Preparation method of metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant component

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant part, and mainly solves the technical problems that the precision of a product is poor due to the fact that an existing ceramic wear-resistant part is easy to deform in the manufacturing process, and the qualified rate of a finished product is low due to the fact that a green body of a ceramic accessory with a large size or a complex shape is easy to deform or the interior of the ceramic accessory cracks in the sintering process. The preparation method comprises the steps that a forming cavity is manufactured according to the shape and size of the wear-resisting part; building a corresponding production system; a gold-porcelain mixture is prepared, and the gold-porcelain mixture comprises gold-porcelain particles, metal particles and melt injection metal according to the volume ratio of 4.5-7: 0-2: 3-4.5; and manufacturing the wear-resistant part and performing post-treatment to obtain the metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant part. According to the wear-resistant part prepared by the method, the wear resistance of the wear-resistant part can be remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the production efficiency is also optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for preparing a wear-resistant component, in particular to a method for preparing a metal brazing ceramic wear-resistant component. Background Art

[0002] In many industries such as mineral mining, cement production, thermal power generation, construction sand making, metallurgy, chemical industry, environmental protection, construction, and dredging, a large number of crushing equipment, grinding equipment, tunneling equipment, dredging equipment, and pumps and pipelines for conveying mud and mortar are used. Their main function is to crush and grind raw materials or transport them through pipelines. The steel working parts in these equipment usually suffer severe wear under high-intensity working conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure and strong friction environment, resulting in short equipment life and high maintenance costs. For example, various crushers in crushing equipment, parts that are in direct contact with materials during the crushing process, such as pressure rollers and impact crushing workpieces, are prone to rapid wear due to severe friction and extrusion; in grinding equipment such as vertical mills, Raymond mills, and ball mills, grinding rollers, steel balls, and liners are also severely worn due to mutual friction with materials during long-term operation; in pumps and pipelines for conveying mud and mortar, the impeller and elbow of the slurry pump are eroded and worn by particles in the slurry, resulting in a serious reduction in their service life.

[0003] In order to increase the service life of the wear-resistant parts of the above equipment, extend the maintenance cycle of the equipment, and reduce the maintenance cost, technicians have tried to use silicon carbide ceramics, alumina ceramics and other materials with excellent mechanical properties, high hardness, good oxidation resistance, strong corrosion resistance, excellent abrasion resistance, and low friction coefficient to make the wear-resistant parts of the above equipment. However, for the above materials, the existing technology mostly uses a pressing method to prepare the corresponding wear-resistant parts. Therefore, there are many problems with the prepared wear-resistant parts, mainly including:

[0004] (1) Ceramic wear-resistant parts are difficult to connect firmly to the main machine of the equipment and are prone to fall off during operation;

[0005] (2) Ceramic wear-resistant parts are easily deformed during the sintering process and difficult to repair, resulting in poor product precision;

[0006] (3) It is difficult to manufacture ceramic parts with large volume or complex shape with the existing technology. The green body is easy to deform or crack inside during the sintering process, which leads to a low qualified rate of finished products.

[0007] (4) Ceramic materials are brittle, have poor impact resistance, and are easily broken, which limits the application scenarios of such ceramic wear-resistant parts under high impact loads.

[0008] In summary, it is urgent to develop a new preparation process to overcome the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to solve the technical problems that in the production process of existing ceramic wear-resistant components, deformation is likely to occur, resulting in poor product accuracy, and for ceramic fittings with large volume or complex shape, the green body is likely to deform or crack internally during the sintering process, leading to a low qualified rate of finished products, and the application scenarios under high impact loads are limited. Therefore, a preparation method for metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant components is provided.

[0010] To achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0011] A preparation method for metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant components is characterized by including the following steps:

[0012] Step 1, fabricate the forming cavity

[0013] According to the shape and size of the wear-resistant component, fabricate the forming cavity; the inner cavity shape and size of the forming cavity are the same as those of the wear-resistant component.

[0014] For wear-resistant fittings with simple shape or small volume, multiple forming cavities can be connected together for integrated fabrication, and then cut into independent individuals. This method simplifies the production steps and improves the production efficiency, and is suitable for mass production.

[0015] When fabricating complex or large-volume fittings, the sealed forming cavity can be decomposed into multiple small cavities, fabricated separately, and then welded or assembled. This method greatly reduces the fabrication difficulty of large and complex fittings, and realizes the simple production of complex fittings and the miniaturized manufacturing of large fittings.

[0016] Step 2, build the production system

[0017] The production system includes a melting unit and a forming unit; the melting unit is a metal melting furnace for melting and pouring metal; the forming unit includes at least one forming cavity, a heating furnace, and a gas regulation system; the heating furnace is used to heat the forming cavity; the metal melting furnace is connected to each forming cavity through a molten metal delivery pipe, and a heat preservation or temperature regulation device is installed outside the molten metal delivery pipe; the gas regulation system is connected to the forming cavity to provide negative pressure for the molten metal in the metal melting furnace, so that it enters the corresponding forming cavity through the molten metal delivery pipe; the exhaust pipe and the molten metal delivery pipe can be separately arranged or connected together through a control switching valve; when the molten metal delivery pipe is connected to multiple forming cavities, molten metal can be injected synchronously for forming.

[0018] Step 3, prepare the gold-ceramic mixture

[0019] The gold-ceramic mixture includes gold-ceramic particles, metal particles, and cast metal with a volume ratio of 4.5 - 7: 0 - 2: 3 - 4.8; the gold-ceramic particles are ceramic particles with surface metallization; the metal particles are at least one of carbon steel alloy, stainless steel, manganese steel alloy, chromium steel alloy, and nickel steel alloy, and the particle size is 0.5 - 2 mm; the cast metal is selected from at least one of aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, and copper alloy;

[0020] Step 4, manufacturing the wear-resistant component

[0021] Place the cast metal into a metal melting furnace to heat and melt it. At the same time, load the gold-ceramic particles and metal particles into the forming cavity, seal it, and place it in a heating furnace to raise the temperature to a preset temperature. Then, inject the melted cast metal into the forming cavity through a molten metal delivery pipe. After that, continue to raise the temperature for brazing fusion, and then obtain a semi-finished wear-resistant component through pressure holding and cooling;

[0022] Step 5, post-treatment

[0023] According to the preset process requirements, perform heat treatment, cutting, welding, and trimming on the semi-finished wear-resistant component in sequence to obtain a metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant component.

[0024] Further, in step 1, the forming cavity includes a cavity shell and a cavity cover connected to the cavity shell; a feeding bin is provided on the cavity shell or the cavity cover, and an isolation net is provided at the interface between the feeding bin and the cavity shell or the cavity cover; an exhaust pipe is provided on the feeding bin, and a heat preservation device is installed outside the feeding bin;

[0025] In step 2, the molten metal delivery pipe is connected to the cavity shell or the cavity cover, or is connected to the cavity shell or the cavity cover through the feeding bin, and an isolation net is provided at the connection; the heat preservation devices for the molten metal delivery pipe and the feeding bin are selected from induction heating or resistance wire heating heat preservation devices.

[0026] Further, in step 1, the forming cavity has four forms, namely a thin-wall forming cavity, a hard steel mold forming cavity, a steel sand mold forming cavity, and a sealed investment casting cavity;

[0027] The thin-wall forming cavity is a sealed cavity made of a metal thin plate according to the shape of the wear-resistant component; an auxiliary shaping fixture is clamped on the thin-wall forming cavity, and the inner cavity of the thin-wall forming cavity is cleaned or electroplated; on the manufactured wear-resistant component, the thin-wall forming cavity is wrapped on the wear-resistant component and becomes a part of it, and the auxiliary shaping fixture is then removed;

[0028] The hard steel mold forming cavity is a sealed cavity made of high-temperature-resistant steel according to the shape of the wear-resistant component, and the inner cavity is the same as that of the wear-resistant component. A high-temperature-resistant mold release agent is applied to the inner wall of the hard steel mold forming cavity; the hard steel mold forming cavity can be reused.

[0029] The steel sand mold forming cavity is a sealed cavity with a steel mold on the outside and a sand mold on the inside, which is made by combining the steel mold and the sand mold according to the shape of the wear-resistant part. Among them, the sand mold is made of molding casting sand. The molding casting sand is appropriately prepared by fine powder and sand grains in a volume ratio of 4-10:0-6, and an appropriate amount of additives is added at the same time. The fine powder is metal powder, non-metal powder, ceramic powder, and high-temperature resistant condensed powder. The sand grains are metal sand grains, mineral sand grains, and ceramic sand grains. The additives are organic additives, water-soluble additives, inorganic additives, and silicon-based high-temperature resistant additives.

[0030] The sealed investment casting cavity is a wax mold made of paraffin according to the shape of the wear-resistant part. Then, an investment casting cavity shell is made according to the investment casting method. The made investment casting cavity shell is placed in a closed steel shell, and molding casting sand is filled between the investment casting cavity shell and the closed steel shell to form a sealed investment casting cavity.

[0031] Further, in step 3, the surface metallized ceramic particles are prepared by the following method:

[0032] 3.1. Prepare a coating alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 0.5-1.5:8.5-9.5. The coating alloy includes an active metal, a secondary welding metal, and a fusing metal with a mass ratio of 15-40:60-80:0-10. The active metal is at least one of titanium, titanium alloy, titanium hydride, zirconium, and chromium. The secondary welding metal is at least one of copper, copper alloy, nickel, and boron. The fusing metal is an alloy containing copper and titanium and having a melting point lower than 900 °C, preferably a copper-silver-titanium-boron alloy, a copper-silver-titanium alloy, a copper-titanium alloy, or a copper-titanium alloy mainly composed of titanium and copper containing 20%-50% titanium. The ceramic particles are at least one of alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, sialon, titanium carbide-reinforced alumina, titanium carbide-reinforced silicon carbide, titanium carbide-reinforced silicon nitride, and silicon carbide-reinforced alumina, and the particle size of the ceramic particles is 0.3-6 mm. The ceramic particles can also be selected to include broken particles of ceramic products, and their particle size is the D50 particle size of the grit sand.

[0033] 3.2. After mixing the ceramic particles and the coating alloy, load them into a coating reaction tube, close the coating reaction tube or place the coating reaction tube in a closed system, and evacuate the gas in the coating reaction tube through an exhaust pipe to make its vacuum degree 0.1 Kpa-10 Kpa. Then, heat the coating reaction tube to 150 °C-300 °C.

[0034] 3.3. Inject a reducing gas and / or a protective gas into the coating reaction tube through an injection pipe to dilute the residual air and reduce and remove the metal surface oxide. At the same time, slowly raise the temperature and extract the excess gas in the coating reaction tube so that the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube is always equal to one atmospheric pressure until the temperature rises to 500 °C-700 °C. After the metal surface oxide in the secondary welding metal and the fusing metal is completely reduced, close the injection pipe.

[0035] 3.4. Withdraw the gas inside the coated reaction tube through the extraction pipe, keep the internal vacuum degree at 0.1 Kpa to 5 Kpa, then heat it to 900 °C to 1250 °C, keep it warm for 15 to 60 minutes and then cool it down to room temperature to obtain surface metallized ceramic particles.

[0036] Further, step 4 is specifically as follows:

[0037] 4.1. Place one end of the molten metal delivery pipe into the metal melting furnace and connect the other end to each forming cavity; then place the molten metal into the metal melting furnace and heat it to melt, so that it reaches the preset molten metal injection temperature.

[0038] 4.2. Mix the gold-ceramic particles and metal particles evenly and then fill them into the forming cavity. After filling and vibrating and compacting them, seal the forming cavity and place it into the heating furnace.

[0039] 4.3. Withdraw the gas inside the forming cavity through the exhaust pipe to make its vacuum degree reach 0.05 to 0.2 atmospheres, and stop pumping; fill the forming cavity with reducing gas and / or protective gas until its vacuum degree is equal to 1 atmosphere; heat up the forming cavity. During the heating-up period, keep the vacuum degree inside the forming cavity equal to 1 atmosphere; when the temperature rises to 450 °C to 550 °C, replace the gas inside the forming cavity with pure protective gas; continue to heat to the preset temperature, stop heating up, keep the temperature, and make the temperature inside and outside the forming cavity uniform; withdraw the gas inside the forming cavity through the exhaust pipe to make its vacuum degree reach 0.05 to 0.1 atmospheres.

[0040] 4.4. Seal the exhaust pipe, and make the molten metal melt from the metal melting furnace flow into the forming cavity through the molten metal delivery pipe until the forming cavity and the charging bin are filled.

[0041] 4.5. Close the molten metal delivery pipe, pressurize the charging bin and the forming cavity to 1 to 3 atmospheres through the gas control system, and continue to heat up by 0 °C to 250 °C and then carry out brazing fusion, and then take out the forming cavity from the heating furnace.

[0042] 4.6. Obtain a semi-finished wear-resistant component after pressure maintaining, cooling and cooling.

[0043] Further, in step 4.1, the preset molten metal injection temperature is higher than the melting point of the molten metal and lower than the lowest melting point of the coating alloy.

[0044] Further, in step 4.2, when the wear-resistant fitting needs to have a metal insert, before filling the gold-ceramic particles and metal particles, the metal insert is pre-installed at the corresponding position inside the forming cavity, which is beneficial to increasing the strength and function of the final product.

[0045] Further, in step 4.3, the preset temperature is higher than the melting point of the molten metal injection and lower than or equal to the molten liquid injection temperature preset in step 4.1.

[0046] Further, in step 4.4, the temperature of the molten metal injection into the molding cavity is 100°C to 400°C above the melting point of the molten metal injection.

[0047] Further, in step 4.6, the cooling process starts from one or both ends of the molding cavity far from the feeding bin to ensure that the molten metal injection in the feeding bin solidifies last.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0049] (1) For the preparation method of the metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant component of the present invention, first, a corresponding molding cavity is made according to the shape and size requirements of the wear-resistant component; then a corresponding production system is built; then a gold-ceramic mixture is prepared and gold-ceramic particles and metal particles are added into the molding cavity. By controlling the vacuum degree and temperature in the molding cavity to reach the preset temperature, at the same time, the molten metal injection is placed in a metal melting furnace to be heated and melted and injected into the molding cavity to fill the voids and sand holes between the gold-ceramic particles and the metal particles; then the vacuum degree and temperature in the molding cavity are regulated again to obtain a semi-finished wear-resistant component; finally, a finished wear-resistant component is obtained through post-treatment. No deformation, cracking or other phenomena will occur during the manufacturing process of this method, and the strength and wear resistance of the final product are relatively excellent.

[0050] (2) The molding cavity of the present invention has four forms. A. Thin-wall molding cavity: mainly used for making wear-resistant pipe fittings, long-strip products, and flat plate products; B. Hard steel mold molding cavity: mainly used for making circular, circular ring, and polygonal products; C. Steel sand mold molding cavity: mainly used for making slurry pump impellers and volutes; D. Sealed investment casting molding cavity: mainly used for products with complex shapes, so as to meet the production of wear-resistant components of various shapes.

[0051] (3) The gold-ceramic particles of the present invention adopt a volume ratio of 0.5 to 1.5:8.5 to 9.5 of coated alloy and ceramic particles. By coating an active metal alloy on the surface of the ceramic particles, surface-metallized ceramic particles (i.e., gold-ceramic particles) are made. The use of this surface-metallized ceramic particle can improve the wear resistance of the product; at the same time, the ratio of the active metal and the auxiliary welding metal can be optimized according to needs to improve the connection strength and wear resistance while reducing the manufacturing cost.

[0052] (4) During the preparation process of the gold-ceramic particles of the present invention, by using a protective gas during the coating process, oxygen can be significantly removed, and at the same time, the residual amount of nitrogen can be reduced, thereby protecting the active metal and preventing it from reacting with oxygen and nitrogen and affecting the performance of the product; while the reducing gas can eliminate the oxide layer on the surface of the auxiliary welding metal and improve the coating strength. This method can effectively control the production cost.

[0053] (5) The feeding bin of the present invention that communicates with the molding cavity can not only store excess molten metal to prevent defects caused by volume shrinkage during the cooling process of the component; at the same time, during cooling, the molten metal in the feeding bin can be replenished into the component to ensure a perfect shape of the finished product.

[0054] (6) During the cooling process after the product is molded, the present invention starts cooling from the end far away from the feeding bin to ensure that the molten metal in the feeding bin solidifies last. This method can avoid cracking of the product during the cooling process without molten metal for replenishment, thereby improving the product quality and qualification rate.

[0055] (7) The present invention can also install metal inserts in the molding cavity. The metal inserts play three important roles during the manufacturing process: one is as a wear-resistant fitting and a connecting part with the main machine; the second is for connecting disassembled parts; the third is an internal connecting rib for preventing deformation of large-area parts. The use of metal inserts provides great convenience for the installation, connection, and loading of parts. Description of the Drawings

[0056] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the thin-wall molding cavity in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the production system in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the long sintering furnace in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the thin-wall molding cavity with a detachable inner tube in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the vacuum sintering furnace in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the hard steel mold molding cavity placed in a heating furnace in the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the circular sintering furnace in the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the steel sand mold molding cavity placed in a heating furnace in the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 9 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the thin-wall molding cavity in the fifth embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 10Schematic diagram of the structure of the thin-walled forming cavity placed in the heating furnace in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 11 Stratified cross-sectional view of making the impeller of the slurry pump with the thin-walled forming cavity in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the horizontal sintering furnace in Embodiment 5 of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0068] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure of the horizontal sintering furnace in Embodiment 5 of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0069] Figure 14 Explosion diagram of the steel sand mold forming cavity in Embodiment 6 of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the structure of the steel sand mold forming cavity placed in the heating furnace in Embodiment 6 of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the structure of the sealed lost-wax forming cavity in Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

[0072] Explanation of the reference numerals is as follows:

[0073] 1 - Coated reaction tube; 2 - Ceramic mixture; 3 - Tube cover; 4 - Exhaust pipe; 5 - Injection pipe; 6 - Metal-ceramic particles; 7 - Molding cavity; 8 - Cavity cover; 9 - Isolation net; 10 - Long sintering furnace; 11 - Auxiliary sizing fixture; 12 - Exhaust pipe; 13 - Refill bin; 14 - Head; 15 - Molten solution transfer pipe; 16 - Metal melting furnace; 17 - Molten metal injection; 18 - Heating furnace; 19 - Gas control system; 20 - Vacuum sintering furnace; 21 - Second inner tube; 30 - Circular sintering furnace; 31 - Vacuum reaction tank; 32 - First melting bin; 33 - Sealed metal square frame; 34 - Pressurized connecting pipe; 35 - Crucible; 42 - Second melting bin; 44 - Pressurized pipe; 45 - Melting crucible; 46 - Sand core mold; 47 - Steel shell; 50 - Horizontal sintering furnace; 51 - Horizontal vacuum reaction tank; 54 - Rotating shaft; 55 - Rotating shaft support seat; 56 - Furnace door; 57 - First rotating shaft connecting piece; 58 - First liquid guiding pipe; 67 - Second rotating shaft connecting piece; 71 - Steel cavity shell; 72 - Steel cavity cover; 73 - Small cavity cover; 74 - Molding casting sand; 75 - Adhesive; 76 - Second liquid guiding pipe; 111 - Lower fixture; 112 - Ring fixture; 113 - Upper fixture; 114 - Inner fixture; 115 - Support plate; 711 - First inner tube; 712 - First outer tube; 722 - Second outer tube; 751 - Rear plate outer shell; 752 - Rear plate inner shell; 753 - Blade shell; 754 - Front plate inner shell; 755 - Front plate outer shell; 761 - Shell cover; 762 - Pressing ring; 763 - Shell ring; 764 - Knife core mold; 765 - Table core mold; 766 - Shell lower plate. Detailed implementation manners

[0074] To make the objectives, advantages and features of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0075] Embodiment 1

[0076] This embodiment provides a preparation method for a metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant component. Taking a wear-resistant straight pipe as an example, it is an aluminum alloy composite alumina ceramic wear-resistant straight pipe with an outer diameter of 450 - 500 mm and a length of 2 meters. The thickness of the composite wear-resistant layer of the wear-resistant straight pipe is 20 mm. The preparation method is as follows:

[0077] Step 1: Manufacture a thin-walled molding cavity

[0078] Referring to Figure 1 , in this embodiment, a thin-walled molding cavity is designed and manufactured according to the dimensions of the wear-resistant straight pipe. The thin-walled molding cavity includes a first inner tube 711, a first outer tube 712 and two heads 14. Among them, the first outer tube 712 is a Q235 steel straight pipe with a wall thickness of 5 mm and an outer diameter of 2 meters in length; the first inner tube 711 is sleeved inside the first outer tube 712 and has a wall thickness of 2 mm and an outer diameter of A straight Q235 steel pipe with a length of 2 meters; two end caps 14 are made of Q235 steel material and are respectively welded to both ends of the first outer pipe 712 and the first inner pipe 711, forming a sealed forming cavity 7 with the first outer pipe 712 and the first inner pipe 711. A molten material conveying pipe 15 is connected to one of the end caps 14; the other end cap 14 serves as the cavity cover 8 of the forming cavity, and a feeding bin 13 with an exhaust pipe 12 is installed thereon; isolation nets 9 are respectively installed at the interfaces of the feeding bin 13 and the molten material conveying pipe 15. Before use, the inner side of the first outer pipe 712 and the outer side of the first inner pipe 711 of the forming cavity 7 are both subjected to cleaning treatment, and an auxiliary shaping fixture 11 made of 304 stainless steel with an isolation agent coated on the surface is tightly sleeved inside the first inner pipe 711.

[0079] Step 2: Build the production system

[0080] Refer to Figure 2 , the production system includes a melting unit and a forming unit; the melting unit is a metal melting furnace 16; the forming unit includes a forming cavity 7, a heating furnace 18 and a gas control system 19. The metal melting furnace 16 is connected to the forming cavity 7 through the molten material conveying pipe 15, and a high-frequency heating temperature control device is installed on the outer side of the molten material conveying pipe 15; the gas control system 19 is connected to the forming cavity 7 to provide negative pressure for the molten metal in the metal melting furnace 6, so that it enters the forming cavity 7 through the molten material conveying pipe 15.

[0081] Step 3: Prepare the gold-ceramic mixture

[0082] The gold-ceramic mixture in this embodiment includes gold-ceramic particles 6 and molten metal 17 with a volume ratio of 5.2 - 5.8:4.2 - 4.8. This volume ratio is a theoretical calculated value. The actual volume of the gold-ceramic particles 6 is limited by filling the forming cavity 7. After filling, the pore volume in the forming cavity 7 is the volume of the molten metal 17; the gold-ceramic particles 6 are surface-metallized ceramic particles; the molten metal 17 is selected as pure aluminum.

[0083] The surface-metallized ceramic particles used in this embodiment are prepared by the following method:

[0084] 3.1. Prepare a coating alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 0.68:9.32. Among them, the ceramic particles are alumina with a particle size of 2.2 - 2.5 mm; the coating alloy includes an active metal, a secondary welding metal, and a melting guiding metal with a mass ratio of 25:73:2. Among them, the active metal is titanium (powder), the secondary welding metal is copper (powder), and the melting guiding metal is copper-titanium alloy microparticles containing 20% titanium.

[0085] 3.2. Mix the ceramic particles and the coating alloy evenly to obtain a ceramic mixture 2. When making the ceramic mixture 2, a small amount of binder that can be heated and decomposed, has good volatility, no residue, and does not affect the performance and manufacturing process of the surface-metallized ceramic particles can be added, so as to adhere the powder in the ceramic mixture 2 to the granular material. For exampleFigure 3 As shown, after the ceramic mixture 2 is evenly mixed, it is filled into the coating reaction tube 1, and the coating reaction tube 1 is sealed with the tube cap 3. Then, the sealed coating reaction tube 1 is connected together with the air extraction tube 4 and the gas injection tube 5, and placed in the high-temperature long-shaped sintering furnace 10. Then, the air extraction equipment is connected to the air extraction tube 4 and the gas injection tube 5 (the air extraction tube 4 and the gas injection tube 5 can be installed separately to continuously control the atmosphere; the air extraction tube 4 and the gas injection tube 5 can also be installed in the same tube to alternately and intermittently control the atmosphere), so as to realize the adjustment of the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1. The gas in the coating reaction tube 1 is extracted through the air extraction tube 4 to make the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 be 0.1 - 10 Kpa. Then, through the long-shaped sintering furnace 10, the coating reaction tube 1 is heated to 250 °C.

[0086] 3.3. Slowly inject reducing gas and / or protective gas into the coating reaction tube 1 through the gas injection tube 5 to dilute the residual air and reduce the metal surface oxide on the surface of the metal, keep heating continuously, and slowly raise the temperature. At the same time, use the air extraction vacuum equipment to extract the excess gas in the coating reaction tube 1, and synchronously keep the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 always equal to 1 atmospheric pressure. When the temperature rises to 500 °C, after the metal surface oxides in the auxiliary welding metal and the fusing metal are completely reduced, close the gas injection tube 5.

[0087] 3.4. Extract the gas in the coating reaction tube 1 through the air extraction equipment to make the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 be 0.1 - 5 Kpa. Keep the vacuum degree stable, heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 1100 °C according to the heating curve to melt the coating alloy. Then, keep it warm for 15 minutes to make the coating alloy react with the surface of the ceramic particles. After the reaction is completed, cool it down to room temperature to obtain the surface metallized ceramic particles, that is, the gold-ceramic particles 6, and pack them into a sealed anti-oxidation bag for standby.

[0088] Step 4: Manufacture wear-resistant straight pipes

[0089] 4.1. Connect one end of the molten metal delivery pipe 15 to the metal melting furnace 16 and the other end to the forming cavity 7. Then, place the molten injection metal 17 into the metal melting furnace 16 and heat it to melt, so that the molten injection metal 17 reaches 780 °C.

[0090] 4.2. Load the gold-ceramic particles 6 into the forming cavity 7 from the position of the cavity cover 8. During loading, synchronously use the high-frequency heating device to heat the first outer tube 712 to expand the volume of the forming cavity 7. When the forming cavity 7 is full and vibrated and compacted, then hermetically weld the cavity cover 8 to the cavity shell of the forming cavity 7 to make a sealed forming cavity 7, and then place it in the heating furnace.

[0091] 4.3. Withdraw the gas in the forming cavity 7 through the exhaust pipe 12 until the vacuum degree in the forming cavity 7 reaches 0.05 - 0.2 atmospheres, then stop pumping; then fill the forming cavity 7 with reducing gas and protective gas until it reaches 0.8 atmospheres; heat up the forming cavity 7, and during the heating-up period, keep the air pressure in the forming cavity 7 at 0.8 atmospheres all the time; when the temperature rises to 450 °C, change the atmosphere in the forming cavity to pure protective gas; continue heating to 700 °C, stop heating-up, keep the temperature, and make the temperature inside and outside the forming cavity 7 uniform; withdraw the gas in the forming cavity 7 through the exhaust pipe 12 to make its vacuum degree reach 0.05 - 0.1 atmospheres.

[0092] 4.4. Close the exhaust pipe 12 and open the valve between the molten metal delivery pipe 15 and the metal melting furnace 16; at this time, the molten metal 17 in the metal melting furnace 16 fills the feeding bin 13 and the forming cavity 7 under the action of pressure through the molten metal delivery pipe 15.

[0093] 4.5. Close the molten metal delivery pipe 15, pressurize the feeding bin 13 and the forming cavity 7 to 3 atmospheres through the gas regulation system 19, continue heating up to 820 °C for brazing fusion; stop heating after completion; open the heating furnace 18 and take out the forming cavity 7.

[0094] 4.6. Keep the pressure and cool down, start cooling from the end where the feeding bin 13 is not installed. During the cooling process, adjust the heating and heat preservation device to ensure that the molten liquid in the feeding bin 13 solidifies last. Rapidly cool the auxiliary shaping fixture 11 in the initially solidified wear-resistant straight pipe, withdraw the auxiliary shaping fixture 11 from the wear-resistant straight pipe and remove the end cap to obtain a semi-finished wear-resistant straight pipe including the first inner pipe 711 and the first outer pipe 712.

[0095] Step 5. Post-treatment

[0096] According to the preset process requirements, place the semi-finished wear-resistant straight pipe into the heat treatment system for heat treatment or aging treatment; then, carry out cutting, welding, and trimming to make a finished wear-resistant straight pipe including the first inner pipe 711 and the first outer pipe 712.

[0097] The above method is also applicable to the preparation of wear-resistant elbow pipes, wear-resistant multi-way pipes, wear-resistant reducers, wear-resistant lining of equipment pipes, and wear-resistant axial flow pump casing pipes.

[0098] Example Two

[0099] This example provides a preparation method of a metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant component. Taking the wear-resistant straight pipe as an example, the wear-resistant straight pipe has a steel outer diameter of An abrasion-resistant straight pipe made of aluminum alloy composite alumina ceramic, with a length of 1.2 meters. The composite abrasion-resistant layer of the abrasion-resistant pipe is 15 mm thick; the thickness of the second outer pipe 722 is 5 mm, and there is no inner pipe in the finished product. The volume ratio of alumina particles in the abrasion-resistant layer of the abrasion-resistant straight pipe is 68% - 70%. The preparation method is as follows:

[0100] Step 1: Fabricate a thin-walled forming cavity with a removable inner pipe

[0101] As Figure 4 shown, in this embodiment, a forming cavity 7 with a removable inner pipe is designed and fabricated according to the dimensions of the abrasion-resistant straight pipe. It includes a second outer pipe 722, a second inner pipe 21 sleeved inside the second outer pipe 722, and two end caps 14. Among them, the second outer pipe 722 is a straight pipe made of Q235 steel with a wall thickness of 5 mm and an outer diameter of 1.2 meters in length; the second inner pipe 21 is a removable inner pipe, which is a hard steel mold straight pipe made of 340 stainless steel with a wall thickness of 5 - 8 mm and an outer diameter of 1.5 meters in length; the end caps 14 are made of Q235 steel. The outer side of the end cap 14 is welded to the second outer pipe 722, and the inner side is sleeved with the cooled second inner pipe 21 to form a sealed forming cavity 7. A molten material conveying pipe 15 is connected to one of the end caps 14, and the other end cap 14 serves as the cavity cover 8 of the forming cavity, on which a feeding bin 13 with an exhaust pipe 12 is installed. Isolation nets 9 are installed at the interfaces of the feeding bin 13 and the molten material conveying pipe 15. Before use, the inner side of the second outer pipe 722 is cleaned, and a high-temperature release agent is applied to the outer surface of the removable inner pipe.

[0102] Step 2: Set up a production system as described in Embodiment 1.

[0103] Step 3: Prepare a gold-ceramic mixture

[0104] The gold-ceramic mixture in this embodiment includes gold-ceramic particles 6 and molten metal 17 with a volume ratio of 6.8 - 7:3 - 3.2; this volume ratio is a theoretical calculated value. The actual volume of the gold-ceramic particles 6 is limited by filling the forming cavity 7. After filling, the pore volume in the forming cavity 7 is the volume of the molten metal 17. The gold-ceramic particles 6 are surface-metallized ceramic particles. Gold-ceramic particles 6 with particle sizes of 5.8 - 6 mm, 1.8 - 2 mm, and 0.3 - 0.5 mm are selected. The three kinds of gold-ceramic particles 6 are combined in a volume ratio of 40%:10%:20% to form mixed gold-ceramic particles with a stacking volume ratio of 68% - 70%; the molten metal 17 is pure aluminum.

[0105] Among them, the above-mentioned surface-metallized ceramic particles are prepared by the following method:

[0106] 3.1. Prepare three combinations of coated alloy and ceramic particles, namely: the volume ratio of coated alloy to 5.8 - 6 mm ceramic particles is 0.5:9.5; the volume ratio of coated alloy to 1.8 - 2 mm ceramic particles is 0.75:9.25; the volume ratio of coated alloy to 0.3 - 0.5 mm ceramic particles is 1.5:8.5. The ceramic particles are alumina particles; the coated alloy includes an active metal, a secondary welding metal, and a melting-inducing metal with a mass ratio of 21:77:2. Among them, the active metal is titanium powder; the secondary welding metal is copper powder; the melting-inducing metal is a copper-titanium alloy containing 20% titanium.

[0107] 3.2. Mix the three combinations evenly to obtain three groups of ceramic mixtures 2, and then load them into the corresponding coating reaction tubes 1 respectively; then place all the coating reaction tubes 1 into the vacuum sintering furnace 20 in sequence and arrange them evenly; connect the exhaust pipe 4 and the injection pipe 5 on the vacuum sintering furnace 20 to the corresponding equipment, and seal the vacuum sintering furnace 20; extract the gas in the vacuum sintering furnace 20 and the coating reaction tube 1 through the exhaust pipe 4 to make the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 be 0.1 - 10 Kpa; heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 250 °C through the vacuum sintering furnace 20, as Figure 5 shown.

[0108] 3.3. Slowly inject reducing gas and / or protective gas into the vacuum sintering furnace 20 and the coating reaction tube 1 using the injection pipe 5, keep heating continuously, and slowly raise the temperature; at the same time, use a vacuum pumping device to extract the excess gas in the vacuum sintering furnace 20 and the coating reaction tube 1, and synchronously keep the vacuum degree in the furnace always equal to 1 atmospheric pressure; when the temperature rises to 600 °C and the metal surface oxides in the secondary welding metal and the melting-inducing metal are completely reduced, close the injection pipe 5;

[0109] 3.4. Extract the gas in the coating reaction tube 1 through the pumping device to make the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 be 0.1 - 5 Kpa; keep the vacuum degree stable, heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 1100 °C according to the heating curve to melt the coated alloy; keep it warm for 20 minutes to cause a composite reaction on the surface of the coated alloy and the ceramic particles; after the reaction is completed, cool it to room temperature to obtain surface metallized ceramic particles, and load them into an airtight anti-oxidation bag or coat them with an anti-oxidation isolation agent for standby.

[0110] Step 4. Manufacture wear-resistant straight pipes

[0111] Steps 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, and 4.5 are the same as the corresponding steps in Example 1.

[0112] In 4.6, after cooling, the end caps at both ends of the semi-finished wear-resistant straight pipe after cooling are removed by machining, and then the semi-finished wear-resistant straight pipe is heated to a preset temperature. The second inner pipe 21 in the wear-resistant straight pipe is rapidly cooled, and the second inner pipe 21 is drawn out from the wear-resistant straight pipe to obtain a semi-finished wear-resistant straight pipe including a second outer pipe 722.

[0113] Step 5, Post-treatment

[0114] According to the preset process requirements, the finished wear-resistant straight pipe (including the second outer pipe 722) is obtained according to the post-treatment method of Example 1.

[0115] The above method is also applicable to the production of wear-resistant elbow pipes, wear-resistant multi-way pipes, wear-resistant reducers, linings of various wear-resistant round pipe-shaped devices, and wear-resistant axial flow pump casings.

[0116] Example 3

[0117] This example provides a preparation method for a metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant component. Taking a wear-resistant rectangular flat plate as an example, the wear-resistant rectangular flat plate is a wear-resistant plate of aluminum alloy composite alumina ceramic with a width of 450 mm to 500 mm, a thickness of 15 mm, and a length of 1 meter, and the alumina in the wear-resistant layer accounts for 45 to 50% of the volume ratio. The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0118] Step 1, Fabricate a hard steel mold forming cavity

[0119] As Figure 6 shown, a hard steel mold forming cavity 7 is fabricated according to the size requirements of the flat plate. The forming cavity 7 includes a cavity shell and a cavity cover 8. Among them, the cavity shell is made of high-temperature-resistant steel with a wall thickness of 25 mm, and a cavity shell with an inner groove is fabricated. The length and width of the area surrounded by the inner groove are 1000 mm and 450 mm to 500 mm respectively, and the depth of the cavity shell is 15 mm; then a cavity cover 8 with grooves having lengths and widths of 1000 mm and 450 mm to 500 mm respectively is fabricated using 25 mm thick high-temperature-resistant steel. A thermal expansion sealing metal square frame 33 is installed in the groove; high-temperature-resistant release agent is applied to the inner walls of both the cavity shell and the cavity cover 8; a feeding bin 13 is installed on the cavity cover 8, and the feeding bin 13 is connected to an exhaust pipe 12 and a molten solution conveying pipe 15; an isolation net 9 is installed at the entrance of the feeding bin 13.

[0120] Step 2, Set up a production system as described in Example 1. Among them, the melting unit is a metal melting furnace, which is a first melting chamber 32 equipped with a crucible 35, and a pressurized connecting pipe 34 is installed on the first melting chamber 32. The first melting chamber 32 is connected to the forming cavity 7 using the molten solution conveying pipe 15.

[0121] Step 3, Prepare the gold-ceramic mixture

[0122] The gold-ceramic mixture of this embodiment includes gold-ceramic particles 6, metal particles, and casting metal 17 with a volume ratio of 4.5 - 5:1.8 - 2:3.2 - 3.6. This volume ratio is a theoretical calculated value. The actual volumes of the gold-ceramic particles 6 and the metal particles are limited by filling the forming cavity, and the pore volume is the volume of the casting metal 17. The gold-ceramic particles 6 are surface-metallized ceramic particles with a particle size of 2.1 - 2.3 mm; the metal particles are Q235 steel grains with a particle size of 2 mm and copper-plated surfaces; the casting metal 17 is pure aluminum.

[0123] Among them, the above-mentioned surface-metallized ceramic particles are prepared by the following method:

[0124] 3.1. Prepare a coating alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 0.69:9.31; the ceramic particles are alumina with a particle size of 2.1 - 2.3 mm; the coating alloy includes an active metal, a secondary welding metal, and a fusing metal with a mass ratio of 22:73:5; among them, the active metal is titanium (powder), the secondary welding metal is copper (powder), and the fusing metal is copper-titanium alloy microparticles containing 20% titanium.

[0125] 3.2. As Figure 7 shown, mix the ceramic particles and the coating alloy evenly to obtain a ceramic mixture 2; load the mixed ceramic mixture 2 into the coating reaction tube 1; then load the coating reaction tube 1 into the vacuum reaction tank 31 in an orderly manner, and use the tank cover 3 to seal the vacuum reaction tank 31; then place the vacuum reaction tank 31 into the high-temperature circular sintering furnace 30; connect the air extraction pipe 4 and the gas injection pipe 5 on the vacuum reaction tank 31 to the corresponding equipment; extract the gas in the vacuum reaction tank 31 and the coating reaction tube 1 through the air extraction pipe 4 to make the absolute vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 0.1 - 10 Kpa; heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 180 °C through the circular sintering furnace 30.

[0126] 3.3. Slowly inject a reducing gas and / or a protective gas into the vacuum reaction tank 31 and the coating reaction tube 1 using the gas injection pipe 5, keep heating continuously, and slowly raise the temperature; at the same time, use an air extraction vacuum device to extract the excess gas in the vacuum reaction tank 31 and the coating reaction tube 1, and synchronously keep the vacuum degree in the vacuum reaction tank 31 always equal to 1 atmospheric pressure; when the temperature rises to 700 °C and the metal surface oxide of the secondary welding metal is completely reduced, close the gas injection pipe 5.

[0127] 3.4. Extract the gas in the vacuum reaction tank 31 and the coating reaction tube 1 through an air extraction device to make the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 0.1 - 5 Kpa; keep the vacuum degree stable, heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 1120 °C according to the heating curve to melt the coating alloy; keep it warm for 25 - 30 minutes to cause a composite reaction on the surface of the coating alloy and the ceramic particles; after the reaction is completed, cool it to room temperature to obtain surface-metallized ceramic particles, and load them into an airtight anti-oxidation bag or coat them with an anti-oxidation isolation agent for use.

[0128] Step 4: Fabricate the wear-resistant flat guard plate

[0129] 4.1 Connect one end of the molten metal transfer pipe 15 to the first smelting chamber 32, then place the molten metal 17 into the first smelting chamber 32, seal the first smelting chamber 32, and heat the molten metal 17 to the preset molten metal injection temperature; the other end of the molten metal transfer pipe 15 is connected to the replenishment chamber 13 and the forming cavity 7.

[0130] 4.2 First, install the sealed metal square frame 33 in the forming cavity 7, then load the gold-ceramic particle and metal particle mixture into the forming cavity 7 from the position of the cavity cover 8; after vibration compaction, tightly connect the cavity cover 8 and the cavity shell to form a sealed forming cavity 7; then place the forming cavity 7 and the first smelting chamber 32 into the heating furnace 18, and lead the exhaust pipe 12 and the pressure pipe 34 out of the heating furnace 18.

[0131] 4.3 Extract the gas in the forming cavity 7 through the exhaust pipe 12 until the vacuum degree in the forming cavity 7 reaches 0.05 - 0.2 atmospheres, then stop extracting; then fill the forming cavity 7 with a protective gas until it reaches 0.8 atmospheres; heat up the forming cavity 7, and during the heating-up period, maintain the air pressure in the forming cavity 7 at 0.8 atmospheres; when the temperature rises to 450°C, change the atmosphere in the forming cavity 7 to a pure protective gas; continue heating to 750°C, stop heating and maintain the temperature to make the temperature inside and outside the forming cavity 7 uniform; extract the gas in the forming cavity 7 through the exhaust pipe 12 to make the vacuum degree reach 0.08 atmospheres.

[0132] 4.4 Seal the exhaust pipe 12, open the pressure pipe 34 on the first smelting chamber 32, slowly input gas pressure to the first smelting chamber 32, and inject the molten metal 17 in the first smelting chamber 32 into the replenishment chamber 13 and the forming cavity 7; when the replenishment chamber 13 and the forming cavity 7 are filled with the molten metal 17, close the pressure pipe 34.

[0133] 4.5 Open the exhaust pipe 12, apply 2 atmospheres of pressure to the replenishment chamber 13 and the forming cavity 7, and continue heating to 800°C for brazing fusion; after completion, stop heating; open the heating furnace 18 and take out the forming cavity 7.

[0134] 4.6 Maintain pressure and cool down, start cooling from the end where the replenishment chamber 13 is not installed. During the cooling process, adjust the heating and insulation device to ensure that the molten liquid in the replenishment chamber 13 solidifies last. After cooling, obtain the semi-finished flat guard plate and take it out of the forming cavity 7.

[0135] Step 5: Post-treatment

[0136] According to the preset process requirements, obtain the finished flat guard plate according to the post-treatment method of Embodiment 1.

[0137] The above method is also applicable to the production of wear-resistant linings for ball mills and rod mills, and is also applicable to the production of arc-shaped wear-resistant linings inside large pipelines.

[0138] Example 4

[0139] This example provides a preparation method for a metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant component. Taking a wear-resistant elbow as an example, the elbow is a 90° elbow with an outer diameter of a bending radius of R200mm and a wall thickness of 15mm; the outer shell of the wear-resistant elbow is a 5mm steel shell, and the inner lining is a 10mm metal composite ceramic wear-resistant layer. The production includes the following steps:

[0140] Step 1, manufacture a steel sand mold forming cavity

[0141] As Figure 8 shown, in this example, a steel sand mold forming cavity 7 is designed and manufactured according to the dimensions of the elbow. The forming cavity 7 includes a steel 90° elbow outer shell 47 with an outer diameter of a bending radius of R200mm and a wall thickness of 5mm, and a sand core mold 46 made of formed casting sand. The formed casting sand selects 60% by volume of alumina sand grains with a particle size of 0.2mm and 40% by volume of 320-mesh silicon carbide fine powder; another 5% by total volume of liquid phenolic resin is selected; a sand core mold 46 with a diameter of 120mm that is matched with the elbow outer shell 47 and has a positioning function is made by using a mold to apply pressure.

[0142] In addition, the forming cavity 7 also has two ends (i.e., end caps 14). One end is welded to the elbow outer shell 47 to form the cavity shell of the forming cavity 7, and the other end is welded with an exhaust pipe 12 to form a cavity cover 8; holes are drilled on the outer wall of the lower elbow outer shell 7 of the forming cavity 7, and a molten liquid conveying pipe 15 is welded. The other end of the molten liquid conveying pipe 15 is connected to a second melting bin 42. Before use, the inner sides of the cavity shell and the cavity cover 8 are both cleaned.

[0143] Step 2, build a production system as described in Example 1. Among them, the melting unit is a metal melting furnace, which is a second melting bin 42 inlaid with a melting crucible 45. A pressure pipe 44 is installed on the second melting bin 42 and is connected to a gas regulation system 19. In this example, the second melting bin 42 and the feeding bin are designed as one body, and an isolation net is installed at the interface of the exhaust pipe 12 and the molten liquid conveying pipe 15.

[0144] Step 3, prepare the gold-ceramic mixture

[0145] The gold-ceramic mixture of this embodiment includes gold-ceramic particles 6, metal particles, and cast metal 17 with a volume ratio of 5-5.5:1.2-1.5:3.1-3.7; this volume ratio is a theoretical calculated value, and the actual volumes of the gold-ceramic particles 6 and the metal particles are limited by filling the forming cavity, and the pore volume is the volume of the cast metal 17. The gold-ceramic particles 6 are surface-metallized ceramic particles with a particle size of 2.1-2.3 mm; the metal particles are Q235 steel particles with a particle size of 2 mm and copper-plated on the surface; the cast metal 17 is a tin bronze alloy.

[0146] The surface-metallized ceramic particles used in this embodiment are prepared by the following method:

[0147] 3.1 Prepare a cladding alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 0.69:9.31, where the ceramic particles are silicon nitride and / or silicon carbide particles with a particle size of 2.1-2.3 mm; the cladding alloy is titanium-copper-nickel alloy powder, which includes active metal and auxiliary welding metal with a mass ratio of 39:61. The active metal is selected as titanium, and the auxiliary welding metal is selected as copper and nickel with a mass ratio of 34:27.

[0148] 3.2 Mix the ceramic particles and the cladding alloy evenly to obtain a ceramic mixture 2, and load the ceramic mixture 2 into the cladding reaction tube 1; then load the cladding reaction tube 1 into the vacuum reaction tank 31 and seal the vacuum reaction tank 31; then place the vacuum reaction tank 31 into the high-temperature circular sintering furnace 30; the suction pipe 4 and the injection pipe 5 on the vacuum reaction tank 31 are connected to the corresponding equipment; the gas in the vacuum reaction tank 31 and the cladding reaction tube 1 is pumped out through the suction pipe 4 to make the vacuum degree in the cladding reaction tube 1 0.1-10 Kpa; heat the cladding reaction tube 1 to 200 °C through the circular sintering furnace 30, Figure 7 as shown.

[0149] 3.3 Slowly inject reducing gas and / or protective gas into the vacuum reaction tank 31 and the cladding reaction tube 1 using the injection pipe 5 to dilute the residual air and reduce the metal surface oxides, keep heating continuously, and slowly raise the temperature; at the same time, use the vacuum pumping equipment to pump out the excess gas in the vacuum reaction tank 31 and the cladding reaction tube 1, and synchronously keep the vacuum degree in the vacuum reaction tank 31 always equal to 1 atmospheric pressure; when the temperature rises to 700 °C and the metal surface oxides of the auxiliary welding metal are completely reduced, close the injection pipe 5;

[0150] 3.4. Use an air extraction device to extract the gas in the vacuum reaction tank 31 and the coating reaction tube 1, so that the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 is 0.1 - 5 Kpa; keep the vacuum degree stable, heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 1250 °C according to the heating curve to melt the coating alloy; keep the temperature for 50 - 55 minutes to cause a composite reaction between the coating alloy and the surface of the ceramic particles; after the reaction is completed, cool down to room temperature to obtain surface metallized ceramic particles, and put them into a sealed anti-oxidation bag or coat them with an anti-oxidation isolation agent for standby.

[0151] Step 4. Manufacture wear-resistant elbows

[0152] 4.1 Connect one end of the molten metal delivery pipe 15 to the second smelting chamber 42, then place the molten metal injection 17 into the second smelting chamber 42, and then seal the second smelting chamber 42. Heat the molten metal injection 17 to the preset molten metal injection temperature. A pressure pipe 44 is also connected to the second smelting chamber 42; the other end of the molten metal delivery pipe 15 is connected to the forming cavity 7, and then the exhaust pipe is connected to the cavity cover 8 of the forming cavity 7.

[0153] 4.2 Place the sand core mold 46 into the forming cavity 7; then load the mixture of gold-ceramic particles 6 and metal particles into the forming cavity 7 from the position of the cavity cover 8; after vibration compaction, then tightly connect the cavity cover 8 and the cavity shell to form a sealed forming cavity 7; then place the forming cavity 7 and the second smelting chamber 42 into the heating furnace 18, and lead the exhaust pipe 12 and the pressure pipe 44 out of the heating furnace 18.

[0154] 4.3 Extract the gas in the forming cavity 7 through the exhaust pipe 12 until the vacuum degree in the forming cavity 7 reaches 0.05 - 0.2 atmospheres, then stop pumping; then fill the forming cavity 7 with reducing gas and protective gas until it reaches 0.8 atmospheres; heat up the forming cavity 7, and during the heating process, keep the pressure in the forming cavity 7 at 0.8 atmospheres; when the temperature rises to 450 °C, change the atmosphere in the forming cavity 7 to pure protective gas; continue heating to 1000 °C, stop heating and keep the temperature to make the temperature inside and outside the forming cavity 7 uniform; extract the gas in the forming cavity 7 through the exhaust pipe 12 to make the vacuum degree reach 0.08 atmospheres.

[0155] 4.4 Seal the exhaust pipe 12, open the pressure pipe 44, slowly input gas to pressurize the second smelting chamber 42, and inject the bronze molten liquid in the second smelting chamber 42 into the forming cavity 7; when the forming cavity 7 is filled with bronze molten liquid, continue to pressurize the second smelting chamber 42.

[0156] 4.5 Apply 1.5 atmospheres of pressure to the forming cavity 7, continue to heat up to 1050 °C for brazing fusion; stop heating after completion; open the heating furnace 18 and take out the forming cavity 7.

[0157] 4.6. Keep pressure and cool down. The cooling starts from the end of the cavity cover 8 of the forming cavity 7. During the cooling process, adjust the heating and heat preservation device to ensure that the molten liquid in the second melting chamber 42 and the molten liquid transfer pipe 15 solidifies last. After cooling, take out the semi-finished wear-resistant elbow from the forming cavity 7.

[0158] Step 5. Post-treatment

[0159] According to the preset process requirements, obtain the finished wear-resistant elbow in the post-treatment manner of Embodiment 1.

[0160] The above method is also applicable to the production of various wear-resistant three-way pipes, reducers, various special-shaped pipes, and various bushings.

[0161] Embodiment 5

[0162] This embodiment provides a preparation method for a metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant component. Taking the wear-resistant impeller of a slurry pump (thin-walled forming cavity) as an example, it is a metal composite alumina ceramic wear-resistant impeller of a slurry pump, and its preparation method is as follows:

[0163] Step 1. Manufacture the thin-walled forming cavity

[0164] As Figure 9 shown, manufacture the thin-walled forming cavity 7 according to the size design of the wear-resistant impeller. The forming cavity 7 includes a front plate outer shell 755, a rear plate outer shell 751, a front plate inner shell 754, a rear plate inner shell 752, and five blade shells 753 made of 1mm steel sheets by stamping, forming a circular member with a diameter of . The thickness of the wheel plate is 300mm, and the thickness of the front and rear impeller plates is 35mm. During assembly, weld the first rotating shaft connector 57 to the rear plate outer shell 751; weld the blade shells 753 to the front plate inner shell 754 and the rear plate inner shell 752 respectively; then weld the rear plate outer shell 751 to the corresponding inner shell, and weld the front plate outer shell 755 to the corresponding inner shell to form the cavity shell of the forming cavity 7 (as Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 shown). After that, weld the feeding bin 13 with the exhaust pipe 12 on the front plate outer shell 755 to form the cavity cover 8. Before use, the inner sides of the cavity shell and the cavity cover 8 need to be cleaned or copper-plated. In addition, upper fixtures 113, ring fixtures 112, lower fixtures 111, and support plates 115 for auxiliary shaping are made of the same steel as the forming cavity 7, and inner fixtures 114 for auxiliary shaping are made of 304 stainless steel sand.

[0165] Step 2. Build the production system as described in Embodiment 1. Among them, connect the front plate outer shell 755 and the feeding bin 13 together with multiple first liquid guide pipes 58. The feeding bin 13 is welded with an exhaust pipe 12 and a molten liquid transfer pipe 15 (or first merge the pipes and then separate them outside the furnace) to make the cavity cover 8 (as Figure 10As shown, an isolation net 9 is installed at the interface between the feeding bin 13 and the first liquid guiding pipe 58, and a high-frequency heating temperature regulating device is provided on the molten metal conveying pipe 15.

[0166] Step 3: Prepare the gold-ceramic mixture

[0167] The gold-ceramic mixture of this embodiment includes gold-ceramic particles 6 and molten metal 17 with a volume ratio of 6 - 6.5:3.5 - 4; this volume ratio is a theoretical calculated value, and the actual volume of the gold-ceramic particles 6 is limited by filling the forming cavity, and the pore volume is the volume of the molten metal 17; the gold-ceramic particles 6 are surface-metallized ceramic particles; the molten metal 17 is pure aluminum.

[0168] The surface-metallized ceramic particles used in this embodiment are prepared by the following method:

[0169] 3.1. Prepare a coating alloy with a volume ratio of 1.1:8.9 and ceramic particles with a particle size of 0.8 - 1 mm. The ceramic particles are alumina particles; the coating alloy includes an active metal, an auxiliary welding metal, and a fusion-causing metal with a mass ratio of 23:72:5; the active metal is titanium (powder), the auxiliary welding metal is copper particles, and the fusion-causing metal is a copper-titanium alloy containing 20% titanium.

[0170] 3.2. As Figure 12 、 Figure 13 shown, mix the ceramic particles and the coating alloy evenly to obtain a ceramic mixture 2; load the ceramic mixture 2 into the coating reaction tube 1, and block the opening of the coating reaction tube 1 with a breathable tube plug; then load the coating reaction tube 1 into a rotatable horizontal vacuum reaction tank 51, and use the tank cover 3 to seal the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 51; then place the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 51 into a horizontal sintering furnace 50. The rotating shaft 54 on the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 51 is installed on the rotating shaft support seat 55, and close the furnace door 56 of the horizontal sintering furnace 50; connect the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 51 to the corresponding equipment through the exhaust pipe 4 and the injection pipe 5 on the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 51; draw out the gas in the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 51 and the coating reaction tube 1 through the exhaust pipe 4 to make the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 be 0.1 - 10 Kpa; heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 150°C through the horizontal sintering furnace 50.

[0171] 3.3. Slowly inject a reducing gas and / or a protective gas into the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 51 and the coating reaction tube 1 using the injection pipe 5, keep heating continuously, and slowly raise the temperature; at the same time, use a vacuum pumping device to draw out the excess gas in the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 51 and the coating reaction tube 1, and synchronously keep the vacuum degree in the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 51 always equal to one atmospheric pressure; when the temperature rises to 500°C and the metal surface oxide of the auxiliary welding metal is completely reduced, close the injection pipe 5;

[0172] 3.4. Use an air extraction device to extract the gas in the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 51 and the coating reaction tube 1, so that the absolute vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 is 0.1 - 5 Kpa; keep the vacuum degree stable, heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 1100 °C according to the heating curve to melt the coating alloy. When heating up, synchronously drive the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 51 to rotate in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions; keep warm for 30 - 35 minutes to make the coating alloy react with the surface of the ceramic particles; after the reaction is completed, cool down to room temperature to obtain surface metallized ceramic particles, and put them into a sealed anti-oxidation bag or coat them with an anti-oxidation isolation agent for standby.

[0173] In the above process, if the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 51 is relatively small, the gold-ceramic mixture can be directly put into the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 51 to produce surface metallized ceramic particles.

[0174] Step 4. Manufacture wear-resistant impellers

[0175] 4.1. Connect one end of the molten metal delivery pipe 15 to the metal melting furnace 16, and connect the other end of the molten metal delivery pipe 15 to the feeding bin 13 connected to the molding cavity 7. Then put the molten metal 17 into the metal melting furnace 16 and heat it to melt, so that the molten metal 17 in the metal melting furnace 16 reaches 850 °C.

[0176] 4.2. Load the gold-ceramic particles 6 into the molding cavity 7 from the position of the cavity cover 8; when loading, use rotary vibration loading for the molding cavity 7; when the molding cavity 7 is full and compacted by vibration, then hermetically weld the cavity cover 8 and the cavity shell to form a closed molding cavity 7; then place the molding cavity 7 in the set position of the upper fixture 113, ring fixture 112, and lower fixture 11 for assisting in shaping the molding cavity 7, and place the 304 stainless steel sand inner fixture 114 for assisting in shaping between multiple blades 753 and between the molding cavity 7 and the ring fixture 112. After installation, place the molding cavity 7 into the heating furnace 18.

[0177] 4.3. Extract the gas in the molding cavity 7 through the exhaust pipe 12 until the vacuum degree in the molding cavity 7 reaches 0.05 - 0.2 atmospheres, then stop pumping; then fill the molding cavity 7 with a protective gas until it reaches 0.9 atmospheres; heat up the molding cavity 7, and during the heating up period, keep the air pressure in the molding cavity 7 at 0.8 - 0.9 atmospheres; when the temperature rises to 450 °C, change the atmosphere in the molding cavity to a pure protective gas; continue to heat to 700 °C, stop heating up, keep the temperature, and make the temperature inside and outside the molding cavity 7 uniform; extract the gas in the molding cavity 7 through the exhaust pipe 12 to make the vacuum degree reach 0.08 atmospheres.

[0178] 4.4. Close the exhaust pipe 12 and open the valve between the molten metal delivery pipe 15 and the metal melting furnace 16. At this time, the molten metal 17 in the metal melting furnace 16 fills the feeding bin 13 under pressure through the molten metal delivery pipe 15 and fills the molding cavity 7 through the first liquid guiding pipe 58 at the same time.

[0179] 4.5. Close the molten metal delivery pipe 15, activate the gas regulation system, pressurize the feeding bin 13 and the molding cavity 7 to 3 atmospheres, and continue to heat up to 850 °C for brazing fusion. After completion, stop heating. Open the heating furnace 18 and take out the molding cavity 7.

[0180] 4.6. Keep the pressure and cool down. The cooling starts from the periphery far from the feeding bin 13. During the cooling process, adjust the heating and heat preservation device to ensure that the molten liquid in the feeding bin 13 and the first liquid guiding pipe 58 solidifies last. After cooling, remove the fixture on the wear-resistant impeller to obtain a semi-finished wear-resistant impeller with an imaging cavity.

[0181] Step 5. Post-treatment

[0182] According to the preset process requirements, obtain a finished wear-resistant impeller with a molding cavity according to the post-treatment method of Embodiment 1.

[0183] The above method is also applicable to the manufacture of wear-resistant volutes, wear-resistant liners, wear-resistant pump ports, wear-resistant secondary impellers, wear-resistant axial flow pump casings, and wear-resistant axial flow pump impellers of slurry pumps.

[0184] Embodiment 6

[0185] This embodiment provides a preparation method for a metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant component. Taking the wear-resistant impeller of a slurry pump (steel sand mold molding cavity) as an example, it is a metal composite alumina ceramic wear-resistant impeller of a slurry pump, and its preparation method is as follows:

[0186] Step 1. Manufacture the steel sand mold molding cavity

[0187] As Figure 14 、 Figure 15 shown, the steel sand mold molding cavity 7 of this embodiment is composed of two parts:

[0188] 1. Design and manufacture the outer steel shell of the molding cavity 7 according to the size of the wear-resistant impeller. The outer steel shell is a steel shell with an inner diameter of . The thickness of the outer steel shell is more than 20 mm. The outer steel shell is composed of a shell bottom plate 766, a shell body ring 763, a pressure ring 762 and a shell body cover 761. The inner sides of the shell bottom plate 766 and the shell body cover 761 are machined with a molding model according to the surface shape of the impeller. A feeding bin 13 is welded on the shell body cover 761, and an exhaust pipe 12 and a molten metal delivery pipe 15 are installed on the feeding bin 13. An isolation net 9 is installed at the connection between the feeding bin 13 and the shell body cover 761.

[0189] Second, use formed casting sand according to the shape of the wear-resistant impeller, and divide and manufacture multiple sand core molds according to different parts; the multiple sand core molds include a table core mold 765 and 5 blade core molds 764; after the sand core molds are manufactured and cured (hardened), assemble and install them into the outer steel shell to form the steel sand mold forming cavity 7.

[0190] The above-mentioned sand core molds are pressed with formed casting sand, and are sand core molds made of 100% fine powder. After curing (hardening), they are machined. In this embodiment, the powder selected is 70% by volume of alumina fine powder with a particle size of 500 and 30% by volume of 304 stainless steel fine powder with a particle size of 500 mesh. In addition, 8% of the total volume of liquid phenolic resin is selected, and they are mixed evenly and pressed to make the sand core molds.

[0191] Step 2: Set up the production system as described in Embodiment 5.

[0192] Step 3: The same as Step 3 of Embodiment 5.

[0193] Step 4: Manufacture the wear-resistant impeller

[0194] 4.1 Connect one end of the molten metal transfer pipe 15 to the melting furnace 16, and the other end to the feeding bin 13 connected to the forming cavity 7; then place the molten metal 17 into the metal melting furnace 16 and heat it to melt, so that the molten metal 17 in the metal melting furnace 16 reaches 800 °C.

[0195] 4.2 First, connect the lower shell plate 766 and the shell ring 763 together; then install the table core mold 765 at the center position of the lower shell plate 766; then sequentially install the 5 blade core molds 764 into the shell. One end of the blade core mold 764 is installed on the table core mold 765, and the other end is installed on the convex platform of the shell ring 763 and pressed with a pressing ring 762; after installation, load the ceramic-metal particles 6 into the shell, vibrating while loading; after filling with materials and vibrating and compacting, install the shell cover 761 of the second rotating shaft connecting piece 67 connected to the external motor on the shell. The lower shell plate 766, the shell ring 763, and the shell cover 761 are hermetically connected to each other to form a closed forming cavity 7, and then place it into the heating furnace 18.

[0196] Steps 4.3 to 4.6 are the same as those in Embodiment 5. In step 4.6, the steel sand mold forming cavity needs to be removed to obtain a semi-finished wear-resistant impeller.

[0197] Step 5: Post-treatment

[0198] According to the preset process requirements, and in the post-treatment manner of Embodiment 1, a finished wear-resistant impeller is obtained.

[0199] The above method is also applicable to manufacturing wear-resistant volutes, wear-resistant liners, wear-resistant pump ports, wear-resistant secondary impellers, wear-resistant axial flow pump shells, and wear-resistant axial flow pump impellers of slurry pumps.

[0200] Example VII

[0201] This example provides a preparation method for a metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant component. Taking the wear-resistant impeller of a slurry pump (sealing investment casting cavity) as an example, it is a metal composite alumina ceramic wear-resistant impeller of a slurry pump, and its preparation method is as follows:

[0202] Step 1. Fabricate the sealing investment casting cavity

[0203] As Figure 16 shown, the sealing investment casting cavity 7 of this example is fabricated in three steps:

[0204] The first step is to design and fabricate a wax impeller according to the size of the wear-resistant impeller; then, according to the investment casting process, a pouring gate and a riser wax pattern are made of wax on the wax impeller, and after trimming, a wax pattern is obtained.

[0205] The second step is to uniformly mix quartz powder and / or alumina powder with sodium silicate or ethyl silicate or silica sol to prepare a forming shell slurry. The forming shell slurry is coated on the surface of the wax pattern, dried, dewaxed by heating, and then calcined at 1000 °C to fabricate the sand mold shell of the forming cavity 7. A riser 13 is connected to the sand mold shell through a second liquid guide pipe 76.

[0206] The third step is to fabricate a sealing cavity slightly larger than the sand mold shell of the forming cavity 7 using high-temperature resistant steel. The sealing cavity is composed of a steel cavity shell 71 and a steel cavity cover 72; the steel cavity cover 72 is provided with a small cavity cover 73, and an exhaust pipe 12 and a molten metal delivery pipe 15 are welded to the small cavity cover 73.

[0207] Step 2. Set up the production system as described in Example V.

[0208] Step 3. Same as Step 3 of Example V.

[0209] Step 4. Fabricate the wear-resistant impeller

[0210] 4.1 Connect one end of the molten metal delivery pipe 15 to the melting furnace 16, and connect the other end and the exhaust pipe 12 to the small cavity cover 73 of the steel cavity cover 72 on the forming cavity 7; place the molten metal 17 into the metal melting furnace 16 and heat it to melting, so that the molten metal 17 in the metal melting furnace 16 reaches 800 °C.

[0211] 4.2. First, make a sand mold shell using the lost-wax process. Load the gold-ceramic particles 6 from the feeding bin 13 attached to the sand mold shell. The gold-ceramic particles 6 enter the sand mold shell through the second liquid guide pipe 76. Apply rotational centrifugation and high-frequency micro-vibration loading to the sand mold shell. After filling, place it into the steel cavity shell 71. Use the molding casting sand 74 with good thermal conductivity to fill all the gaps between the sand mold shell and the steel cavity shell 71. After filling, cover it with the steel cavity cover 72. Then, fill the mixed powder of the molding casting sand and the high-temperature-resistant adhesive 75 from the position of the small cavity cover 73. After filling, install the small cavity cover 73 to form a sealed lost-wax molding cavity 7, and then place it into the heating furnace 18.

[0212] Steps 4.3 to 4.6 are the same as those in Embodiment Five. In step 4.6, it is necessary to remove the sealed lost-wax molding cavity to obtain a semi-finished wear-resistant impeller.

[0213] Step 5. Post-treatment

[0214] According to the preset process requirements, obtain the finished wear-resistant impeller according to the post-treatment method of Embodiment One.

[0215] The preparation method of this wear-resistant impeller is mainly used for making products with complex shapes, and is applicable to wear-resistant volutes, wear-resistant liners, wear-resistant pump ports, wear-resistant secondary impellers, wear-resistant axial-flow pump shells, wear-resistant axial-flow pump impellers, and other wear-resistant parts with complex shapes.

[0216] Although the foregoing embodiments have described the present invention in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features. These modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant component, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1, fabricate a forming cavity Fabricate a forming cavity according to the shape and size of the wear-resistant component; the inner cavity shape and size of the forming cavity are the same as those of the wear-resistant component; Step 2, set up a production system The production system includes a melting unit and a forming unit; the melting unit is a metal melting furnace for melting and pouring metal; the forming unit includes at least one forming cavity, as well as a heating furnace and a gas control system; the heating furnace is used to heat the forming cavity; the metal melting furnace is connected to each forming cavity through a molten metal delivery pipe, and a heat preservation or temperature control device is installed outside the molten metal delivery pipe; The gas control system is connected to the forming cavity and is used to provide negative pressure for the molten metal in the metal melting furnace so that it enters the corresponding forming cavity through the molten metal delivery pipe; Step 3, prepare a gold-ceramic mixture The gold-ceramic mixture includes gold-ceramic particles, metal particles, and molten metal with a volume ratio of 4.5 - 7: 0 - 2: 3 - 4.8; the gold-ceramic particles are surface-metallized ceramic particles; the metal particles are at least one of carbon steel alloy, stainless steel, manganese steel alloy, chromium steel alloy, and nickel steel alloy, and the particle size is 0.5 - 2 mm; the molten metal is selected from at least one of aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, and copper alloy; Step 4, fabricate the wear-resistant component Place the molten metal into the metal melting furnace to heat and melt it. At the same time, load the gold-ceramic particles and metal particles into the forming cavity, seal it, and place it in the heating furnace to raise the temperature to a preset temperature. Then inject the melted molten metal into the forming cavity through the molten metal delivery pipe. After that, continue to raise the temperature for brazing fusion, and then obtain a semi-finished wear-resistant component through pressure holding and cooling; Step 5, post-treatment According to the preset process requirements, perform heat treatment, cutting, welding, and trimming on the semi-finished wear-resistant component in sequence to obtain a metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant component.

2. The preparation method of the metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant component according to claim 1, wherein: In step 1, the forming cavity includes a cavity shell and a cavity cover connected to the cavity shell; a feeding bin is provided on the cavity shell or the cavity cover, and an isolation net is provided at the interface between the feeding bin and the cavity shell or the cavity cover; an exhaust pipe is provided on the feeding bin, and a heat preservation device is installed outside the feeding bin; In step 2, the molten metal delivery pipe is connected to the cavity shell or the cavity cover, or is connected to the cavity shell or the cavity cover through the feeding bin, and an isolation net is provided at the connection; the heat preservation devices of the molten metal delivery pipe and the feeding bin are selected from induction heating or resistance wire heating heat preservation devices.

3. The preparation method of the metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant component according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: In step 1, the forming cavity has four forms, namely a thin-wall forming cavity, a hard steel mold forming cavity, a steel sand mold forming cavity, and a sealed investment casting forming cavity; The thin-wall forming cavity is a sealed cavity fabricated using a metal thin plate according to the shape of the wear-resistant component; an auxiliary shaping fixture is clamped on the thin-wall forming cavity, and the inner cavity of the thin-wall forming cavity is subjected to cleaning or electroplating treatment; on the fabricated wear-resistant component, the thin-wall forming cavity is wrapped on the wear-resistant component and becomes a part of it, and the auxiliary shaping fixture is then removed; The hard steel die forming cavity is a sealed cavity made of high-temperature resistant steel according to the shape of the wear-resistant component, with the same inner cavity as the wear-resistant component, and a high-temperature resistant release agent is applied to the inner wall of the hard steel die forming cavity; The steel sand die forming cavity is a sealed cavity formed by combining a steel die and a sand mold, with the steel die on the outside and the sand mold on the inside according to the shape of the wear-resistant component; among them, the sand mold is made of molding casting sand; The sealed investment casting cavity is a wax pattern made of paraffin according to the shape of the wear-resistant component. Then, an investment casting cavity shell is made according to the investment casting method. The made investment casting cavity shell is placed in a closed steel outer shell, and molding casting sand is filled between the investment casting cavity shell and the closed steel outer shell to form a sealed investment casting cavity.

4. The preparation method of the metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant component according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the surface metallized ceramic particles are prepared by the following method: 3.

1. Prepare a coating alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 0.5 - 1.5:8.5 - 9.5; the coating alloy includes an active metal, an auxiliary welding metal, and a fusing metal with a mass ratio of 15 - 40:60 - 80:0 - 10; the active metal is at least one of titanium, titanium alloy, titanium hydride, zirconium, and chromium; the auxiliary welding metal is at least one of copper, copper alloy, nickel, and boron; the fusing metal is an alloy containing copper and titanium with a melting point lower than 900 °C; the ceramic particles are at least one of alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, sialon, titanium carbide reinforced alumina, titanium carbide reinforced silicon carbide, titanium carbide reinforced silicon nitride, and silicon carbide reinforced alumina, and the particle size of the ceramic particles is 0.3 - 6 mm; 3.

2. After mixing the ceramic particles and the coating alloy, load them into a coating reaction tube, close the coating reaction tube or place the coating reaction tube in a closed system, and extract the gas in the coating reaction tube through an extraction pipe to make its vacuum degree 0.1 Kpa - 10 Kpa. Then, heat the coating reaction tube to 150 °C - 300 °C; 3.

3. Inject a reducing gas and / or a protective gas into the coating reaction tube through an injection pipe, while slowly raising the temperature and extracting the excess gas in the coating reaction tube, so that the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube is always equal to one atmospheric pressure until the temperature is raised to 500 °C - 700 °C. After the metal surface oxides in the auxiliary welding metal and the fusing metal are completely reduced, close the injection pipe; 3.

4. Extract the gas in the coating reaction tube through an extraction pipe to keep the internal vacuum degree at 0.1 Kpa - 5 Kpa. Then, heat it to 900 °C - 1250 °C, keep it warm for 15 - 60 minutes, and then cool it to room temperature to obtain surface metallized ceramic particles.

5. The preparation method of the metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant component according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 4 is specifically: 4.

1. Place one end of the molten metal delivery pipe into the metal melting furnace, and the other end is connected to each forming cavity; then place the molten metal into the metal melting furnace and heat it to melt, so that it reaches the preset molten metal injection temperature; 4.

2. After mixing the gold-ceramic particles and the metal particles evenly, load them into the forming cavity. After filling it up, vibrating and compressing it tightly, seal the forming cavity and place it in a heating furnace; 4.

3. Withdraw the gas in the forming cavity through the exhaust pipe to make its vacuum degree reach 0.05 to 0.2 atmospheres, and stop the gas extraction; fill the forming cavity with reducing gas and / or protective gas until its vacuum degree equals 1 atmosphere; heat up the forming cavity. During the heating-up period, keep the vacuum degree in the forming cavity equal to 1 atmosphere; when the temperature rises to 450°C to 550°C, replace the gas in the forming cavity with pure protective gas; continue heating to the preset temperature, stop heating up, and keep the temperature to make the temperature inside and outside the forming cavity uniform; withdraw the gas in the forming cavity through the exhaust pipe to make its vacuum degree reach 0.05 to 0.1 atmosphere; 4.

4. Seal the exhaust pipe, and through the gas control system, inject the molten casting metal from the metal melting furnace into the forming cavity through the molten metal transfer pipe until the forming cavity and the feeding bin are filled; 4.

5. Close the molten metal transfer pipe, pressurize the feeding bin and the forming cavity to 1 to 3 atmospheres through the gas control system, and continue heating up by 0 to 250°C and then carry out brazing fusion, and then take out the forming cavity from the heating furnace; 4.

6. Obtain the semi-finished wear-resistant component after pressure maintaining, cooling down and cooling.

6. The preparation method of the metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant component according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 4.1, the preset molten metal injection temperature is higher than the melting point of the casting metal and lower than the lowest melting point of the cladding alloy.

7. The preparation method of the metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant component according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 4.2, when the wear-resistant fitting needs to have a metal insert, before loading the ceramic-metal particles and metal particles, the metal insert is pre-installed at the corresponding position in the forming cavity.

8. The preparation method of the metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant component according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 4.3, the preset temperature is higher than the melting point of the casting metal and lower than or equal to the preset molten metal injection temperature in step 4.

1.

9. The preparation method of the metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant component according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 4.4, the temperature of the casting metal when it is injected into the forming cavity is 100°C to 400°C above the melting point of the casting metal.

10. The preparation method of the metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant component according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step 4.6, the cooling process starts from one end or both ends of the forming cavity far away from the feeding bin to ensure that the casting metal in the feeding bin solidifies last.

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