Microwave electrolyte reaction kettle

Abstract

The invention relates to a microwave electrolyte reaction kettle which is externally provided with a microwave generating device, a reaction kettle shell is made of a wave-transparent material, and a concentration meter for measuring the total ion concentration and a display connected with the concentration meter are inserted into a reaction aqueous solution; preferably, a metathesis reaction of an endothermic reaction is carried out in the reaction kettle, and a reaction product contains precipitates or / and gas and even contains no water-insoluble compound. The total ion concentration in the reaction process is measured through the concentration meter, the heating process of a solution can be automatically reflected without a controller, heating can be automatically stopped even after the reaction is completed, the automation degree is improved, and waste of manpower and electric energy is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a container for a chemical reaction and its heating technology. Background Art

[0002] Absorbing materials are special materials that can absorb microwaves. Generally, their interiors are filled with one or more absorbing materials or absorption media. Absorbing materials can convert microwaves into other forms of energy and cause the microwaves to gradually attenuate inside the materials. They can be metallic materials such as steel, and absorbing materials such as carbon-based materials like graphite.

[0003] Wave-transparent materials are special materials that can allow microwaves to penetrate. Wave-transparent materials can maintain the original form of microwaves without causing reflection and absorption of microwaves. Different from absorbing materials, wave-transparent materials usually have a high relative dielectric constant and a low relative conductivity, so they can allow microwaves to penetrate and maintain their original form. We can use polymer materials with different properties as the matrix and make different wave-transparent materials by means of filling, blending ceramic dielectrics, and composite fibers.

[0004] One way of classifying chemical reactions: According to whether ions are involved, they are divided into ionic reactions and non-ionic reactions.

[0005] Among them, the definition of an ionic reaction: A reaction in which ions participate or ions are generated. Ionic reactions can be mainly divided into the following types: 1) Double decomposition reaction: A reaction in which two compounds exchange components to form two other compounds; A reaction in which acids, bases, and salts exchange ions with each other, usually occurring in aqueous solutions because electrolytes dissociate into ions in aqueous solutions. If no insoluble substances, poorly ionized substances, or volatile substances are formed, then the total ion concentration in the aqueous solution before the reaction is relatively high, and the ion concentration is still relatively high after the reaction; If insoluble substances, poorly ionized substances, or volatile substances are formed, then the total ion concentration in the aqueous solution before the reaction is relatively high, but it decreases significantly after the reaction.

[0006] 2) Oxidation-reduction reaction: A reaction involving the transfer of electrons, resulting in a change in the oxidation number of elements. This reaction generally does not occur in aqueous solutions.

[0007] 3) Hydrolysis of salts: A reaction between a weak acid or weak base and a salt in an aqueous solution, promoting the ionization of water; This ionic reaction cannot proceed completely, and the ion concentration is relatively low after the reaction.

[0008] 4) Complexation reaction: A reaction in which ions form complexes with molecules or atoms, forming large ion groups. The ion concentration is not high before the reaction, and the total ion concentration in the aqueous solution is even lower later.

[0009] Another way of classifying chemical reactions: According to whether heat changes occur, they are divided into endothermic reactions and exothermic reactions.

[0010] 1) Common exothermic reactions: Combustion of all combustibles, reactions of all metals with acids, all neutralization reactions, the vast majority of combination reactions, a few decomposition reactions, most displacement reactions, and some double decomposition reactions.

[0011] 2) Common endothermic reactions: Extremely few combination reactions (reaction of CO₂ and C), the vast majority of decomposition reactions, a few displacement reactions [C + H₂O(g), Fe + H₂O(g)], and some double decomposition reactions (reactions of ammonium salts with strong bases). Summary of the Invention

[0012] Object of the Invention: To provide a microwave and dissociation reactor that directly heats chemical media in a solution using the energy of microwaves, has a fast heating rate, and a high heat exchange efficiency.

[0013] Technical Solution: The microwave and dissociation reactor of the present invention is made of a wave-transparent material (such as a high-temperature-resistant polymer material like polyimide, or an inorganic non-metallic material such as ceramic or glass) with a temperature resistance higher than 100 °C (the melting point temperature of an aqueous solution) to form a housing, or has a non-metallic stirring shaft inside. The reaction raw material is a water-soluble electrolyte.

[0014] A microwave generator (capable of generating microwaves or medium-high-frequency alternating current or medium-high-frequency electromagnetic waves) is provided outside the housing. The microwaves pass through the housing to heat the water-soluble electrolyte solution therein, enabling the reaction to proceed smoothly; when the reaction ends, the heating is stopped.

[0015] From the reaction classification in the background technology, it can be seen that the reaction in this reactor is suitable for heating double decomposition reactions. Preferably, the above reaction is an endothermic double decomposition reaction, and heating helps the endothermic reaction to proceed. The formation of ions in its aqueous solution helps the reaction to proceed, and microwave heating of the aqueous solution helps the endothermic reaction to proceed faster.

[0016] Preferably, in the water-soluble electrolyte, a concentration meter for measuring the change in the total ion concentration (the sum of the ion concentrations of all raw materials, intermediate products, and products, not the concentration of a certain ion) in the aqueous solution during the reaction process is inserted. The data measured by the concentration meter can reflect the heating state of the reaction solution in the reaction kettle by the microwave generator; in this system, a controller using conventional technology is not employed.

[0017] It may have a display to connect and transmit the concentration signal of the concentration meter, and dynamically display the data of the total ion concentration during the reaction process, thereby reflecting the dynamic heating power data of the microwave generator.

[0018] More preferably, for the metathesis reaction described above, gases (especially non-polar molecular gases that cannot be heated by microwaves) can be generated or precipitates can be produced; at the beginning of the reaction, the total ion concentration is relatively large, and the microwave generator can generate microwaves to heat the reaction solution in the reaction kettle with a relatively high power, accelerating the reaction; in the later stage of the reaction, the total ion concentration in the aqueous solution decreases, and the microwave generator automatically reduces the heating power of the reaction solution, lowering the temperature of the reaction solution.

[0019] In the product of the metathesis reaction described above, both gases and precipitates are generated; the change in ion concentration before and after such a reaction is obvious from high to low, and the measured value of the concentration meter changes significantly, enabling more sensitive automatic adjustment of the heating process of the aqueous solution; in the later stage of the reaction, the microwave generator rapidly reduces the heating power of the reaction solution.

[0020] More preferably, the equivalents of the raw materials for the metathesis reaction described above are the same, and there are no ionic compounds and covalent compounds soluble in the aqueous solution in the reaction product; at the end of the reaction, the microwave generator will automatically stop heating.

[0021] As this type of reaction proceeds, the electrothermal power and heating effect generated by the microwave generator decrease from high to low, and the consumed electric energy gradually decreases until it stops; at the same time, the decrease in the total ion concentration also indicates that the reaction is proceeding normally until it is basically completed. Even without a controller, this system can automatically measure and judge the heating process of the microwave generator only through the measurement of the total ion concentration by the concentration meter (when the total ion concentration decreases, even if the microwave generator is turned on, the heating power of the aqueous solution gradually decreases, and without ions, it can hardly heat the reaction. For example, in ultrapure water, the concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions are only 10 -7 , and when using microwaves to heat it, the temperature rise is very slow), and from startup to reducing the electric power until stopping heating, basically no manual participation is required.

[0022] Advantageous effects: The present invention uses a microwave heating mode to heat the reaction kettle, eliminating the need for traditional heat exchange equipment such as steam coils. The equipment is light in weight and has a small investment; moreover, there will be no steam heating problems such as running, leaking, dripping, or overflowing.

[0023] Relying on the ionization of electrolytes into ions in the aqueous solution and generating heat and rising temperature under the oscillation of microwaves, since there is no need for heat transfer or heat exchange, the heating and heat transfer efficiency is high, the reaction proceeds faster, and it is especially suitable for endothermic metathesis reactions.

[0024] Especially for reactions that generate gases and precipitates after the reaction, through the change in the total ion concentration during the reaction process, without control components and control programs such as controllers, it can automatically adjust the reaction process and the degree of reaction. Even when the reaction is completed, it can automatically stop heating, reducing the investment in software and hardware such as controllers, and reducing the waste of labor and electric energy. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the reactor of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure, 1 - housing; 2 - non-metallic stirring shaft; 3 - water-soluble electrolyte; 4 - microwave generator (41 - electrode A, 42 - electrode B); 5 - concentration meter; 6 - display. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0027] Example 1: As Figure 1 shown in the microwave electrolyte reactor, the reaction raw material is the water-soluble electrolyte 3. The housing 1 is made of polyimide resin. There is a microwave generator 4 outside the housing 1. The microwave passes through the housing 1 to heat the water-soluble electrolyte 3 solution therein, enabling the reaction to proceed smoothly.

[0028] In the reaction aqueous solution, a concentration meter 5 is inserted; there is also a display 6; the concentration meter 5 is connected and transmits the concentration signal to the display 6; by measuring the change in the total ion concentration in the aqueous solution before and after the reaction with the concentration meter 5, the microwave generator 4 is automatically adjusted to generate microwaves with different powers to heat the reaction solution in the reactor to different degrees.

[0029] Example 2: As Figure 1 described in the microwave electrolyte reactor, or an internal non-metallic stirring shaft 2 is provided. The reaction raw material is the water-soluble electrolyte 3. The housing 1 is made of a high-temperature-resistant polyimide wave-transmitting material. There is a microwave generator 4 outside the housing 1. The microwave passes through the housing 1 to heat the water-soluble electrolyte 3 solution therein, enabling the reaction to proceed smoothly.

[0030] A concentration meter 5 is inserted into the reaction aqueous solution, and there is also a display 6. The concentration meter 5 is connected and transmits the concentration signal to the display 6.

[0031] The double decomposition reaction carried out in the reactor is an endothermic reaction. Only gas and precipitate are produced in the reaction products, no new soluble compounds are produced, and the equivalents of the reaction raw materials are the same, the reaction is complete, and there are no ionic substances in the aqueous solution after the reaction, which is basically pure water. Depending on the numerical change in the total ion concentration measured by the concentration meter 5 before and after the reaction, the display 6 shows the total ion concentration data in the reaction solution. As the displayed data gradually decreases, the electrothermal effect generated by the microwave generator 4 decreases from high to low, and the consumed electric energy gradually decreases until it stops.

Claims

1. A microwave electrolyte reactor, or an internal non-metal stirring shaft (2) is provided. The reaction raw materials in the reactor are water-soluble electrolytes (3), and a double decomposition reaction of endothermic reaction is carried out. The reactor is made of a temperature-resistant and wave-transmitting material as the shell (1), and a microwave generator (4) is arranged outside the shell (1). Microwaves pass through the shell (1) to heat the water-soluble electrolyte (3) solution therein, so that the reaction proceeds smoothly. It is characterized in that: The wave-transmitting material is a temperature-resistant polymer material, or an inorganic material such as ceramics or glass; In the water-soluble electrolyte, a concentration meter (5) for measuring the change in the total ion concentration in the aqueous solution during the reaction process is inserted. The data measured by the concentration meter (5) can reflect the heating state of the reaction solution in the reactor by the microwave generator (4); For the double decomposition reaction, gas or precipitate can be generated; at the beginning of the reaction, the total ion concentration is relatively large, and the microwave generator generates microwaves to heat the reaction solution in the reactor with a relatively high power, accelerating the reaction; in the later stage of the reaction, the total ion concentration in the aqueous solution decreases, and the microwave generator automatically reduces the heating power of the reaction solution, lowering the temperature of the reaction solution.

2. The microwave electrolyte reaction kettle according to claim 1, wherein: In the product of the double decomposition reaction, both gas and precipitate are generated; in the later stage of the reaction, the microwave generator rapidly reduces the heating power of the reaction solution.

3. The microwave electrolyte reaction kettle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The equivalents of the raw materials for the double decomposition reaction are the same, and there are no ionic compounds and covalent compounds soluble in the aqueous solution in the reaction products; at the end of the reaction, the microwave generator (4) will automatically stop heating.

4. The microwave electrolyte reactor according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: There is also a display (6), and the concentration meter (5) is connected to the display (6) to dynamically display the data of the total ion concentration during the reaction process, thereby reflecting the dynamic heating power data of the microwave generator (4).

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