to purify water quality), the usage amount of chemical agents can be reduced by more than 50%.

[0037] (4) The present invention adopts the alternate wide and narrow row transplanting method; releasing soft-shelled turtle fry and shrimp fry according to the growth cycle of rice can control harmful organisms such as apple snails by using the predation characteristics of soft-shelled turtles, and shrimps can remove the humus at the base of rice; and use sensors to monitor water quality (dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, water temperature) in real time, forming a closed-loop ecological chain of "rice shading - shrimp cleaning residual bait - soft-shelled turtle controlling pests", promoting the improvement of economic benefits and reducing water pollution. Specific implementation method

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] A rice-turtle-shrimp tri-system collaborative breeding method based on niche complementarity, the specific method is as follows:

[0040] 1. Rice field selection and environmental construction

[0041] 1.1 Field selection: Select 10-15 mu of contiguous rice fields with a soil pH of 7, fresh and pollution-free water, sufficient water supply, and convenient irrigation and drainage.

[0042] 1.2 Ring ditch excavation: dig a 1-2 meter wide four-sided ring ditch for turtles to inhabit from the inner side of the rice field ridge to the rice field direction, the ditch depth is 1-1.2 meters, and the ring ditch area accounts for 8% of the total area of the rice field. The soil dug in the ring ditch is used to widen, heighten and reinforce the ridge. The height of the reconstructed ridge is 0.7 meters higher than the field surface, the ridge surface width is 1.5 meters, and the ridge slope ratio is 1:1.2.

[0043] 1.3 Cross ditch: used for shrimp and turtle farming; 1m wide and 0.8m deep, connecting the ring ditch to form a "field" shaped waterway.

[0044] 1.4 Temporary rearing ditch: used for temporary rearing of shrimp fry, 1.5m wide and 0.6m deep;

[0045] 1.5 Facility construction:

[0046] Anti-escape facilities: Anti-escape facilities are made of fiberglass, which is buried 30cm-40cm into the soil of the field ridge, 50cm-60cm above the ground, and fixed with a wooden stake every 80cm-100cm. The four corners of the rice field are set in an arc shape.

[0047] Inlet and outlet are set diagonally, and a 60-80 mesh filter is installed at the water inlet to prevent wild fish and fish eggs from entering; a 20-40 mesh dense net is installed at the outlet to prevent crayfish from escaping.

[0048] Bait drying platform: A 2m×0.5m bait platform is set up every 10m. It is built with cement boards and wooden boards and tilted 10° into the water. It can be used as a sun drying platform for turtles and also as a bait platform.

[0049] 2. Ecological regulation stage

[0050] 2.1 Disinfection: Disinfect the ditch with quicklime (75-100 kg / mu) dissolved in water to make a disinfectant.

[0051] 2.2 Waterweed planting: Potamogeton crispus is planted 7 days after disinfection, with a coverage rate of 35%.

[0052] 3. Shrimp farming stage

[0053] 3.1 Release of berried shrimps (in August of the previous year)

[0054] Selection of berried shrimps: Select berried shrimps with large size, high egg-carrying capacity, no diseases, and strong adaptability;

[0055] Disinfection: Immerse the breeding shrimps in a basket in a potassium permanganate solution with a concentration of 10 g / m 3 -15 g / m 3 for 3 - 5 minutes;

[0056] Release: The release amount is 15 - 25 kg / mu.

[0057] 3.2 Seedling supplement (in March)

[0058] Check the number of shrimp seedlings in the field, supplement seedlings as needed, and control the density at 5,000 - 8,000 tails / mu;

[0059] 3.3 Seedling farming (from April to May)

[0060] Farming management: Water level is 30 - 50 cm, and feeding rate is 3%;

[0061] Feeding management: Feed special feed 2 times a day, and the total feeding amount throughout the day is fed in a ratio of 3:7 in the morning and evening; mainly use special compound pellet feed, with a crude protein content of 31%, a particle size of 4 mm, and appropriately mix with soybeans, corn, or wheat;

[0062] Disease prevention and control: Spray chlorine dioxide (200 g / mu) every 15 days.

[0063] 4. Rice planting stage

[0064] 4.1 Variety selection: Select medium-season rice varieties with resistance to diseases and pests, lodging resistance, strong fertilizer tolerance, excellent rice quality, deep irrigation tolerance, and moderate plant type.

[0065] 4.2 Cultivation management:

[0066] In the middle and late May (when the average daily temperature is 18 - 25°C and the water temperature > 18°C), use wide and narrow row transplanting (wide row 40 cm + narrow row 20 cm).

[0067] Water level control: 5 - 10 cm during the tillering stage and 15 - 20 cm during the booting stage.

[0068] 4.3 Disease prevention and control:

[0069] Enhance the resistance of rice by methods such as cultivating strong seedlings, reasonable close planting, scientific regulation of fertilizer and water, timely field drying, and controlling the peak seedling number.

[0070] 5. Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle Cultivation Stage

[0071] 5.1 Seedling Release:

[0072] Time: 15 - 20 days after transplanting rice seedlings.

[0073] Specification: 50 male soft-shelled turtles (400 - 600 g per turtle) per mu.

[0074] Disinfection: Dilute povidone iodine medicament to 30 mg / L povidone iodine solution, immerse the turtle seeds in the povidone iodine solution for 2 - 4 minutes, then fish them out and release them into the outer pond. During the later management, feed the turtles two days after releasing the seedlings to let the turtles adapt to the environment, which can inhibit bacteria and improve the survival rate of the released turtles.

[0075] 5.2 Feeding Management:

[0076] Adaptation Period: Feed artificial feed within 10 - 15 days after releasing the turtle seeds, and control the feeding amount at 2.5% of the body weight per day.

[0077] Growth Period: Special feed (2% of the body weight per day) + biological bait.

[0078] 5.3 Intelligent Monitoring:

[0079] Water Quality Monitoring: Use Internet of Things sensors to monitor the pH, dissolved oxygen, and ammonia nitrogen in the water in real time; the Internet of Things sensors include a dissolved oxygen probe, an ammonia nitrogen sensor, and a water temperature monitoring module. The data collection frequency is once per hour, and it is linked with a microporous aerator and a solenoid valve for control. When the dissolved oxygen is lower than 4.5 mg / L, the aerator is automatically started, and when the ammonia nitrogen exceeds 0.5 mg / L, the water change system is triggered.

[0080] 6. Comprehensive Management Stage

[0081] 6.1 Daily Inspection:

[0082] Check the escape prevention facilities daily;

[0083] Detect the water quality parameters weekly;

[0084] 6.2 Disease Prevention and Control:

[0085] When the skin ulcer disease is found, locally treat it with 5% brine;

[0086] 6.3 Harvesting Operation:

[0087] Rice: Harvest in mid-October, leaving a stubble of 40 cm;

[0088] Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle: Fish in mid-November;

[0089] Crayfish: Fish in May.

[0090] 7. Recycling stage

[0091] 7.1 Rice husk treatment: After pulverization, it is used as a feed additive (the addition amount is 3%);

[0092] 7.2 Straw returning to the field: After pulverization, it is evenly spread;

[0093] This step can reduce the external input cost by 20%-30%.

[0094] In addition, maintain a shallow water layer (5-20 cm) during the rice growth period; during the overwintering period of soft-shelled turtles, the water depth in the ring ditch is automatically adjusted to be ≥1 m through an intelligent gate. Plant vetiver + sesame insect-trapping belts for plant prevention and control; regularly sprinkle EM bacteria for microbial prevention and control.

[0095] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-line collaborative cultivation method of rice, soft-shelled turtles and shrimps based on niche complementarity, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Paddy field selection and environmental construction: 1.

1. Paddy field selection: Select 10 - 15 mu of contiguous paddy fields with the pH value of the soil being 6.5 - 7.5, fresh and pollution - free water quality, and sufficient water volume. 1.

2. Ring ditch excavation: Excavate a 1 - 2 - meter - wide ring ditch for soft - shelled turtles to inhabit from the inner side of the paddy - field ridge towards the paddy field. The depth of the ditch is 1 - 1.2 meters, and the area of the ring ditch accounts for 10% of the total area of the paddy field. The height of the ridge is 0.6 - 0.8 meters higher than the paddy - field surface, the width of the ridge surface is greater than 1.5 meters, and the slope ratio of the ridge is 1:1.

2. 1.

3. Cross - ditch excavation: Excavate a 1 - meter - wide and 0.8 - meter - deep cross - ditch for shrimp activities in the paddy field, and the cross - ditch is connected to the ring ditch to form a "field" - shaped waterway. 1.

4. Temporary - rearing ditch excavation: Excavate a 1.5 - meter - wide and 0.6 - meter - deep temporary - rearing ditch outside or inside the paddy field for temporarily storing shrimp fry and soft - shelled turtles to be stored and transported out. 1.

5. Facility construction: Escape - prevention facility: Use an escape - prevention structure to surround the ridge, and set the turning points into an arc shape. Bait - drying platform: Set up 1 bait - drying platform every 10 m, built with cement slabs or wooden boards, inclined 10° into the water. One long - side end of the bait - drying platform is placed on the ring - ditch ridge, and the other end is immersed 0.1 m into the water. S2. Ecological regulation stage: Disinfect the ring ditch; plant aquatic plants 7 days after disinfection, and the coverage rate of the aquatic plants is 30 - 40%. S3. Shrimp - farming stage: Release egg - bearing shrimp in August of the first year, control the water level at 60 - 80 cm, and the feeding rate is 4%; starting from March of the second year, supplement and release shrimp fry into the paddy field, control the water level at 30 - 50 cm, and the feeding rate is 3%. S4. Rice - planting stage: In the middle and late May, select medium - season rice varieties and plant them in a wide - narrow - row transplanting method. The water level during the tillering stage is 5 - 10 cm, and the water level during the booting stage is 15 - 20 cm, and carry out disease prevention and control. S5. Chinese - soft - shelled - turtle - farming stage: Release disinfected male soft - shelled - turtle fry (400 - 600 g per turtle) at a rate of 50 turtles per mu 15 - 20 days after transplanting; feed artificial feed within 10 - 15 days after releasing the soft - shelled - turtle fry, and use special feed and biological bait for feeding later. S6. Comprehensive management stage: Check the escape - prevention facilities and detect water - quality parameters every day, and carry out disease prevention and control; harvest rice in mid - October, leaving a stubble of 40 cm; catch Chinese soft - shelled turtles in mid - November; catch crayfish in May. S7. Recycling stage: Crush the collected rice husks and use them as shrimp - feed additives, and the addition amount ≤ 5%; crush the rice straw and evenly spread it back into the field.

2. The rice-turtle-prawn three-line collaborative planting and breeding method based on niche complementarity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ring ditch is a four - sided ring ditch or an irregular - shaped ditch.

3. A rice-turtle-shrimp three-line collaborative planting and breeding method based on niche complementarity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The escape - prevention facility is built with cement tiles or fiberglass reinforced plastics or films. Bury the cement tiles or fiberglass reinforced plastics or films 30 cm - 40 cm into the ridge soil, 50 cm - 60 cm above the ground, and fix them with a wooden stake every 80 cm - 100 cm.

4. A rice-turtle-shrimp three-line collaborative planting and breeding method based on niche complementarity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The facility construction includes the setting of the inlet - and - outlet water system. The inlet and outlet of the inlet - and - outlet water system are set diagonally. The inlet is equipped with a 60 - 80 - mesh filter screen; the outlet is equipped with a 20 - 40 - mesh fine - mesh net.

5. A rice-turtle-shrimp three-line collaborative planting and breeding method based on niche complementarity according to claim 1, characterized in that: Use 75 - 100 kg / mu of quicklime or 10 Kg of bleaching powder in the ring ditch to make a disinfectant solution for disinfection; the varieties of aquatic plants are one or more of Potamogeton crispus, Hydrilla verticillata, Elodea nuttallii, and Alternanthera philoxeroides.

6. The rice-turtle-prawn three-line collaborative farming method based on niche complementarity according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Select medium-season rice varieties that are resistant to diseases and pests, lodging, highly fertilizer-tolerant, have excellent rice quality, can be deeply irrigated, and have a moderate plant type; the width of the wide row for wide-narrow row transplanting is 40 cm, and the width of the narrow row is 20 cm.

7. A rice-turtle-shrimp three-line collaborative planting and breeding method based on niche complementarity according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, before releasing the soft-shelled turtle fry, soak them in 30 mg / L povidone iodine for 2 - 4 minutes; during the soft-shelled turtle farming period, use monitoring equipment to monitor the pH value, dissolved oxygen content, and ammonia nitrogen content of the soft-shelled turtle farming environment.

8. A rice-turtle-shrimp three-line collaborative planting and breeding method based on niche complementarity according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the feed for adult shrimp farming includes special feeds such as soybeans, corn, or wheat. The special feed contains 30% - 32% crude protein and has a particle size of 3 mm - 5 mm.

9. A rice-turtle-shrimp three-line collaborative planting and breeding method based on niche complementarity according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, after supplementary releasing shrimp fry in the paddy field, the number of shrimp in the paddy field is 5,000 - 8,000 tails per mu.