Anti-swing mechanism for tower crane

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cranes, in particular to an anti-swing mechanism for a tower crane, which comprises a lifting mechanism, a lifting rope is arranged at the lifting end of the lifting mechanism, and a buffer mechanism for buffering the lifting rope is further arranged on the lifting mechanism; the anti-swing effect of the tower crane is effectively improved through a differential air supply strategy, a cam drives a piston barrel to supply air massively at low frequency during rope winding, the rigidity of an air spring is rapidly improved, inertia impact of a hung object is counteracted, and the swing amplitude is reduced; a pawl supplies air slightly in a high-frequency reciprocating mode during rope unwinding, loosening of a steel wire rope is delayed, descending is prevented from being hindered, and impact peak force is reduced; initial low-air-pressure flexible starting is combined with overload protection, starting impact is reduced, stability is improved, pure mechanical transmission does not need an electronic sensor, the rope winding and unwinding speed can be automatically adapted to adjust air supply, the device adapts to the complex environment, the hoisting efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the use and maintenance cost is reduced, and safety and reliability under the complex working condition are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cranes, and particularly relates to an anti-swing mechanism for a tower crane. Background Art

[0002] Tower cranes are core equipment used for vertical transportation of heavy objects in construction. They achieve the lifting and lowering of goods through the retraction and release of steel ropes. In actual operations, due to the inertia of the suspended objects themselves and the frequent changes in speed during the retraction and release of the steel ropes, it is extremely easy for the steel ropes to swing. Especially during the construction of super high-rise buildings, due to the high height, the influence of acceleration changes during lifting and lowering is more significant, and the swing amplitude of the steel ropes is large. Therefore, it is necessary to frequently adjust the position of the suspended objects, which affects the lifting and hoisting efficiency. In view of this, we propose an anti-swing mechanism for a tower crane. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an anti-swing mechanism for a tower crane, which can effectively solve the problems that in the prior tower crane, when lifting and lowering goods through a steel rope, the buffering performance of the buffering device of the steel rope is uncontrollable, the risk of the suspended object being impacted is high, and frequent position adjustment is required, affecting the lifting and hoisting efficiency.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: The present invention provides an anti-swing mechanism for a tower crane, including a lifting mechanism. A suspension rope is arranged at the lifting end of the lifting mechanism, and a buffering mechanism for buffering the suspension rope is also arranged on the lifting mechanism; An inflation mechanism is arranged on the lifting mechanism for adjusting the air pressure of the buffering mechanism; A transmission mechanism is arranged on the lifting mechanism for driving the inflation mechanism, and the transmission mechanism synchronously adjusts the pressure adjustment method and frequency of the inflation mechanism for the buffering mechanism according to the retraction and release state and speed of the suspension rope.

[0005] Further, the lifting mechanism further includes a traction roller for pulling the suspension rope. A traveling crane is rotatably connected to one side of the traction roller, and the traveling crane is slidably connected to a tower arm through rollers.

[0006] Further, the transmission mechanism includes a fixed box fixedly connected to the inner wall of the traveling crane. A connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the fixed box. One end of the connecting shaft rotates through the traveling crane and is fixedly connected to one side of the traction roller. The other end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected to a first bevel gear. The surface of the first bevel gear is meshed and connected to a second bevel gear, and the top of the second bevel gear is rotatably connected to the top of the inner cavity of the fixed box.

[0007] Further, a disc is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second bevel gear through a fixed shaft. The bottom of the disc is rotatably connected to the inner bottom of the fixed box. A pawl is arranged inside the disc, and a ratchet ring corresponding to the pawl is arranged outside the disc. The bottom of the ratchet ring is fixedly connected to a cam through a fixed rod slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed box. A convex block corresponding to the cam is arranged on one side of the cam.

[0008] Further, the inflation mechanism includes an air storage tank fixedly connected to the inner wall of the vehicle. The output end of the air storage tank is fixedly connected to a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve respectively through two groups of first metal pipes. The bottom of the first three-way valve is fixedly connected to a first piston cylinder fixedly connected to the inner wall of the vehicle.

[0009] Further, a first rubber piston is sleeved on the inner wall of the first piston cylinder. One side of the first rubber piston is fixedly connected to a first piston rod. A first return spring fixedly connected to one side of the first piston cylinder is arranged outside the first piston rod. The other end of the first return spring is fixedly connected to the side of the convex block away from the cam, and the side of the convex block away from the cam is also fixedly connected to the end of the first piston rod away from the first rubber piston.

[0010] Further, the bottom of the second three-way valve is fixedly connected to the top of the fixed box, and the bottom of the second three-way valve is also fixedly connected to a second metal pipe through a rotary joint. The second metal pipe fixedly passes through the fixed shaft and extends to the inner wall of the disc. The end of the second metal pipe passing through the fixed shaft is fixedly connected to a second piston cylinder connected to the inner wall of the disc.

[0011] Further, a second rubber piston is sleeved on the inner wall of the second piston cylinder. One side of the second rubber piston is fixedly connected to a second piston rod. A second return spring fixedly connected to the end of the pawl away from the ratchet ring is arranged outside the second piston rod. The other end of the second return spring is fixedly connected to the side of the second piston cylinder close to the pawl, and the end of the pawl away from the ratchet ring is also fixedly connected to the end of the second piston rod away from the second rubber piston.

[0012] Further, the buffer mechanism includes a four-way valve fixedly connected to the output ends of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve through the first metal pipes. One side of the four-way valve is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the vehicle. The output end of the four-way valve is fixedly connected to the input end of the air storage tank through the first metal pipe.

[0013] Further, the buffer mechanism also includes two traction wheels arranged on the surface of the suspension rope for limiting and guiding the suspension rope. A fixed disc is rotatably connected to the two traction wheels. A plurality of air springs rotatably connected to the bottom of the vehicle are rotatably connected to the surface of the fixed disc. The air valves of the plurality of air springs are connected by a corrugated hose. One end of a group of corrugated hoses in the plurality of corrugated hoses is fixedly connected to one end of the four-way valve, and the four-way valve and the plurality of corrugated hoses can be used for supplying air and exhausting air to the plurality of air springs.

[0014] The technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the known public technologies: When the present invention winds the rope, the cam drives the piston cylinder to perform low-frequency and large-flow air replenishment, quickly increasing the stiffness of the air spring. By increasing the supporting force of the buffer mechanism on the suspension rope, the inertial impact during the lifting of the suspended object is effectively offset, the swinging amplitude of the crane and the suspension rope is reduced, and the rope-winding process is made smoother. When paying out the rope, the pawl drives the piston cylinder to perform high-frequency and micro air replenishment. On the premise of not hindering the natural descent of the suspended object, the relaxation speed of the steel wire rope is delayed. By reducing the impact peak force generated by the sudden tension of the steel wire rope, the risk of swaying during the rope-paying process is reduced, and the operation safety is improved. By initially filling the air spring with low-pressure gas, it is in a flexible buffering state. When paying out the rope, the steel wire rope is allowed to relax slightly, avoiding the rigid braking impact in the traditional high-pressure mode; when winding the rope, the buffering stroke is extended, the sudden change of tension at the start is reduced, and the risk of swaying during the start-up stage is reduced; when the air pressure in the air spring exceeds the threshold, the four-way valve overflow valve automatically opens, and the gas quickly returns to the gas storage tank to avoid the bursting of the airbag due to excessive pressure. Combined with the pressure equalizing network connected by the corrugated hose, a circular buffering force field is formed, effectively suppressing the three-dimensional swing of the suspension rope and improving the system reliability. Automatically adjust the air replenishment frequency and gas volume according to the rope-winding and paying-out speeds. The pure mechanical structure can effectively reduce the maintenance frequency and cost, especially suitable for environments such as high dust and humidity. For example, in complex environments such as mountain bridge construction, it can adapt to load changes without manual intervention, effectively improving the hoisting efficiency. Through the differential air replenishment strategy, the anti-sway effect of the crane and the suspension rope of the tower crane is improved, and the safety and reliability of the tower crane under complex working conditions can be significantly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first perspective of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the crane of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the lower side of the cross-section of the crane of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the fixed box of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the disc and the fixed shaft of the present invention; Figure 6Schematic cross-sectional view of the second piston cylinder of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic cross-sectional view of the first piston cylinder of the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic plan view of the inflation mechanism and the buffer mechanism of the present invention.

[0017] The reference numerals in the figure respectively represent: 1, hoisting mechanism; 101, tower arm; 102, traveling crane; 103, lifting rope; 104, traction roller; 2, buffer mechanism; 201, fixed disk; 202, air spring; 203, traction wheel; 204, corrugated hose; 205, four-way valve; 3, inflation mechanism; 301, gas storage tank; 302, first metal pipe; 303, first piston cylinder; 304, first return spring; 305, second three-way valve; 306, second metal pipe; 307, second piston cylinder; 308, second piston rod; 309, second return spring; 3010, second rubber piston; 3011, first piston rod; 3012, first rubber piston; 3013, first three-way valve 4, transmission mechanism; 401, fixed box; 402, connecting shaft; 403, first bevel gear; 404, second bevel gear; 405, disk; 406, ratchet ring; 407, pawl; 408, cam; 409, fixed shaft; 4010, convex block. Detailed implementation manners

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0020] An anti-sway mechanism for a tower crane includes a hoisting mechanism 1. A lifting rope 103 is provided at the lifting end of the hoisting mechanism 1. A buffer mechanism 2 for buffering the lifting rope 103 is further provided on the hoisting mechanism 1. An inflation mechanism 3 is provided on the hoisting mechanism 1 for adjusting the air pressure of the buffer mechanism 2. A transmission mechanism 4 is provided on the hoisting mechanism 1 for driving the inflation mechanism 3. And the transmission mechanism 4 synchronously adjusts the pressure adjustment method and frequency of the inflation mechanism 3 for the buffer mechanism 2 according to the winding and unwinding state and speed of the lifting rope 103. The hoisting mechanism 1 further includes a traction roller 104 for pulling the lifting rope 103. A traveling crane 102 is rotatably connected to one side of the traction roller 104. The traveling crane 102 is slidably connected to the tower arm 101 through rollers; It should be noted that the lifting rope 103 on the traction roller 104 can be used for hoisting goods. The external driving member can be used to retract and release the lifting rope 103. At the same time, in cooperation with the movable traveling crane 102 on the tower arm 101, the hoisting and transportation of goods can be realized; Specifically, the transmission mechanism 4 includes a fixed box 401 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the traveling crane 102. A connecting shaft 402 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the fixed box 401. One end of the connecting shaft 402 rotates through the traveling crane 102 and is fixedly connected to one side of the traction roller 104. The other end of the connecting shaft 402 is fixedly connected to a first bevel gear 403. The surface of the first bevel gear 403 is meshed with a second bevel gear 404. The top of the second bevel gear 404 is rotatably connected to the top of the inner cavity of the fixed box 401. The bottom of the second bevel gear 404 is fixedly connected to a disc 405 through a fixed shaft 409. The bottom of the disc 405 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the fixed box 401. A pawl 407 is arranged inside the disc 405. A ratchet ring 406 corresponding to the pawl 407 is arranged outside the disc 405. The bottom of the ratchet ring 406 is fixedly connected to a cam 408 through a fixed rod slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed box 401. A convex block 4010 corresponding to the cam 408 is arranged on one side of the cam 408; It should be noted that when the lifting rope 103 is retracted and released to hoist and transport goods, the traction roller 104 can rotate. Thus, the first bevel gear 403 and the second bevel gear 404 in the fixed box 401 can be driven to rotate by the connecting shaft 402. When releasing the rope, the connecting shaft 402 can drive the first bevel gear 403 and the second bevel gear 404 to rotate forward. At this time, the fixed shaft 409 can drive the disc 405 to rotate forward. When the disc 405 rotates forward, the internal pawl 407 is squeezed by the external ratchet ring 406 and, in cooperation with the components of the inflation mechanism 3, can repeat the telescopic movement multiple times during one full forward rotation of the disc 405, and ensure that the external ratchet ring 406 does not rotate. On the contrary, when retracting the rope, the traction roller 104 rotates in the reverse direction, thereby driving the disc 405 to rotate in the reverse direction. Due to the structural design of the pawl 407 and the ratchet ring 406, the ratchet ring 406 can be driven to rotate synchronously in the reverse direction under the drive of the disc 405, and ensure that the pawl 407 does not undergo telescopic movement. When the ratchet ring 406 rotates, the bottom cam 408 can be driven to rotate synchronously. Each time the cam 408 rotates one full circle, the convex block 4010 arranged on one side of the cam 408 can be squeezed once, and after each squeeze, the convex block 4010 can be reset through the components in the inflation mechanism 3; Further, the inflation mechanism 3 includes an air storage tank 301 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the traveling vehicle 102. The output end of the air storage tank 301 is fixedly connected to a first three-way valve 3013 and a second three-way valve 305 respectively through two groups of first metal pipes 302. The bottom of the first three-way valve 3013 is fixedly connected to a first piston cylinder 303 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the traveling vehicle 102. A first rubber piston 3012 is sleeved on the inner wall of the first piston cylinder 303. One side of the first rubber piston 3012 is fixedly connected to a first piston rod 3011. A first return spring 304 fixedly connected to one side of the first piston cylinder 303 is arranged outside the first piston rod 3011. The other end of the first return spring 304 is fixedly connected to the side of the convex block 4010 away from the cam 408, and the side of the convex block 4010 away from the cam 408 is also fixedly connected to the end of the first piston rod 3011 away from the first rubber piston 3012. The bottom of the second three-way valve 305 is fixedly connected to the top of the fixed box 401, and the bottom of the second three-way valve 305 is also fixedly connected to a second metal pipe 306 through a rotary joint. The second metal pipe 306 fixedly passes through the fixed shaft 409 and extends to the inner wall of the disc 405. One end of the second metal pipe 306 passing through the fixed shaft 409 is fixedly connected to a second piston cylinder 307 connected to the inner wall of the disc 405. A second rubber piston 3010 is sleeved on the inner wall of the second piston cylinder 307. One side of the second rubber piston 3010 is fixedly connected to a second piston rod 308. A second return spring 309 fixedly connected to the end of the ratchet pawl 407 away from the ratchet ring 406 is arranged outside the second piston rod 308. The other end of the second return spring 309 is fixedly connected to the side of the second piston cylinder 307 close to the ratchet pawl 407, and the end of the ratchet pawl 407 away from the ratchet ring 406 is also fixedly connected to the end of the second piston rod 308 away from the second rubber piston 3010; It should be noted that when paying out the rope, the traction roller 104 rotates forward, driving the disc 405 to rotate forward. At this time, when the pawl 407 is squeezed by the ratchet ring 406, the second return spring 309 and the second piston rod 308 quickly expand and contract. The second piston rod 308 drives the second rubber piston 3010 to reciprocate quickly in the second piston cylinder 307. When the second piston rod 308 and the second return spring 309 are squeezed, they contract. At this time, the gas in the second piston cylinder 307 can be transported to the second three-way valve 305 through the second metal pipe 306, and then transported to the buffer mechanism 2 through the first metal pipe 302. Moreover, when the disc 405 rotates, the second metal pipe 306 can rotate following the disc 405 and the fixed shaft 409. And through the rotary joint connected to the second three-way valve 305, while the second metal pipe 306 rotates, the sealing performance between the second metal pipe 306 and the second three-way valve 305 can be ensured, realizing the transportation of gas. On the contrary, when the disc 405 continues to rotate forward, through the elastic action of the second return spring 309, the second piston rod 308 can drive the second rubber piston 3010 to reset. At this time, the gas in the gas storage tank 301 can be transported along the second metal pipe 306 to the second piston cylinder 307 through another group of the first metal pipes 302 on the second three-way valve 305, for the second piston cylinder 307 to be transported to the buffer mechanism 2 again; Similarly, when taking in the rope, the traction roller 104 rotates reversely, driving the disc 405 to rotate reversely at this time. Thus, the ratchet ring 406 can be driven to rotate reversely through the pawl 407. The cam 408 at the bottom of the ratchet ring 406 can squeeze the protrusion 4010. While squeezing, the first return spring 304 and the first piston rod 3011 expand and contract. When the first return spring 304 and the first piston rod 3011 contract, the gas in the first piston cylinder 303 can be transported to the buffer mechanism 2 through the first metal pipe 302 on the first three-way valve 3013. On the contrary, when the cam 408 and the protrusion 4010 are not in contact, the first return spring 304 can drive the first piston rod 3011 to reset, thus driving the first rubber piston 3012 to move back. The gas in the gas storage tank 301 is pumped into the first piston cylinder 303 through another group of the first metal pipes 302 on the first three-way valve 3013, for the first piston cylinder 303 to be transported to the buffer mechanism 2 again; Furthermore, the buffer mechanism 2 includes a four-way valve 205 to which the output ends of a first three-way valve 3013 and a second three-way valve 305 are fixedly connected through a first metal pipe 302. One side of the four-way valve 205 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the traveling crane 102, and the output end of the four-way valve 205 is fixedly connected to the input end of the air storage tank 301 through the first metal pipe 302. The buffer mechanism 2 further includes two sets of traction wheels 203 arranged on the surface of the lifting rope 103 for limiting and guiding the lifting rope 103. A fixed disk 201 is rotatably connected to the two sets of traction wheels 203. The surface of the fixed disk 201 is rotatably connected with a plurality of air springs 202 that are rotatably connected to the bottom of the traveling crane 102. The air valves of the plurality of air springs 202 are connected to each other through corrugated hoses 204. One end of a set of corrugated hoses 204 among the plurality of corrugated hoses 204 is fixedly connected to one end of the four-way valve 205, and the four-way valve 205 and the plurality of corrugated hoses 204 can be used for supplying air to and exhausting air from the plurality of air springs 202; It should be noted that the traction wheels 203 can be used for guiding the lifting rope 103. During the hoisting operation, the plurality of air springs 202 connected to the fixed disk 201 can traction the lifting rope 103. Especially during the hoisting operation, due to the inertia during movement, the lifting rope 103 will swing and sway. The air springs 202 can play a corresponding buffering role, reducing the force generated by the swing and sway due to inertia, thereby reducing the swing amplitude of the lifting rope 103. Moreover, the plurality of air springs 202 are initially filled with low-pressure gas, and a pressure balance network is formed through the connection of the corrugated hoses 204 to ensure that the plurality of air springs 202 buffer the lateral swing of the lifting rope 103 synchronously; At the same time, when taking in or paying out the rope, the gas can be supplied and supplemented to the plurality of air springs 202 through the corrugated hoses 204 connected to the four-way valve 205. When the rope paying-out speed is slow, the rotation speed of the disk 405 is low, the reciprocating frequency of the second piston rod 308 is low, the air supplement amount per unit time is small, and the air springs 202 maintain a low air pressure. While playing a corresponding buffering role, it allows the lifting rope 103 to droop flexibly. When the rope paying-out speed is fast, the rotation speed of the disk 405 is high, the second piston rod 308 reciprocates at a high frequency, the air supplement times per unit time increase, and the air pressure of the air springs 202 increases slightly, delaying the relaxation of the steel wire rope and avoiding the lifting rope 103 from being tightened and impacted, thereby reducing the swing of the lifting rope 103; Similarly, when the rope taking-in speed is slow, the rotation speed of the cam 408 is low, the compression frequency of the convex block 4010 is low, the single air supplement amount of the first piston barrel 303 is small, and the air pressure of the air springs 202 rises slowly, maintaining the basic stiffness. When the rope taking-in speed increases, the rotation speed of the cam 408 is high, the compression frequency of the convex block 4010 remains unchanged, but the single air supplement amount is large, and the air pressure of the air springs 202 rises rapidly, which can quickly offset the inertial impact generated by the acceleration of the lifted object during ascent and suppress the upward swing of the lifting rope 103 caused by this inertial impact.

[0021] Working principle of the present invention: The transmission mechanism 4 senses the winding and unwinding direction and speed of the suspension rope 103, converts the rotational motion into piston drive, and the inflation mechanism 3 realizes differential air replenishment for the air spring 202 through two groups of piston cylinders and a three-way valve. When the rope is wound, a large amount of air is replenished at a low frequency, and when the rope is unwound, a small amount of air is replenished at a high frequency. The buffer mechanism 2 uses the air pressure change of the air spring 202 to suppress the swing of the suspension rope 103 under different working conditions, and the four-way valve 205 ensures the unidirectionality of the gas flow direction, strictly isolating the inflation and return paths; In the rope winding working condition, when the suspension rope 103 is lifted, the traction roller 104 rotates in the reverse direction, the connecting shaft 402 drives the first bevel gear 403 and the second bevel gear 404 to rotate in the reverse direction, the fixed shaft 409 drives the disc 405 to rotate in the reverse direction. When the disc 405 rotates in the reverse direction, the pawl 407 meshes with the inner wall of the ratchet ring 406, and the inclined surface of the pawl 407 fits with the tooth groove of the ratchet ring 406, forcing the ratchet ring 406 to rotate synchronously. The cam 408 at the bottom of the ratchet ring 406 presses the bump 4010. Each time the cam 408 rotates one circle, the bump 4010 is pressed once, triggering a single large air replenishment volume. The piston cylinder 303 has a long stroke and a large volume; In the rope unwinding working condition, when the suspension rope 103 descends, the traction roller 104 rotates in the forward direction, the connecting shaft 402 drives the first bevel gear 403 to rotate in the forward direction, the second bevel gear 404 rotates in the forward direction, the fixed shaft 409 drives the disc 405 to rotate in the forward direction. When the disc 405 rotates in the forward direction, the pawl 407 is squeezed and contracted by the inner wall inclined surface of the ratchet ring 406, the second return spring 309 is compressed, the disc 405 rotates idly, the ratchet ring 406 is stationary, and the piston rod 308 reciprocates at a high frequency under the action of the second return spring 309. The reciprocating frequency of the piston rod 308 is proportional to the rotational speed of the disc 405. The faster the rotational speed, the more reciprocating times per unit time, but the single air replenishment volume is small because the piston cylinder 307 has a short stroke and a small volume; In the air replenishment cycle during rope winding, the three-way valve 3013 dominates the gas flow direction. When the bump 4010 is pressed, the piston rod 3011 pushes the rubber piston 3012 to move leftward, the air pressure in the piston cylinder 303 increases, the three-way valve 3013 switches to the inflation passage, connecting the metal pipe 302 and the piston cylinder 303, and the gas flows into the air spring 202 through the metal pipe 302, the four-way valve 205, and the corrugated hose 204; During the air intake stage, the cam 408 separates from the bump 4010, the first return spring 304 expands, the piston rod 3011 resets to the right, a negative pressure is formed in the piston cylinder 303, the three-way valve 3013 switches to the air intake passage, connecting the gas storage tank 301 and the piston cylinder 303, and the gas in the gas storage tank 301 is inhaled; During the air replenishment cycle when paying out the rope, the three-way valve II 305 dominates the gas flow direction. During the inflation stage, the piston rod II 308 moves to the left, the air pressure in the piston cylinder II 307 increases, the three-way valve II 305 switches to the inflation passage, connecting the metal pipe II 306 and the metal pipe I 302. The gas flows through the metal pipe II 306, the three-way valve II 305, the metal pipe I 302, and the four-way valve 205 into the air spring 202. The piston rod II 308 resets to the right, a negative pressure is formed in the piston cylinder II 307, the three-way valve II 305 switches to the suction passage, connecting the gas storage tank 301 and the metal pipe II 306, and the gas in the gas storage tank 301 is sucked in; At the same time, by utilizing the bidirectional isolation of the four-way valve 205, when the piston cylinder I 303 or the piston cylinder II 307 supplies gas to the four-way valve 205, the internal one-way valve opens, facing the air spring 202, and the return passage closes. In the return mode, when the air pressure in the air spring 202 exceeds the threshold value, the overflow valve opens, and the gas flows through the corrugated hose 204, and the four-way valve 205 flows into the gas storage tank 301 through the metal pipe I 302. At this time, the inflation passage is cut off; When paying out the rope, the suspended object accelerates downward under the action of gravity, and the steel wire rope is prone to slack. If the air replenishment is insufficient, the slack steel wire rope will generate a violent impact due to sudden tension; if the air replenishment is excessive, the increased stiffness of the air spring 202 will hinder the natural fall of the suspended object and cause new swaying. By the idling of the disc 405 driving the piston rod II 308 to reciprocate at a high frequency, quickly responding to the change of the steel wire rope tension, delaying the slackening speed, with a small single air replenishment volume, maintaining the flexibility of the air spring 202, allowing the suspension rope 103 to droop slightly, avoiding rigidly hindering the descent of the suspended object, the slackening length of the steel wire rope during rope payout can be reduced, and the peak impact force can be lowered; When taking in the rope, the steel wire rope actively lifts the suspended object, the tension increases rapidly, and the inertial impact is obvious. It is necessary to quickly increase the stiffness of the air spring 202 to suppress the swaying. The cam 408 only presses the convex block 4010 once per revolution, avoiding excessive air replenishment resulting in overshoot of air pressure, and the single air replenishment volume is relatively large, enabling the air pressure in the air spring 202 to rise rapidly, quickly absorbing the lifting inertia, and at the same time reducing the swinging amplitude and frequency of the suspended object during rope taking-in; In the initial state, the air spring 202 is pre-filled with gas, and the corrugated hose 204 connects multiple air springs 202 to form a pressure equalizing and buffering network. If the maximum amount of gas is initially filled, the stiffness of the air spring 202 is high, which is likely to hinder the descent of the suspended object and cause impact during rope payout, and it is also difficult to quickly buffer the inertia during rope taking-in. Through dynamic air replenishment, it starts with low stiffness and replenishes air at a high frequency and in small amounts to delay the slackening during rope payout, and replenishes a large amount of air as needed to quickly enhance the support during rope taking-in, which can flexibly match the working conditions, improve the anti-sway effect and ensure safety. During the rope taking-in stage, when taking in the rope at a low speed, the rotational speed of the cam 408 is low, the air replenishment frequency is relatively low, and the air pressure in the air spring 202 is maintained in a stable state. While when taking in the rope at a high speed: the rotational speed of the cam 408 is high, the air replenishment frequency increases, the pressure in the air spring 202 rises rapidly, and a lateral pulling force is applied to the suspension rope 103 through the fixed disk 201 and the traction wheel 203 to offset the lifting inertia; During the rope - paying stage, when paying the rope at a low speed, the rotation speed of the disc 405 is low, and the reciprocating motion frequency of the second piston rod 308 is relatively low, maintaining the air pressure inside the air spring 202. When paying the rope at a high speed, the rotation speed of the disc 405 is high, the reciprocating frequency of the second piston rod 308 increases, the pressure of the air spring 202 gradually rises, delaying the relaxation speed of the wire rope and reducing the tension impact; When the air pressure of the air spring 202 exceeds the predetermined value, the overflow valve of the four - way valve 205 opens, and the gas quickly flows back to the gas storage tank 301, and the air pressure drops below the predetermined value, avoiding the bursting of the airbag of the air spring 202. Moreover, the corrugated hose 204 is connected to multiple air springs 202, forming an annular buffer force field, which can effectively suppress the three - dimensional swing of the suspension rope 103.

[0022] The above - mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements will not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anti-sway mechanism for a tower crane, characterized in that, Comprising: A hoisting mechanism (1), a lifting end of the hoisting mechanism (1) is provided with a lifting rope (103), and the hoisting mechanism (1) is further provided with a buffer mechanism (2) for buffering the lifting rope (103); An inflation mechanism (3), arranged on the hoisting mechanism (1) for adjusting the air pressure of the buffer mechanism (2); A transmission mechanism (4), arranged on the hoisting mechanism (1) for driving the inflation mechanism (3), and the transmission mechanism (4) synchronously adjusts the pressure adjustment method and frequency of the inflation mechanism (3) for the buffer mechanism (2) according to the winding and unwinding state and speed of the lifting rope (103).

2. The anti-swing mechanism for a tower crane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hoisting mechanism (1) further includes a traction roller (104) for towing the lifting rope (103), one side of the traction roller (104) is rotatably connected to a traveling crane (102), and the traveling crane (102) is slidably connected to a tower arm (101) through rollers.

3. The anti-sway mechanism for a tower crane according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transmission mechanism (4) includes a fixed box (401) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the traveling crane (102), a connecting shaft (402) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the fixed box (401), one end of the connecting shaft (402) rotates through the traveling crane (102) and is fixedly connected to one side of the traction roller (104), and the other end of the connecting shaft (402) is fixedly connected to a first bevel gear (403), and a second bevel gear (404) is meshed and connected to the surface of the first bevel gear (403), and the top of the second bevel gear (404) is rotatably connected to the top of the inner cavity of the fixed box (401).

4. The anti-sway mechanism for a tower crane according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom of the second bevel gear (404) is fixedly connected to a disc (405) through a fixed shaft (409), the bottom of the disc (405) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the fixed box (401), a ratchet pawl (407) is arranged inside the disc (405), a ratchet ring (406) corresponding to the ratchet pawl (407) is arranged outside the disc (405), the bottom of the ratchet ring (406) is fixedly connected to a cam (408) through a fixed rod slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed box (401), and a convex block (4010) corresponding to the cam (408) is arranged on one side of the cam (408).

5. The anti-swing mechanism for a tower crane according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inflation mechanism (3) includes an air storage tank (301) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the traveling crane (102), the output end of the air storage tank (301) is fixedly connected to a first three-way valve (3013) and a second three-way valve (305) respectively through two groups of first metal pipes (302), and the bottom of the first three-way valve (3013) is fixedly connected to a first piston cylinder (303) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the traveling crane (102).

6. The anti-sway mechanism for a tower crane according to claim 5, characterized in that, A first rubber piston (3012) is sleeved on the inner wall of the first piston cylinder (303), a first piston rod (3011) is fixedly connected to one side of the first rubber piston (3012), a first return spring (304) fixedly connected to one side of the first piston cylinder (303) is arranged outside the first piston rod (3011), the other end of the first return spring (304) is fixedly connected to the side of the convex block (4010) away from the cam (408), and the side of the convex block (4010) away from the cam (408) is also fixedly connected to the end of the first piston rod (3011) away from the first rubber piston (3012).

7. The anti-sway mechanism for a tower crane according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom of the second three-way valve (305) is fixedly connected to the top of the fixed box (401), and the bottom of the second three-way valve (305) is also fixedly connected to the second metal pipe (306) through a rotary joint. The second metal pipe (306) fixedly passes through the fixed shaft (409) and extends to the inner wall of the disc (405). One end of the second metal pipe (306) passing through the fixed shaft (409) is fixedly connected to the second piston cylinder (307) connected to the inner wall of the disc (405).

8. The anti-sway mechanism for a tower crane according to claim 7, characterized in that, A second rubber piston (3010) is sleeved on the inner wall of the second piston cylinder (307). One side of the second rubber piston (3010) is fixedly connected to a second piston rod (308). A second return spring (309) fixedly connected to the end of the pawl (407) away from the ratchet ring (406) is arranged outside the second piston rod (308). The other end of the second return spring (309) is fixedly connected to the side of the second piston cylinder (307) close to the pawl (407). The end of the pawl (407) away from the ratchet ring (406) is also fixedly connected to the end of the second piston rod (308) away from the second rubber piston (3010).

9. The anti-sway mechanism for a tower crane according to claim 8, characterized in that, The buffer mechanism (2) includes a four-way valve (205) fixedly connected to the output ends of the first three-way valve (3013) and the second three-way valve (305) through the first metal pipe (302). One side of the four-way valve (205) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the traveling crane (102). The output end of the four-way valve (205) is fixedly connected to the input end of the air storage tank (301) through the first metal pipe (302).

10. The anti-sway mechanism for a tower crane according to claim 9, characterized in that, The buffer mechanism (2) further includes two groups of traction wheels (203) arranged on the surface of the suspension rope (103) for limiting and guiding the suspension rope (103). A fixed disc (201) is rotatably connected to the two groups of traction wheels (203). A plurality of air springs (202) rotatably connected to the bottom of the traveling crane (102) are rotatably connected to the surface of the fixed disc (201). The air valves of the plurality of air springs (202) are connected by a corrugated hose (204). One end of a group of corrugated hoses (204) in the plurality of corrugated hoses (204) is fixedly connected to one end of the four-way valve (205), and the four-way valve (205) and the plurality of corrugated hoses (204) can be used for supplying air and exhausting air to the plurality of air springs (202).

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