Engine connecting rod expansion breaking equipment

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of engines, and provides engine connecting rod expansion breaking equipment which comprises a machining tool. The connecting rod expansion breaking execution device, the pressure control system and the connecting rod pretreatment device are arranged on the processing machine tool; the connecting rod expansion breaking execution device comprises a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder set, a main hydraulic cylinder is connected with at least three graded pressurizing pipes in series, all the graded pressurizing pipes are connected with a hydraulic station through adjusting valves, and the pressurizing ratio of the adjacent graded pressurizing pipes is distributed in a stepped increasing mode; smooth pressure transition is achieved through the graded pressurization design, impact and vibration are avoided, the expansion breaking quality and the equipment stability are remarkably improved, and the failure rate is reduced; meanwhile, a double-guide structure is adopted to ensure high-precision movement of the expansion block, micro-crack induction processing is carried out through the connecting rod pretreatment device, and the subsequent expansion fracture stress concentration effect is reduced; high precision, high stability and high adaptability of connecting rod expansion breaking are achieved, and the efficient production requirement of modern engine manufacturing is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of engines, and particularly relates to an engine connecting rod expanding and breaking device. Background Art

[0002] The engine connecting rod expanding and breaking device is a key device for precisely separating the large end hole of the connecting rod from the connecting rod cap. Its core technology is to form a jagged fracture surface through the expanding and breaking process, so as to ensure high-precision fitting after assembly. This device is widely used in the field of automobile engine manufacturing, especially suitable for the production of engine connecting rods with high load and high speed. However, the existing connecting rod expanding and breaking devices have the following problems:

[0003] 1. Pressure mutation in single-stage supercharging structure

[0004] Existing devices generally adopt a single-stage hydraulic cylinder or a simple stepped supercharging design, and the pressure output shows a stepwise increase. For example, directly outputting 200 MPa results in an impact force peak exceeding 300 MPa during the starting stage. This instantaneous high pressure is likely to cause the propagation of microcracks in the connecting rod material and at the same time exacerbate the vibration of the hydraulic system;

[0005] 2. Lack of pressure gradient adjustment ability

[0006] The existing system cannot achieve smooth adjustment of the pressure gradient and is difficult to match the multi-stage requirements of the connecting rod expanding and breaking process:

[0007] In the initial expanding stage, a low pressure (<5 MPa) is required to avoid material tearing;

[0008] In the final fracture stage, an instantaneous high pressure (>15 MPa) is required to complete the separation;

[0009] The pressure mutation of the single-stage system leads to the mismatch of process parameters, and the fracture surface shows an irregular jagged morphology (roughness Ra > 3.2 μm), affecting the assembly accuracy;

[0010] 3. Insufficient pressure compatibility across materials

[0011] The mechanical properties of steel connecting rods and aluminum alloy connecting rods are significantly different (steel elastic modulus 200 GPa vs. aluminum alloy 70 GPa). However, the existing devices adopt a fixed pressure curve control and cannot dynamically adjust the supercharging ratio. For example:

[0012] The aluminum alloy connecting rod undergoes excessive plastic deformation at a pressure of 10 MPa, and the steel connecting rod requires a pressure of more than 20 MPa to achieve effective fracture separation;

[0013] The single nature of the process parameters leads to frequent shutdown adjustments of the device and a reduction in production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0014] The present invention provides an engine connecting rod expansion and breaking device, aiming to solve the problem that the existing engine connecting rod expansion and breaking device has a sudden pressure change due to the single-stage supercharging structure, which causes the expansion of material microcracks and system vibration. At the same time, the pressure gradient adjustment ability is missing, and the process requirements of different expansion and breaking stages cannot be met, resulting in poor quality of the expansion section; in addition, the fixed pressure curve cannot dynamically adjust the supercharging ratio, and it is difficult to be compatible with the differences in mechanical properties of connecting rods of different materials, resulting in reduced production efficiency.

[0015] The present invention is implemented as follows: an engine connecting rod expansion and breaking device comprises a processing machine tool; a connecting rod expansion and breaking execution device, a pressure control system and a connecting rod pretreatment device arranged on the processing machine tool;

[0016] The connecting rod expansion and breaking actuator comprises:

[0017] The multi-stage hydraulic cylinder group consists of a main hydraulic cylinder and at least three stepped booster pipes connected in series, each stepped booster pipe is connected to the hydraulic station through a regulating valve, and the boost ratios of adjacent stepped booster pipes are distributed in a step-by-step manner;

[0018] The metal expansion head assembly is arranged at the front end of the hydraulic cylinder group, and includes a carbide expansion block, a T-shaped guide positioning groove is arranged on the side wall of the expansion block, and a cross roller guide rail is distributed along the axial direction of the processing machine tool, and the guide positioning groove and the cross roller guide rail form a sliding pair;

[0019] The expansion block is flexibly connected to the piston rod of the main hydraulic cylinder through a disc spring group, and the disc spring group includes at least two spring units with different stiffness coefficients which are arranged in an alternating stack.

[0020] Preferably, the pressure ratio of the graded boost pipe increases step by step, and the pressure ratios of the first stage to the third stage are 1:1.5, 1:2, and 1:2.5, respectively.

[0021] Preferably, the pressure control system is arranged on the side wall of the master hydraulic cylinder, and comprises: a double closed-loop control module, wherein the double closed-loop control module comprises a control valve and a pressure sensor to form a pressure closed loop.

[0022] Preferably, the cross roller guide rail comprises: rollers of Φ5-8mm, the rollers are arranged at 90°, and the surface of the guide rail is provided with a CVD diamond coating with a thickness of 3-5μm; and magnetic levitation auxiliary guide modules are integrated at both ends of the guide rail, and the magnetic levitation module and the guide positioning groove at the bottom of the expansion block form a double guide structure.

[0023] Preferably, the layered metal expansion head assembly further comprises: an ultrasonic crack detection sensor, which is embedded in the expansion block, and a strain gauge array is distributed on the surface of the expansion block.

[0024] Preferably, the connecting rod pretreatment device includes: a fixed base, which is fixed to the reference surface of the processing machine tool through anchor bolts. A stepping drive displacement platform is provided at the bottom side of the fixed base. A robotic arm is provided at the mobile end of the stepping drive displacement platform, and a laser processing unit is provided at the mobile end of the robotic arm.

[0025] Preferably, the laser processing unit includes a CO2 laser head and a CCD vision positioning probe, which are coaxially installed through an elastic coupling.

[0026] Preferably, it further includes a PLC control system, and the PLC control system is connected to the connecting rod splitting execution device, the pressure control system and the connecting rod pretreatment device through a CAN bus.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application mainly have the following beneficial effects:

[0028] First: Through the coordinated operation of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder group and the stepped pressure increasing chamber group in the pressure control system of the present invention, combined with the precise regulation of the regulating valve, the gradient output of the pressure is realized. The pressure output by the hydraulic cylinder group can increase step by step according to the process requirements, effectively avoiding the impact and vibration caused by single-stage high-magnification pressure boosting, realizing the smooth transition of the pressure output from the initial low pressure to the final pressure, and suppressing the propagation of micro-cracks in the connecting rod material. This hierarchical pressure boosting design can not only smoothly start the splitting action with low pressure in the initial stage to reduce the impact force, but also gradually increase the pressure in the subsequent stage to ensure the stability and efficiency of the splitting process. At the same time, the hierarchical pressure boosting improves the response speed of the system, enabling it to quickly adapt to the requirements of different working conditions, thereby significantly improving the quality of connecting rod splitting and the stability of equipment operation, and effectively reducing the failure rate.

[0029] Second: In the present invention, a precision sliding pair is formed by the cemented carbide expansion block and the crossed roller guide rail, and a dual guiding structure is formed in combination with the magnetic levitation auxiliary guiding module to ensure that the expansion block achieves a high repeated positioning accuracy of ±0.5μm during high-speed movement, ensuring the smoothness of the movement. At the same time, the ultrasonic crack detection sensor and the strain gauge array work together to monitor the crack and strain distribution during the splitting process in real time, providing comprehensive monitoring data for the splitting process, thereby ensuring the splitting quality and the safe operation of the equipment.

[0030] Third: In the present invention, the connecting rod is accurately positioned through the connecting rod pretreatment device to ensure that the CO2 laser head accurately aligns with the processing part, completing high-precision micro-crack induction processing, thereby effectively reducing the stress concentration effect in the subsequent splitting process and ensuring the stability of the processing process and the processing quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the side sectional view structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the side view structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the rear side sectional view structure of the present invention;

[0039] In the figure: 1, machining tool; 2, hydraulic cylinder group; 3, CCD vision positioning probe; 4, regulating valve; 5, hydraulic station; 6, expansion block; 7, guiding positioning groove; 8, crossed roller guide; 9, disc spring group; 10, magnetic levitation auxiliary guiding module; 11, CO2 laser head; 12, PLC control system; 13, fixed base; 14, anchor bolt; 15, stepping drive displacement platform; 16, robotic arm; 17, pressure control system; 18, step-up pressure pipe. Detailed implementation manners

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of this application or the above drawings are used to distinguish different objects and are not used to describe a specific order.

[0041] Reference to "embodiment" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The phrase does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment at every occurrence in the specification, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0042] An embodiment of the present invention provides an engine connecting rod fracture splitting device, as Figure 1-8As shown in the figure, it includes a processing machine tool 1; a connecting rod splitting execution device, a pressure control system 17 and a connecting rod pretreatment device provided on the processing machine tool 1;

[0043] Among them, the connecting rod splitting execution device includes:

[0044] A multi-stage hydraulic cylinder group, which is composed of a main hydraulic cylinder 2 and at least 3 step-up pressure pipes 18 connected in series. Each step-up pressure pipe 18 is respectively connected to a hydraulic station 5 through a regulating valve 4, and the pressure increase ratios of adjacent step-up pressure pipes 18 are distributed in a stepped increasing manner;

[0045] A metal expansion head assembly, which is arranged at the front end of the hydraulic cylinder group and includes a cemented carbide expansion block 6. A T-shaped guiding and positioning groove 7 is provided on the side wall of the expansion block 6. Crossed roller guides 8 are distributed along the axial direction of the processing machine tool 1. The guiding and positioning groove 7 and the crossed roller guides 8 form a sliding pair;

[0046] The expansion block 6 is flexibly connected to the piston rod of the main hydraulic cylinder 2 through a disc spring group 9, and the disc spring group 9 includes at least two spring units with different stiffness coefficients arranged in an alternating laminated manner.

[0047] It should be noted that due to the single-stage supercharging structure of the existing engine connecting rod splitting equipment, pressure mutation occurs, which causes the expansion of material microcracks and system vibration. At the same time, the lack of pressure gradient adjustment ability cannot meet the process requirements of different splitting stages, resulting in poor quality of the split surface; in addition, the fixed pressure curve cannot dynamically adjust the pressure increase ratio, making it difficult to be compatible with the mechanical property differences of connecting rods made of different materials, resulting in reduced production efficiency. In this solution, through the cooperation of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder group and the stepped supercharging chamber group, pressure gradient output is realized, and the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder group increases step by step according to the process requirements, effectively avoiding the impact vibration of single-stage high-magnification supercharging, achieving a smooth transition of pressure from the initial low pressure to the final pressure, suppressing the expansion of microcracks in the connecting rod material, being able to smoothly start the splitting action at a low pressure in the initial stage to reduce the impact force, and gradually increasing the pressure in the subsequent stage to ensure the stable and efficient splitting process. At the same time, the system response speed is improved, quickly adapting to different working conditions, significantly improving the quality of connecting rod splitting and the operation stability of the equipment, and reducing the failure rate;

[0048] At the same time, a precision sliding pair is formed by using the cemented carbide expansion block 6 and the crossed roller guides 8, and a double guiding is formed in combination with the magnetic levitation auxiliary guiding module 10 to ensure the high repeat positioning accuracy of ±0.5μm and the movement stability of the expansion block 6 during high-speed movement; the ultrasonic crack detection sensor and the strain gauge array cooperate to monitor the crack and strain distribution in real time during splitting, providing comprehensive monitoring data for the splitting process, ensuring the splitting quality and the safe operation of the equipment;

[0049] In addition, the connecting rod pretreatment device completes high-precision microcrack induction processing, effectively reducing the stress concentration effect in the subsequent splitting process and ensuring the stability and quality of the processing process.

[0050] Specifically, in this embodiment, the solution mainly includes a processing machine tool 1. After the equipment is started, the pressure control system 17 sends instructions to the hydraulic station 5 through the industrial CAN bus to drive the main hydraulic cylinder 2 in the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder group to work in coordination with the stepped supercharging chamber group. The main hydraulic cylinder 2 is connected in series with at least 3 stepped-increasing distribution of stepped supercharging pipes 18 with increasing supercharging ratios. By regulating the regulating valve 4, a pressure gradient output is achieved, so that the output pressure of the hydraulic cylinder group increases step by step according to the process requirements.

[0051] The hydraulic cylinder group pushes the front-end metal expansion head assembly to move along the axial direction of the machine tool. The side wall of the cemented carbide expansion block 6 in the expansion head is provided with a T-shaped guiding and positioning groove 7, which forms a precision sliding pair with the crossed roller guide 8 in the axial direction of the processing machine tool 1 to ensure that the expansion block 6 maintains a repeat positioning accuracy of ±0.5μm during high-speed movement.

[0052] The expansion block 6 is flexibly connected to the piston rod of the main hydraulic cylinder 2 through a disc spring group 9. The disc spring group 9 is arranged by alternately laminating at least two spring units with different stiffness coefficients, absorbs impact loads during the expansion breaking process, and provides flexible buffering and reset functions. When the hydraulic cylinder group drives the expansion block 6 to contact the surface of the connecting rod, the disc spring group 9 reduces stress concentration and ensures the accuracy and stability of the expansion breaking process.

[0053] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1-8 shown, the supercharging ratio of the stepped supercharging pipe 18 increases by stage, and the supercharging ratios of the first stage to the third stage are 1:1.5, 1:2, and 1:2.5 respectively. Each stage of the supercharging chamber realizes pressure gradient control through the regulating valve 4.

[0054] In this embodiment, the pressure control system 17 regulates the hydraulic station 5 to enable the hydraulic oil to enter the stepped supercharging pipes 18 of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder group in sequence. The supercharging ratio increases by stage at 1:1.5, 1:2, and 1:2.5, so that the pressure output rises in a stepped manner. The specific process is as follows: The hydraulic oil first enters the first-stage supercharging chamber, and the pressure is initially amplified to 1.5 times; then it enters the second-stage supercharging chamber, and the pressure is further doubled to 2 times; finally, the final output pressure of 2.5 times is reached in the third-stage supercharging chamber. Each stage of the supercharging chamber precisely realizes pressure gradient control through the regulating valve 4 to ensure a smooth pressure change.

[0055] This stepped supercharging design avoids the impact and vibration caused by single-stage high-magnification supercharging. It can not only smoothly start the expansion breaking action at a lower pressure in the initial stage, reduce impact and vibration, but also gradually increase the pressure in the subsequent stage to ensure the stability and efficiency of the expansion breaking process. At the same time, multi-stage supercharging improves the system response speed, allows dynamic adjustment of pressure at different stages to adapt to different working conditions, effectively improves the expansion breaking quality of the connecting rod and the operation stability of the equipment, and reduces the failure rate.

[0056] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1-8As shown, the pressure control system 17 is provided on the side wall of the main hydraulic cylinder 2 and includes: a double closed-loop control module, which consists of a control valve and a pressure sensor to form a pressure closed-loop.

[0057] In this embodiment, the control valve and the pressure sensor form a pressure closed-loop. The pressure sensor (SITRANS PDSIII) monitors the system pressure in real time and feeds back. The control valve precisely regulates the pressure according to the feedback signal to make it stable at the set value. By working in coordination with the double closed-loop control module, precise and stable control of pressure and displacement is achieved, ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of the equipment.

[0058] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1-8 shown, the crossed roller guide 8 includes: rollers with a diameter of Φ5 - 8 mm, the rollers are arranged staggeredly at 90°, and the guide surface is provided with a CVD diamond coating with a thickness of 3 - 5 μm; and magnetic levitation auxiliary guiding modules 10 are integrated at both ends of the guide, and the magnetic levitation module and the guiding positioning groove 7 at the bottom of the expansion block 6 form a double guiding structure.

[0059] In this embodiment, the rollers are arranged staggeredly at 90° and roll between the guide and the expansion block 6. This arrangement makes the forces in all directions uniform, ensuring the smoothness of movement. The 3 - 5 μm thick CVD diamond coating on the guide surface, due to its high hardness, low friction coefficient and other characteristics, reduces the frictional resistance between the rollers and the guide and reduces wear. At the same time, the magnetic levitation auxiliary guiding modules 10 integrated at both ends of the guide generate magnetic forces, which cooperate with the guiding positioning groove 7 at the bottom of the expansion block 6 to form a double guiding structure. The magnetic levitation guiding further reduces the contact friction and improves the guiding accuracy. The double guiding works together to ensure the precise and stable movement of the expansion block 6 along the predetermined trajectory on the guide.

[0060] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1-8 shown, the layered metal expansion head assembly further includes: an ultrasonic crack detection sensor, which is embedded inside the expansion block 6, and a strain gauge array is distributed on the surface of the expansion block 6.

[0061] In this embodiment, during the operation of the expansion head assembly, the ultrasonic crack detection sensor (Siemens SITRANS FS230) embedded inside the expansion block 6 continuously emits ultrasonic signals. When the ultrasonic waves propagate in the expansion block 6 and the fracture contact area, if defects such as cracks are encountered, abnormal signals such as reflection and scattering will be generated. The PLC control system 12 receives these signals and analyzes and processes them, thereby detecting in real time the possible crack conditions during the fracture process. At the same time, the strain gauge array on the surface of the expansion block 6 will generate resistance changes as the expansion block 6 is stressed and deformed. By measuring these resistance changes, the strain distribution information on the surface of the expansion block 6 can be accurately obtained, and further the stress state and deformation degree of the expansion block 6 can be understood. The ultrasonic crack detection sensor and the strain gauge array work together to provide comprehensive monitoring data for the fracture process, ensuring the fracture quality and the safe operation of the equipment.

[0062] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1-2 shown, the connecting rod pretreatment device includes: a fixed base 13, which is fixed to the reference surface of the processing machine tool 1 through anchor bolts 14. A stepping drive displacement platform 15 is provided at the bottom side of the fixed base 13. A robotic arm 16 is provided at the moving end of the stepping drive displacement platform 15. A laser processing unit is provided at the moving end of the robotic arm 16.

[0063] In this embodiment, the fixed base 13 of the connecting rod pretreatment device is fixed on the reference surface of the processing machine tool 1 through anchor bolts 14 to ensure the stability and processing accuracy of the device. A stepping drive displacement platform 15 is provided at the bottom side of the fixed base 13, and a robotic arm 16 is installed at its moving end. The stepping drive displacement platform 15 drives the robotic arm 16 to move along a set trajectory through stepping drive, realizing the precise positioning of the connecting rod. A laser processing unit is provided on the side wall of the robotic arm 16. Supported by the robotic arm 16, the laser processing unit performs micro-crack induction processing on the inner wall of the connecting rod, synchronously reducing the stress concentration effect in the subsequent fracture process. The pretreated connecting rod is placed at the fracture station and works together with the fracture execution device to complete the final fracture operation.

[0064] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 shown, the laser processing unit includes a CO2 laser head 11 and a CCD vision positioning probe 3, which are coaxially installed through an elastic coupling.

[0065] In this embodiment, the CCD vision positioning probe 3 first positions the connecting rod, captures an image and transmits it to the PLC control system 12 for analysis and processing to determine the position and attitude of the connecting rod. The PLC control system 12 adjusts the positions of the stepping drive displacement platform 15 and the robotic arm 16 according to the positioning information, so that the CO2 laser head 11 is aligned with the machining part of the connecting rod. The CO2 laser head 11 generates a laser beam, and the laser beam is focused on the machining part of the connecting rod through the optical system for micro-crack induction machining. The elastic coupling ensures the coaxiality of the CO2 laser head 11 and the CCD vision positioning probe 3, ensuring the machining accuracy and quality.

[0066] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1-8 shown, it further includes a PLC control system 12. The PLC control system 12 is connected to the connecting rod fracture-expanding execution device, the pressure control system 17 and the connecting rod pretreatment device through the CAN bus.

[0067] In this embodiment, the PLC control system 12 (S7-1200) is connected to the connecting rod fracture-expanding execution device, the pressure control system 17 and the connecting rod pretreatment device through the CAN bus to achieve centralized control and real-time monitoring of the entire device; during the connecting rod pretreatment process, the CCD vision positioning probe 3 of the laser processing unit first positions the connecting rod, captures an image and transmits it to the PLC control system 12; the PLC adjusts the positions of the stepping drive displacement platform 15 and the robotic arm 16 according to the positioning information, so that the laser processing head is aligned with the machining part of the connecting rod; the CO2 laser head 11 generates a laser beam, and the laser beam is focused on the machining part of the connecting rod through the optical system for micro-crack induction machining; the elastic coupling ensures the coaxiality of the CO2 laser head 11 and the CCD vision positioning probe 3, ensuring the machining accuracy and quality; during the machining process, the CCD vision positioning probe 3 monitors the machining situation in real time and transmits the feedback information to the PLC control system 12, and the PLC makes real-time adjustments according to the feedback information to ensure the stability of the machining process and the machining quality.

[0068] Working principle: The fixed base 13 of the present invention is firmly fixed on the reference surface of the processing machine tool 1 through the anchor bolts 14, providing an accurate basic support for the entire device to ensure the stability and accuracy of subsequent processing; a stepping drive displacement platform 15 is equipped on the bottom side of the fixed base 13, and a robotic arm 16 is installed on its moving end; the stepping drive displacement platform 15 drives the robotic arm 16 to move precisely along the set trajectory in a stepping drive manner according to the preset program to achieve precise positioning of the connecting rod;

[0069] A laser processing unit is installed on the side wall of the robotic arm 16. Before processing, the CCD vision positioning probe 3 of the laser processing unit first positions the connecting rod, captures the image of the connecting rod and transmits it to the PLC control system 12. The PLC control system 12 analyzes and processes the image, accurately determines the position and posture of the connecting rod, and precisely adjusts the positions of the stepping drive displacement platform 15 and the robotic arm 16 according to the positioning information, so that the CO2 laser head 11 accurately aligns with the processing part of the connecting rod. The CO2 laser head 11 generates a laser beam, which acts on the processing part of the connecting rod after being focused by the optical system, completing the micro-crack induction processing. The elastic coupling ensures the coaxiality of the CO2 laser head 11 and the CCD vision positioning probe 3, guaranteeing the processing accuracy and quality. During the processing, the CCD vision positioning probe 3 continuously and real-time monitors the processing situation and transmits the feedback information to the PLC control system 12. The PLC control system 12 makes timely adjustments according to the feedback information to ensure the stability of the processing process and the processing quality.

[0070] After the laser processing is completed, the pressure control system 17 sends an instruction to the hydraulic station 5 through the industrial CAN bus to drive the main hydraulic cylinder 2 in the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder group to work in coordination with the stepped booster chamber group. The main hydraulic cylinder 2 is connected in series with at least 3 stepped increasing booster pipes 18 with a stepped increasing pressure ratio, and the pressure gradient output is realized by controlling the regulating valve 4, so that the output pressure of the hydraulic cylinder group increases step by step according to the process requirements. The hydraulic oil sequentially enters the stepped increasing booster pipes 18 of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder group, and the pressure ratio increases step by step as 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, realizing a stepped increase in pressure output. The specific process is as follows: the hydraulic oil first enters the first-stage booster chamber, and the pressure is initially amplified to 1.5 times; then it enters the second-stage booster chamber, and the pressure is further doubled to 2 times; finally, the final output pressure of 2.5 times is reached in the third-stage booster chamber. Each stage of the booster chamber accurately realizes the pressure gradient control through the regulating valve 4 to ensure a smooth pressure change.

[0071] The stepped increasing booster design effectively avoids the impact and vibration caused by single-stage high-magnification boosting. It can not only smoothly start the bursting action at a lower pressure in the initial stage, reducing the impact and vibration, but also gradually increase the pressure in the subsequent stage to ensure a stable and efficient bursting process. At the same time, the multi-stage boosting improves the system response speed, allows dynamic pressure adjustment at different stages, adapts to different working conditions, effectively improves the bursting quality of the connecting rod and the operation stability of the equipment, and reduces the failure rate.

[0072] The hydraulic cylinder group pushes the front-end metal expansion head assembly to move along the axial direction of the machine tool; on the side wall of the cemented carbide expansion block 6 inside the expansion head, there is a T-shaped guiding and positioning groove 7, which forms a precision sliding pair with the crossed roller guide 8 in the axial direction of the processing machine tool 1, ensuring that the expansion block 6 maintains a repeat positioning accuracy of ±0.5 μm during high-speed movement; the rollers are arranged staggeredly at 90°, rolling between the guide rail and the expansion block 6. This arrangement makes the force in all directions uniform, ensuring the smoothness of movement; the CVD diamond coating with a thickness of 3-5 μm on the surface of the guide rail, relying on its high hardness, low friction coefficient and other characteristics, reduces the frictional resistance between the roller and the guide rail and reduces wear; at the same time, the magnetic levitation auxiliary guiding module 10 integrated at both ends of the guide rail generates magnetic force, which cooperates with the guiding and positioning groove 7 at the bottom of the expansion block 6 to form a double guiding structure; the magnetic levitation guiding further reduces the contact friction and improves the guiding accuracy. The double guiding works together to ensure that the expansion block 6 moves precisely and stably along the predetermined trajectory on the guide rail;

[0073] The expansion block 6 is flexibly connected to the piston rod of the main hydraulic cylinder 2 through the disc spring group 9; the disc spring group 9 is arranged by alternately laminating at least two spring units with different stiffness coefficients, absorbing the impact load during the expanding and breaking process and providing flexible buffering and reset functions; when the hydraulic cylinder group drives the expansion block 6 to contact the surface of the connecting rod, the disc spring group 9 effectively reduces the stress concentration;

[0074] The control valve and the pressure sensor form a pressure closed-loop. The pressure sensor monitors the system pressure in real time and feeds back. The control valve accurately regulates the pressure according to the feedback signal to make it stable at the set value; by working together with the double closed-loop control module, accurate and stable control of pressure and displacement is achieved, ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of the equipment;

[0075] During the working process of the expansion head assembly, the ultrasonic crack detection sensor embedded inside the expansion block 6 continuously emits ultrasonic signals; when the ultrasonic waves propagate in the expansion block 6 and the expanding and breaking contact area, if they encounter defects such as cracks, abnormal signals such as reflection and scattering will be generated. The PLC control system 12 receives these signals and analyzes and processes them, so as to detect the possible crack conditions in real time during the expanding and breaking process; at the same time, the strain gauge array on the surface of the expansion block 6 will generate resistance changes as the expansion block 6 is stressed and deformed. By measuring these resistance changes, the strain distribution information on the surface of the expansion block 6 can be accurately obtained, and then the stress state and deformation degree of the expansion block 6 can be understood; the ultrasonic crack detection sensor and the strain gauge array work together to provide comprehensive monitoring data for the expanding and breaking process, ensuring the expanding and breaking quality and the safe operation of the equipment.

[0076] It should be noted that, for the foregoing embodiments, for the sake of simple description, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations. However, those skilled in the art should know that the present invention is not limited by the described action sequence, because according to the present invention, some steps may be performed in other sequences or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also know that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

[0077] In several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed device can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the above-mentioned unit division may have other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed coupling or communication connection between each other can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units can be in the form of telecommunications or other forms.

[0078] The units described as separate components above may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they can be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0079] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting the protection scope of the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art can still, without conflict, make combinations, additions, deletions or other adjustments to the features in the embodiments of the present invention according to the situation without creative work, so as to obtain different technical solutions that essentially do not deviate from the concept of the present invention, and these technical solutions also belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An engine connecting rod fracture splitting equipment, characterized in that, Including: A processing machine tool; A connecting rod splitting execution device, a pressure control system and a connecting rod pretreatment device provided on the processing machine tool; Among them, the connecting rod splitting execution device includes: A multi-stage hydraulic cylinder group, which is composed of a main hydraulic cylinder and at least 3 step-up pressure pipes connected in series. Each step-up pressure pipe is connected to a hydraulic station through a regulating valve, and the pressure increase ratios of adjacent step-up pressure pipes are distributed in a stepped increasing manner; A metal expansion head assembly, arranged at the front end of the hydraulic cylinder group, includes cemented carbide expansion blocks. T-shaped guiding and positioning grooves are provided on the side walls of the expansion blocks. Crossed roller guides are distributed along the axial direction of the processing machine tool. The guiding and positioning grooves and the crossed roller guides form a sliding pair; The expansion blocks are flexibly connected to the piston rod of the main hydraulic cylinder through a disc spring group, and the disc spring group includes at least two spring units with different stiffness coefficients arranged in an alternating laminated manner.

2. The engine connecting rod fracture splitting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure increase ratios of the step-up pressure pipes increase by stage, and the pressure increase ratios of the first to third stages are 1:1.5, 1:2, and 1:2.5 respectively.

3. The expanding and breaking equipment for an engine connecting rod according to claim 1, characterized in that The pressure control system is arranged on the side wall of the main hydraulic cylinder and includes: a double closed-loop control module, which is composed of a control valve and a pressure sensor to form a pressure closed-loop.

4. The expanding and breaking equipment for an engine connecting rod according to claim 1, wherein, The crossed roller guides include: rollers with a diameter of Φ5 - 8mm, the rollers are arranged staggeredly at 90°. The surface of the guide rail is provided with a CVD diamond coating with a thickness of 3 - 5μm; and magnetic levitation auxiliary guiding modules are integrated at both ends of the guide rail. The magnetic levitation module and the guiding and positioning grooves at the bottom of the expansion block form a double guiding structure.

5. An engine connecting rod fracture splitting device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The layered metal expansion head assembly further includes: an ultrasonic crack detection sensor, which is embedded inside the expansion block, and a strain gauge array is distributed on the surface of the expansion block.

6. The engine connecting rod fracture splitting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting rod pretreatment device includes: a fixed base, which is fixed to the reference surface of the processing machine tool through anchor bolts. A stepping drive displacement platform is provided at the bottom side of the fixed base. A robotic arm is provided at the moving end of the stepping drive displacement platform. A laser processing unit is provided at the moving end of the robotic arm.

7. The engine connecting rod fracture splitting equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The laser processing unit includes a CO2 laser head and a CCD vision positioning probe, which are coaxially installed through an elastic coupling.

8. The engine connecting rod fracture splitting equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a PLC control system, which is connected to the connecting rod splitting execution device, the pressure control system and the connecting rod pretreatment device through a CAN bus.

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