Special injection fertilizer for apple trees and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a special injection fertilizer for apple trees, which is prepared according to the proportion of various nutrient elements and comprises the following raw materials: urea, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate and copper sulfate. The invention also provides application of the fertilizer in promoting apple yield increase and improving apple quality. Compared with the prior art, the injection fertilizer special for the apple trees has the advantages that the nutrient content proportion of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese and copper in leaves of the Fuji apple trees in different growth periods is used as a formula of the injection fertilizer; the apple tree formula injection fertilizer suitable for different growth periods of apple trees is researched, so that fertilizer nutrients are efficiently utilized, the fruit trees are promoted to absorb trace elements, the fruit yield and quality of the apple trees are effectively improved, and environmental pollution caused by soil fertilization is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of crop planting, specifically to a special injection fertilizer for apple trees and its application. Background Art

[0002] China is the largest apple producer and consumer in the world. In the 2020 - 2021 production season, China ranked first with a production of 44.066 million tons, accounting for 54.7% of the world's total apple production. The apple industry has developed rapidly, with a complete industrial chain, diverse product types, and continuous growth in production. In terms of export volume, in 2021, the total export volume of fresh apple fruits in China was 1.0784 million tons, and the export value was 9.241 billion yuan.

[0003] The application of chemical fertilizers has played a crucial role in increasing the yield of apples in China. The soil nutrient content and fertilization status in orchards directly affect the yield, quality, and economic benefits of apples. Currently, the commonly used fertilization methods in agricultural production mainly include broadcasting, furrow application, hole application, foliar spraying, etc. These traditional fertilization methods have many disadvantages. For example, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, and most of the fertilizers will be lost due to volatilization, leaching, fixation, etc., resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution; the fertilization is uneven, which easily leads to overnutrition of some crops and malnutrition of some crops; the labor intensity is high, and it requires a large amount of manpower and time. Especially in the case of large - area planting, the fertilization cost is relatively high.

[0004] In order to improve the fertilizer utilization rate and fertilization efficiency, injection fertilization technology has gradually been applied. Currently, many studies focus on trunk injection fertilization. By drilling holes at the root and stem of the tree body, under a certain pressure, a special fertilizer formulated according to the demand ratio of various nutrient components is injected into the tree body through the injection holes and transported to various parts of the tree body through the xylem ducts, enabling the tree body to accumulate and store a sufficient amount of nutrients in a short time. Compared with fertilization methods such as soil fertilization, foliar spraying, and drip irrigation fertilization, trunk injection fertilization has a high nutrient utilization rate, quick results, and there is no volatilization and leaching of fertilizers and fixation and invalidation of nutrients, which can reduce soil salinization problems and environmental pollution.

[0005] However, there are still some problems with existing injection fertilizers and fertilization methods. For example, the fertilizer formula is unreasonable and cannot meet the nutritional requirements of crops at different growth stages. For instance, in the patent application CN 104177179A, the raw materials are ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, urea, boric acid, citric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid, fulvic acid, borax, and sodium lignosulfonate. The basis for the formula is unclear and cannot meet the needs of fruit trees at different growth periods. Additionally, the injection equipment is complex, inconvenient to operate, and costly, which is not conducive to popularization and application. For example, in the patent application CN1272476A, a pressure vessel is used to inject the fertilizer into the tree body, which is likely to damage the tree tissue. It is difficult to precisely control the injection depth and dosage, which can easily damage the crop roots and affect crop growth. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned technical limitations, the present application proposes a special injection fertilizer for apple trees and its application, which overcomes the deficiencies and defects mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: The inventive point of the present application is to provide a special injection fertilizer for apple trees, and the weight ratios of the various nutrient elements in the injection fertilizer are N:P:K:Ca:Mg:Mn:Zn:Cu = (20 - 35):(2 - 4):(6 - 12):(8 - 18):(3 - 5):(0.05 - 0.07):(0.02 - 0.07):(0.01 - 0.015) by weight.

[0008] Optionally, for the above-mentioned special injection fertilizer for apple trees, the weight ratios of the nutrient elements of the injection fertilizer during the flower bud differentiation period of the apple tree are N:P:K:Ca:Mg:Mn:Zn:Cu = 33.8:3.7:6.3:8.5:3.2:0.05:0.02:0.01.

[0009] Optionally, for the above-mentioned special injection fertilizer for apple trees, the weight ratios of the nutrient elements of the injection fertilizer during the fruit expansion period of the apple tree are N:P:K:Ca:Mg:Mn:Zn:Cu = 22.7:2.0:11.6:16.9:4.1:0.07:0.05:0.01.

[0010] Optionally, for the above-mentioned special injection fertilizer for apple trees, the weight ratios of the nutrient elements of the injection fertilizer during the fruit ripening period of the apple tree are N:P:K:Ca:Mg:Mn:Zn:Cu = 21.7:2.3:9.2:14.4:3.8:0.07:0.07:0.01.

[0011] Optionally, for the above-mentioned special injection fertilizer for apple trees, the weight ratio of raw materials of the special injection fertilizer for apple trees is urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: potassium nitrate: calcium nitrate: magnesium nitrate: manganese sulfate: zinc sulfate: copper sulfate = (0.8 - 4.8): (0.3 - 0.8): (0.8 - 2.5): (3.4 - 6.5): (2 - 2.5): (0.05 - 0.25): Optionally, for the above-mentioned special injection fertilizer for apple trees, during the flower bud differentiation period of apple trees from April to May, each apple tree is applied with 4.71 g of urea, 0.72 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 g of potassium nitrate, 3.49 g of calcium nitrate, 2.1 g of magnesium nitrate, 0.1 g of manganese sulfate, 0.02 g of zinc sulfate, and 0.01 g of copper sulfate per month; diluted to an ion concentration of 4‰ in each bag of liquid fertilizer.

[0012] Optionally, for the above-mentioned special injection fertilizer for apple trees, during the fruit expansion period of apple trees from June to July, each apple tree is applied with 0.9 g of urea, 0.34 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.4 g of potassium nitrate, 6 g of calcium nitrate, 2.3 g of magnesium nitrate, 0.2 g of manganese sulfate, 0.02 g of zinc sulfate, and 0.01 g of copper sulfate per month; diluted to an ion concentration of 4‰ in each bag of liquid fertilizer.

[0013] Optionally, for the above-mentioned special injection fertilizer for apple trees, during the fruit ripening period of apple trees from August to October, each apple tree is applied with 1.39 g of urea, 0.44 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 g of potassium nitrate, 5.8 g of calcium nitrate, 2.4 g of magnesium nitrate, 0.1 g of manganese sulfate, 0.02 g of zinc sulfate, and 0.01 g of copper sulfate per month; diluted to an ion concentration of 4‰ in each bag of liquid fertilizer.

[0014] The second inventive point of the present application is to provide the application of the above-mentioned special injection fertilizer for apple trees in promoting apple yield increase and improving apple quality.

[0015] Optionally, for the above-mentioned application, the special injection fertilizer for apple trees is prepared and applied with raw materials having different nutrient element ratios at each growth stage of apple trees.

[0016] Leaves are organs of fruit trees for many important chemical reactions such as photosynthesis and metabolism, and can sensitively reflect the nutritional level of the tree body and the absorption and utilization status of fertilizer nutrient elements. Therefore, using the nutrient content and ratio of leaves to formulate fertilizer recipes has important research value for reducing the interaction between elements and improving the absorption of fertilizers by fruit trees. By measuring the nutrient content of macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, and copper in the leaves of Red Fuji apple trees during different growth periods within a year, using the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, and copper as the formula for injection fertilizers, and by drilling holes at the root and stem of the tree body, under a certain pressure, injecting special fertilizers into the tree body through the injection holes, and transporting them to various parts of the tree body through the xylem ducts, so that the tree body can accumulate and store sufficient nutrients in a short time. Compared with fertilization methods such as soil fertilization, foliar spraying, and drip irrigation, the trunk injection fertilization method has high nutrient utilization efficiency, solves problems such as fruit trees being unable to obtain trace elements from the soil due to soil salinization and nutrient fixation, and there is no volatilization, leaching, fixation, and inactivation of fertilizers, which can reduce soil salinization problems.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: The present application provides a special injection fertilizer for apple trees, using the nutrient content ratio of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, and copper in the leaves of Red Fuji apple trees during different growth periods as the formula for injection fertilizers, researching formula injection fertilizers suitable for different growth periods of apple trees, enabling efficient utilization of fertilizer nutrients and promoting the absorption of trace elements by fruit trees, effectively improving the fruit yield and quality of apple trees and reducing environmental pollution caused by soil fertilization. Detailed implementation method

[0018] To make the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below. However, it should be understood that the description herein is only used to explain the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present application belongs. The terms used in the description of the present application herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. The reagents and instruments used herein are all commercially available, and the characterization means involved can refer to the relevant descriptions in the prior art and will not be elaborated herein.

[0020] To further understand the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the best embodiments.

[0021] Example 1 A special injection fertilizer for apple trees, and the weight ratios of the nutrient elements are N:P:K:Ca:Mg:Mn:Zn:Cu = (20 - 35):(2 - 4):(6 - 12):(8 - 18):(3 - 5):(0.05 - 0.07):(0.02 - 0.07):(0.01 - 0.015).

[0022] The weight ratios of the nutrient elements of the injection fertilizer during the flower bud differentiation period of apple trees are N:P:K:Ca:Mg:Mn:Zn:Cu = 33.8:3.7:6.3:8.5:3.2:0.05:0.02:0.01.

[0023] The weight ratios of the nutrient elements of the injection fertilizer during the fruit expansion period of apple trees are N:P:K:Ca:Mg:Mn:Zn:Cu = 22.7:2.0:11.6:16.9:4.1:0.07:0.05:0.01.

[0024] The weight ratios of the nutrient elements of the injection fertilizer during the fruit ripening period of apple trees are N:P:K:Ca:Mg:Mn:Zn:Cu = 21.7:2.3:9.2:14.4:3.8:0.07:0.07:0.01.

[0025] The weight ratios of the raw materials of the special injection fertilizer for apple trees are urea:potassium dihydrogen phosphate:potassium nitrate:calcium nitrate:magnesium nitrate:manganese sulfate:zinc sulfate:copper sulfate = (0.8 - 4.8):(0.3 - 0.8):(0.8 - 2.5):(3.4 - 6.5):(2 - 2.5):(0.05 - 0.25):(0.01 - 0.03):(0.005 - 0.015).

[0026] The weight ratios of the raw materials of the special injection fertilizer during the flower bud differentiation period of apple trees are urea:potassium dihydrogen phosphate:potassium nitrate:calcium nitrate:magnesium nitrate:manganese sulfate:zinc sulfate:copper sulfate = 4.71:0.72:1:3.49:2.1:0.1:0.02:0.01.

[0027] The weight ratios of the raw materials of the special injection fertilizer during the fruit expansion period of apple trees are urea:potassium dihydrogen phosphate:potassium nitrate:calcium nitrate:magnesium nitrate:manganese sulfate:zinc sulfate:copper sulfate = 0.9:0.34:2.4:6:2.3:0.2:0.02:0.01.

[0028] The weight ratios of the raw materials of the special injection fertilizer during the fruit ripening period of apple trees are urea:potassium dihydrogen phosphate:potassium nitrate:calcium nitrate:magnesium nitrate:manganese sulfate:zinc sulfate:copper sulfate = 1.39:0.44:2:5.8:2.4:0.1:0.02:0.01.

[0029] The present application also provides the application of the above-mentioned special injection fertilizer for apple trees in promoting apple yield increase and improving apple quality. The application concentration of the special injection fertilizer for apple trees is 3-5‰, preferably 4‰.

[0030] The special injection fertilizer for apple trees is prepared and applied with raw materials having different nutrient element ratios at each growth stage of apple trees.

[0031] The injection fertilizer is applied in the following manner: Select a smooth and injury-free place at 15-25 cm above the ground at the base of the tree trunk, drill an injection hole 3-5 mm thick through the phloem and about 1 cm deep into the xylem (for young apple trees, about 0.5 cm deep into the xylem) on the tree trunk with an electric drill. When drilling, the angle between the drill bit and the horizontal is 45°. Hang the infusion bag about 1.5 m above the ground, discharge the air in the pipeline, and ensure that the liquid does not leak. After each fertilization, plug the injection hole with a wooden strip.

[0032] Example 2 From April to May (flower bud differentiation period), each apple tree is applied with 4.71 g of urea, 0.72 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 g of potassium nitrate, 3.49 g of calcium nitrate, 2.1 g of magnesium nitrate, 0.1 g of manganese sulfate, 0.02 g of zinc sulfate, and 0.01 g of copper sulfate per month. Dilute to an ion concentration of 4‰ in each bag of liquid fertilizer.

[0033] From June to July (fruit expansion period), each apple tree is applied with 0.9 g of urea, 0.34 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.4 g of potassium nitrate, 6 g of calcium nitrate, 2.3 g of magnesium nitrate, 0.2 g of manganese sulfate, 0.02 g of zinc sulfate, and 0.01 g of copper sulfate per month. Dilute to an ion concentration of 4‰ in each bag of liquid fertilizer.

[0034] From August to October (fruit ripening period), each apple tree is applied with 1.39 g of urea, 0.44 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 g of potassium nitrate, 5.8 g of calcium nitrate, 2.4 g of magnesium nitrate, 0.1 g of manganese sulfate, 0.02 g of zinc sulfate, and 0.01 g of copper sulfate per month. Dilute to an ion concentration of 4‰ in each bag of liquid fertilizer.

[0035] Comparative Example 1 From April to May (flower bud differentiation period), each apple tree is applied with 4.71 g of urea, 0.72 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 g of potassium nitrate, 3.49 g of calcium nitrate, 2.1 g of magnesium nitrate, 0.1 g of manganese sulfate, 0.02 g of zinc sulfate, and 0.01 g of copper sulfate per month. Dilute to an ion concentration of 6‰ in each bag of liquid fertilizer.

[0036] From June to July (fruit swelling period), apply 0.9 g of urea, 0.34 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.4 g of potassium nitrate, 6 g of calcium nitrate, 2.3 g of magnesium nitrate, 0.2 g of manganese sulfate, 0.02 g of zinc sulfate, and 0.01 g of copper sulfate to each apple tree per month. Dilute to an ion concentration of 6‰ in each bag of liquid fertilizer.

[0037] From August to October (fruit ripening period), apply 1.39 g of urea, 0.44 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 g of potassium nitrate, 5.8 g of calcium nitrate, 2.4 g of magnesium nitrate, 0.1 g of manganese sulfate, 0.02 g of zinc sulfate, and 0.01 g of copper sulfate to each apple tree per month. Dilute to an ion concentration of 6‰ in each bag of liquid fertilizer.

[0038] Comparative Example 2 From April to May (flower bud differentiation period), apply 4.71 g of urea, 0.72 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 g of potassium nitrate, 3.49 g of calcium nitrate, 2.1 g of magnesium nitrate, 0.1 g of manganese sulfate, 0.02 g of zinc sulfate, and 0.01 g of copper sulfate to each apple tree per month. Dilute to an ion concentration of 2‰ in each bag of liquid fertilizer.

[0039] From June to July (fruit swelling period), apply 0.9 g of urea, 0.34 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.4 g of potassium nitrate, 6 g of calcium nitrate, 2.3 g of magnesium nitrate, 0.2 g of manganese sulfate, 0.02 g of zinc sulfate, and 0.01 g of copper sulfate to each apple tree per month. Dilute to an ion concentration of 2‰ in each bag of liquid fertilizer.

[0040] From August to October (fruit ripening period), apply 1.39 g of urea, 0.44 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 g of potassium nitrate, 5.8 g of calcium nitrate, 2.4 g of magnesium nitrate, 0.1 g of manganese sulfate, 0.02 g of zinc sulfate, and 0.01 g of copper sulfate to each apple tree per month. Dilute to an ion concentration of 2‰ in each bag of liquid fertilizer.

[0041] Comparative Example 3 Do not apply injection fertilizer, apply fertilizer to the soil.

[0042] Example 3 (1) Comparative experiment conducted in a normal apple orchard: From 2023 to 2024, a comparative experiment was carried out in an apple orchard growing normally in Hezui Village, Honggu District, Lanzhou City. The orchard used for the experiment was divided into four areas, and the fertilization methods of Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were respectively adopted, and the other measures were kept the same. For 7-year-old apple trees, trunk injection fertilization was carried out during the flower bud differentiation period from April to May, the fruit expansion period from June to July, and the fruit ripening period from August to October. Each tree was injected with 3000 milliliters per month. The results showed that after injecting the formulated fertilizer of the present invention, the content of nutrient elements in the fruit tree leaves increased significantly, the leaf metabolic activity accelerated, the tree vigor was significantly enhanced, the fruit yield increased, and the nutrient components in the fruits increased significantly. The specific results are shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3.

[0043] Table 1 shows the comparison of leaf nutrient contents.

[0044] Table 1

[0045] Note: Multiple comparisons were carried out using the LSD method. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0046] It can be seen from Table 2 that for the fruit trees injected with the fertilizer of Example 2 of the present application, compared with soil fertilization (Comparative Example 3), the nutrient content in the apple tree leaves increased significantly, and the apple trees had a higher nutrient metabolism rate.

[0047] Table 2 shows the comparison of leaf quality.

[0048] Table 2

[0049] Note: Multiple comparisons were carried out using the LSD method. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0050] It can be seen from Table 2 that for the fruit trees injected with the fertilizer of Example 2 of the present application, compared with soil fertilization (Comparative Example 3), the leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and specific leaf weight were significantly increased. For apple trees, it had a higher photosynthetic rate.

[0051] Table 3 shows the comparison of fruit yield and quality.

[0052] Table 3

[0053] Note: Multiple comparisons were carried out using the LSD method. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0054] As can be seen from Table 3, applying the fruit tree injection fertilizer of Example 2 of the present application significantly increased the fruit diameter, single fruit weight and yield of apples compared with soil fertilization (Comparative Example 3). Among them, the soluble sugar and soluble solids were significantly increased, and the fruit quality was significantly improved.

[0055] In summary, the injection fertilizer prepared with the formula of the present application can promote the photosynthesis of apple trees, increase the dry matter accumulation of apple trees, and improve the yield and quality of apples.

[0056] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. Special injection fertilizer for apple trees, characterized in that, The weight ratios of the various nutrient elements in the injection fertilizer are as follows: N:P:K:Ca:Mg:Mn:Zn:Cu = (20 - 35):(2 - 4):(6 - 12):(8 - 18):(3 - 5):(0.05 - 0.07):(0.02 - 0.07):(0.01 - 0.015).

2. The special injection fertilizer for apple trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weight ratios of the nutrient elements of the injection fertilizer during the flower bud differentiation period of the apple tree are: N:P:K:Ca:Mg:Mn:Zn:Cu = 33.8:3.7:6.3:8.5:3.2:0.05:0.02:0.

01.

3. The special injection fertilizer for apple trees according to claim 1, characterized in that The weight ratios of the nutrient elements of the injection fertilizer during the fruit expansion period of the apple tree are: N:P:K:Ca:Mg:Mn:Zn:Cu = 22.7:2.0:11.6:16.9:4.1:0.07:0.05:0.

01.

4. The special injection fertilizer for apple trees according to claim 1, wherein The weight ratios of the nutrient elements of the injection fertilizer during the fruit ripening period of the apple tree are: N:P:K:Ca:Mg:Mn:Zn:Cu = 21.7:2.3:9.2:14.4:3.8:0.07:0.07:0.

01.

5. The special injection fertilizer for apple trees according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The weight ratios of the raw materials of the injection fertilizer special for apple trees are: urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: potassium nitrate: calcium nitrate: magnesium nitrate: manganese sulfate: zinc sulfate: copper sulfate = (0.8 - 4.8):(0.3 - 0.8):(0.8 - 2.5):(3.4 - 6.5):(2 - 2.5):(0.05 - 0.25):(0.01 - 0.03):(0.005 - 0.015).

6. The special injection fertilizer for apple trees according to claim 5, characterized in that, During the flower bud differentiation period of the apple tree from April to May, each apple tree is applied with 4.71 g of urea, 0.72 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 g of potassium nitrate, 3.49 g of calcium nitrate, 2.1 g of magnesium nitrate, 0.1 g of manganese sulfate, 0.02 g of zinc sulfate, and 0.01 g of copper sulfate per month; diluted to an ion concentration of 4‰ in each bag of liquid fertilizer.

7. The special injection fertilizer for apple trees according to claim 5, characterized in that, During the fruit expansion period of the apple tree from June to July, each apple tree is applied with 0.9 g of urea, 0.34 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.4 g of potassium nitrate, 6 g of calcium nitrate, 2.3 g of magnesium nitrate, 0.2 g of manganese sulfate, 0.02 g of zinc sulfate, and 0.01 g of copper sulfate per month; diluted to an ion concentration of 4‰ in each bag of liquid fertilizer.

8. The special injection fertilizer for apple trees according to claim 5, characterized in that, During the fruit ripening period of the apple tree from August to October, each apple tree is applied with 1.39 g of urea, 0.44 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 g of potassium nitrate, 5.8 g of calcium nitrate, 2.4 g of magnesium nitrate, 0.1 g of manganese sulfate, 0.02 g of zinc sulfate, and 0.01 g of copper sulfate per month; diluted to an ion concentration of 4‰ in each bag of liquid fertilizer.

9. Application of the injection fertilizer special for apple trees according to any one of claims 1 - 8 in promoting apple yield increase and improving apple quality.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The injection fertilizer special for apple trees is prepared and applied with raw materials having different nutrient element ratios at each growth stage of the apple tree.

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